| 5555931109 | Federalist Party | First American political party formed by George Washington and led by Alexander Hamilton. They were in support of the Constitution, as it gave the government more power. They believed in national banks, tariffs, an elite ruling class, and good relations with Britain. They had major influences and impacts on out national government and its debt. | | 0 |
| 5555931110 | Anti-Federalist Party | A group of members that opposed the creation of a stronger US federal government and the Constitution. They were led by Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson. They believed in a weak central government and strong state governments. They supported small farmers and landowners. They helped in preventing the Federalists from creating a political system like that of the British. | | 1 |
| 5555931112 | Democratic Party | A political party that favors greater government action than its conservative opposition does, to direct and promote the welfare of the people in the republic it often governs. Formed by supporters of Andrew Jackson | | 2 |
| 5555931113 | Republican Party | A political party that believed in equality among all men during the Civil War. They strongly opposed slavery. They favored national government. They were a voice against slavery. | | 3 |
| 5555931114 | Whigs Party | were conservatives who supported government programs, reforms, and public schools. They called for internal improvements like canals, railroads, and telegraph lines. | | 4 |
| 5555931117 | Populists Party | wanted to increase the money supply with the free and unlimited coinage of silver and gold (16:1), use the interstate commerce act, organize cooperative marketing societies, and support Bryan in the '96 election | | 5 |
| 5555931118 | Socialists Party | Political party formed in 1901 and committed to socialism- that is, government ownership of most industries. | | 6 |
| 5555931119 | 1796 Election | Thomas Jefferson vs. John Adams. John Adams becomes President, Thomas Jefferson becomes vice-president | | 7 |
| 5555931120 | 1800 Election | Election for presidency between Thomas Jefferson and John Adams, with Jefferson pulling the win. Federalist John Adams was removed from office, so it is considered a Revolution, a great advantage for the Republicans. It ushered in a generation of Democratic-Republican rule and the eventual demise of the Federalist Party. | | 8 |
| 5555931127 | Marbury v Madison 1803 | William Marbury had not had his commission delivered by Adams. Even though this was illegal on Adams part, Congress could not force Marbury to bring the documents. The court was able to form a basis for exercise of judicial review. It defined the boundary between the constitutionally separate executive and judicial branches. (date) | | 9 |
| 5555931128 | McCulloch v Maryland 1819 | Maryland attempted to impede operation of a branch of the second bank of the US by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland. It established that Congress could implement the Constitution's powers, and state action couldn't impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the government. (date) | | 10 |
| 5555931129 | Gibbons v Ogden 1824 | This case involved New York trying to grant a monopoly on waterborne trade between New York and New Jersey. Judge Marshal, of the Supreme Court, sternly reminded the state of New York that the Constitution gives Congress alone the control of interstate commerce. Marshal's decision was a major blow on states' rights. (date) | | 11 |
| 5555931134 | Amistad | Spanish slave ship dramatically seized off the coast of Cuba by the enslaved Africans aboard; the ship was driven ashore in Long Island and the slaves were put on trial; former president John Quincy Adams argued their case before the Supreme Court, securing their eventual release | | 12 |
| 5555931135 | Dred Scott v Sanford 1857 | A slave went to court to try and get his citizenship and become free. The Court at first supported him, but then the Court decided they could not do anything because the slave was property. It showed that even though slaves had more rights now, they were still owned. (date) | | 13 |
| 5555931136 | Plessy v Fergusson | case ruled that "separate but equal" public facilities were legal. reversed in Brown v Board of Ed. Racial segregation | | 14 |
| 5555931137 | Original Colonies | The 13 original states of the USA | | 15 |
| 5555931138 | Appalachians to the Mississippi | Area of expansion in the eighteenth and early nineteenth century. | | 16 |
| 5555931139 | Louisiana Purchase 1803 | The acquisition by the USA of France's claim to the territory of Louisiana. They paid $15 million. It doubled the size of the US, removed France's presence in the region, and it protected US trade access and free passage. (date) | | 17 |
| 5555931140 | Florida | a state in southeastern United States between the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico, Owned by Spain, sold to US in pieces. The last and largest piece is Florida's peninsula sold in 1819 | | 18 |
