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AP Vocabulary Flashcards

6386828119	Ballad		0
6386834693	Analogy	a comparison between two things	1
6386838837	Sarcasm	The use of irony to mock	2
6386842211	Synecdoche	A part of something that refers to the whole	3
6386914232	Oxymoron	Use of two contradictory terms	4
6386919791	Allegory	A story where people or things have symbolic meaning	5
6386926315	Anecdote	a short account or story	6
6386930850	Paradox	A self-contradictory statement	7
6386937849	Metaphor	a thing regarded as representative or symbolic of something else and makes a comparison	8
6386943517	Catharsis	The process of releasing and providing relief from emotions	9
6386946349	Hyperbole	Overstatement	10
6386952760	Understatement	A writer or speaker makes the situation seem less important than it really is	11
6386957935	Situational Irony	the outcome is not what was intended	12
6386963235	Verbal Irony / Sarcasm	someone says the opposite of what they mean	13
6386968379	Dramatic Irony	the full significance of a character's words or actions are clear to the audience or reader although unknown to the character	14
6386977284	Pathos	convincing through use of emotion	15
6386984143	Logos	convincing through use of reason	16
6386986139	Ethos	convincing through use of morals/ethics	17
6387009147	Impressionism in writing	placing more responsibility on the reader to form his or her own conclusions about events within the novel	18
6387013245	Personification	giving human-like qualities to non-human things	19
6387016498	Antithesis	contrast of ideas	20
6387023383	Symbol	something that stands for something else	21
6387027221	Duality	opposition or contrast between two aspects of something	22
6387037286	Tactile	can be sensed with touch	23
6387041415	Auditory	can be sensed with hearing	24
6387046267	Allusion	an indirect reference to something	25
6387052010	Fusion	the joining of two or more things together to form a single entity	26
6387066372	Philosophy	the study of the nature of knowledge, reality, and existence	27
6387362281	Extensive	great, vast	28
6387367491	Egotism	self-importance	29
6387372704	Superficial	surface, lack of depth	30
6387412773	Inversion	reversal of position or relationship	31
6387475465	Intellectual rigor	is having clarity in thinking and an ability to think carefully and deeply	32
6387489841	Bulwark	defensive wall, fortification	33
6387497658	Animistic	believing everything has a soul	34
6387542607	Quasi-religious	resembling something that is religious or sacred	35
6387555190	Pretentious	pompous, self-important	36
6387564573	Romanticism	emphasis on innocence, nature, beauty, and imagination	37
6387582633	Proof	a trial print of something	38
6387588410	Endorse	to declare support of	39
6387605200	Conventional	what is considered "normal"	40
6387622192	Imagery	visually descriptive language	41
6388139897	Postmodernism	characterized by reliance on narrative techniques such as fragmentation, paradox, and the unreliable narrator	42
6435705674	Diction	word choice	43
6435707592	Syntax	sentence structure	44
6435709789	Detail	description	45
6435732959	Voice	the author's style, the quality that makes his or her writing unique, and which conveys the author's attitude, personality, and character; or the characteristic speech and thought patterns of the narrator of a work of fiction.	46

