| CourseNotes

AP World History Chapter 9 Strayer Flashcards

940906987	An Lushan	Foreign-born general who led a major revolt against the Tang dynasty in 755-763, perhaps provoking China's turn to xenophobia	0
940906988	Chinese Buddhism	China's only large-scale cultural borrowing before the 20th century. Buddhism entered China from India in the first and second centuries C.E but only became popular between 300-800 C.E through a series of cultural accommodations. At first supported by the state, Buddhism suffered persecution during the 9th century but continued to play a role in Chinese society.	1
940906989	Bushido	The "way of the warrior", referring to the military virtues of the Japanese samurai, including bravery, loyalty and an emphasis on death over surrender	2
940906990	Chu Nom	A variation of Chinese writing developed in Vietnam that became the basis for an independent national literature; "southern script"	3
940906991	Foot Binding	Chinese practice of tightly wrapping girls' feet to keep them small. Begun in the tang dynasty; an emphasis on small size and de;icacy was central to views of female beauty.	4
940906992	Hangul	A phonetic alphabet created in Korea in the fifteenth century	5
940906993	Kami	Sacred spirits of Japan, whether ancestors or natural phenomenon; their worship later came to be called Shinto	6
940906994	Heian	Japan's second capital city(now known as Kyoto), modeled on the Chinese capital of Chang'an; also used to describe the period of Japanese history from 794 to 1192 C.E	7
940906995	Hangzhou	China's capital city during the Song dynasty, with a population of more than a million people	8
940906996	Jurchen	A nomadic people that established a state that included parts of northern China	9
940906997	Koryo	Korean dynasty (918-1392)	10
940906998	Murasaki Shikibu	Perhaps Japan's greatest author, a woman active at the Heian court who is best known for "The Tale of Genji", which she wrote around 1000 C.E	11
940906999	Khitan	A nomadic people who established a state that included parts of northern china (901-1125)	12
940907000	Nara	Japan's first capital city modeled on the Chinese capital city of Chang'an	13
940907001	Kumsong	The capital of Korea in the medieval era, modeled on the Chinese capital of Chang'an	14
940907002	Pure Land Buddhism	A school of Buddhism that proved to be immensely popular in China; emphasized salvation by faith in the Amitabha Buddha	15
940907003	Silla dynasty	The first ruling dynasty to bring a measure of political unity to the Korean peninsula (688-900ce)	16
940907004	Neo-Confucianism	A philosophy that emerged in Song-dynasty China; it revived Confucian thinking while adding in Buddhist and Daoist elements	17
940907005	Shotoku Taishi	Japanese statesman (572-622) who launched the drive to make Japan into a centralized bureaucratic state modeled on China; he is best known for the Seventeen Article Constitution,which lays out the principles of this reform.	18
940907006	Samurai	Members of Japan's warrior class, which developed as political power became increasingly decentralized	19
940907007	Song Dynasty Economic Revolution	A major economic quickening that took place in China under the Song dynasty (960-1279ce) marked by rapid population growth, urbanization, economic specialization, the development of an immense network of internal waterways, and a great increase in industrial production and innovation	20
940907008	Tribute System	Chinese method of dealing with foreign lands and people's that assumed the subordination of all non-Chinese authorities and required the payment of tribute --produce of value from their countries--to the Chinese emperor(although the Chines gifts given in return were often much more valuable).	21
940907009	Tanka	Highly stylized form of Japanese poetry that has been a favored means of expression for centuries	22
940907010	Sui Dynasty	Ruling dynasty of China (589-618ce) that effectively reunited the country after several centuries of political fragmentation	23
940907011	Tang Dynasty	Ruling dynasty of China from (618-907ce) noted for its openness to foreign cultural influence	24
940907012	Trung Sisters	Two Vietnamese sisters who launched a major revolt against the Chinese presence in Vietnam in 39ce;.the rebellion was crushed and the sisters committed suicide, but they remained symbols of Vietnamese resistance to China for centuries.	25
940907013	Yi	Korean Dynasty (1392-1910)	26
940907014	Xiongnu	Major nomadic confederacy that was established around 200 bce. and eventually reached from Manchuria to Central Asia	27
940907015	Uighurs	Turkic empire of the steppes, flourished in the 8th century	28
940907016	Wendi, Emperor	Sui emperor (581-604) who particularly patronized Buddhism	29

