| 7214262335 | Ad Hominem | An argument based on the failings of an adversary rather than on the merits of the case; a logical fallacy that involves a personal attack |  | 0 |
| 7214262336 | Adjective | The part of speech (or word class) that modifies a noun or a pronoun | | 1 |
| 7214262337 | Adverb | The part of speech (or word class) that modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb | | 2 |
| 7214262338 | Allegory | Extending a metaphor so that objects, persons, and actions in a text are equated with meanings that lie outside the text.
Example: Tortoise and the Hare | | 3 |
| 7214262339 | Alliteration | Repetition of initial consonant sounds | | 4 |
| 7219322997 | Allusion | A brief, usually indirect reference to a person, place, or event--real or fictional | | 5 |
| 7219325612 | Ambiguity | The presence of two or more possible meanings in any passage.
Example: Bat, Ruler. | | 6 |
| 7219327774 | Analogy | Reasoning or arguing from parallel cases | | 7 |
| 7219329298 | Anaphora | The repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or verses | | 8 |
| 7219332520 | Antecedent | The noun or noun phrase referred to by a pronoun. | | 9 |
| 7219334909 | Antithesis | The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases | | 10 |
| 7219337385 | Aphorism | A tersely phrased statement of truth or opinion.
Example: There's no time like the present. | | 11 |
| 7219341152 | Apostrophe | A rhetorical term for breaking off discourse to address some absent person or thing. | | 12 |
| 7219344681 | Appeal to Authority | A fallacy in which a speaker or writer seeks to persuade not by giving evidence but by appealing to the respect of people have for a famous person or institution | | 13 |
| 7219348204 | Appeal to Ignorance | A fallacy that uses an opponent's inability to disprove a conclusion as proof of the conclusion's correctness | | 14 |
| 7219351309 | Argument | A course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating truth or falsehood | | 15 |
| 7219352984 | Assonance | The identity or similarity in sound between internal vowels in neighboring words.
Example: The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plains. | | 16 |
| 7219354697 | Asyndeton | The omission of conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses (opposite of polysyndeton).
Example: He was bag of bones, a floppy doll, a broken stick, a maniac. (Kerouac, On the Road 1957) | | 17 |
| 7219357811 | Character | An individual (usually a person) in a narrative(usually a work of fiction or creative nonfiction) | | 18 |
| 7219360348 | Chiasmus | A verbal pattern in which the second half of an expression is balanced against the first but with the parts reversed.
Example: I meant what I said and said what I meant. | | 19 |
| 7219362458 | Circular Argument | An argument that commits the logical fallacy of assuming what it is attempting to prove. | | 20 |
| 7219364757 | Claim | An arguable statement, which may be a claim of fact, value, or policy | | 21 |
| 7219366172 | Clause | A group of words that contains a subject and a predicate | | 22 |
| 7219368967 | Climax | Mounting by degrees through words or sentences of increasing weight and in parallel construction with an emphasis on the high point or culmination of a series of events | | 23 |
| 7219373665 | Colloquial | Characteristic of writing that seeks the effect of informal informal spoken language as distinct from formal or literary English.