| 5555931141 | Texas | Declared their independence from the Republic of Mexico in 1836. Incorporated into the US in 1845. It amassed a large amount of land for the US, but caused tensions between the US and Mexico when finalized. | | 19 |
| 5555931142 | Mexican Cession | 1848. Awarded as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo after the Mexican American War. U.S. paid $15 million for 525,000 square miles. | | 20 |
| 5555931143 | Gadsden Purchase 1853 | ..A region of present day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico purchased by the US in a treaty. It proved the land necessary for a southern transcontinental railroad and attempted to resolve conflicts that lingered after the Mexican-American War. (date) | | 21 |
| 5555931144 | Oregon Country | A dispute between the aspirations of Great Britain and the US occurred at this border. Both nations recognized only limited sovereign rights of the local indigenous nations. It became a part of the US policy of Manifest Destiny and westward expansion. | | 22 |
| 5555931145 | Mississippi River | Louisiana Purchase made America gain control of this. It provided means to get their goods to coastal markets. | | 23 |
| 5555931146 | 36 30 line | As a part of the Missouri Compromise, this line was drawn in the Louisiana Territory, which divided the North and South | | 24 |
| 5555931147 | 54 40 line | Slogan used by Polk during the presidential elections of 1844 pronouncing his support for a US-owned Oregon with a border at 54' 40. Settled for 49' in 1846 | | 25 |
| 5555931149 | Erie Canal | A canal in New York running from Albany to Buffalo. It created a navigable water route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes which gave the western states direct access tot he ocean without shipping goods downstream on Mississippi River. | | 26 |
| 5555931150 | Rio Grande River | Mexico refused to sell California to US thinking that Texas' southern border was on the Nueces River; Polk and special envoy to Mexico City John Slidell, asserted that the border of TX is to the south, along the Rio Grande | | 27 |
| 5555931156 | Anne Hutchinson | Puritan spiritual adviser involved in Antimonian Controversy. She suggested that she experienced divine inspiration independently of the Bible or the clergy. She claimed to have received revelation. Antimoniasm. | | 28 |
| 5555931157 | XYZ Affair 1797 | An American diplomatic commission was sent to France to negotiate problems that were threatening to break out into war, approached by agents who demanded bribes and a loan before formal negotiations could begin. It led to an undeclared war called the Quasi-War. (date) | | 29 |
| 5555931160 | Boston Massacre 1770 | The killing of five colonists by British regulars. It was the culmination of the tensions in the American colonies. It made many colonists rally together to counter the evil British. Changed people's mind about the British. (date) | | 30 |
| 5555931164 | Seneca Falls Convention 1848 | The first women's rights convention that advertised itself as a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of women. It was seen as a continuing effort by women to gain for themselves a greater proportion of social, civil, and moral rights. (date) | | 31 |
| 5555931166 | Panic of 1837 | A financial crisis in the US that touched off a major recession. Profits, prices, and wages went down while unemployment went up. Americans had to withdraw specie from domestic banks to pay commercial debts. Banks stopped trading specie and curtailed debts. | | 32 |
| 5555931168 | Great Awakening | Religious Revival and evangelical religious movements in the 18th and 19th centuries. Spiritual renewal that swept the American colonies. It prepared America for its War of Independence and it taught people to be bold when confronting religious authority. | | 33 |
| 5555931169 | Sons of Liberty | Successful colonial american group formed to protect the rights of the colonists and to take to the streets against the abuses of the British government. They undertook the Boston Tea Party. They played a key role in uniting the colonies in the struggle for independence. | | 34 |
| 5555931170 | Boston Tea Party 1773 | Political protest by the Sons of Liberty. They destroyed an entire shipment of tea sent by the East India company in defiance of the Tea Act by throwing the chests into the sea. It showed that the American colonies had grown tired of arbitrary taxation by the British. (date) | | 35 |
| 5555931171 | Popular Sovereignty | A belief that ultimate power resides in the people. The people are able to vote for if they want slavery or not. | | 36 |
| 5555931174 | Second Great Awakening | A Protestant revival movement as a reaction against skepticism, deism, and rationalism. It enrolled new members in existing denominations and led to the formation of new denominations. It revived the emotional side of religion, weakened church authority, and played a role in social reform. | | 37 |