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

5860353349	East Africa	Where was the earliest known, fully human species?	0
5860366273	Hunting and Gathering	What method of finding food came before agriculture?	1
5860378314	Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age)	What age makes up most of the time our species has existed?	2
5860387383	Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age)	In what age did simple tool use, fire, erect stature, and a larger brain size emerge?	3
5860400120	Culture	What is a system of belief that helped explain the environment and set up rules for various social behaviors?	4
5860408327	Mesolithic Age (Middle Stone Age)	What age occured from 12,000- 8,000 BC and had fishing, pots and baskets for food storage, and animal domestication?	5
5860423575	Neolithic Age (New Stone Age)	In what age did agriculture, stationary settlements, economy, politics, and religion develop?	6
5860430446	Agriculture	What occurred during the Neolithic Revolution due to population increase and the decrease of big game animals?	7
5860436689	Middle East	Where was farming initially developed?	8
5860446721	Bronze Age	In what age did metalworking replace stone tools?	9
5860455007	Slash and burn agriculture	What agriculture method burned off trees, farmed intensely for a few years, then left depleated soil?	10
5860464180	Catal Huyuk	What was the neolithic village in Turkey that is one of the oldest remaining sites of civilization?	11
5860469807	Tigris and Euphrates river valley	Where was the first civilization?	12
5860475851	Tigris and Euphrates, Egypt, Indus River, China, and Central America	What were the 5 original civilizations?	13
5860491939	Cuneiform	What was the first writing developed in the Middle East in 3500 BC?	14
5860497620	Mesopotamia	What was the name of the first civilization?	15
5860501118	Ziggurats	What was the first monumental architecture?	16
5860505221	City States	How was Mesopotamia politically organized?	17
5860507916	King Hammurabi	Who created the first law code?	18
5860517476	Phoenicians	Who created the 22 letter alphabet in 1300 BC that inspire Greek and Latin?	19
5860524211	Judaism	What was the first clearly developed monotheistic religion?	20
5860591071	Pastoralists	What is the name for nomadic herders?	21
5912968928	Syncretism	What is a combination of cultural elements resulting from a signifigant contact between cultures?	22
5912978576	Confucianism	What is the name of the patriarichal ethical system in China recorded in the Analects?	23
5913008043	Zhou, Qin, Han	What is the order of the Classical Chinese dynasties?	24
5913016837	Daoism	What religion believes in nature's harmony and that individuals should seek a way called the Dao?	25
5913021001	Shi Huangdi	Who was the tyranical ruler of the Qin dynasty?	26
5913027266	Wu Ti	Who was the Han ruler who created the examination system for bureaucrats?	27
5913031796	Middle Kingdom	What was the settlement from the Huanghe to the Yangtze river called in Classical China?	28
5913059583	Warring States Period	What is the name of the era from 402-201 BC where the Zhou dynasty in China was declining?	29
5913064922	Qin Dynasty	Durring which dynasty was the Great Wall built originally?	30
5913082205	Legalism	What is the name of the political view durring the Qin and Han dynasties that favored and authoritarian state where the army would control and the people would labor?	31
5913100022	Han dynasty	In what Chinese dynasty was paper invented?	32
5952767035	Vedic and Epic	What were the two ages of classical India?	33
5952775193	Brahmans	Who were the Vedic priests who were the highest in the caste system at the time?	34
5952780213	Siddhartha Guatama	Who created Buddhism?	35
5952785888	Varnas	What is the name of the Hindu caste system?	36
5952799278	Ashoka	What Mauryan leader converted to and popularized Buddhism in India?	37
5952810677	Aryans	What group invaded India, beginning the classical period?	38
5952821284	Vedas	What were the literary epics developed by the Aryans in Sanskrit?	39
6173346459	Alexander the Great	Who was the Greek leader who forged a military empire over 13 years, briefly controlling Persia, and spread Greek culture in the Classical Period?	40
6173350124	Zoroastrianism	What was the religion created in Persia by Cyrus the Great in the Classical Period?	41
6173353999	City-states	What were the regional governments called in Classical Greece? (Greek term was polis)	42
6173356827	Sparta and Athens	What were the 2 leading city-states in Classical Greece?	43
6173359809	Peloponnesian War	In what war did Athens and Sparta fight for control of Greece?	44
6173366585	Twelve Tables	What was the first Roman code of law that restrained the upperclass from arbitrary action?	45
6173384167	Rome	Which Classical Civilization used the strategy of bread and circuses where the people are kept fed and entertained to prevent revolts?	46
6173396500	Invasion	What was the common cause for the collapse of all 3 Classical civilizations?	47
6173403191	Constantine	Who ruled Rome in the 300s CE and tried to spiritually unite the empire under Christianity?	48
6173408357	Benedictine Rule	What was created by Benedict to encourage prayer, hard work, and education?	49
6182825805	Bedouins	What were the Arabic nomadic cultures based on camel and goat farming in the Postclassical period?	50
6182835675	Ka'ba	What is the name of the religious shrine in Mecca?	51
6182839091	Muhammad	Who was the founder of Islam?	52
6182842883	Hijra	What is the name of Muhammad's flight to Medina in 622?	53
6182848583	Five Pillars	What is the name for the 5 rules of Islam?	54
6182854099	Caliph	What is the title for the political and religious successors to Muhammad?	55
6182868208	Jihads	What was the name of the Islamic wars in the Postclassical period that expanded territory but was not an attempt to spread Islam?	56
6182873846	Shi'a	Which branch of Islam wanted Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, Ali, to be caliph? (Family over competency)	57
6182887399	Sunni	Which branch of Islam thought Abu Bakr, the first caliph, deserved to be caliph? (Competency over family)	58
6182903011	Dhimmi	What was the name of the "people of the book" or Christians and Jews living in the Muslim empire?	59
6182913941	Abbasid	What empire took over after the fall of the Umayyads?	60
6182926814	Umayyad	What clan was the ruling elite in pre-Islamic Arabia?	61
6183053778	Sufis	Who were the Islamic wandering mystics who helped spread Islam in the Postclassical period?	62
6183061800	India	Where were Arabic numerals created?	63
6183078150	Jerusalem	What city was taken from the Islamic empire in 1099 in the Crusades?	64
6183079601	Dhows	What were the ships with lateen sails that helped to spread Islam in the postclassical period?	65
6363876680	Secret Societies	Who controlled the customs and beliefs and limited rulers in Post Classical African societies?	66
6363886269	Bantu	What people spread across the African continent providing a linguistic base?	67
6363897553	Abbasids	What muslim dynasty spread Islam to North Africa in the 600s?	68
6363908692	Ghana	Which was the first of the Sudanic states?	69
6363914535	Griots	What was the name for professional oral historians in Post classical Africa?	70
6363923855	Mansa Musa	What king from Mali brought Muslim attention to Mali when he went on the hajj?	71
6363938296	Swahili	What language was created when Arabic and Bantu languages mixed?	72
6363946885	Great Zimbabwe	What is the largest surviving site of the kingdom of Kongo?	73
6363971874	Christian	Communities of what religion popped up in Post Classical Axum, Egypt, and Nubia?	74
6364017159	Constantinople	What was the capital of the Byzantine Empire?	75
6364022908	Haiga Sophia	What church was built in the Byzantine Empire by Justinian?	76
6364025571	Justinian	Who ruled Byzantium and tried to reconquer old western Roman territory?	77
6364033269	Basil II	What Byzantine emperor defeated Bulgaria in 1014?	78
6364040812	Icon	What is the name for paintings of Christian religious figures?	79
6364049077	The Great Schism	What was the name of Byzantium splitting from Roman Catholocism?	80
6364055703	Eastern Orthodox Christianity	What new religion was created in the great schism?	81
6364061400	Cyrillic	What language was created by missionaries, Cyril and Methodius in the Czech and Slovak republics in 864?	82
6364072947	Kievan Rus'	What kingdom was created in eastern Europe by Scandanavians in the 6th and 7th centuries?	83
6364080211	Rurik	Who was the first prince of Kievan Rus'?	84
6364087239	Turks	Who did Constantinople fall to in 1453?	85
6364090516	Yaroslav	Who was the last Kievan prince, who codified the law?	86
6364094407	Mongols	Who invaded and gained control Kievan Rus'?	87
6368423437	Manorialism	What is the system of economic and political relations between landlords and peasant laborers (serfs)?	88
6368430508	Serfs	What is the name for agricultural workers who were tied to the land they worked and were controlled by landlords?	89
6368437759	Clovis	Who was the Roman warrior chieftain who converted Rome to Christianity in 496 CE?	90
6368445460	Charlemagne	Who was the powerful ruler who established his empire in France and Germany around 800?	91
6368456515	William the Conqueror	Who was the Duke of Normandy who invaded England in 1066 and introduced the feudal system?	92
6368462211	Magna Carta	What document, also called the Great Charter, was created by English King John in 1215 confirmed feudal rights against the monarchy and checked the king's power?	93
6368471593	Hundred Years War	What war was fought in the 14th and 15th centuries between England and France over English territories in France?	94
6368484274	Reconquista	What is the name for the movement in Spain to remove Muslims in the 10th century?	95
6368489570	1095	When was the 1st crusade?	96
6368494001	Gothic	What was the architecture style in western Europe in the 12th-16th centuries?	97
6368503070	Guilds	What is the name for groups of people in the same business or trade in a city that stressed mutual control?	98
6368512528	Scholasticism	What was the dominant school of thought based in education in Western Europe in the middle ages?	99
6368535555	Catholic church	Who controlled education in the middle ages?	100
6475578927	Tenochtitlan	What was the capital of the Aztec empire?	101
6475586257	Chinampas	What were the artificial floating islands used by Aztecs for agriculture?	102
6475592065	Calpulli	What were the Aztec clans called?	103
6475595617	The Great Speaker	Who was chosen from the nobility of the Aztecs to be the emperor of Tenochtitlan?	104
6475604562	Inca	What was the ruler of the Incas called?	105
6475607676	Split Inheritance	What was the concept of Inca rulers passing on power after death but his possessions remained so ancestors could worship the mummy?	106
6475619065	Mita	What was the Inca labor system of communities taking turns doing labor for the government?	107
6475626494	Quipa	What was the name of the Inca system of knotted strings to record data?	108
6475638891	Aztecs	Which pre-colonial American group did the most human sacrifice?	109
6475650938	Toltecs	Which group preceded the Aztecs?	110
6475665814	Yangdi	Who was the Sui emperor who upgraded Confucian education, was overly extravagant, and was assassinated after failing to conquer Korea?	111
6475678210	Jinshi	What class of people passed the difficult Chinese literature exams and began dignitaries in Tang China?	112
6475684254	Emperor Wuzong	What Tang emperor persecuted Buddhists in the 800s?	113
6475689453	Tang	What Chinese dynasty was geographically largest?	114
6475695220	Neo-Confucians	What group of Confucians revived ancient Confucian teachings in the Song dynasty and threatened the Buddhists?	115
6475707834	Song	In what dynasty did foot binding begin?	116
6475735019	Taika Reforms	What reforms were introduced in Japan in 646 to make culture more Chinese?	117
6475735020	Heian	Where was the new Japanese capital that outlawed Buddhist monasteries in the city?	118
6475738363	Bushi	Who were the warrior leaders who administered law, supervised public works, and collected revenue in the Japanese feudal system?	119
6475745445	Samurai	Who were the mounted troops in the Bushi armies?	120
6475749536	Seppuku	What is the name for traditional Japanese ritual suicide?	121
6475759366	Minamoto	What Japanese clan ruled during the age of warlords with the bakufu?	122
6475763924	Bakufu	What was the name for the Minamoto military government in Japan in the 13th century?	123
6475779506	Shoguns	Who were the military leaders of the bakufu?	124
6475787131	Daimyos	Who ruled the 300 little kingdoms of Japan during the Ashikaga Shogunate and served the same rule as the bushi?	125
6475801755	Sinification	What is the name for the extensive adoption of Chinese culture?	126
6475811138	Trung Sisters	What women led the revolt in Vietnam against the invading Chinese in 39 CE?	127
6475825515	Buddhism	What religion did Korea prefer during its Chinese tribute period?	128
6475838443	Shintoism	What was the most popular religion in Japan before sinification?	129
6490561518	Ghengis Khan	Who was the leader of the Mongols?	130
6490565718	Khanates	The mongol territory was divided into 4 sections each ruled by a different person, called...	131
6490576117	Golden Horde	What was the name of the Mongol armies that attacked Russia and Europe?	132
6490582296	Moscow	What Russian city profitted off being a tribute collector for the Mongols?	133
6490589264	Hulegu	Which of Ghengis' grandsons tried to conquer the Islamic world and sacked Baghdad?	134
6490595063	Kubilai	Which of Ghengis' grandsons led campaigns against Song China?	135
6490607274	Yuan	What Chinese dynasty did the Mongols create in 1271?	136
6490612041	White Lotus Society	What secret religious sect overthrew the Yuan dynasty?	137
6490617107	Timur-i Lang	Who was the Turkish nomad following Ghengis who tried to create an empire through barbaric destruction?	138
6490623470	Tolerant	Were the Mongols religiously tolerant or intolerant?	139
6490631640	Chinese	Who invented the compass?	140
6490634829	Zhenghe	Who led the extensive Chinese expeditions before they were stopped in 1433 due to costs?	141
6490639163	Ming	Which chinese dynasty led maritime expeditions in the 14th-15th centuries?	142
6490658732	Vasco da Gama	Who was the 1st person to sail from Europe to India in 1498?	143
6490661971	Henry the Navigator	What prince of Portugal sponsored 1/3 of Portugese voyages before 1460?	144
6494785904	Ottoman Turks	Who took over the old caliphate and the Byzantine empire?	145
6490676611	Silver	What was the global currency of the early modern period?	146
6490683564	France, England, and Holland	What European countries led exploration in the 16th century?	147
6490688789	Spain and Portugal	What European countries led exploration before the 16th century?	148
6490692690	Trading Companies	What had monopolies of trade for their country in designated regions?	149
6490699232	Battle of Lepanto	In what battle did Spain beat the Ottoman Empire's navy, ending Muslim rivalry against Europe's navy?	150
6490710615	The Columbian Exchange	What is the name for the exchange of food, animals, goods, and diseases across the Atlantic?	151
6490716693	Mercantilism	What is the economic strategy of more exports than imports (favorable balance of trade)?	152
6490725459	Vasco de Balboa	Who founded the 1st colony in Panama?	153
6490729105	Francisco Pizarro	What spanish conquistador settled in Hispaniola and attacked the Incas?	154