Example: Mom -> Mother
Daddy -> Father | | 24 |
| 7219377829 | Comparison | A rhetorical strategy in which a writer examines similarities and or differences between two people, places, ideas, or objects | | 25 |
| 7219382022 | Complement | A word or word group that completes the predicate in a sentence | | 26 |
| 7219383908 | Concession | An argumentative strategy by which a speaker or writer acknowledges the validity of an opponent's point. | | 27 |
| 7219388426 | Confirmation | The main part of a text in which logical arguments in support of a position are elaborated | | 28 |
| 7219392459 | Conjunction | The part of speech (or word class) that serves to connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences | | 29 |
| 7219395597 | Connotation | The emotional implications and associations that a word may carry | | 30 |
| 7219396613 | Coordination | The grammatical connection of two or more ideas to give them equal emphasis and importance. Contrast with subordination | | 31 |
| 7219398589 | Deduction | A method of reasoning in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the stated premises | | 32 |
| 7219401056 | Denotation | The direct or dictionary meaning of a word, in contrast to its figurative or associated meanings | | 33 |
| 7219403602 | Dialect | A regional or social variety of language distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, and or vocabulary | | 34 |
| 7219406157 | Diction | The choice and use of words in speech or writing | | 35 |
| 7219408208 | Diction | A way of speaking, usually assessed in terms of prevailing standards of pronunciation and elocution | | 36 |
| 7219411521 | Aphorism | A brief statement of a principle | | 37 |
| 7219412140 | Didactic | Intended or inclined to teach or instruct, often excessively | | 38 |
| 7219413651 | Encomium | A tribute or eulogy in prose or verse gloryifying people, objects, ideas or events | | 39 |
| 7219417295 | Epiphora/Epistrophe | The repetition of a word or phrase at the end of several clauses | | 40 |
| 7219419740 | Epitaph | A short inscription in prose or verse on a tombstone or monument | | 41 |
| 7219422137 | Epitaph | A statement or speech commemorating someone who has died; a funeral oration | | 42 |
| 7219425841 | Ethos | A persuasive appeal based on the projected character of the speaker or narrator | | 43 |
| 7219427708 | Eulogy | A formal expression of praise for someone who has recently died | | 44 |
| 7219429363 | Euphemism | The substitution of an inoffensive term for one considered offensively explicit | | 45 |
| 7219432162 | Exposition | A statement or type of composition intended to give information about (or an explanation of) an issue, subject, method, or idea | | 46 |
| 7219437094 | Extended Metaphor | A comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem | | 47 |
| 7219441688 | Fallacy | An error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid | | 48 |
| 7219442659 | False Dilemma | A fallacy of oversimplification that offers a limited number of options (usually two) when in fact more options are available | | 49 |
| 7219446417 | Figurative Language | Language which figures of speech (such as metaphors, similes, and hyperbole) freely occur | | 50 |
| 7219450955 | Flashback | A shift in narrative to earlier event that interrupts the normal chronological development of a story | | 51 |
| 7219454438 | Genre | A category of artistic composition, as in film or literature, marked by a distinctive style, form, or contact | | 52 |
| 7219460329 | Hasty Generalization | A fallacy in which a conclusion is not logically justified by sufficient or unbiased evidence | | 53 |
| 7219462055 | Hyperbole | A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect; an extravagant statement | | 54 |
| 7219465308 | Imagery | Vivid descriptive language that appeals to one or more of the senses | | 55 |
| 7219467982 | Induction | A method of reasoning by which a rhetor collects a number of instances and forms a generalization that is meant to apply to all instances | | 56 |
| 7219472102 | Invective | Denunciatory or abusive language; discourse that casts blame on somebody or something | | 57 |
| 7219472856 | Irony | The use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning. A statement or situation where the meaning is directly contradicted by the appearance o presentation of the idea | | 58 |
| 7219479135 | Isocolon | A succession of phrases of approximately equal length and corresponding structure | | 59 |
| 7222083896 | Jargon | The specialized language of a professional, occupational, or other group, often meaningless to outsiders | | 60 |
| 7222083897 | Litotes | A figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite | | 61 |
| 7222083898 | Loose Sentence | A sentence structure in which a main clause is followed by subordinate phrases and clauses. Contrast with periodic sentence | | 62 |
| 7222083899 | Metaphor | A figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something important in common | | 63 |
| 7222083900 | Metonymy | A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated (such as "crown" for "royalty" | | 64 |
| 7222083901 | Mode of discourse | They way in which information is presented in a text. The four traditional modes are narration, description, exposition, and argument | | 65 |
