| 8187831960 | Balkanization | Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities | | 0 |
| 8187831962 | centripetal force | An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state | | 1 |
| 8187831963 | centrifugal force | a force that divides people and countries | | 2 |
| 8187831966 | shatterbelt | a region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals (e.g., Israel or Kashmir today; Eastern Europe during the Cold War,...). | | 3 |
| 8187831968 | ethnic cleansing | Process in which more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region | | 4 |
| 8187831971 | ethnicity | Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions. | | 5 |
| 8187831974 | multi-ethnic state | A state that contains more than one ethnicity | | 6 |
| 8187831975 | multinational state | State that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities. | | 7 |
| 8187831976 | nation | tightly knit group of individuals sharing a common language, ethnicity, religion, and other cultural attributes | | 8 |
| 8187831977 | nationalism | a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country |  | 9 |
| 8187831979 | nation state | A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality | | 10 |
| 8187831988 | annexation | The adding of a region to the territory of an existing political unit. | | 11 |
| 8187831990 | natural/physical boundary | When a physical feature such as a mountain or river determine a political boundary | | 12 |
| 8187831991 | consequent/cultural boundary | a political boundary that follows some cultural border, such as linguistic or religious border | | 13 |
| 8187831992 | geometric boundary | Political boundaries that are defined and delimited by straight lines. | | 14 |
| 8187831996 | colonialism | Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory. | | 15 |
| 8187831997 | command economy | An economic system in which the government controls a country's economy. | | 16 |
| 8187831998 | market economy | economic system in which decisions on production and consumption of goods and services are based on voluntary exchange in markets | | 17 |
| 8187831999 | mixed economy | an economy in which private enterprise exists in combination with a considerable amount of government regulation and promotion | | 18 |
| 8187832000 | core area | The territorial nucleus from which a country grows in an area and over time, often containing the national capital and the main center of commerce, culture, and industry. | | 19 |
| 8187832001 | confederation | a political system in which a weak central government has limited authority, and the states have ultimate power. | | 20 |
| 8187832002 | Conference of Berlin (1884) | meeting of 14 mostly European countries on how to divided up Africa amongst themselves disregarding African input or ethnic groups | | 21 |
| 8187832003 | decolonization | The collapse of colonial empires. Between 1947 and 1962, practically all former colonies in Asia and Africa gained independence. | | 22 |
| 8187832004 | democratization | the spread of representative government to more countries and the process of making governments more representative | | 23 |
| 8187832005 | devolution | The process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government. | | 24 |
| 8187832007 | positional dispute | when states argue about the location of the border | | 25 |
| 8187832008 | territorial dispute | occurs when a country claims an area existing in some other country's territory or when the border is under dispute | | 26 |
| 8187832009 | resource dispute | dispute over an area containing resources necessary for a state's survival and growth | | 27 |
| 8187832010 | functional dispute | when states cannot agree on policies that apply near border | | 28 |
| 8187832012 | electoral regions | The different voting districts that make up local, state, and national regions. | | 29 |
| 8187832013 | enclave | a distinct region or community enclosed within a larger territory | | 30 |
| 8187832014 | exclave | a part of a country that is seperated from the rest of the country and surrounded by foreign territory. | | 31 |
| 8187832015 | European Union | a supranational organization whose goal is to unite Europe so that goods, services, and workers can move freely among member countries |  | 32 |
| 8187832016 | federal system | a government that divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments | | 33 |
| 8187832017 | forward capital | capital city positioned in actually or potentially contested territory usually near an international border, it confirms the states determination to maintain its presence in the region in contention. | | 34 |
| 8187832018 | frontier | A zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control. | | 35 |
| 8187832019 | geopolitics | study of government and its policies as affected by physical geography | | 36 |
| 8187832020 | gerrymandering | the drawing of legislative district boundaries to benefit a party, group, or incumbent |  | 37 |
| 8187832021 | global commons | those parts of our environment available to everyone but for which no single individual has responsibility--the atmosphere, fresh water, forests, wildlife, and ocean fisheries | | 38 |
| 8187832022 | Heartland Theory | Hypothesis proposed by Halford MacKinder that held that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world. | | 39 |
| 8187832023 | Rimland Theory | Nicholas Spykman's theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provided the base for world conquest. | | 40 |
| 8187832025 | imperialism | Control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society. | | 41 |
| 8187832026 | minority-majority districting | A rule by which the design of new electoral boundaries, must where possible, create electoral districts which have a majority population of some group which is a national minority | | 42 |
| 8187832027 | multicore state | A state that possesses more than one core or dominant region, be it economic, political, or cultural. | | 43 |
| 8187832028 | monetary policy | Government policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling the money supply and thus interest rates. | | 44 |
| 8187832031 | irredentism | a policy of cultural extension and potential political expansion by a country aimed at a group of its nationals living in a neighboring country | | 45 |
| 8187832032 | landlocked | A state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea. | | 46 |
| 8187832035 | Median line principle | according to the UNCLOS, the EEZ for maritime countries located closer to each other than 200 miles is located halfway in between. | | 47 |
| 8187832036 | microstate | A state that encompasses a very small land area. | | 48 |