6490737574	Treaty of Paris	What treaty ended the Seven Years War between Britain and France in 1763 with France loosing Canadian territory?	155
6490750860	Boers	Who were the Dutch farmers who settled in the Cape of Good Hope?	156
6494836435	Italy	In what country did the Renaissance begin?	157
6494838086	Humanism	What is the Renaissance idea of focusing on humans as the center of intellectual and artistic endeavor?	158
6494845784	Johannes Gutenberg	Who created the 1st movable type printing press in Europe based off Chinese technology?	159
6494851328	Martin Luther	Who protested the Catholic practice of selling grants of salvation and began the Protestant reformation?	160
6494858097	Protestantism	What is the name for the general wave of religious dissent against Catholicism in England in the 16th century?	161
6494867704	Calvinism	What religion founded in France in the 16th century insisted on God's prior determination of those who would be saved?	162
6494873205	Catholic Reformation	What was the movement of reviving Catholic doctrine to strengthen against Protestants?	163
6494886913	Jesuits	What was the new Catholic religious order active in politics, education, and missionary work during the Catholic Reformation?	164
6494903386	Edict of Nantes	What document granted religious tolerance to protestants in France in 1598?	165
6494906432	English Civil War	What war led to limited tolerance for protestants but not Catholics in England?	166
6494912208	Proletariats	What is the term for people without access to wealth-producing land?	167
6494918021	Scientific Revolution	What movement in 17th century Western Europe led to an increase in scientific discovery?	168
6494926108	Enlightenment	What movement centered in France supported science, social science, economics, and philosophy?	169
6494936169	Mary Wollstonecraft	Who is considered to be the 1st feminist in Western Europe?	170
6494991993	Ivan the Great	What Russian tsar freed most of Russia from the Mongols?	171
6494968010	Cossacks	Who were the Russian pioneers in Siberia?	172
6494970199	Ivan the Terrible	What Russian tsar died without an heir, causing the time of troubles?	173
6495007308	Romanov Dynasty	What Russian dynasty began after the Time of Troubles with Michael?	174
6494977440	Peter the Great	What Russian tsar facilitated selective westernization?	175
6494983623	Pugachev rebellion	What was the large peasant uprising during the reign of Catherine the Great?	176
6494997615	Partition of Poland	What divided Poland between Russia, Austria, and Prussia in 1772?	177
6495018987	Encomiendas	What were the Latin American grants of American Indian laborers based off of the mita system?	178
6495028310	Hernan Cortes	What Spaniard led the 1st expedition to Mexico in 1519?	179
6495033480	Potosi	What silver mine was developed in Peru that exploited native american laborers?	180
6495037153	Huancavelica	What was the mercury mine that was used to mine silver in Peru?	181
6495041105	Haciendas	What were the rural estates in Latin America that produced goods primarily for America?	182
6495046925	Treaty of Tordesillas	What treaty between Spain and Portugal divided up Latin America?	183
6495052132	Sugar	What was the most important crop of Latin America?	184
6495058181	Mestizos	What was the term for people of mixed Native American and European race?	185
6495061340	Mulattos	What was the term for people of mixed African and European race?	186
6495066149	Peninsulates	What was the term for Europeans in Latin America born in Iberia?	187
6495068719	Creoles	What was the Latin American term for Europeans born in America?	188
6495085012	Bourbon Reforms	What were the reforms led by the Bourbon monarchs in Spain?	189
6561784616	Factories	What were the forts and trading posts on the African coast established by Portugal to facilitate trade of goods and slaves?	190
6561793094	Sugar	What American crop increased the need for the slave trade the most?	191
6561797094	Women	Who were traded the most in the trans-saharan trade?	192
6561799554	Indies piece	What was the name for a healthy slave man? Women and children were worth a fraction of this.	193
6561809256	Fulani	What is the term for the pastoral people in Western Sudan?	194
6561811584	Voortrekkers	Who were the Boers who moved to the north to get away from the British settlers?	195
6561816146	Middle Passage	What was the name for the slave voyage to the Americas?	196
6561817890	Manumission	What is the term for the voluntary freeing of slaves?	197
6561819844	Brazil	What was the last American country to abolish slavery in 1888?	198
6561825513	Portugal	What European country started the slave trade?	199
6561859956	Mongols	The Ottomans took over Anatolia after the invasion of who?	200
6561862455	Janissaries	What were the Ottoman infantry divisions made of mostly adolescent boys?	201
6561864925	Vizir	Who was the Ottoman advisor who had more control than the sultan?	202
6561866259	Constantinople	What was the capital of the Ottoman empire?	203
6561871700	Sunni	What type of Islam were the Ottomans?	204
6561872888	Shi'a	What type of Islam were the Safavids?	205
6561875131	Chaldiran	What battle between the Ottomans and Safavids confined the Safavids to the same area from then on?	206
6561880530	Babur	Who founded the Mughal dynasty?	207
6561884399	Akbar	What Mughal ruler created the new religion of Din-i-Ilahi, discouraged child marige, and prohibited sati?	208
6561887621	Hinduism and Islam	What 2 religions were combined in Akbar's new religion, Din-i-Ilahi?	209
6561890733	Taj Mahal	What famous Indian building is actually a tomb the wife of a Mughal ruler?	210
6611699153	Mercantilists	What is the name for economic theorists in the age of exploration?	211
6611708225	Jesuits	What was the group that tried to convert Indians to Christianity in the age of exploration?	212
6611719850	Isolation	Ming China had a policy of ___________________ after Zhenghe's exploration.	213
6611727748	Christian Missionaries	Japan began isolating themselves during the Tokugawa Shogunate because they felt threatened by the influence of who?	214
6611739324	Java	Where was the most important Dutch colony in Asia?	215
6611741887	Tokugawa Shogunate	What shogunate united Japan's 300 kingdoms in 1603?	216
6611747994	Potato	What food from the Americas helped grow Europe's population the most during the Columbian Exchange?	217
6611754178	Protoindustrialism	What is the economic system where people produce textiles and metal from home but in a capitalist system?	218
6611759957	Bastille Prison	What prison was raided in the French Revolution?	219
6611768249	The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen	What document written at the beginning of the French Revolution that proclaimed inaliable rights and inspired the Declaration of Independence?	220
6611778154	Guillotine	What was used to execute political opponents during the French Revolution?	221
6611782638	Reign of Terror	What was the name for the radical killing of political opponents in the French Revolution?	222
6611796473	Maximilien Robspierre	Who led the radical phase of the French Revolution until he was executed for executing too many people?	223
6611801782	Napoleon Bonaparte	Who took power in France in 1799 and took over most of Western Europe in his autocratic empire?	224
6611813016	Karl Marx	Who redefined socialism arguing revolution was inevitable in history?	225
6611826730	Toussaint L'Overture	Who led the Haitian revolution, based on other enlightenment revolutions?	226
6611833925	Berlin Confrence	During what meeting did European leaders divide up Africa among themselves?	227
6691774213	Raj	What is the term for the British political establishment in India?	228
6691785849	Nabobs	Who were the british businessmen who made great fortunes by cheating the British East India company and exploiting the peasants and artisans?	229
6691800494	Tropical Dependencies	What were the colonies ruled by a small number of Europeans who controled a large native population?	230
6691809929	White Dominions	What were the colonies that had a population of mostly Europeans because the natives had died off?	231
6691890109	British	Who won the Boer war?	232
6691894128	Captain James Cook	Who opened Hawaii to the west?	233
6691907629	Sepoys	Who were the Indian soldiers in the British army?	234
6691942877	Simone Bolivar	Who led the South American independence movement and created Gran Colombia?	235
6691966258	Caudillos	Who were the independent leaders who dominated local areas and government in Mexico?	236
6692001775	Monroe Doctrine	What was America's decleration that European attempts to colonize the Americas would be concidered unfriendly by the US?	237
6692026309	Mainifest Destiny	What was the US belief that it was destined to rule the whole continent?	238
6692032680	Mexican-American War	What war was faught because of America annexing Texas and trying to annex California?	239
6692049167	Benito Juarez	Who was Mexico's leading liberal politition in the 1800s?	240
6692062974	Mazamilian von Habsburg	Who was the Austrian archduke who took the throne of Mexico?	241
6723987537	Tanzimat Reforms	What reforms in the mid 1800s westernized the Ottoman Empire?	242
6723996942	Young Turks	What group staged a bloodless coup in the Ottoman Empire in 1908?	243
6724000224	Muhammad Ali	Who ruled Egypt after Napoleon withdrew in 1801?	244
6724004820	Khedives	Who were Muhammad Ali's decendants who ruled Egypt?	245
6724008708	British	Who ruled Egypt on top of the Khedives?	246
6724011875	Manchus	What ethnic group ruled the Qing dynasty?	247
6724013915	Opium	What drug caused wars between China and Britain?	248
6724020707	Taiping Rebellion	What quasi-Christian rebellion aimed to end Confucianism in Qing China?	249
6724024641	Boxer Rebellion	What Qing-backed rebellion aimed to expel foreigners?	250
6724062915	Decembrist Uprising	What was the revolt of Western-thinking army officers in Russia in 1825?	251
6724068593	Pogroms	What was the name for mass attacks of Jews in Russia in the 1800s?	252
6724072660	Lenin	Who innovated Marxism to work in Russia?	253
6724074146	Bolsheviks	What was the Marxist group that supported Lenin?	254
6724077627	Duma	What was the name of tsarist Russia's parliament that had little power?	255
6724082838	Mathew Perry	What American used threats of bombardment to open Japan up to trade in the 1850s?	256
6724090957	Meiji Restoration	What Japanese reforms in the 1850s westernized Japan?	257
6724097076	Sino-Japanese War	What war was fought between China and Japan over Korea in the 1890s?	258
6724132736	Jingoism	What is the term for warlike nationalist sentiments in middle and working class Europe before WWI?	259
6724141549	Armenian Genocide	What was the 1st major genocide of the 20th century, begun by the Young Turks?	260
6724146625	Treaty of Versailles	What treaty ended WWI	261
6724148927	Nationalist Congress Party	What party led the Indian independence movement?	262
6724155114	Dinshawai Incident	What small clash in Egypt showed Britain's racial ignorance?	263
6724160093	Balfour Decleration	What promised Palestine to the Jews?	264
6724161688	Zionists	What group promoted Jews migrating to Palestine?	265
6724166917	League of Nations	What international organization was founded after WWI to try to prevent any more world wars?	266
6724232359	Benito Mussolini	Who created fascism in Italy in 1919?	267
6724238457	Pacho Villa and Emiliano Zapata	Who were the 2 men who led revolts in the Mexican Revolution?	268
6724244482	PRI	What was the dominant political party in Mexico until the 90s?	269
6724247471	Red Army	What was the name of Russia's military?	270
6724249098	Stalin	Who was Lenin's successor?	271
6724253219	Comintern	What organization did the Soviet Union set up to encourage communism in other countries?	272
6724257549	Sun Yat-sen	Who headed the nationalist Chinese revolt in 1911?	273
6724262848	May Fourth Movement	What movement used mass demonstrations in major Chinese cities to get a liberal democracy in 1919?	274
6724267440	Guomindang	What was China's nationalist party called?	275
6724272870	Chiang Kai-Shek	Who took over the Guomindang after Sun died?	276
6724275796	Mao Zedong	Who led China's communist movement?	277
6724278166	New Deal	What was the series of programs set up by FDR in America to help the economy in the Great Depresion?	278
6724285539	Collectivization	What is the typically communist strategy of making large, staterun farms to allow more efficient control over peasants?	279
6724290025	5-year Plans	What was Stalin's most effective system for industrial development?	280
6794977085	Poland	What country did Germany invade that started WWII?	281
6794980334	Blitzkrieg	What is the name of Germany's war strategy that translates to "lightning war?"	282
6794991473	Battle of the Bulge	What battle ended the European side of WWII where the Allies and the Red Army converged in Germany?	283
6795000821	United Nations	What organization was created after WWII to replace the League of Nations?	284
6795008088	Pakistan	What country was created out of India for Muslims?	285
6795018658	Kwame Nkrumah	Who was the 1st prime minister of Ghana?	286
6795027897	Apartheid	What was the term for segregation in South Africa?	287
6795042401	Communism	What was America's Red Scare centered upon preventing?	288
6795086128	Vichy	What was the name of the puppet government Germany set up in France after invading?	289
6795092910	Marshall Plan	What was America's plan to economicaly boost non comunist countries after WWII to encourage democracy?	290
6795121852	Soviet Bloc	What is the name of the region controlled by the Soviet Union durring the Cold War?	291
6795128318	NATO	What treaty was developed by western nations during the Cold War against the Soviet Union?	292
6795137020	Warsaw Pact	What treaty was created between the Soviet Union and its sattelites to counter NATO?	293
6795147115	Green Movement	What movement, mostly in India and Mexico, tried to increase agriculture production?	294
6795162964	Nikita Khrushchev	Who was Stalin's successor who led the USSR to failure?	295
6795167487	Sputnik	What was the 1st space satellite, sent up by the USSR?	296
6795226964	Zapatistas	What group led a guerrilla movement in Mexico in 1994 to protest the PRI?	297
6795234377	United Fruit Company	What company had a monopoly on fruit exports in Latin America and had control over their governments and American invasions?	298
6795246547	Banana Republics	What is the name for the Latin American countries run by the United Fruit Company?	299
6795253828	Fidel Castro and Che Guevara	What 2 people invaded Cuba in 1956 to establish a communist government?	300
6795264286	Liberation Theology	What Latin American movement combined Catholicism and Socialism to improve conditions for the poor?	301
6795278690	Good Neighbor Policy	What policy, created by FDR, promised to stop US direct invervention in Latin America in 1937?	302
6795297273	Bay of Pigs invasion	What was the failed US invasion of Communist Cuba using Cuban exiles?	303
6795372583	Parasitic Cities	What is the name for cities that are growing too quickly, causing high rates of unemployment that hurts the nation's economy?	304
6795390308	Neocolonial Economy	What is the name for a global economy dominated by industrialized nations?	305
6795398247	Gamal Abdul Nasser	Who took power in a military coup in Egypt and took back the Suez Canal?	306
6795410306	Ayatollah Khomeini	Who took power after the Shah in Iran in 1979?	307
6795423225	Nelson Mandela	Who was the 1st South African president elected after the end of Apartheid?	308