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AP Vocabulary Flashcards

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10126901579	Element	0
10126901580	Oxygen	1
10126901581	Carbon	2
10126903201	Hydrogen	3
10126903202	Nitrogen	4
10126903203	Trace Elements	5
10126904191	Atom	6
10126904192	Protons	7
10126905883	Neutrons	8
10126905884	Electrons	9
10126905885	Nucleus	10
10126907015	Isotopes	11
10126907016	Compound	12
10126907017	Chemical Reaction	13
10126908653	Chemical Bond	14
10126908654	Ionic Bond	15
10126908655	Covalent Bond	16
10126910781	Non-Polar Covalent	17
10126910782	Polar Covalent	18
10126912067	Polar	19
10126912068	Hydrogen Bonds	20
10126912069	Cohesion	21
10126913805	Adhesion	22
10126913806	Surface Tension	23
10126913807	Capillary Action	24
10126916829	Heat Capacity	25
10126916830	Acidic	26
10126916831	Basic	27
10126918900	Neutral	28
10126918901	Alkaline	29
10126918902	pH Scale	30
10126920243	Organic Compounds	31
10126920244	Inorganic Compounds	32
10126921453	Carbohydrates	33
10126921454	Monosaccharides	34
10126922774	Disaccharides	35
10126922775	Polysaccharides	36
10126922776	Glucose	37
10126924427	Fructose	38
10126926980	Glycosidic Bond	39
10126929216	Dehydration synthesis (Condensation)	40
10126929217	Hydrolysis	41
10126929218	Polymer	42
10126930181	Starch	43
10126930182	Cellulose	44
10126930194	Glycogen	45
10126931651	Plastids	46
10126931652	Amino Acids	47
10126933059	Amino Group	48
10126933060	Carboxyl Group	49
10126933061	R Group	50
10126934963	Side Chain	51
10126934964	Functional groups	52
10126934965	Dipeptide	53
10126936234	Peptide Bond	54
10126936235	Polypeptide	55
10126936236	Protein	56
10126937786	Lipids	57
10126937787	Fats	58
10126937788	Oils	59
10126939109	Phospholipids	60
10126939110	Steroids	61
10126939111	Neutral Fats	62
10126940219	Glycerol	63
10126940220	Ester Linkage	64
10126940221	Saturated	65
10126941424	Unsaturated	66
10126941425	Polyunsaturated	67
10126942700	Hydrophobic	68
10126942701	Hydrophilic	69
10126942702	Amphipathic	70
10126944977	Nucleic Acids	71
10126944978	Nucleotides	72
10126949299	Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)	73
10126951426	Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)	74
10126951427	Oparin and Haldane	75
10126952428	Stanley Miller	76
10126952429	Harold Urey	77
10126953612	Heterotrophs (consumers)	78
10126953613	Autotrophs (producers)	79

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AP Statistics Ch 1 Flashcards

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8550867345	Symmetric	data on which both sides are fairly the same shape and size. "Bell Curve"	0
8550867346	Parameter	value of a population (typically unknown)	1
8550867347	Statistic	a calculated value about a population from a sample	2
8550867348	Median	the middle point of the data (50th percentile) when the data is in numerical order.	3
8550867349	Variability	allows statisticians to distinguish between usual and unusual occurrences.	4
8550867350	Standard Deviation	measures the average distance of observations from the mean	5
8550867351	Skewed Right	mean is a larger value than the median.	6
8550867363	Census	a complete count of the population.	7
8550867400	Lurking Variable	is a variable that is not included as an explanatory variable in the analysis but can affect the interpretation of relationships between variables	8
8550867405	Histogram	A graph that represents a frequency distribution by means of rectangles whose widths represent class intervals or "bins"	9