| 5555931180 | Bacon's Rebellion 1676 | A rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of governor, William Berkeley. Bacon was upset about him not being involved in fur trade, and other followers. (Date) | | 38 |
| 5555931181 | French and Indian War 1754-1763 | Fought between the colonies of British America and New France, supported by military units from their parent countries. Hostilities intensified between the two as they both attempted to colonize land in the Ohio Valley. It marked the beginning of conflicts between Great Britain and the American colonists. (Dates) | | 39 |
| 5555931182 | Revolutionary War 1775-1783 | War fought between the American colonies and England. American colonies won war and gained independence and British land in North America. (date) | | 40 |
| 5555931183 | Shay's Rebellion 1787 | A rebellion in which ex-Revolutionary War soldiers attempted to prevent foreclosures of farms as a result of high interest rates and taxes. (date) | | 41 |
| 5555931185 | War of 1812 | A military conflict between US and Britain brought about by trade restrictions, presentiment of sailors, British support of Indians, and interest in annexing territory. It resolved many issues which remain from the Revolution. Us proved that it had a right to be its own country. | | 42 |
| 5555931186 | Nullification Crisis | A sectional crisis with an ordinance declared by the power of the state that the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and therefore void in South Carolina. It showed that the economic and political interests of the North and South were drifting, as they had opposing ideas. | | 43 |
| 5555931191 | Lexington and Concord Battle | "The Shot Heard Round the World"- The first battle of the Revolution in which British general Thomas Gage went after the stockpiled weapons of the colonists in Concord, Massachusetts. | | 44 |
| 5555931188 | Mexican-American War 1846 | An armed conflict between the US and Mexico that started with the US annexation of Texas and was the result of a disagreement over where the Mexican-American border should be. the US received Mexican territory and it raised the question of slavery in the new territory. (date) | | 45 |
| 5555931193 | Saratoga Battle | A battle that took place in New York where the Continental Army defeated the British. It proved to be the turning point of the war. This battle ultimately had France to openly support the colonies with military forces in addition to the supplies and money already being sent. | | 46 |
| 5555931194 | Yorktown Battle | A win of the americans when the Americans set a trap for the British and General Cornwallis surrenders. | | 47 |
| 5555931201 | Bull Run Battle | Was the first meager battle of the civil war with the confederates winning against the north. | | 48 |
| 5555931204 | Gettysburg Battle 1863 | A battle between the Union and the Confederacy. It involved the most casualties, and it is considered a turning point due to the ending of Lee's attempts to invade the North. (date) | | 49 |
| 5555931208 | Treaty of Paris 1783 | It ended the American Revolution between Great Britain and the USA. It allowed enlarged boundaries for the USA. This was important because it ended the war, and began independence for the US. (date) | | 50 |
| 5555931209 | Washington's Farewell Address | A letter written by George Washington. It is a statement of republicanism, warning Americans of the political dangers they must avoid if they are to remain true to their values. | | 51 |
| 5555931210 | Jay's Treaty 1794 | A treaty between the US and Britain to avert war, resolve issues remaining with the Treaty of Paris, and facilitate 10 years of peaceful trade between the two countries. It created a tremendous uproar, as it failed to settle the issue of the British presentment of American merchant sailors. (date) | | 52 |
| 5555931213 | Embargo Act 1807 | It made illegal any exports from the US. It was sponsored by Jefferson. The goal was to force Britain and France to respect American rights during the Napoleonic Wars. It increased capital and labor in the New England textile and other manufacturing industries, lessening America's reliance on England. (date) | | 53 |
| 5555931219 | Monroe Doctrine 1823 | A US foreign policy regarding Latin American countries. It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South American would be viewed as acts of aggression. It directed a clear warning towards all foreign countries telling them to leave the US alone and to stop settling within the country's borders. (date) | | 54 |
| 5555931221 | Articles of Confederation 1781 | Document signed among the 13 colonies to establish the USA as a confederation of sovereign states and serve as the first constitution. It provided direction for the Revolution, the ability to conduct diplomacy with Europe, and deal with territorial issues and Native American relations. (date) | | 55 |