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Midyear Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

5807940269	The Paleolithic times	encompasses 95% of time humans have existed on the earth. The only way historians have gotten evidence of what this era was from rock art and other cave paintings.	0
5807940270	Civilization (elements or parts of a civilization)	meant a group of people were settled, had a communication system, elaborate government, military, tax system, distinct social structure, religion, and education system. Civilization allows people to live in organized ways and allows for the development of culture and science. Civilization provides order for humanity.	1
5807940271	Chieftains	were chiefs that ruled/governed social groups, this chief relies on generosity, ritual status, or charisma, to win respect from the people. These chieftains were significant because the societies with chieftains wanted to live differently than the stateless societies, they believed in ranks and authority. For example, in Mesopotamia or present-day Iraq and in the Pacific Islands chiefdoms emerged early on and were lead by important figures .	2
5807940272	Stateless Societies	were agricultural village societies organized by kinship groups that operated without a strict government. These societies provided more evidence of an egalitarian way of life and the idea of living without strict single authority. For example, the Çatalhüyük society, and the Tiv society of Nigeria showed a more equal way of living.	3
5807940273	Pastoral Societies	were human societies that emerged in Central Asia, the Arabian Peninsula, the Sahara, and parts of eastern and southern Africa; these societies relied on animals as their main food source. Also, pastoralists, or nomads, moved with their animals by season rather than settling. These societies were examples of "making do", if you didn't live in an area fit for agriculture. Also, these societies showed unpleasant social interaction between pastoral societies and agrarian societies. The nomadic people were attracted to the wealthy societies because they hoped in getting richer crops offered by the farming peoples. Examples of these pastoral societies were the huns and mongols.	4
5807940274	Patriarchy	is the institutions and and values of male dominance. The reason for male dominance was that men were better able to perform certain farming practices, and when politics and economics became more important men were more available for positions because women were very important in the house. This is a big change from the old egalitarian way of life; also, today there is still a little bit of male dominance which shows what an effect patriarchy had on the future. An example of male dominance was women under the law had to be married or "under the protection of men," and divorce was easier for men.	5
5807940275	River Valley Civilizations	were vast, efficient societies located on the river. River Valley Civilizations were capable of producing necessities fast using natural resources.These civilizations showed that being located near the water was conducive to an advanced, established community. For example, the Indus Valley civilization.	6
5807940276	Monarchy	is a type of government that is under the rule of monarchs, for example kings and queens. Monarchs were considered royal, luxurious, and superior to commoners below them. This practice still thrives today which shows the effectiveness and success of this type of governing. An example of monarchy would be ancient Egypt and the pharaohs.	7
5807940277	Monotheism	the belief in one god. This changed the way people thought about higher beings, and was the first break from polytheism. When monotheism came about is created a change in society, it advanced learning and thinking. Also, because polytheism encompassed so many faiths, monotheism created a minority.	8
5807940278	Polytheism	the belief in multiple gods. Polytheism is a huge religion spread all over the world. Polytheism included so many religions in ancient times that it was the majority.	9
5807940279	Animism	is the belief of supernatural powers that can create and control the material universe. Animism acknowledges that all living creatures have soul, plants and trees; even inanimate objects, such as, carpets and pillows, have souls. This is a new way of looking at the world and humans.	10
5807940280	Confucianism (created by Confucius)	is a philosophy based on the power of virtue. Confucius believed in the importance of respect towards ancestors and parents, education, and social harmony. Confucianism is about moral acts and the good examples set by the superiors for the inferiors to follow and respond to with obedience. In other words, this belief system nurtures humane virtues and emphasizes these virtues as the key to restoring order in China.	11
5807940281	Daoism (created by Laozi)	is another Chinese philosophy that was created at 100 B.C.E. based on the values of transformation and nature. It was about simple living, self improvement, and aligning yourself with nature. Daoists felt no need for education or politics, everything was centered around unifying yourself with nature and it's roots. Doaism was believed to be the end of striving, you were to connect yourself to nature and simple living, and withdraw from the world. Also, Doaism was one of the three long-lasting and successful philosophies of China.	12
5807940282	Yin/Yang	was an idea created by Doaists to create the unity of opposites. It helped people see that differences can be brought together to make something beautiful. All of the messages communicated through the yin/yang show an important Doaist ideal.	13
5807940283	Legalism (created by Han Fei Zi)	was one philosophy in China at around 200 or 300 B.C.E. Legalism was based on control; a system of rewards and harsh punishment. Legalism promoted social classes who performed essential tasks like farmers and soldiers. Legalism was a long-lasting and important philosophy in China. It was also very effective; for example, if you knew that you would be rewarded for something the king's asks of you, and if you didn't follow through with the orders you were put to death, clearly, then you would follow the king's orders.	14
5807940284	Hinduism	was created by European outsiders to consolidate the traditions of India's polytheistic faiths. There was a Brahman and the goal was to become one with the Brahman (moksha). You were reincarnated many times before you achieved moksha.	15
5807940285	Buddhism	is a faith (created by Gautama) based on the journey, guided by the buddha, to reach enlightenment through modest living, and the end of desire. Meditation is practiced to help achieve nirvana. Buddhism has evolved into different sections such as, Mahayana and Theravada. By looking at visual sources it can be seen that the Buddha has evolved from something a simple as a wheel, to described how life is a circle and never ends, to something of a godly figure who can be of protection.	16
5807940286	Jainism (Mahavira)	is the religion in which all creatures have souls. Also, Jainism is centered around the idea of nonviolence and no caste. This religion originated in India, and shows how different religions can be centered on similar ideas but structured differently.	17
5807940287	Four noble truths	were part of the Buddhist faith, they were: sorrow and suffering are a part of life, people suffer because they want what they cant have, to escape suffering is to overcome desire, and to reach this state of "not wanting" is reaching nirvana. This helped people to reach a better version of themselves.	18
5807940288	Eightfold path	was also part of the Buddhist faith. The eight steps of the path were: right effort, right speech, right livelihood, right action, right understanding, right intention, right concentration, and right mindfulness. These steps helped for self improvement and peace within groups of people.	19
5807940289	Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)	was the founder of buddhism in India. He believed in the practice of meditation. He also believed that life was suffering and to get rid of suffering and sorrow you have to get rid of desires for what you can't have and live a modest life. Siddhartha Gautama established this religion that is still relevant in the present. He was also the first one to reach nirvana or enlightenment.	20
5807940290	Greek Rationalism	was civilized explanation of nature and human lifestyle based off persistent questioning. Greek rationalism interesting because it was a way of thinking by asking questions. Also, it shows how different greek city-states, thought alike.	21
5807940291	Zoroastrian	was a 7th century B.C.E. philosophy created by Zoroaster, in Persia (present day Iran). Zoroastrianism was one of the few monotheistic faiths. Zoroastrianists believed in a Single High God, and the cosmic conflict between good and evil. Ahura Mazda was the divine god, he was believed to be the source of truth, light, and goodness, and control the world. Zoroastrianism is significant because it was one of the few monotheistic faiths of this time and it was similar to confucianism where those who did not believe in what was told were punished. For example, if someone was to side with evil and "Lie" they were deemed everlasting punishment.	22
5807940292	Judaism (started by Abraham)	is a philosophy that originated at 9-6 centuries B.C.E. in Palestine/ Israel by the Hebrews. It was built in the beliefs of a Transcendent High God, social justice, and a covenant with chosen people. Traditions were written in the Old Testament. Because of its small size, Israel was conquered many times. Judaism is like Zoroastrianism as it is a monotheistic faith. The jewish god was separate from nature but still was the controller of everything.	23
5807940293	Christianity	was established by Jesus of Nazareth in early 1st century c.e. He had strong beliefs on the supreme importance of love, and creating an intimate relationship with god. Saint Paul was, in addition to Jesus, a huge influence on Christianity in the first century c.e. He saw christianity as a religion for all, and salvation through faith in jesus christ. Jesus created an entire religion that still lasts today. Saint Paul opened the Christian religion to all people and influenced how christianity is today.	24
5807940294	Islam	was another religion that emerged from the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Civilizations. A huge leader in Islamic faith was Muhammad Ibn Abdullah. This religion was spread and adapted fast after it was introduced. Muhammad had an enormous impact on Islam created large revelations that became the sacred scripts of Islamic faith. This faith created a newer and bigger society, and eventually state that was separated from Judaism	25
5807940295	Athenian—Direct Democracy	was different from all others, it was based on the belief of "citizenship", meaning, free people should run the affairs of the state. After a civil war was close to breaking out, Solon pushed for a democracy. He created extreme laws that allowed for complete freedom. Examples of Solon's laws were, debt slavery was abolished, all citizens were allowed to participate in assembly, and public officers were paid and chosen by lot (this allowed access to public office for more people). However, women, slaves, and foreigners were excluded from all forms of government. The democracy gave all citizens equality before the law. All men, as a whole got to vote, which was not allowed in any other empire. Also, the change in laws made the Assembly the center of political life. In addition, the Athenian democracy was the first and closest example and of a democracy today.	26
5807940296	Roman—Block Voting	was the way that ancient Romans voted for who was in the assemblies. The Roman assemblies were essentially the Roman government that controlled most affairs in Rome.	27
5807940297	Social Wars	took place in 91 B.C.E. These were wars for roman provinces to gain full citizenship. The republic won but ended up giving citizenship. This caused complete disrespect for the republic. People didn't understand why they would kill so many people and then give in and grant them what they wanted. The social wars were a waste of money, resources, death, and created a bad reputation for the now "less powerful" republic.	28
5807940298	Absolutism	is similar to totalitarianism because the ruler or people of higher authority have complete control of every aspect of life. This is important because still today in North Korea, dictators can obtain a threatening excess of power.	29
5807940299	Republic	as in, Roman Republic, was the way the government worked. The power of the state relies on the citizens, these citizens can vote for representatives. In a republic the leader of the government is not a monarch and doesn't have complete power.	30
5807940300	Ethnocentrism	is idea that your ethnicity is the norm. This idea still creates problems with racism today.	31
5807940301	Hubris	is like nationalism on steroids. Hubris is when you believe your nation is better than any other nation. Hubris can lead to conflict and war. Hubris can be considered arrogance and is still relevant in conflicts between nations today.	32
5807940302	Hegemony	is to dominate. It can be extreme hubris. This extreme pride in Greeks lead to the Peloponnesian Wars between Athens and Sparta. As seen in Soviet Russia they dominated other eastern European communists nations.	33
5807940303	Hieroglyphics	were less formal; they were used for business and administration purposes, and later, religious inscriptions, stories, poetry, and math.Hieroglyphics was one of the first types of writing developed in Egypt.	34
5807940304	Cuneiform	was the first type of writing in Mesopotamia, specifically Sumer. It was used for economic transaction, such as, temple payments and taxes. Cuneiform is so significant because it lead to more advanced languages today, and it left records that historians could use to figure out the past.	35
5807940305	The Rosetta Stone	was discovered by Napoleon in Egypt. It was same text in three different scripts. This allowed historians to translate hieroglyphics. So many records in Egypt were scripted in hieroglyphics so it was important that historians were able to translate them.	36
5807940306	Ziggurat	was a temple in Mesopotamia, located on top of a pyramid. This shows how different from Egypt, pyramids and holy places in Mesopotamia were open to the public.	37
5807940307	Hammurabi's code	was laws that consisted of punishments based on social status. This is important because it shows how laws weren't fair and there was distinct social ranks. One example of a punishment was if you were to strike a person of equal rank to you, you were charged a small fine; however, if you were to strike a superior person, you were whipped in public.	38
5807940308	Draco's code	were written law codes created by Draco in 7th century B.C.E. These code's opposed the Athenian aristocrats.	39
5807940309	Varna or Caste System in India	consisted of these hierarchical groups: Brahmins (priests), Kshatriyas (warriors), Vaishyas (herders, farmers, artisans, merchants), Shudras (farm workers, servants), Pariahs (untouchables, outcastes). This distinctly separated the people of India and created order yet discomfort.	40
5807940310	Jati	was the way the social system ran in India. The Jati were made up of many little groups within each section of the caste. Jati distinctly separated everyone because marriage and eating together was only allowed within the jati. A single person could not change their social ranking, however, people with the jati could increase their power status.	41
5807940311	Chandragupta Maurya	was the grandfather of great Mauryan Empire leader Ashoka. Chandragupta was significant because he created the Mauryan Empire.	42
5807940312	Asoka	was an important Mauryan Empire leader who recorded his thoughts, and left records of his kingdom. Asoka was also important because he ruled differently than most rulers, and governed using his religious values and morals.	43
5807940313	Mandate of Heaven	was created in the Zhou dynasty, in China. It was made so war could be justified by god, and rulers could be chosen. That god was T'ien Ming.	44
5807940314	Middle Kingdom	was the second Egyptian kingdom. During this time there was power shift, notables rose to power, and people started to question pharaoh. Also, at this time there was the Hyksos occupation over Egypt.	45
5807940315	Qin Shi Huangdi	was China's first emperor who did the impossible and reunified China. He was significant because Qin united the competing city-states. Also, he believed that he created the Chinese Empire, which is why he named himself Emperor.	46
5807940316	Wudi	was the 5th emperor of the Han Dynasty. He was a smart and expansive leader. Wudi used the teachings of all philosophies to centralize Chinese government; he used organization and standardization from Legalism, education from Confucius, and spiritualization from Daoism. Wudi made significant improvements to border protection to control barbarians. He also took control over household items to make them cheaper for the poor.	47
5807940317	Han Synthesis	is the combination of Confucianism, Legalism, and Doaism. Many rulers, such as Wudi used Han synthesis to take the great parts of each philosophy to govern.	48
5807940318	Yellow Turban Revolt	took place in 2nd century China. This was a revolution held by the peasants because they felt they were treated poorly. It became a huge rebellion that encompassed great leaders and organization. The hope was that the rebellion would create peace through all classes in China.	49
5807940319	Filial piety	respect to one's elders/superiors. Filial piety was popular in Confucianism. This was centered around the idea that if you obey your ancestors they will treat you with respect back. These ideals are still valued in China in the present.	50
5807940320	Philip of Macedon	was the father of Alexander the Great. Philip was able to unite Greece. This allowed for his son Alexander to liberate Greece from Persia.	51
5807940321	Alexander the Great	was a famous Greek leader. He was the son of Philip II, the notorious leader who united Greece. Alexander was a tolerant ruler who patronized temples to local gods, he allowed anyone to gain Greek citizenship, and he paid taxes to maintain the cities. Alexander the Great is significant because he was considered to be the liberator from Persia domination. Also, he conquered large chunks of land, and he was anointed pharaoh. An example of how beloved Alexander was is that he was declared "the son of the gods."	52
5807940322	Confederations	were alliances between different states. These confederations, such as the Delian and Peloponnesian Leagues, allowed for groups to come together in peace.	53
5807940323	Delian League	was the confederation of greek poleis under the leadership of Athens. Originally formed to protect greece from persia. The members had to pay a tribute to Athens.	54
5807940324	Peloponnesian League	was formed by Sparta to gain control over the constitutions of member states. Sparta's goal was to prevent democracies and social turmoil.	55
5807940325	Punic Wars	were a result of hubris. Rome defeats and burns carthage, sold its survivors to slavery, and poisoned the ground. This made Rome highly aggressive.	56
5807940326	Gracchi Brothers	were Roman leaders. They were assassinated by patricians. This was a sign of change in Roman republic because it showed support for a patrician run government. Also, this makes lower class poorer than before, and shows how patricians did anything to keep things how they wanted.	57
5807940327	Julius Caesar	was dictator and tyrant of Rome. He better organized provinces, granted citizenship, and helped the poor.	58
5807940328	Augustus (a.k.a. Caesar Augustus)	was Rome's first emperor, and an important Roman military leader. Caesar Augustus was important because he brought a civil war to Rome and also made it an Empire.	59
5807940329	Spartacus	was a Greek gladiator. He fought in the third civil war against the Roman Republic. Also, he lead the revolt by slaves against their owners. He showed how bad slave conditions were and helped try to break down this huge power struggle.	60
5807940330	Pax Romana	was the era of imperial Rome's greatest extent and authority. This era was significant because it provided security, dignity, and well-being for the Mediterranean world. It was a time of prosperity, expansion, and innovation that changed the way Rome was forever.	61
5807940331	Diocletian	was a Roman emperor. He was born to low class and rose to power through gaining authority in the military. He punished Christians because he believed they were atheist. This made it hard for Christianity to flourish in Rome.	62
5807940332	Constantine	was a Roman emperor. He moved the Roman capital so it could be in a more advanced, accessible place. Also, he converted to Christianity and made it the official religion of Rome. This opposed Diocletian's original views.	63
5807940333	First Wave	3,500 B.C.E. - 500 B.C.E.	64
5807940334	Second Wave	500 B.C.E.-500 C.E.	65
5807940335	Third Wave	500 C.E. - 1,500 B.C.E.	66

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Vocab Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