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AP Micro: UNIT 2 Flashcards

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9603356914	Demand	quantities of goods that consumers are willing and able to buy at different prices	0
9603361541	Law of Demand	the inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded	1
9603374684	Quantity Demanded	specific amount demanded at at specific price	2
9603404437	Change in Demand	shift of the demand curve	3
9603408342	Change in quantity demanded	movement along the curve that results from a change in price	4
9603425609	Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility	the more you consume of a product the less satisfaction you get from each new consumed item	5
9603439801	Demand Curve	graphical representation of a demand schedule	6
9603451959	Ceteris Paribus	all other things held constant	7
9603464621	Determinants of Demand	TRIBE (name them!!)	8
9603472134	Substitutes	goods used in place of one another	9
9603474866	Complements	two goods that are bought and used together	10
9603485976	Normal Goods	as income increases, demand increases	11
9603489935	Inferior goods	as income increases, demand decreases	12
9603515613	Supply	different quantities of a good that sellers are willing and able to produce at different prices	13
9603522845	Law of Supply	the direct relationship between price and quantity supplied	14
9603532652	Change in Supply	a shift of the supply curve	15
9603536998	Change in quantity supplied		16
9604047851	Determinants of Supply	ROTTEN (Name them)	17
9604057965	Surplus	excess supply	18
9604057966	Shortage	excess demand	19
9604067122	Voluntary Exchange	buyers and sellers freely and willingly completing market transactions for mutual benefit	20
9604079827	Consumer Surplus	difference between what a consumer is willing to pay and what they actually pay	21
9604104278	Producer Surplus	difference between the price a seller received and how much they were willing to sell it for	22
9604132643	Price Ceiling	maximum legal price a seller can charge for a product	23
9604140169	Equilibrium	economic situation where no individual would be better off doing something different	24
9604151819	Market Clearing Price	equilibrium price = equilibrium quantity	25
9605440585	Price Floor	minimum legal price a seller can sell a product for	26
9605451181	Deadweight Loss	loss in total surplus	27
9605458440	Elasticity	shows how sensitive quantity is to a change in price	28
9605468320	Elastic	a change in price causes a significant change in quantity	29
9605471675	Inelastic	a change in prices causes a small change in quantity	30
9605476507	Unit Elastic	a change in price causes a proportional change in quantity	31
9605486395	Total Revenue	Price x Quantity	32
9605489372	Cross-Price elasticity	shows how sensitive a product is to a change int he price of another good	33
9605501382	Income Elasticity	shows how sensitive a product is to a change in income	34
9605513002	Tariff	tax on imports	35
9605513003	Quota	a limit on the number of imports	36
9605519998	Excise Taxes	a per unit tax on producers	37
9605530347	Tax Incidence	determine who pays more of a tax, consumers or producers	38
9605548623	Utility Maximizing Rule	consumer's money should be spent so that the marginal utility per dollar of each good equals each other	39
9605581266	Marginal Utility	change in utility generated by consuming one additional unit of a good or service	40

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AP El Comercio Flashcards

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9716766978	corren el riesgo	run the risk	0
9716773113	en bancarrota	bankruptcy	1
9716785554	está de rebajas	on sale	2
9716794850	puesto a la venta	put on sale	3
9716800071	de venta menor	minor sale	4
9716800074	de venta mejor	major sale	5
9716806048	el precios de venta	sale price	6
9716806049	a doce plazos	12 installments	7
9716813634	plazas	parking spots	8
9716820658	está jubilado	is retired	9
9716823588	júbilo	jubilation	10
9716827560	jubilación	retirement	11
9716836779	jubiloso	joyful	12
9716836780	en el fondo	down deep	13
9716839394	el fondo	the fund	14
9716938608	acomodado	well to do	15
9716938609	caro	expensive	16
9716944441	enriquecedor	enricher	17
9716944442	ostentoso	showy	18
9716946877	desempleo	unemployment	19
9716949922	empleado	worker	20
9716951738	empleo	job or employment	21
9716956508	estar en huelga	to be on strike	22
9716958768	jornada	work day	23
9716962286	rango	rank	24
9716962287	sueldo	salary	25
9716967463	compañía	company	26
9716967464	contratos	contracts	27
9716972267	fabricación	manufacturing	28
9716975081	fábrica	factory	29
9716979968	presupuesto	budget	30
9716983176	recursos	resources	31
9716987455	sucursal	branch	32
9716987456	taller	shop	33
9716999481	acciones	shares	34
9716999482	ascender	to promote	35
9717002229	bolsa	purse	36
9717004946	capital	capital ($)	37
9717004947	cambio	change	38
9717008229	cobrar	to collect, charge or cash	39
9717014759	contratar	to contract	40
9717018879	invertir	to invert or invest	41
9717022876	ganar	to win/earn	42
9717025342	gastar	to spend	43
9717029101	hipoteca	mortgage	44
9717029102	impuestos	taxes	45
9717031313	negocios	businesses	46
9717034230	precio	price	47
9717036600	propiedad	property	48
9717039849	realizar una ganancia	to receive a profit	49
9717042420	rentabilizar	to make profitable	50
9717048934	inversiones	investment	51
9717048935	suerte	luck	52
9717051118	ganancia	profit	53
9717053650	salud	health	54
9717056302	amor	love	55
9717060237	riqueza	richness	56
9717060238	celo	zeal	57
9717063054	entrenamiento	training	58
9717070960	ascenso	promotion	59
9717070961	pereza	laziness	60
9717073489	retraso	delay	61
9717073490	despido	layoff/fired	62
9717078926	talento	talent	63
9717081521	esfuerzo	effort	64
9717081522	éxito	success	65
9717088038	esperanza	hope	66
9717088039	labor	labor	67
10127437013	accionista	shareholder	68
10127437014	agente de bienes raíces	real estate agent	69
10127437015	agente de seguros	insurance agent	70
10127437016	Director	Manager	71

