AP Language Chapter 3 Vocabulary Flashcards
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| 5185978055 | Ad Hominem | Latin for "against the man," this fallacy refers to a specific diversionary tactic of switching the argument from the the issue at hand to the character of the speaker. | 0 | |
| 5185980505 | Ad Populum | Fallacy that occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be right." | 1 | |
| 5185982522 | Appeal to False Authority | Fallacy that occurs when someone who has no experience to speak on an issue is cited as an authority. | 2 | |
| 5185985470 | Argument | A process of reasoned inquiry; a persuasive discourse resulting in a coherent and considered movement from a claim to a conclusion. | 3 | |
| 5185993547 | Backing | Further assurances or data without which the assumption lacks authority (Toulmin Model). | 4 | |
| 5186003549 | Begging the Question | A fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt. | 5 | |
| 5186003550 | Circular Reasoning | A fallacy in which the writer repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence. | 6 | |
| 5186006292 | Claim | States the argument's main idea or proposition. Must be arguable. | 7 | |
| 5186009247 | Claim of Fact | A claim that asserts that something is true or untrue. | 8 | |
| 5186009248 | Claim of Policy | A claim that proposes a change. | 9 | |
| 5186010977 | Claim of Value | A claim that argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong. | 10 | |
| 5186015073 | CLassical Oration | Five-part argument structure used by classical rhetoricians. | 11 | |
| 5186023425 | Introduction | Introduces the reader to the subject under discussion. | 12 | |
| 5186025327 | Narration | Provides factual information and background material on the subject at hand or establishes why the is a problem that needs addressing. | 13 | |
| 5186027273 | Confirmation | Major part of the text that includes the proof needed to make the writer's case. | 14 | |
| 5186027274 | Refutation | Addresses the counterargument and acts as a bridge between the writer's proof and conclusion. | 15 | |
| 5186029391 | Conclusion | Brings the essay to a satisfying close. | 16 | |
| 5186031048 | Closed Thesis | A statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make. | 17 | |
| 5186031049 | Deduction | A logical process whereby one reaches a conclusion by starting a general principle and applying it to a specific case. | 18 | |
| 5186036217 | False Dilemma | A fallacy in which the speaker presents to extreme options as the only possible choices. | 19 | |
| 5186036268 | Faulty Analogy | A fallacy that occurs when an analogy compares two things that are not comparable. | 20 | |
| 5186048941 | First Hand Evidence | Evidence based on something the writer knows from personal experience, observations, or general knowledge of events. | 21 | |
| 5186050397 | Hasty Generalization | A fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence. | 22 | |
| 5186050398 | Induction | A logical process in which the writer uses specific cases in order to reach a general principle. | 23 | |
| 5186052073 | Logical Fallacy | Potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an argument. | 24 | |
| 5186052074 | Open Thesis | A thesis that does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay. | 25 | |
| 5186057870 | Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc | A fallacy in which the writer assumes that correlation implies causation. | 26 | |
| 5186059223 | Qualifier | Words that temper a claim and make it less absolute (Toulmin Model). | 27 | |
| 5186060519 | Quantitative Evidence | Evidence that can be represented in numbers or figures. | 28 | |
| 5186060520 | Rebuttal | Gives voice to possible objections (Toulmin Model). | 29 | |
| 5186062719 | Reservation | Explains the terms and conditions necessitated by the qualifier (Toulmin Model). | 30 | |
| 5186065005 | Rogerian Arguments | Arguments based on the assumption that having full understanding of an opposing position is essential to responding to it persuasively and refuting it in a way that is accommodating rather than alienating. | 31 | |
| 5186066668 | Second Hand Evidence | Evidence accessed through research, reading, and investigation. | 32 | |
| 5186068628 | Straw Man | Fallacy that occurs when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule or refute an idea. | 33 | |
| 5186068629 | Syllogism | A logical structure that uses both the major and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion. | 34 | |
| 5186071828 | Toulmin Model | An approach to analyzing and constructing arguments created by British philosopher Stephen Toulmin. | 35 | |
| 5186078494 | Warrant | Expresses the assumption necessarily shared by the speaker and the audience (Toulmin Model). | 36 |