5977835537	Absolute Monarchies	Features kings who make decisions without parliaments, appointed professionalized armies and bureaucracies, established stated churches, imposed state economic policies.	0
5977835538	Agricultural Revolution	Occured between 8000 and 5000 BCE; transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture.	1
5977835539	Akbar	Mughal leader who centralized the administrative structure of the government and who pursued a policy of religious toleration aimed at reducing tensions between Hindu and Muslim Communities. He also encouraded the elaboration of a syncretic religion called the divine faith that focused attention on the emperor as a ruler common to all the religious, ethnic and social groups of india.	2
5977835540	Ankor Wat	A Khmer temple complex in SE asia, built in the early 12th century as a state temple and capital city. ---- first Hindu, dedicated to Vishnu, then Buddhist.	3
5977835541	Ancestor Veneration	The custom of venerating deceased ancestors who are considered still a part of the family and whose spirits are believed to have the power to intervene in the affairs of the living.	4
5977835542	Aristotle	Greek philosopher; teacher of Alexander the Great; knowledge based on observation of phenomena in material world	5
5977835543	Astrolabe	an instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets	6
5977835544	Axum	Kingdom located in Ethiopian highlands; early converted to Christianity and retained Christianity even when Islam spread into Africa.	7
5977835545	Baghdad	Capital of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near ancient Persian capital of Ctesiphon.	8
5977835546	Bantu Migrations	Originated in a region that is now modern Nigeria and Cameroon; their migrations were one of the most important in human history, spreading language, knowledge of agriculture and eventually, iron technology. By about 1000 CE peoples speaking the language they spread occupied most of Africa south of the equator.	9
5977835547	Bedouin	Nomadic Pastorialists of the Arabian Peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam.	10
5977835548	Berber	The indigenous people of North Africa west of the Nile. Instrumental in the spread of Islam.	11
5977835549	Benin	Nigerian city-state formed by the Edo people during the 14th century; famous for its bronze art work.	12
5977835550	Black Death	An outbreak of bubonic plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of people.	13
5977835551	Byzantine Empire	rose out of the split of East and Western Roman Empire; lasted another 1000 years; kept Hellenism alive; fell in 1453 by the Ottomans	14
5977835552	Caravanserais	inns offering lodging for caravan merchants as well as food, water, and care for their animals along Silk Roads.	15
5977835553	Caravels	Slender, long-hulled vessels utilized by Portuguese; highly maneuverable and able to sail against the wind; key to development of Portuguese trade empire in Asia. Also used by Spanish. Both used to explore Atlantic.	16
5977835554	Caste	Refers to a social class of hereditary and usually unchangeable status and was first introduced into Indian society by the Aryans.	17
5977835555	Chabi	One of Khubilai Khan's four wives, a Nestorian Christian, influenced policy and practices.	18
5977835556	Chang'an	Capital of Tang Dynasty built under Tang Taizong; the world's most poplulous city with as many as two million residents; a cosmopolitan, cultural mecca.	19
5977835557	Champa Rice	is a quick-maturing, drought resistant rice that can allow two harvests, of sixty days each in one growing season. Originally introduced into Champa from Vietnam, it was later sent to China as a tribute gift. When connected with the Grand Canal system it creates a massive population boom in China	20
5977835558	Chinampa	An island built by the Aztecs of layers of reeds, other plants, and mud and planted with crops.	21
5977835559	Chinggis Khan	Originally Temujin. Mongol Conqueror who united the Mongol tribes and forged an empire stretching from China to the Danube River and into Persia.	22
5977835560	City-State	Form of government typical in ancient Mesopotamia and classical Greece; urban-based kingdom ruled by kings and nobles.	23
5977835561	Civil Service	An outgrowth of the Confucian belief that the state should be ruled by men of ability and virtue.	24
5977835562	Columbian Exchange	The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.	25
5977835563	Corvee	forced labor that required peasants to work for a month out of the year on roads and other public projects	26
5977835564	Creoles	People who had Spanish or Portuguese parents but were born in Latin America.	27
5977835565	Daimyo	The lord of a large agricultural estate in feudal Japan who supported the shogun	28
5977835566	Diasporic Communities	immigrants who have relocated from their ancestral homelands and retain their distinct cultural identities as ethnic minority groups in their new host countries	29
5977835567	Daoism	School of thought during the Warring States Period, appearing as a critique to Confucian activism; represented an effort to understand the fundamental character of nature in orfer to learn how to live in harmony with it.	30
5977835568	Devshirme	Ottoman policy of taking boys from Christian peoples to be trained as Muslim soldiers	31
5977835569	Dhow	Traditional sailing vessels with lateen sails used in the Indian Ocean.	32
5977835570	Dutch Studies	Studies of Western science and technology beginning during the 18th century; based on texts available at the Dutch Nagasaki trading center.	33
5977835571	Encomienda	Forced Labor System used by the Spanish empire against the indigenous people of the Americas. In exchange for Indian labor the Spanish managers were to assume responsiblity to look after their workers' health and welfare and to encourade their conversion to Christianity. In fact, this system was akin to slavery.	34
5977835572	Enlightenment	An intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries marked by a celebration of human reason, the promotion of religious tolerance and a desire to construct governments free of tyranny.	35
5977835573	Filial Piety	The duty of children to respect and honor their parents.	36
5977835574	Goa	Portuguese town in India often used for forcible entry into Asian sea trade network; the center of Christian missionary activity in India.	37
5977835575	Great Zimbabwe	A magnificent stone complex situated between the Zambesi and the Limpopo Rivers; up to eighteen thousand residents lived in the city during the late 15th century.	38
5977835576	Griots	Professional oral historians who served as keepers of traditions and advisors to kings in African Kingdoms	39
5977835577	Gupta	The second Indian empire, Hindu, founded during the 4th century CE; extended to all but the southern regions of the Indian subcontinent and was less centralized that the preceding empire.	40
5977835578	Han	Chinese dynasty that succeeded Qin in 202 BCE; ruled for next 400 years.	41
5977835579	Hellenism	Culture derived from the Greek Civilization that flourished between 800 and 400 BCE; spread from Greece to the Himalayas. Blending of Egyptian, Persian and Greek culture; emphasis on philosophy and sciences.	42
5977835580	Hindu Numerals	Is a positional decimal numeral system first documented in Ancient India no later than the 9th century, and later spread to the western world through Arabic mathmaticians. The sustem is based on ten (originally nine) different glyphs.	43
5977835581	Huns	Asiatic nomadic groups who overthrew the Gupta Empire and the Han dynasty.	44
5977835582	Ibn Battuta	Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan.	45
5977835583	Incas	Highly advanced South American civilization that occupied present-day Peru until they were conquered by Spanish forces under Francisco Pizarro in 1532. The Incas developed sophisticated agricultural techniques, such as terrace farming, in order to sustain large, complex societies in the unforgiving Andes Mountains.	46
5977835584	Janissaries	Ottoman infantry divisions that dominated Ottoman armies; forcibly conscripted as boys in conquered areas of Balkans, legally slaves; translated military service into political influence, particularly after 15th century.	47
5977835585	Jesuits	A religious order in the Roman Catholic Church founded in the 16th century and which became the spearhead of the Counter Reformation. The order has a long tradition of vigorous missionary work and of intellectual and scholarly achievement.	48
5977835586	Jizya	Head tax levied on non-Islamic citizens in Muslim states- in return for payment of the tax and obedience to the states, communities were allowed to practice their faith.	49
5977835587	John Locke	English Philosopher (1632-1704) who attacked the Divine Right of Kings and argued that government depended on the consent of the governed. His political ideas were taken up by America's founding fathers. He argued that the primary purpose of government ought to be to protect life, liberty and property.	50
5977835588	Joint Stock Company	A form of business organization that resembled a modern corporation. Individuals invested in the company through the purchase of shares. Companies were give a royal monopoly to trade in a particular area. Used most effectively in the early modern era by the British and Dutch.	51
5977835589	Junks	Chinese ships equipped with water tight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses and bamboo fenders; dominate force in Asian seas south of the Malayan Peninsula.	52
5977835590	Karakorum	Important city of the Mongol Empire under Chinggis Khan. Symbolized a source of Mongol authority superior to the clan or tribe.	53
5977835591	Karma	(Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation	54
5977835592	Kiev	Trade City in southern Russia established by Scandinavian traders in 9th century; became focal point for kingdom of Russia that flourished to 12th century	55
5977835593	Kilwa	city-state on east African coast; fishing limited trade from 800-1000; turned to agriculture, increased trade in pottery and stoneware; major trading center by 14th century	56
5977835594	Kush	An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile 1000 BCE; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries.	57
5977835595	Manioc	Root Crop that which indigenous to the Americas and which spread as part of the Columbian Exchange, leading to population growth in areas such as Africa where it spread.	58
5977835596	Mercantilism	Economic Doctrine in which government control of foreign trade and the creation of a positive balance of trade is of paramount importance fro ensuring the prosperity and security of the state. Leads to tight governmental restrictions on the economies of colonies and protective policies for selected industries. Very much the opposite of laissez faire theory.	59
5977835597	Malacca	Port city in the modern Southeast Asian country of Malaysia, founded about 1400 as a trading center on the Strait of Malacca. Also spelled Melaka.	60
5977835598	Mali	Large Bantu empire of west Africa, established by the lion prince Sundiata on the ruins of the Ghana state during the early 13th century; probably the wealthiest land in sub-Saharan Africa; known for its gold trade; overcome by Songhay empire by the late 15th century.	61
5977835599	Mameluks	Muslim slave warriors; established a dynasty in Egypt; defeated the Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260 and halted Mongol advance	62
5977835600	Mansa Musa	Ruler of Mali (r.1312-1337 CE) who made a hajj to Mecca; on the way there, he spread enormous amounts of gold showing the wealth of Mali; on the way back, he brought back education and Islamic culture.	63
5977835601	Martin Luther	A German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices.	64
5977835602	Matteo Ricci	Portuguese Jesuit missionary who went to China, assimilated into Chinese culture and language and ran a Christian mission in China.	65
5977835603	Mesopotamia	The "Cradle of Civilization" focused on the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers where Sumerians developed many fundamental elements of early civilization, also home of Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian Empires, territory of modern-day Iraq.	66
5977835604	Mestizo	Person of Mixed Spanish and Indigenous descent in the Americas; part of the sociedad de las castes.	67
5977835605	Mita	Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential aspect of Inca imperial control.	68
5977835606	Monasticism	Ascetic Religious movements found within Buddhism and Christianity; communities of religious people live together, often self sufficient, provide services to the poor, provide an opportunity for women to exercise power.	69
5977835607	Mongols	Central Asian nomadic peoples who created the greatest contiguous empire in history and ruled in the 1200s and 1300s.	70
5977835608	Mughal	One of the nomads who invaded the Indian subcontinent in the 16th century and established a powerful empire there.	71
5977835609	Neo-Confucianism	The Confucian response to Buddhism by taking Confucian and Buddhist beliefs and combining them into this. However, it is still very much Confucian in belief.	72
5977835610	Nestorians	A Christian sect found in Asia; tended to support Islamic invasion of this area in preference to Byzantine Rule; cut off from Europe by Muslim invasions.	73
5977835611	Olmecs	First complex society of the Americas, with its center located on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, near the modern Mexican city of Veracruz.	74
5977835612	Pastorialism	Form of society in which nomadic groups herd animals on which they rely for food.	75
5977835613	Patriarchy	a form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the male line	76
5977835614	Polynesian Migrations	Movement of peoples in the Pacific which populated many islands; spread knowledge of agriculture	77
5977835615	Peter the Great	(1672-1725) Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg.	78
5977835616	Protestant Reformation	Early 16th century movement critical of the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and motivated both by religious and political reasons.	79
5977835617	Qanat	A water management system that originated in Perisa thousands of years ago. It provided water to people even in hilly, desert, hot, and arid areas (like Iran).	80
5977835618	Renaissance	Cultural flowering of Western Europe from the 14th through the 16th centuries. Arts an scholarly works reflected a revived interest in the classics of ancient Greece and Rome and a growing concern for individualism and secularism.	81
5977835619	Sanskrit	(Hinduism) an ancient language of India (the language of the Vedas and of Hinduism)	82
5977835620	Scholar-Gentry	Chinese Class created by the marital linkage of the local land-holding aristocracy with the office-holding shi; superseded shi as governors of China.	83
5977835621	Scholasticism	This sought to synthesize the beliefs and values of Christianity with the logical rigor of Greek philosophy. Often associated with St. Thomas Aquinas.	84
5977835622	School of National Learning	Emphasized Japan's unique history and indigenous culture.	85
5977835623	Shang	The dominant people in the earliest Chinese dynasty for which we have written records (ca. 1750-1027 B.C.E.). Ancestor worship, divination by means of oracle bones, and the use of bronze vessels for ritual purposes were major elements of Shang culture.	86
5977835624	Sharia	the code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed	87
5977835625	Shintoism	Religion of early Japanese culture; devotees worshipped numerous gods and spirits associated with the natural world; offers of food and prayers made to gods and nature spirits.	88
5977835626	Shogun	in japanese feudal society, supreme military commander who held more power than the emperor	89
5977835627	Sikhism	A monotheistic religion founded during the Mughal Dynasty, believing that human beings spend their time in a cycle of birth, life, and rebirth.	90
5977835628	Shi'a	the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad	91
5977835629	Sinification	Extensive Adaptation to the Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea and Japan, less typical of Vietnam.	92
5977835630	Stateless Societies	african societies organized around kinship or other forms of obligation and lacking the concentration of political power and authority associated with states	93
5977835631	Sufis	a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life	94
5977835632	Swahili City-States	Urbanized commercial centers in East Africa sharing common Bantu-based and Arabic-influenced Swahili Languanges and other cultural traits; included Mogadishu, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwa, Pate, and Zanzibar.	95
5977835633	Taj Mahal	This most famous Mughal monument was built by Shah Jhan as a mosque and tomb for his wife Mumatz Mahal, it took eighteen years to build.	96
5977835634	Tenochtitlan	Capital city of the Aztec empire, sitting on an island in Lake Texcoco; at its high point in the early 16th century, tribute from some 489 subject territories flowed into the city, and its population reached to about 200,000.	97
5977835635	Teotihuacan	A powerful city-state in central Mexico (100-75 C.E.). Its population was about 150,000 at its peak in 600. (p. 300)	98
5977835636	Timbuktu	Port City in Mali; Located just off the flood plain on the freat bend in the Niger River; Population of 50,000; contained a library and a university.	99
5977835637	Tributary Relationship	Unequal system between China and surrounding counties; peoples of the neighboring lands would recognize Chinese emperors as their overlords. Envoys from subordinate states would regularly present gifts to Chinese court and perform the knowtow ritual as tokens of their subordination. In return they recieved confirmation of their authority as well as lavish gifts from the Chinese court. The system facilitate trade the cultural exchange between China and other countries.	100
5977835638	Trung Sisters	Leaders of one of the frequent peasant rebellions in Vietnam against Chinese rule; revolt broke out in 39 c.e.; demonstrates importance of Vietnamese women in indigenous society.	101
5977835639	Vizier	Ottoman equivalent of the Abbasid Wazir; head of the Ottoman Bureaucracy; after 15th century often more powerful than sultan.	102
5977835640	Yuan Dynasty	Sinicized Mongol Dynasty in China established by Khublai Khan in 1279; collapsed in 1368.	103
5977835641	Zheng He	Chinese explorer who represents China's only attempt to create a worldwide trading empire.	104
5977835642	Zorastrianism	Persian religion that saw material existence as battle between forces of good and evil; stressed the importance of moral choice; righteous lived on after death in "House of Song"	105