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AP Biochemistry Flashcards

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4770777476	Exam Format		0
4770780187	Tips for Section 1		1
4770784640	Atomic Structure		2
4770785394	Bonding		3
4770786129	Molecules - Polar vs Non-Polar		4
4770786776	Intermolecular Attractions		5
4770787503	Properties of Water		6
4770787933	pH		7
4770788587	Isomers		8
4770789071	Carbohydrates		9
4770790892	Glucose - C6H12O6 Monosaccharide Used for quick energy Building block of all carbohydrates The carbon atoms are numbers 1 through 6		10
4770794239	Glycerol 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids -> lipid		11
4770795046	Lipids		12
4770797516	Fatty Acids Saturated Fatty Acid (left molecule) Found in animal fat All bonds between carbon atoms are single bonded Unsaturated fatty acid (right molecule) Found in plant oil Contains at least one double bond between carbon atoms		13
4770799433	Steroid Classified as a lipid Component of plasma membranes that make the membrane less fluid, more stable nonpolar and hydrophobic Many are sex hormones in vertebrates Ex: cholesterol		14
4770800621	Amino Acid building block of proteins There are 20 different amino acids Humans can synthesize only 12 and must ingest the other 8		15
4770801522	Proteins (A)		16
4770802038	Proteins structures		17
4770803755	Nucleic Acid Phosphate - Sugar- Nitrogenous Base		18
4770804344	Energy		19
4770804957	Enzyme Characteristics		20
4770807460	The reaction is exergonic because the potential energy (PE) of the products is less than that of the reactants The presence of a catalyst enables the reaction to occur at a lower temperature (In an endothermic reaction, the PE of the products is greater than the PE of the reactants) Gibbs free energy = how much free energy is available In exergonic reactions ΔG is negative		21
4770808508	Activation Energy	Energy required to begin a reaction	22
4770808759	Substrate	The molecule an enzyme works on. Ex: The enzyme maltase catalyzes maltose into glucose	23
4770809415	Active Site	where an enzyme and substrate bond	24
4770809876	Induced Fit Model		25
4770810853	Competitive Inhibition		26
4770811429	Allosteric Inhibition		27
4770812124	Progress of Endergonic Reaction		28
4770812741	Cooperativity		29

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AP Psychology: Motivation and Emotion Flashcards