| 5555931222 | Constitutional Convention 1787 | A meeting in Philadelphia that produced a new constitution (date) | | 56 |
| 5555931223 | Bill of Rights | The first ten amendments to the Constitution. They guarantee a number of personal freedoms, limits the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and reserve some powers to the states and the public. | | 57 |
| 5555931224 | New Jersey Plan | A constitutional proposal that would have given each state one vote in a new congress | | 58 |
| 5555931225 | 3/5 Compromise | 3 out of every 5 slaves will be counted as one citizen in order to determine representation in House of Representatives | | 59 |
| 5555931226 | Impeachment | An action by the House of Representatives to accuse the president, vice president, or other civil officers of the United States of committing "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors." | | 60 |
| 5555931228 | The Great Compromise | A state's representation in the House of Representation would be based on population; Two senators for each state; all bills would originate in the house; direct taxes on states were to be assessed according to population | | 61 |
| 5555931229 | Slave Trade | European trade agreement with Africa dealing with slaves brought from Africa. Integral part of Triangle Trade between the Americas, Africa, and Europe. | | 62 |
| 5555931230 | Federalist Papers | A collection of articles and essays written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay promoting the ratification of the Constitution. They outlined the form of government preferred by the Federalists and persuaded other states to ratify the Constitution. | | 63 |
| 5555931231 | Amendment 11 1795 | A citizen of one state cannot sue another state in federal court (date) | | 64 |
| 5555931232 | Amendment 12 1804 | Changes in manner of electing president and vice president; procedure when no presidential candidate receives electoral majority (date) | | 65 |
| 5555931233 | Amendment 13 1864 | This abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime. It formally released all slaves and prevented slavery to keep occurring. (date) | | 66 |
| 5555931234 | Amendment 14 1868 | This granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the US, which included former slaves. It defined citizenship within the US (date). | | 67 |
| 5555931235 | Amendment 15 1870 | This stated that the rights of citizens to vote should not bed denied by the US in race or color. It allowed African American men to vote, though poll taxes and literacy tests still prevented them from doing so. (date) | | 68 |
| 5555931236 | Ratification | An official approval. | | 69 |
| 5555931237 | Checks and Balances | A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power. | | 70 |
| 5555931238 | Executive Branch | Branch of government that enforces the laws | | 71 |
| 5555931239 | Legislative Branch | Branch of Gov't charged with creation of new laws. | | 72 |
| 5555931240 | Judicial Branch | Government department that interprets laws | | 73 |
| 5555931241 | English Bill of Rights 1689 | King William and Queen Mary accepted this document. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people. (date) | | 74 |
| 5555931242 | John Locke | English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers. He affected the development of epistemology and political philosophy. He contributed to the Enlightenment. | | 75 |
| 5555931243 | Navigation Acts | Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries. | | 76 |
| 5555931244 | Proclamation Act 1763 | Issued by King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America. It forbade settlers from settling past a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains. It organized Britain's empire and stabilized relations with Native Americans through trade, settlement, and land purchases. (date) | | 77 |
| 5555931245 | Sugar Act 1764 | It reduced the tax to three pence (previously six pence). The tax was more enforced and it occurred on other goods like wine, coffee, and calico. It raised revenue for Britain through American colonists, not Europeans. (date) | | 78 |
| 5555931246 | Stamp Act 1765 | An act of the Parliament of Great Britain that required the colonies have printed materials be produced on stamp paper. These were legal documents. It helped British troops who were stationed in North America, as the taxes went to their benefit. This angered the colonists. It was considered the last straw, leading to the Revolution. (date) | | 79 |
| 5555931247 | Decalatory Act | Repealed Stamp act due to massive boycotts on all trade. Said that congress has the same power in Britain as they do in America | | 80 |
| 5555931248 | Judiciary Act 1789 | A law that established the federal court system and the number of Supreme Court justices and that provided for the appeal of certain state court decisions to the federal courts | | 81 |