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History #3 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

6003757217	Absolute Despotism	0
6003760590	Magna Carta	1
6003760598	Parliament	2
6003764385	Humanism	3
6003764386	Reformation	4
6003771487	Code of Chivalry	5
6003774531	Code of the Samurai	6
6003776696	Guilds	7
6003778224	Papal Sates	8
6003780819	Seljuk Turks	9
6003787271	Ottoman Turks	10
6003797634	Sultan	11
6003797635	Crusade	12
6003800841	Bantun	13
6003803080	Mamluks	14
6003808539	Genghis Khan	15
6003810010	City-states	16
6003813266	Bubonic Plague	17
6003817725	Black Death	18
6003819461	Despotism	19
6003821642	Excommunication	20
6003825793	Lateen sail	21
6003831260	Metropolitan	22
6003833668	Middle Kingdom	23
6003835947	Ming Dynasty	24
6003838364	Conquistador	25
6003838365	Sikhs	26
6003841266	Capitalism	27
6003845659	Entrepreneur	28
6003847581	Joint stock company	29
6003851467	Dutch East India Company	30
6003854005	British East India Company	31
6003857089	Treaty of Tordesillas	32
6003857090	Printing Press	33
6003863395	Encomienda	34
6003866526	Enlightenment	35
6003868695	Janissaries	36
6003870932	Mercantilism	37
6003873333	Mughal Dynasty	38
6003876275	Qing Dynasty	39
6003878486	Reconquista	40
6003881630	Sovereignty	41
6003886306	Taj Mahal	42
6003886307	Caravel	43
6003891987	Colombian Exchange	44
6003894783	Middle Passage	45
6003901749	Triangular Trade	46
6003904580	Indulgence	47
6003912589	Iaissez-faire economics	48
6003912590	Natural Laws	49
6003922066	Ninety-Five Theses	50
6003922067	Predestination	51
6003930899	Population growth and the Agricultural Revolution	52
6003934554	Millet System	53
6003936917	Safavid Epire	54
6003936940	Ming Dynasty	55
6003943717	Gold trade in West and Central Africa	56
6003945431	Boers	57
6003947804	Apartheid	58
6003947805	Zulu	59
6003950256	Revolution	60
6003952551	Democracy	61
6003952552	Secular	62
6003958353	Diplomatic	63
6003958354	Exploration	64
6003961570	Colonization	65
6003961571	Imperialism	66

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History: Ch. 37 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

6099206790	Getulio Vargas	0
6099206791	Juan Peron	1
6099212537	Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)	2
6099242038	PRI	3
6099244748	Zapatistas	4
6099252191	North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)	5
6099254858	Vicente Fox	6
6099258136	Juan Jose Arevalo	7
6099260808	United Fruit Company	8
6099264576	Colonel Jacobo Arbenz	9
6099268442	Fulgencio Batista	10
6099781821	Fidel Castro	11
6099799902	Ernesto "Che" Guevara	12
6099806688	liberation theology	13
6099815050	Salvador Allende	14
6099817345	Augusto Pinochet	15
6099823226	Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path)	16
6099823227	Sandinista	17
6099829098	Lula (Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva)	18
6099833848	Hugo Chavez	19
6099836436	Augusto Sandino	20
6099838814	banana republics	21
6099842178	Good Neighbor Policy	22
6099844916	Alliance for Progress	23
6099846998	favelas	24
6099864946	Gabriel Garcia Marquez	25
6099851853	One Hundred Year of Solitude	26

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

5820304498	Large, well-equipped armies.	What is not a indicator of a civilization?	0
5820326141	the development of agriculture	The most important change that took place in the Neolithic Era was what?	1
5820332104	The Middle East	Archaeological evidence suggests that the Agricultural Revolutions began in ?	2
5820337913	Copper Metallurgy	By the late Neolithic period, the people of Catal Huyuk had developed the use of?	3
5820342797	a Political Hierarchy	One of the most important developments of the Sumerians was?	4
5820347606	They conquered an area large enough to make themselves self-sufficient.	Mesopotamian city-states flourished because?	5
5820355106	they could own property	While it is likely that women lost power and freedom with the spread of agriculture, in Mesopotamia.....	6
5820357611	Anthropomorphic	The Sumerian gods were?	7
5820364465	It had natural isolation and material that was self-sufficient.	Which of the following is the best explanation of why Egypt was able to develop a unique culture?	8
5820376479	Sequences of kings that form the same family	Following the practice of Manetho, an Egyptian priest from the third century B.C.E., historians divide Egyptian history into dynasties, which are?	9
5820383399	bureaucrats were literate.	One of the hallmarks of the administration class in Egypt was that?	10
5820389722	Nubia had gold fields.	In the second millennium B.C.E., Egypt invaded Nubia because?	11
5820394355	Its written language cannot be read.	One of the major difficulties in understanding the Indus Valley civilization is that ?	12

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Vocab Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