| 8187832037 | primate city | urban center disproportionately larger than the 2nd largest city; dominates the country's social, political, and economic activities | | 49 |
| 8187832042 | reapportionment | The process of reassigning representation based on population after every census | | 50 |
| 8187832045 | satellite state | A political term that refers to a country which is formally independent, but under heavy influence or control by another country. | | 51 |
| 8187832046 | separatist movement | refers to the social movements for a particular group of people to separate from the dominant political institution under which they suffer | | 52 |
| 8187832047 | spatial force | Spatially, devolutionary events most often occur on the margins of the state. | | 53 |
| 8187832049 | three pillars | Informal term denoting the main areas in which the EU has worked since the Maastricht Treaty. 1. the traditional involvement in trade and other economic matters 2. cooperation in justice and home affairs 3. the desire to create a Common Foreign and Security Policy which is the most visionary and controversial aspect of the EU today | | 54 |
| 8187832050 | sovereignty | Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states. | | 55 |
| 8187832052 | state | an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs | | 56 |
| 8187832053 | stateless nation | term used to imply that a group, usually a minority ethnic group, is a nation but does does not have a State of its own (ex. Kurds, Palestinians) | | 57 |
| 8187832055 | supranational organizations | three or more countries agree to give up a degree of autonomy in order to pursue common goals. (ex. European Union) | | 58 |
| 8187832056 | territorial morphology | A state's geographical shape, which can affect its spatial cohension and political viability. | | 59 |
| 8187832057 | compact state | A state that posses a roughly circular shape from which the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions. (ex. Poland) | | 60 |
| 8187832058 | fragmented state | A state that is not contiguous whole but rather separated parts.(ex. Indonesia) | | 61 |
| 8187832059 | elongated state | A state with a long, narrow shape. (Example. Chile) | | 62 |
| 8187832060 | perforated state | A state that completely surrounds another state. (Example: South Africa) | | 63 |
| 8187832061 | territoriality | In political geography, a country's or more local community's sense of property and attachment toward its territory, as expressed by its determination to keep it inviolable and strongly defended. | | 64 |
| 8187832062 | UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) | A code of maritime law approved by the United Nations in 1982 that authorizes, among other provisions, territorial waters extending 12 nautical miles (22km) from shore and 200-nautical-mile-wide (370-km-wide) exclusive economic zones. | | 65 |
| 8187832063 | USSR collapse | Dec 1, 1991, a vote for independence in the Ukraine ( the most powerful republic) | | 66 |
| 8442403951 | Autonomous region | have their own local and legislative bodies to govern a region with a population that is an ethnic minority within the entire country. | | 67 |
| 8442441236 | Boundary | The written legal description of a boundary between two countries or territories. | | 68 |
| 8442447413 | Cold War | the competition between two superpowers for control of land spaces all over the world (Soviet Union and United States) | | 69 |
| 8442458773 | Colonies | dependent areas | | 70 |
| 8442460511 | Core-Periphery | outlying areas of the core. | | 71 |
| 8442468170 | Ethnonationalism | the tendency for an ethnic group to see itself as a distinct nation with a right to autonomy or independence | | 72 |
| 8442472247 | European constitution | a proposed constitution by the EU, but rejected by France and the Netherlands, that would have mark an important recognition of the EU's sovereignty | | 73 |
| 8442474376 | European Monetary Union | a union that is replacing national banks in Europe as a central bank | | 74 |
| 8442487478 | Friedrich Ratzel | Friedrich Ratzel (August 30, 1844 - August 9, 1904) was a German geographer and ethnographer, notable for coining the term Lebensraum—("living space") | | 75 |
| 8442498251 | Genocide | the deliberate killing of people who belong to a particular racial, political, or cultural group | | 76 |
| 8442505112 | Ethnic forces | a devolutionary force that uses ethnic identity to separate an ethnic group from a country | | 77 |
| 8442818559 | Government | the political direction and control exercised over the actions of the members, citizens, or inhabitants of communities, societies, and states; direction of the affairs of a state, community, etc.; political administration | | 78 |
| 8442826033 | Institutions | stable, long lasting organizations that help to turn political ideas into policies | | 79 |
| 8442827268 | Integration | a process that encourages the states to pool their sovereignty in order to gain political, economic, and social clout | | 80 |
| 8442834300 | International boundaries | a type of boundary within a state, for administrative purposes or to mark off cultural regions ex. US, Canada, India | | 81 |
| 8442845473 | Neo-colonialism | control by a powerful country of its former colonies (or other less developed countries) by economic pressures | | 82 |
| 8442851896 | Organic Theory | the view that states resemble biological organisms with life cycles that include stages of youth, maturity, and old age. states act as pac man and must "eat" smaller/younger states to survive | | 83 |
| 8442876244 | Political Geography | the study of the political organization of the planet, a constantly changing collage of countries that once were kingdoms or parts of empires, or perhaps scatterings of independent tribes | | 84 |
| 8442877717 | Politics | (basically) all about power; power to make decisions and challenges to get them and keep them | | 85 |
| 8442880238 | Political culture | an overall set of values widely shared within a society | | 86 |
| 8442892638 | Politicization of religion | the use of religious principles to promote political ends and vise versa | | 87 |
| 8442897636 | Relative location | a location that is defined by being compared to the location of other places | | 88 |
| 8442902635 | Security council | the body responsible for making decisions for the UN for peacekeeping actions | | 89 |
| 8442903803 | Terrorism | the use of violence by non-governmental groups against civilians to achieve a political goal by instilling fear and frightening governments into changing policies | | 90 |
| 8442924173 | Transnational corporation | A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located. | | 91 |
| 8442934991 | Unitary system | a system that concentrates all policy-making powers in one central geographic place | | 92 |