| 5555931249 | Land Ordinance 1785 | The goal was to raise money through the sale of land in the territory west of the states. It was important because it established the precedent by which the US would expand westward across North America by the admission of new states. (date) | | 82 |
| 5555931250 | Northwest Ordinance 1787 | It created the Northwest territory from lands beyond the Appalachian Mountains, between Canada and the Great Lakes. Rather than the expansion of existing states and their established sovereignty, it establish admission for new states. (date) | | 83 |
| 5555931251 | Bank of the US | The central bank of the nation designed to facilitate the issuance of a stable national currency and to provide a convenient means of exchange for the people. The bank was responsible for providing the nation economic stability. | | 84 |
| 5555931255 | Compromise of 1850 | This admitted California as a free state while it also created fugitive slave laws to capture escaped slaves. It created a way for slaves to not be able to go to the North and be free. The North had to help the South. | | 85 |
| 5555931262 | Intolerable Acts 1774 | A series of laws passed by the British Parliament after the Boston Tea Party intending to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance. It was a wake up call for the colonies. The Boston harbor closed. England took over all governmental activities. (date) | | 86 |
| 5555931263 | Virginia Resolution 1798 | Interposition to express the idea that the states have a right to interpose to prevent harm caused by unconstitutional laws. It let states decide the constitutionality of passed laws and it favored states' rights. (date) | | 87 |
| 5555931264 | Missouri Compromise 1820 | It involved primarily the regulation of slavery in the western territories. It prohibited slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of the southern Missouri border. It became precedent for settling subsequent North and South disagreements over slavery and duty issues. (date) | | 88 |
| 5555931265 | Process of Reconstruction | Readmitting confederate states to the union. Rebuilding cities. Creating new infrastructure and new technology. Reuniting the nation. | | 89 |
| 5555931266 | John Smith | English explorer who helped found the colony at Jamestown, Virginia | | 90 |
| 5555931267 | John Rolfe | He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony. | | 91 |
| 5555931268 | Pocahontas | A Powhatan woman (the daughter of Powhatan) who befriended the English at Jamestown and is said to have saved Captain John Smith's life (1595-1617) | | 92 |
| 5555931269 | Powhatan | An Indian chieftain who dominated the peoples in the James River area. All the tribes loosely under his control came to be called Powhatan's confederacy. The colonists inaccurately called all of the Indians Powhatan. | | 93 |
| 5555931270 | William Bradford | A Pilgrim, the second governor of the Plymouth colony, 1621-1657. He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks. | | 94 |
| 5555931271 | Squanto | Native American who helped the English colonists in Massachusetts develop agricultural techniques and served as an interpreter between the colonists and the Wampanoag. | | 95 |
| 5555931272 | William Penn | An English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, and early Quaker. This man was significant because he fought religious oppression and founded the colony of Pennsylvania (1681). | | 96 |
| 5555931273 | William Berkeley | A Governor of Virginia, appointed by King Charles I, of whom he was a favorite. He was governor from 1641-1652 and 1660-1677. Berkeley enacted friendly policies towards the Indians that led to Bacon's Rebellion in 1676. | | 97 |
| 5555931274 | John Winthrop | A wealthy English Puritan lawyer. He was one of the leading figures in the founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and the first governor of that region. | | 98 |
| 5555931275 | Cotton Mather | ..., minister, part of Puritan New England important families, a sholar, one of first americans to pemote vaccination of smallpox when it was believed to be dangerous, strongly believed on witches, encouraged witch trials in salem | | 99 |
| 5555931276 | Pontiac | an Ottawa chief who opposed British expansion into the western Ohio Valley and began destroying British forts in a rebellion. | | 100 |
| 5555931280 | Patrick Henry | American attorney, planter, and politician, who became known as an orator during the movement for independence in Virginia in the 1770s. He led the opposition to the Stamp Act. Give me liberty or give me death. | | 101 |
| 5555931281 | Thomas Jefferson | ..., Virginian, architect, author, governor, and president. Lived at Monticello. Wrote the Declaration of Independence. Second governor of Virgina. Third president of the United States. Designed the buildings of the University of Virginia. | | 102 |
| 5555931282 | George Washington | 1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799) | | 103 |
| 5555931283 | Ben Franklin | A delegate from Pennsylvania and proposed the "Albany Plan of the Union" as a way to strengthen colonies. | | 104 |