2464000561	Venus Figurines	paleolithic carvings of the female form, often with exaggerated features	0
2464000562	Trance Dance	In San culture, a nightlong ritual held to activate a human being's inner spiritual potency (n/um) to counteract the evil influences of gods and ancestors.	1
2464000563	Shaman	In many early societies, the belief that a person could act like a bridge between living humans and supernatural forces.	2
2464000564	San, or Jo/'hoansi	a paleolithic people still living on the northern fringe of the Kalahari desert in southern Africa.	3
2464000565	Paleolithic "settling down"	The process by which some paleolithic peoples moved toward permanent settlement after the last ice age. Growing inequalities in society.	4
2464000566	Paleolithic rock art	A term used to describe the paleolithic paintings that usually depict a range of animals.	5
2464000567	Paleolithic	"Old Stone Age"; the term used to describe early homo sapiens in the period before the development of agriculture.	6
2464000568	"the original affluent society"	term invented by Marshall Sahlins in 1972 to describe Paleolithic societies	7
2464000569	n/um	among the San, a spiritual power that protects humans from bad forces of gods and ancestors.	8
2464000570	Neanderthals	a European version of Homo sapiens that died out about 25,000 years ago.	9
2464000571	megafaunal extinction (faunal =the animals of a given region considered as a whole)	The dying out of a large number of species at the end of the ice age	10
2464000572	Jomon Culture	A settled paleolithic culture of prehistoric Japan. Created some of the world's earliest pottery.	11
2464000573	"insulting the meat"	In San culture, a practice done to deflate pride. Expectation that a successful hunter would criticize his own kill.	12
2464000574	Ice Age	Cold periods in the world's history. The last Ice Age was around 20,000 years ago.	13
2464000575	"human revolution"	the term used to describe the transition of humans from acting out of biological importance to culture.	14
2464000576	Hadza	A people of Northern Tanzania, almost the last surviving Paleolithic society.	15
2464000577	Great Goddess	According to one theory, a dominant deity of the Paleolithic society.	16
2464000578	"gathering and hunting peoples"	People who live by collecting food rather than producing it.	17
2464000579	Flores man	a recently discovered hominid species of Indonesia	18
2464000580	Dreamtime	A worldview of Australia's Aboriginal people that said that current humans live in a echo of ancestral happenings.	19
2464000581	Clovis culture	The earliest widespread and distinctive culture of North America.	20
2464000582	Chumash culture	Paleolithic culture of southern California that survived until the modern era	21
2464000583	Brotherhood of the Tomol	A craftsmen group that had total control of building and ownership of large canoes or tomols among the Chumash people	22
2464000584	austronesian migrations	The last phase of the great human migration that made human presence in every livable region of the earth.	23
2464000585	teosinte	the wild ancestor of maize	24
2464000586	stateless societies	village based agricultural societies. Functioned without a formal government.	25
2464000587	"secondary products revolution"	Term used to describe series of technological changes that occurred around 4000 BCE	26
2464000588	pastoral society	A human society that relies on domesticated animals rather than plants as the main source of food.	27
2464000589	native Australians	The natives of Australia who continued to gather and hunt for food despite the transition to agriculture in nearby places	28
2464000590	Mesopotamia	Valley of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in present day Iraq.	29
2464000591	Jericho	An important early agricultural settlement in present day Israel.	30
2464000592	intensification	the process of getting more in return for less.	31
2464000593	horticulture	hoe based agriculture	32
2464000594	Fertile Crescent	Region sometimes known as southwest Asia that was the earliest home to agriculture.	33
2464000595	end of the last Ice Age	A process of global warming that started 16,000 years ago and ended 5,000 years later. Resulted in weather similar to the present. Lead to growing population and helped start agriculrure.	34
2464000596	domestication	The taming of nature to benefit humans.	35
2464000597	diffusion	the spread of agricultural techniques without a lot of population movement.	36
2464000598	chiefdom	a grouping governed by a chief who relies on generosity rather than force for obedience from the people.	37
2464000599	Catalhuyuk	An important Neolithic site in what is now Turkey.	38
2464000600	Cahokia	An agricultural chiefdom, dominant center of an important Mississippi valley mound-building culture	39
2464000601	broad spectrum diet	Term for the diet of gathering and hunting societies, which included many plants and animals.	40
2464000602	bantu migration	The spread of Bantu speaking people from their homeland which is now Southern Nigeria.	41
2464000603	Bantu	An african language family whose speakers gradually became the dominant culture of South and east Africa.	42
2464000604	Banpo	A Chinese archeological site where Neolithic village remnants were found.	43
2464000605	Austronesian	An Asian language family that became dominant in the Philippines, Indonesia, and the Pacific Islands	44
2464000606	Agricultural Revolution	The transformation of human existence caused by the breeding of certain animals and taming of some plants.	45
2464000607	Zhou Dynasty	Period of Chinese history from 1122 to 256 BCE	46
2464000608	Xia Dynasty	A legendary series of monarchs of early China, traditionally dated to 2200 to 1766 BCE.	47
2464000609	Uruk	The largest city of ancient Mesopotamia.	48
2464000610	Teotihuacan	The largest city of ancient Mesoamerica	49
2464000611	Son of Heaven	Title of the ruler of China, first known from the Zhou Dynasty.	50
2464000612	Shang dynasty	period of Chinese history from 1766 to 1122 BCE.	51
2464000613	Sanxingdui	An ancient city of China that independently developed from the Shang dynasty.	52
2464000614	salinization	The build up of minerals in soil, decreasing its fertility.	53
2464000615	rise of the state	a process of centralization that took place in the First Civilizations.	54
2464000616	quipu	a series of knotted cords used as a form of accounting and maybe writing in the Norte Chico civiliztion	55
2464000617	Phoenicians	a civilization in present day Lebanon, creators of the first alphabetic writing system.	56
2464000618	Pharaoh	a king of Egypt. Used in reference to all ancient Egyptian rulers.	57
2464000619	patriarchy	"rule of the father", a social system of male dominance	58
2464000620	oracle bones	In Chinese civilization, animal bones that were heated then cracked and interpreted as prophecies. Prophecies were written on the bone.	59
2464000621	Olmec civilization	An early civilization that developed along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico around 1200 BCE.	60
2464000622	Nubia	A civilization to the South of Egypt in the Nile valley, known for the development of the alphabetic writing system.	61
2464000623	Norte Chico/Caral	a region along the central coast of Peru.	62
2464000624	Mohenjo Daro	A major city in the Indus Valley civilization	63
2464000625	Minoan Civilization	An advanced civilization that developed on the island of Crete.	64
2464000626	Mesopatamia	"the land between the rivers" Tigris and Euphrates in what is now Iraq.	65
2464000627	Mandate of heaven	The belief of Chinese emperors that stated that a ruler held authority by command of a divine force as long as her ruled morally and benevolently.	66
2464000628	Indus Valley	Home of a major civilization that emerged in what is now Pakistan. Noted for the sameness of its elaborately planned cities over a large territory.	67
2464000629	Hyksos	A pastoral group of unknown ethnicity that invaded Egypt and ruled in the North.	68
2464000630	Hittites	An Indo-European civilization in Anatolia in the 18th century.	69
2464000631	hieroglyphs	"sacred carvings";Ancient Egyptian writing system	70
2464000632	Hebrews	A smaller early civilization whose faith in one god provided the foundation for many religions.	71
2464000633	Hatshepsut	Ancient Egypt's most famous queen.	72
2464000634	Harappa	A major city of the Indus valley civilization	73
2464000635	Epic of Gilgamesh	The most famous literary work from Ancient Mesopotamia, tells the story of a mans quest for immortality.	74
2464000636	Egypt:"the gift of the Nile"	Often known as this because Egypt would not have been able to support the big population without the annual flooding of the Nile that made agriculture possible.	75
2464000637	cuneiform	wedge shaped writing in the form of symbols used in Mesopotamia	76
2464000638	cradle of civilization	Commonly used term for southern Mesopotamia.	77
2464000639	Code of Hammurabi	A series of laws publicized by King Hammurabi of Babylon.	78
2464000640	Yellow Turban Rebellion	Major Chinese peasant revolt that helped cause the fall of the Han dynasty	79
2464000641	Xiongnu	Nomadic peoples to the north of the great wall of china who were a frequent threat to the Chinese state	80
2464000642	Wudi	Han emperor who started the Chinese civil service system by starting an academy to train imperial bureaucrats	81
2464000643	Solon	Athenian statesman and lawmaker whose reforms led the Athenians toward democracy	82
2464000644	Qin Shihuangdi	"first emperor from the Qin", forcibly reunited China and established a strong state.	83
2464000645	Qin Dynasty	A short lived but highly influential dynasty that succeeded in reuniting China.	84
2464000646	plebeians	Poorer, less privileged Romans who gradually won a role in Roman politics.	85
2464000647	Persian Empire	A major empire that expanded in the Middle East.	86
2464000648	Persopolis	The capital of the persian empire, destroyed by Alexander the Great.	87
2464000649	Peloponnesian War	Great war between Athens and Sparta in which Athens was defeated.	88
2464000650	Pax Romana	The "roman peace". A term used to denote the prosperity and stability of the early Roman empire	89
2464000651	patricians	wealthy,privileged Romans that dominated early Roman society.	90
2464000652	Olympic Games	Greek religious festival and athletic competition in honor of Zeus played every 4 years.	91
2464000653	Mauryan Empire	A major empire that included most of India.	92
2464000654	Marathon, Battle of	Athenian victory over a Persian invasion.	93
2464000655	Mandate of Heaven	A belief among Chinese emperors that they would continue to rule as long as they did so benevolently and morally.	94
2464000656	Ionia	A territory of Greek settlements on the coast of Anatolia.	95
2464000657	hoplite	a heavily armed Greek infantryman (foot soldier).	96
2464000658	Herodotus	Greek historian known as the "father of history".	97
2464000659	Hellenistic Era	A period in which Greek culture spread widely in Eurasia.	98
2464000660	Han Dynasty	A dynasty that ruled from 206 BCE to 220 CE	99
2464000661	Gupta Empire	An empire of India	100
2464000662	Greco-Persian Wars	Two major wars in which the Persians were defeated both over land and water.	101
2464000663	Darius I	Great king of Persia, completed the establishment of the Persian Empire	102
2464000664	Cyrus (the Great)	Founder of the Persian Empire	103
2464000665	Caesar Augustus	The adopted son of Julius Caesar who emerged as sole ruler of the Roman State at the end of the civil war.	104
2464000666	Athenian Democracy	A radical form of direct democracy.	105
2464000667	Ashoka	The most famous ruler of the Mauryan Empire	106
2464000668	Aryans	Indo-European pastoralists who moved into India about the time of the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization.	107
2464000669	Alexander the Great	Conqueror of the Persian Empire and part of northwest India	108
2464000670	Ahura Mazda	In Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world.	109
2464000671	Socrates	the first great greek philosopher	110
2464000672	Siddhartha Guatama (the Buddha)	An Indian prince turned ascetic who founded Buddhism.	111
2464000673	Saint Paul	the first great popularizer of Christianity	112
2464000674	Pythagoras	a major greek philosopher and mathematician who created the Pythagorean theorem.	113
2464000675	plato	A student of Socrates who conveyed the teachings of his master and developed them further to create his own philosophies.	114
2464000676	nirvana	the end goal of buddhism	115
2464000677	moksha	in hindu belief, freedom from separate existence and union with Brahma	116
2464000678	Mahayana	"great vehicle" - the development of buddhism in early centuries of common era	117
2464000679	legalism	a Chinese philosophy with clear laws and aggressive punishments.	118
2464000680	laozi	The founder of Daoism	119
2464000681	Karma	in hinduism, the determining factor of which level an individual will be reincarnated in to their next life.	120
2464000682	judaism	the monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews.	121
2464000683	Jesus of Nazareth	The God of Christianity	122
2464000684	Isaiah	One of the most important prophets of Judaism.	123
2464000685	Hippocrates	a very influential greek medical theorist	124
2464000686	Hinduism	A word that describes the vast diversity of native Indian religious traditions.	125
2464000687	Greek rationalism	A secularizing system of scientific and philosophical thought.	126
2464000688	filial piety	the honoring of one's parents and ancestors, a key element in Confucianism.	127
2464000689	Daoism	a popular Chinese religion that promotes simplicity.	128
2464000690	Daodejing	The central text of Daoism.	129
2464000691	Constantine	A Roman Emperor whose conversion to Christianity resulted in the triumph of Christianity in Rome.	130
2464000692	Confucius (Kong Fuzi)	The founder of Confucianism	131
2464000693	Confucianism	The Chinese philosophy first introduced by Confucius.	132
2464000694	Buddhism	The religious tradition first enunciated by Siddhartha Gautama	133
2464000695	Brahmins	the priestly caste of India	134
2464000696	Brahman	The final reality in Hindu belief	135
2464000697	Bhakti movement	In Hinduism, advocates intense devotion toward a particular deity.	136
2464000698	Bhagavad Gita	a great Hindu epic text	137
2464000699	Ban Zhao	A major female Confucian author of Han Dynasty China.	138
2464000700	atman	the human soul	139
2464000701	Aristotle	A Greek polymath philosopher	140
2464000702	Angra Mainyu	In Zoroastrianism, the evil god.	141
2464000703	Ahura Mazda	In Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world.	142
2464000704	Wu, Empress	The only female empress in Chinese history.	143
2464000705	Wang Mang	A Han court official who forcefully took the throne.	144
2464000706	Vaisya	The Indian social caste of farmers and merchants.	145
2464000707	Untouchables	A class beneath the Sudras that did all the dirty work.	146
2464000708	the "three obediences"	Woman is under permanent control of first father, husband, then son in Chinese Confucianism.	147
2464000709	Sudra	The lowest Indian social class of varna.	148
2464000710	Spartacus	A Roman gladiator who led the most serious slave revolt in Roman history.	149
2464000711	scholar-gentry class	A term used to describe China's landowning families.	150
2464000712	"ritual purity" in Indian social practice	In India, the idea that members of higher castes should refrain from association with those of lower classes to maintain their own caste standing.	151
2464000713	Pericles	An influential statesman of Ancient Athens.	152
2464000714	latifundia	Huge estates operated by slave labor in the Roman empire	153
2464000715	Ksatriya	The Indian social class of warriors and rulers	154
2464000716	Helots	The semi-enslaved class of Ancient Sparta.	155
2464000717	Greek and Roman Slavery	Slaves were captive from war and piracy.	156
2464000718	dharma	The Indian belief, performance of duties appropriate to social class	157
2464000719	caste as varna and jati	The system of social organization in India	158
2464000720	Aspasia	A foreign woman resident in Athens.	159
2464000721	Tikal	Major Maya city	160
2464000722	Semi-sedentary	term used to describe peoples of eastern woodlands who combined partial reliance on agriculture with gathering and hunting	161
2464000723	pueblo	Great house of the ancestral pueblo people	162
2464000724	Niger Valley Civilization	distinctive city-based civilization in middle Niger	163
2464000725	Nazca	civilization of southern coastal Peru	164
2464000726	Mound Builders	Members of any of a number of cultures that developed east of the Mississippi River	165
2464000727	Moche	an important regional civilization of Peru	166
2464000728	Meroe	city of southern Nubia	167
2464000729	Maya	major classical civilization of Mesoamerica	168
2464000730	Jenne-jeno	largest of the cities of the Niger Valley civilization	169
2464000731	Hopewell culture	most widespread North American mound-building culture	170
2464000732	Ezana	King of Axum, established Christianity	171
2464000733	Coptic Christianity	The Egyptian variety of Christianity	172
2464000734	Chavin	Andean town that was the center of a large Peruvian religious movement	173
2464000735	Chaco Phenomenon	major process of settlement that occurred among the peoples of Chaco canyon	174
2464000736	Batwa	forest-dwelling people of Central Africa	175
2464000737	Bantu expansion	Bantu-speaking migration from homeland into most of eastern and southern Africa	176
2464000738	Axum	classical era kingdom of east Africa	177
2464000739	Apedemek	the lion god of classical Meroe	178
2464000740	Ancestral Pueblo	established mixed agricultural gathering/hunting society in southwestern North America	179
2464000741	Cahokia	The center of an important mound building culture.	180
2464000742	Teotihuacan	The largest city of pre-Columbian America.	181
2464000743	Venice	An Italian city that was a major center of Mediterranean trade	182
2464000744	trans-Saharan slave trade	a fairly small scale slave trade that developed in the 12th century C.E	183
2464000745	third-wave civilizations	Civilizations that were symbolized by big trade networks.	184
2464000746	Swahili civilization	An East African civilization	185
2464000747	Sudan	a large region of West Africa	186
2464000748	Srivijaya	a Malay Kingdom that was known for its native/indian hybrid culture.	187
2464000749	Silk Roads	Land-based trade routes that linked Eurasia.	188
2464000750	Sand Roads	a term used to describe trans-Saharan trade in Africa.	189
2464000751	Sailendras	a kingdom of Java known for being deeply influenced by Indian culture.	190
2464000752	pochteca	merchants among the Aztecs	191
2464000753	oasis cities of central Asia	cities that became the centers of trans-Eurasian trade.	192
2464000754	monsoons	wind currents that blew across the Indian Ocean	193
2464000755	Malaysians	speakers of Austronesian languages	194
2464000756	Jie people	a nomadic people who controlled most of Northern China.	195
2464000757	Indian Ocean trading network	The world's largest sea based system of communication before 1500 CE.	196
2464000758	Ibn Battuta	A famous Muslim traveler	197
2464000759	Great Zimbawe	A powerful state in the African Interior.	198
2464000760	bubonic plague	A highly fatal disease that was transmitted through mosquitoes.	199
2464000761	Borobudur	The largest Buddhist monument ever built.	200
2464000762	Black Death	a massive epidemic that swept Eurasia.	201
2464000763	American Web	the network of trade that linked parts of the pre-Columbian Americas.	202
2464000764	Yi	Korean dynasty	203
2464000765	Xiongnu	Major nomadic confederacy that reached from Manchuria to Central Asia.	204
2464000766	Wendi, Emperor	Sui emperor who supported Buddhism	205
2464000767	Uighurs	Turkic empire of the steppes.	206
2464000768	Trung sisters	Two Vietnamese sisters who launched a major revolt against the Chinese presence in Vietnam	207
2464000769	Tribute system	Chinese method of dealing with foreign lands.	208
2464000770	Tanka	A form of Japanese poetry	209
2464000771	Tang dynasty	a dynasty of China known for its openness to foreign cultural influences	210
2464000772	Sui Dynasty	a dynasty of China that reunited the country after years of political fragments.	211
2464000773	Song Dynasty economic revolution	A major economic quickening that took place in China under the Song dynasty.	212
2464000774	Silla dynasty	The first ruling dynasty to bring some political unity to Korea.	213
2464000775	Shotoku Taishi	Japanese statesman who was a big influence in making Japan into a centralized bureaucratic state	214
2464000776	Samurai	Members of Japan's warrior class.	215
2464000777	Pure Land Buddhism	A school of Buddhism that was immensely popular in China.	216
2464000778	Neo-Confucianism	A philosophy that emerged in Song-dynasty China	217
2464000779	Nara	Japan's first Capital city	218
2464000780	Murasaki Shikibu	Sometimes known as Japan's greatest author.	219
2464000781	Kumsong	The capital of Korea in the Medieval era	220
2464000782	Koryo	Korean Dynasty	221
2464000783	Khitan	A nomadic peoples whose state included parts of Northern China	222
2464000784	kami	sacred spirits of Japan	223
2464000785	Jurchen	a nomadic peoples whose state included parts of Northern China	224
2464000786	Helan	Japan's second capital city	225
2464000787	Hangzhou	China's capital during the Song Dynasty	226
2464000788	Hangui	a phonetic alphabet developed in Korea.	227
2464000789	foot binding	Chinese practice of tightly binding girls feet to keep them small.	228
2464000790	chu nom	a variation of Chinese writing	229
2464000791	bushido	military virtues of the Japanese samurai.	230
2464000792	An Lushan	Foreign born Chinese leader who led a revolt against the Tang Dynasty.	231
2464000793	Vladimir, prince of kiev	Prince of Kiev who converted to Orthodox Christianity.	232
2464000794	Vikings	Scandinavian riders who had a big impact on most of Western Europe.	233
2464000795	system of competing states	organization of Western Europe political life	234
2464000796	natural philosophy	the scientific study of nature that developed in the later middle ages.	235
2464000797	Kievan Rus	State that emerged around the city of Kiev.	236
2464000798	Justinian	Byzantine emperor.	237
2464000799	indulgence	a cancellation of the penalty for confessed sin granted only by a pope.	238
2464000800	inconoclasm	The destruction of holy images.	239
2464000801	Holy Roman Empire	German-based empire founded by Otto.	240
2464000802	guild	association of people pursuing the same line of work.	241
2464000803	Greek fire	form of liquid fire that could be sprayed at enemies.	242
2464000804	Cyrillic	Alphabet based on Greek letters.	243
2464000805	Cyril and Methodious	Byzantine missionaries.	244
2464000806	Crusades	term meaning "ventures of the cross"	245
2464000807	Constantinople	capital for the eastern half of the Roman Empire, established by Constantine.	246
2464000808	Christianity, Roman Catholic	Western European branch of Christianity	247
2464000809	Christianity, Eastern Orthodox	Branch of Christianity that developed in the eastern part of the Roman Empire.	248
2464000810	Charlemagne	Ruler of the Carolingian Empire	249
2464000811	caesaropapism	a political-religious system	250
2464000812	Byzantine Empire	Surviving eastern roman empire.	251
2464000813	ulama	Islamic religious scholars.	252
2464000814	timbuktu	great city of West Africa	253
2464000815	Sultanate of Delhi	Major Turkic Muslim state in Northern India.	254
2464000816	Sufis	Islamic mystics.	255
2464000817	Sikhism	a religion that has both Islam and Hindu elements.	256
2464000818	shaykhs	Sufi teachers who founded individual schools of Sufism.	257
2464000819	sharia	Islamic law.	258
2464000820	quran	Most holy text of Islam.	259
2464000821	rightly guided caliphs	The first four rulers of the Islamic world after the death of Muhammad.	260
2464000822	Polo, Marco	The most famous European traveler of the Middle Ages	261
2464000823	Pillars of Islam	The five core practices required of Muslims.	262
2464000824	Muslim	"one who submits"	263
2464000825	Muhammad Ibn Abdullah	The Prophet of Islam	264
2464000826	Mozarabs	Christians who adopted a lot of Arabic and Muslim culture and practices without actually converting to Islam	265
2464000827	Mecca	The birthplace of Islam	266
2464000828	madrassas	Former colleges that taught the teachings of Islam.	267
2464000829	Kaaba	Great stone shrine in Mecca.	268
2464000830	jizya	Tax paid by non-Muslims of Islam in the Muslim ruled territories in exchange for freedom to practice their religion.	269
2464000831	jihad	Arabic for "struggle"	270
2464000832	imams	leaders with high religious authority in Shia Islam	271
2464000833	ibn sina	One of the greatest intellectuals of the Islamic world.	272
2464000834	ibn battuta	Arab traveler who wrote about his journeys in the Islamic world.	273
2464000835	house of wisdom	An academic center for research.	274
2464000836	hijra	journey that marks the starting point of the Islamic calendar	275
2464000837	hajj	one of the Five Pillars of Islam	276
2464000838	hadiths	Traditions passed on about the sayings or actions of Muhammad.	277
2464000839	ghazali, al-	Great Muslim legal scholar.	278
2464000840	dhimmis	"protected subjects" under Islamic rule.	279
2464000841	bedouins	Nomadic Arabs	280
2464000842	battle of talas river	Arab victory over the Chinese	281
2464000843	anatolia	Ancient name of Asia Minor	282
2464000844	andalus, al-	Arabic name for Spain	283
2464000845	abbasid caliphate	Dynasty of Caliphs that ruled a fragmented Islamic state.	284
2464000846	(START OF CH. 12)Yuan Dynasty	Mongol Dynasty that ruled China.	285
2464000847	Xiongnu	People of Mongolian lands north of China who formed a large scale nomadic empire.	286
2464000848	Turks	Turkic speakers from central Asia who were originally nomads.	287
2464000849	Temujin	Chinggis Khan's birth name.	288
2464000850	Pastoralism	Way of life in which people depend on herding domesticated animals for food.	289
2464000851	The mongol world war	Term used to describe half a century of military campaigns, killings, and empire building.	290
2464000852	Modun	Great ruler of the Xiongnu Empire	291
2464000853	Masai	Nomadic cattle-keeping people.	292
2464000854	Kipchak Kanate	Name given to Russia by the Mongols.	293
2464000855	Khanbalik	new capital city for the Mongols after their conquest of China	294
2464000856	kaghan	Supreme ruler of a Turkic nomadic confederation.	295
2464000857	Karakorum	Capital of the Mongol Empire	296
2464000858	Hulegu Khan	Grandson of Chinggis Khan	297
2464000859	Ghazan Khan	Subordinate khan of Persia	298
2464000860	"fictive kinship"	common form of tribal bonding in Nomadic societies	299
2464000861	Chinggis Khan	title given to Mongol leader Temujin after he united the Mongols.	300
2464000862	Black Death	Massive plague that swept through Eurasia	301
2464000863	"age-set"	a group of boys united by a common initiation ceremony among the Masai	302
2464000864	(START OF CH. 13)Zeng He	Great Chinese admiral	303
2464000865	Yongle	Chinese emperor during the Ming dynasty	304
2464000866	Triple Alliance	agreement that launched the Aztec Empire	305
2464000867	Timur	Turkic warrior.	306
2464000868	Timbuktu	Great city of West Africa	307
2464000869	Tenochtitián	The metropolitan capital of the Aztec Empire.	308
2464000870	Songhay Empire	Major Islamic state of West Africa	309
2464000871	Safavid Empire	Major Turkic empire of Persia.	310
2464000872	Renaissance, European	A "rebirth" of classical learning	311
2464000873	pochteca	Merchants in the Aztec Empire.	312
2464000874	Paleolithic persistence	The continuance of gathering and hunting societies in significant areas of the world .	313
2464000875	Ottoman empire	Major Islamic state centered on Anatolia.	314
2464000876	Nezahualcoyotl	A poet and king of the city-state Texcoco.	315
2464000877	Mughal Empire	One of the most successful empires of India.	316
2464000878	Ming dynasty	Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Yuan dynasty of the Mongols	317
2464000879	Mexica	Seminomadic people of northern Mexico.	318
2464000880	Malacca	Muslim port city	319
2464000881	Iroquois League of Five Nations	Confederation of five Iroquouis peoples in what is now New York State.	320
2464000882	Inca Empire	The Western Hemisphere's largest imperial state.	321
2464000883	Igbo	People whose lands were east of the Niger River.	322
2464000884	Hundred Years' War	Major conflict between France and England over territory.	323
2464000885	Huitzilopochtli	Patron deity of the Aztec empire.	324
2464000886	Gama, Vasco da	Portugese explorer.	325
2464000887	Fulbe	West Africa's largest pastoral society.	326
2464000888	"firestick farming"	A controlling of their environment by the Paleolithic peoples of Australia that involved controlled fires to clear underbrush.	327
2464000889	Constantinople, seizure of (1453)	an event that marked the end of the Christian Byzantium.	328
2464000890	Columbus, Christopher	Found America in 1492	329
2464000891	"chosen women"	Among the Incas, girls who were removed from their homes at a young age and trained in Inca ideology who later were given as wives to respected men.	330
2464000892	Benin	Territorial state that emerged in what is now Southern Nigeria.	331
2464000893	Aztec Empire	Major state that developed in what is now Mexico.	332