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5877938308	motivation	the process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met.	0
5877938309	extrinsic motivation	type of motivation in which a person performs an action because it leads to an outcome that is separate from or external to the person.	1
5877938310	intrinsic motivation	type of motivation in which a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in some internal manner.	2
5877938311	instincts	the biologically determined and innate patterns of behavior that exist in both people and animals.	3
5877938312	instinct approach	approach to motivation that assumes people are governed by insticts similar to those of animals.	4
5877938313	need	a requirement of some material (such as food or water) that is essential for survival of the organism	5
5877938314	drive	a psychological tension and physical arousal arising when there is a need that motivates the organism to act in order to fulfill the need and reduce the tension	6
5877938315	drive-reduction theory	approach to motivation that assumes behavior arises from physiological needs that cause internal drives to push the organism to satisfy the need and reduce tension and arousal	7
5877938316	primary drives	those drives that involve needs of the body such as hunger and thirst	8
5877938317	acquired (secondary) drives	those drives that are learned through experience or conditioning, such as the need for money or social approval	9
5877938318	homeostasis	the tendency of the body to maintain a steady state	10
5877938319	need for achievement (nAch)	a need that involves a strong desire to succeed in attaining goals, not only realistic ones but also challenging ones	11
5877938320	need for affiliation (nAff)	the need for friendly social interactions and relationships with others	12
5877938321	need for power (nPow)	the need to have control or influence over others	13
5877938322	stimulus motive	a motive that appears to be unlearned but causes an increase in stimulation, such as curiosity	14
5877938323	arousal theory	theory of motivation in which people are said to have an optimal (best or ideal) level of tension that they seek to maintain by increasing or decreasing stimulation	15
5877938324	Yerkes-Dodson law	law stating performance is related to arousal; moderate levels or arousal lead to better performance than do levels of arousal that are too low or too high. This effect varies with the difficulty of the task: Easy tasks require a high-moderate level whereas more difficult tasks require a low-moderate level	16
5877938325	sensation seeker	someone who needs more arousal than the average person	17
5877938326	incentives	things that attract or lure people into action	18
5877938327	incentive approaches	theories of motivation in which behavior is explained as a response to the external stimulus and its rewarding properties	19
5877938328	expectancy-value theories	incentive theories that assume the actions of humans cannot be predicted or fully understood without understanding the beliefs, values, and the importance that a person attaches to those beliefs and values at any given moment in time	20
5877938329	self-actualization	according to Maslow, the point that is seldom reached at which people have sufficiently satisfied the lower needs and achieved their full human potential	21
5877938330	peak experiences	according to Maslow, times in a person's life during which self-actualization is temporarily achieved	22
5877938331	self-determination theory (SDT)	theory of human motivation in which the social context of an action has an effort on the type of motivation existing for the action	23
5877938332	insulin	a hormone secreted by the pancreas to control the levels of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in the body by reducing the level of glucose in the bloodstream	24
5877938333	glucagons	hormones that are secreted by the pancreas to control the levels of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in the body by increasing the level of glucose in the bloodstream	25
5877938334	weight set point	the particular level of weight the body tries to maintain	26
5877938335	basal metabolic rate (BMR)	the rate at which the body burns energy when the organism is resting	27
5877938336	leptin	a hormone that, when released into the bloodstream, signals the hypothalamus that the body has had enough food and reduces the appetite while increasing the feeling of being full	28
5877938337	anorexia nervosa	a condition in which a person reduces eating to the point that a weight loss of 15 percent below the ideal body weight or more occurs	29
5877938338	bulimia nervosa	a condition in which a person develops a cycle of "binging," or overeating enormous amounts of food at one sitting, and then using unhealthy methods to avoid weight gain	30
5877938339	emotion	the "feeling" aspect of consciousness, characterized by a certain physical arousal, a certain behavior that reveals the emotion to the outside world, and an inner awareness of feelings	31
5877938340	display rules	learned ways of controlling displays of emotion in social settings	32
5877938341	James-Lange theory of emotion	theory in which a physiological reaction leads to the labeling of an emotion. I am afraid because I am shaking	33
5877938342	Cannon-Bard theory of emotion	theory in which the physiological reaction and the emotion are assumed to occur at the same time. I am shaking and afraid at the same time	34
5877938343	Schachter's cognitive arousal theory/ Singer and Schachter's Two Factor	theory of emotion in which both the physical arousal and the labeling of that arousal based on cues from the environment must occur before the emotion is experienced. That huge bear is dangerous and that makes me feel afraid	35
5877938344	facial feedback hypothesis	theory of emotion that assumes that facial expressions provide feedback to the brain concerning the emotion being expressed, which in turn causes and intensifies the emotion	36
5877938346	positive psychology movement	a viewpoint that recommends shifting the focus of psychology away from the negative aspects to a more positive focus on strengths, well-being, and the pursuit of happiness	37
5877975844	Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs	Humanist theory of motivation that says we must first fulfill lower level needs before achieving personal fulfillment and self actualization Physiological-Safety-Belongingness and Love-Esteem-Cognitive-Self Actualization	38
5877975845	ventromedial hypothalamus	stops the eating response; lets us know we are full if damaged, we would continue to eat	39
5877979297	lateral hypothamalus	initiates the eating response; lets us know we are hungry if damaged, we would starve	40
5877999985	Overjustification	when an expected external reward such as money decreases a person's intrinsic motivation to do something. The reading log reward makes you no longer enjoy reading as much as you once did.	41