| 5555931284 | John Adams | America's first Vice-President and second President. Sponsor of the American Revolution in Massachusetts, and wrote the Massachusetts guarantee that freedom of press "ought not to be restrained." | | 105 |
| 5555931285 | Abigail Adams | She is important because of the many letters she wrote to her husband discussing government and politics. | | 106 |
| 5555931286 | Samuel Adams | American statesmen, political philosopher, and Founding Father of the US. He was a leader in the American Revolution, and he was one of the architects of the principles of American republicanism that shaped the political culture of the US | | 107 |
| 5555931287 | Thomas Gage | British General who controlled Boston following the Boston Tea Party. | | 108 |
| 5555931288 | John Burgoyne | ..., British general in the American Revolution who captured Fort Ticonderoga but lost the battle of Saratoga in 1777 (1722-1792) | | 109 |
| 5555931289 | Charles Cornwallis | A British general, he lost to Nathaniel Green in one campaign. He was humiliated by his defeat in the colonies. He finally lost at the Battle of Yorktown, commonly known as the end of the war, in 1781. | | 110 |
| 5555931291 | Nathan Hale | 1755-1776 Patriot hanged by the British as a spy in the American Revolution | | 111 |
| 5555931292 | Thomas Paine | American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer (born in England) who supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution (1737-1809) | | 112 |
| 5555931293 | Alexander Hamilton | 1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt. | | 113 |
| 5555931294 | James Madison | 1808 and 1812; Democratic-Republican; notable events include the War of 1812, let the charter of the First Bank of the United States expire, but realized it was difficult to finance a war without the bank, so he chartered the 2nd Bank of the United States | | 114 |
| 5555931295 | John Jay | 1st chief justice of the supreme court;(made the british give up there claim to the forts in the north, promised to reimburse they for the seized cargo); wrote the federalists papers | | 115 |
| 5555931300 | William Clark | A skilled mapmaker and outdoorsman chosen to explore the Louisiana Territory. | | 116 |
| 5555931302 | Sacajawea | A Shoshone Indian woman whose language skills and knowledge of geography helped Lewis and Clark on their expedition. | | 117 |
| 5555931304 | Francis Scott Key | ..., A washington lawyer who watched the all-night battle at Fort McHenry and showed his pride by writing what became the national anthem | | 118 |
| 5555931306 | Raplh Waldo Emerson | An American essayist and lecturer. He was seen as a champion of individualism and a present critic of the countervailing pressures of society. He led the Transcendentalist movement. | | 119 |
| 5555931307 | Walt Whitman | American poet and transcendentalist who was famous for his beliefs on nature, as demonstrated in his book, Leaves of Grass. He was therefore an important part for the buildup of American literature and breaking the traditional rhyme method in writing poetry. | | 120 |
| 5555931308 | Edgar Allen Poe | (1809-1849). Orphaned at young age. Was an American poet, short-story writer, editor and literary critic, and is considered part of the American Romantic Movement. Best known for his tales of mystery and the macabre. Failing at suicide, began drinking. Died in Baltimore shortly after being found drunk in a gutter. | | 121 |
| 5555931309 | Oliver Perry | United States commodore who led the fleet that defeated the British on Lake Erie during the War of 1812 | | 122 |
| 5555931311 | Andrew Jackson | Seventh president of the US. He opposed the national bank and did not support a strong federal government. He enforced the Indian Removal Act. He enforced the idea of a common man and sovereignty. | | 123 |
| 5555931312 | Daniel Webster | A leading American senator representing Massachusetts and statesmen during the Second Party System who was a spokesman for American nationalism. A key Whig leader. He spoke for conservatives and led the opposition to Democrat Andrew Jackson and his Democratic Party. | | 124 |
| 5555931314 | Henry Clay | American lawyer, politician, and skilled orator who represented Kentucky. He is important because he was the founder and leader of the Whig Party and a leading advocate of programs for modernizing the economy, like tariffs to eliminate international competition, a national bank, and internal improvements to promote canals, ports, and railroads. | | 125 |
| 5555931316 | Nat Turner | An African-American slave who led a slave rebellion of slaves and free blacks in Virginia that resulted in 60 white deaths. State legislators began to pass new laws to control slaves and free blacks more. They prohibited education, voting, and the right to bear arms. | | 126 |