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP WORLD HISTORY URBANSKI Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

3567943774	The development of agriculture caused important changes in all of the following except	The tendency to believe in many gods	0
3567946053	One difference between classical China and the earlier Huanghe river valley civilization was that	human sacrifices were suppressed	1
3567949557	Nirvana meant	full union with the divine essence	2
3567951632	The greek and Hellenistic approach in science	used mathematics to try and explain nature's patterns	3
3567953449	After 200 C.E., an increasing number of people in Asia, Europe, and North Africa began to adopt faiths characterized by	monotheism	4
3567955438	Which of the following statements concerning inter-clan relationships in bedouin society is most accurate?	Inter-clan violence over control of water and pasturage was common	5
3567958154	The spread of Islam to southeast Asia was delayed until the fall of the Buddhist trade empire of?	Shrivijaya	6
3567959822	What was the nature of urbanization within the Mali Empire?	Mali possessed "port cities" along the Niger River such as Jenne and Timbuktu which flourished both commercially and culturally.	7
3567961682	What was the technological innovation that aided the Byzantine Empire in withstanding the Muslim siege of Constantinople in 717?	Greek fire	8
3567962933	The leading figure in the synthesis of classical rational philosophy with Christian theology was a teacher at the University of Paris in the 13th century named?	thomas aquinas	9
3567965052	Closely identified with the cult of sacrifice and the ,military, the Aztecs social hierarchy developed a nobility referred to as the?	Pipiltin	10
3567967587	What group was responsible for the fall of the southern Song dynasty in 1279?	Mongols	11
3567969881	What was the relationship between the Ashikaga Shogunate and the emperor?	formed an alliance and worked together	12
3567973042	What was the most significant impact of the period of the mongol rule on Russia?	The period of Mongol rule reinforced the isolation of Russia from western Europe and the developments of the Renaissance and Reformation.	13
3567977632	Which of the following statements concerning the Ottoman Empire is most accurate?	Turkish rulers didn't promote maritime trade as vigorously had the Arabs	14
3567979060	What italian captain sailing for the monarchs of Spain reached the Americas in 1492?	Christopher Colombus	15
3567981550	How did the western view of science compared with that of other civilizations?	the west was not alone in developing crucial scientific data, but its thinkers were the only ones to see science in broader philosophical terms as central to intellectual life	16
3567984108	A characteristic of the human species before the advent of civilization was	the ability to spread to various geographic settings and climate zones	17
3567985763	Chinese art featured	careful craftsmanship and detail work	18
3567988237	The Mauryan dynasty differed for the Gupta dynasty in that	it ruled a larger territory	19
3567992406	Hellenistic society was known for its advances in	medicine and geometry	20
3567993789	Japan developed a religion called	Shintoism	21
3567995493	What was the Ka'ba	The religious shrine that was the focus of an annual truce	22
3567997760	In what year was Jerusalem captured by Christian crusaders	1099	23
3567998730	WHat was the form of political organization of the Yoruba people of Nigeria?	the yoruba were organized in a number of small city-states under the athority of regional kings	24
3567999588	What was the result of the conflict over the use of religious images in the Orthodox Church?	After a long and complex battle, icon use was gradually restored, while the tradition of state control over church affairs was also reasserted.	25
3568006933	Which of the following statements about the manorial system is not true?	it was technologically sophisticated	26
3568009309	Famous Explorer who conquered the Incas of Peru?	Francisco Pizarro	27
3568010349	Exploration of China and Asia ?	Marco Polo	28
3568012810	First Emperor of Rome?	Augustus Caesar	29
3568012813	Discovery of the New World by this famous explorer?	Christopher Columbus	30
3568014288	Spanish conqueror of Mexico and the Aztec empire?	Hernando Cortes	31
3568014289	Extinct species of Hominids meaning "Upright man"?	Homo Erectus	32
3568015795	Discovery of an ocean route from Portugal to the East by this famous explorer?	Vasco Da Gama	33
3568016319	First voyage around the world by this famous Explorer?	Ferdinand Magellan	34
3568016320	Belief in more than one god?	Polytheism	35
3568017505	War between the Athenians and Spartans?	Peloponnesian War	36
3568018369	Alexander the Great defeat what army?	Persians	37

Powered by Quizlet.com

Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

Class Notes

Social Science

Math

Science

Fine Arts

Test Prep

Textbook Notes

Members Only

Forum

Blogs

Textbook Request

AP World History Chapter 9 Strayer Flashcards

AP World History Flashcards

AP World History Midyear Flashcards

AP World History Vocab Flashcards

AP World History #3 Flashcards

AP World History: Ch. 37 Flashcards

AP World History Flashcards

AP World History Vocab Flashcards

AP WORLD HISTORY URBANSKI Flashcards

Flashcards

Pages

Need Help?

Need Notes?

About Course-Notes.Org

You are here

Pages

Need Help?

Need Notes?

About Course-Notes.Org