| 7222083902 | Mood | The quality of a verb that conveys the writers attitude toward a subject | | 66 |
| 7222083903 | Mood | The emotion evoked by a text | | 67 |
| 7222083904 | Narrative | A rhetorical strategy that recounts a sequence of events, usually in chronological order | | 68 |
| 7222083905 | Noun | The part of speech (or world class) that is used to name a person, place, thing, quality, or action | | 69 |
| 7222083906 | Onomatopoeia | The formation of use of words that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to | | 70 |
| 7222083907 | Oxymoron. | A figure of speech in which incongruous or contradictory terms appear side by side | | 71 |
| 7222083908 | Paradox | A statement that appears to contradict itself | | 72 |
| 7222083909 | Parallelism | The similarity of a structure in a or series of related words, phrases, or clauses | | 73 |
| 7222083910 | Parody | A literary or artistic work that imitates the characteristic style of an author or a work for comic effect or ridicule | | 74 |
| 7292457179 | Pathos | The means of persuasion that appeals to the audience's emotions | | 75 |
| 7292460194 | Periodic Sentence | A long and frequently involved sentence, marked by suspended syntax, in which the sense is not completed until the final word--usually with an emphatic climax | | 76 |
| 7292471518 | Personification | A figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstraction is endowed with human qualities or abilities | | 77 |
| 7292477356 | Point of View | The perspective from which a speaker of writer tells a story or presents information. | | 78 |
| 7292481891 | Predicate | One of the two main parts of a sentence or clause, modifying the subject and including the verb, objects, or phrases governed by the verb. | | 79 |
| 7292489546 | Pronoun | A word (a part of speech or word class) that takes the place of a noun. | | 80 |
| 7292493092 | Prose | Ordinary writing (both fiction and nonfiction) as distinguished from the verse | | 81 |
| 7292497824 | Refutation | The part of an argument wherein a speaker or writer anticipates and counters opposing points of view. | | 82 |
| 7292502500 | Repetition | An instance of using a word, phrase, or clause more than once in a short passage--dwelling on a point. | | 83 |
| 7292510749 | Rhetoric | The study and practice of effective communication | | 84 |
| 7292516791 | Rhetorical Question | A question merely for effect with no answer expected | | 85 |
| 7292518729 | Running Style | Sentence style that appears to follow the mind as it worries as problem through, mimicking the "rambling, associative syntax of conversation"--Opposite of periodic sentence style. | | 86 |
| 7292541237 | Sarcasm | A mocking, often ironic or satirical remark. | | 87 |
| 7292542788 | Satire | A text or performance that uses irony, derision, or wit to expose or attack human vice, foolishness, or stupidity | | 88 |
| 7292547857 | Simile | A figure of speech in which two fundamentally unlike things are explicitly compared, usually in a phrase introduced by "like" or "as" | | 89 |
| 7292554656 | Style | Narrowly interpreted as those figures that ornament speech or writing; broadly, as representing manifestation of the person speaking or writing | | 90 |
| 7292560580 | Subject | The part of the sentence or clause that indicates what it is about | | 91 |
| 7292563185 | Syllogism | A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion | | 92 |
| 7292567776 | Subordination | Words, phrases, and clauses that make one element of a sentence dependent on (or subordinate to) another. Contrast with coordination. | | 93 |
| 7292573923 | Symbol | A person, place, action, or thing that (by association, resemblance, or convention) represents something other than itself | | 94 |
| 7292581231 | Synecdoche | A figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole or the whole for a part
Examples: Dish (referring to a whole plate of food)
Hand (for help) | | 95 |
| 7292587197 | Syntax | The study of the rules that govern the way words combine to form phrases, clauses, and sentences | | 96 |
| 7292591424 | Syntax | The arrangement of words in sentence | | 97 |
| 7292611614 | Thesis | The main idea of an essay or report, often written as a single declarative sentence. | | 98 |
| 7292616169 | Tone | A writer's attitude toward the subject and audience. Primarily conveyed through diction, point of view, syntax, and level of formality. | | 99 |
| 7292623645 | Transition | The connection between two parts of a piece of writing, contributing to coherence. | | 100 |
| 7292634380 | Understatement | A figure of speech in which a writer deliberately makes a situation seem less important or serios than it is. | | 101 |
| 7292640636 | Verb | The part of speech ( or word class) that describes an action or occurrence or indicates a state of being. | | 102 |
| 7292645308 | Voice | The quality of a verb that indicates whether its subject acts (active voice) or is acted upon (passive voice). | | 103 |
| 7292652420 | Voice | The distinctive style or manner of expression of an author or narrator | | 104 |
| 7292656896 | Zeugma | The use of a word to modify or govern two or more words although its use may be grammatically or logically correct with only one.
Example: She was upstairs, and her children downstairs. | | 105 |