| 5555931320 | Frederick Douglas | An African-American social reformer and statesman who became a leader of the abolitionist movement. He stood as a living counter-example to slaveholders' arguments that slaves lacked the intellectual capacity to function as independent citizens. | | 127 |
| 5555931321 | Hariet Beecher Stowe | (1811-1896) Connecticut born abolitionist and author of best-selling 'Uncle Tom's Cabin', a novel that awakened millions of Northerners to the cruelty of slavery | | 128 |
| 5555931323 | Harriet Tubman | An African-American abolitionist, humanitarian, and Union spy during the Civil War. They helped many slaves escape through the Underground Railroad. | | 129 |
| 5555931335 | Abraham Lincoln | 16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865) | | 130 |
| 5555931343 | William Sherman | Commander of the Union forces that captured Atlanta in 1864, then marched through Georgia to the sea at Savannah. | | 131 |
| 5555931345 | Robert E Lee | An American soldier who commanded the Confederate Army in the Civil War. He was such a great leader for the South. He was an honorable man, an expert in traditional warfare, and the North respected his demeanor. | | 132 |
| 5555931346 | Andrew Johnson | 17th President of the United States was elected Vice President and succeeded Lincoln when Lincoln was assassinated; was impeached but acquitted by one vote (1808-1875) | | 133 |
| 5555931347 | John Quincy Adams | ..., Secretary of State, He served as sixth president under Monroe. In 1819, he drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty in which Spain gave the United States Florida in exchange for the United States dropping its claims to Texas. The Monroe Doctrine was mostly Adams' work. | | 134 |
| 5555931351 | Nathaniel Bacon | A planter who led a rebellion with one thousand other Virginians in 1676; the rebels were mostly frontiersmen forced toward the backcountry in search of fertile land | | 135 |
| 5555931352 | Jonathan Edwards | A Congregationalist preacher of the Great Awakening who spoke of the fiery depths of hell. | | 136 |
| 5555931354 | Crispus Attucks | A free black man who was the first person killed in the Revolution at the Boston Massacre. | | 137 |
| 5555931356 | Preston Brooks | A hot tempered Congressman of South Carolina took vengeance in his own hands. He beat Sumner with a cane until he was restrained by other Senators. He later resigned from his position, but was soon reelected. | | 138 |
| 5555931358 | JD Rockefeller | establishes standard oil company who joined with competing companies in trust agreements gained total control of oil industry. | | 139 |
| 5555931359 | JP Morgan | An influential banker and businessman who bought and reorganized companies. His US Steel company would buy Carnegie steel and become the largest business in the world in 1901 | | 140 |
| 5555931360 | Alexander Graham | American inventor and educator; his interest in electrical and mechanical devices to aid people with hearing impairments led to the development and patent of the telephone | | 141 |
| 5555931361 | Charles Darwin | (1809—1882): British naturalist whose theory of evolution, in particular, the principles of natural selection and adaptation, and his theory of animal man, left an indelible and enduring transformational influence upon science in general and psychology in particular | | 142 |
| 5555931362 | Frederick Jackson | American historian who said that humanity would continue to progress as long as there was new land to move into. The frontier provided a place for homeless and solved social problems. | | 143 |
| 5555931363 | Mark Twain | United States writer and humorist best known for his novels about Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn | | 144 |
| 5555931364 | Teddy Roosevelt | Twenty-sixth president of the United States; he focused his efforts on trust busting, environment conservation, and strong foreign policy. | | 145 |
| 5604729246 | The "Southern Lady" | Obeyed her husbands in all matters | | 146 |
| 5604742659 | the greatest unification in the south was the following | race | | 147 |
| 5604749081 | this area had fewer cities | the south | | 148 |
| 5604755761 | the Southern planter class | dominated the political, economic, and social life of the region | | 149 |
| 5604775968 | by 1860 the states with the largest slave population | Virginia and South Carolina | | 150 |
| 5604784833 | dangerous task were completed by the following group | immigrant labors | | 151 |
| 5604792589 | one effect of Nat Turners rebellion was the following | the decline in the number of slaves freed in the south | | 152 |
| 5604802838 | most important crop in the south in 1850 | cotton | | 153 |
| 5604813202 | compared with white women of the north white women of the south would be considered | less educated | | 154 |
| 5604822329 | this fighting style was largely vanished from the north but continued in the south | dueling | | 155 |
| 5604832270 | Andrew Jackson is described as the following | frontier aristocrat | | 156 |
| 5604838094 | the oldest political party | democratic party | | 157 |
