| 8439298430 | Science | An organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world | | 0 |
| 8439298433 | Biology | The study of life | | 1 |
| 8439298434 | Quantitative Data | Data measured with numbers | | 2 |
| 8439298435 | Qualitative Data | Data measured by descriptions | | 3 |
| 8439298436 | Observation | Using your five senses to obtain information | | 4 |
| 8439298437 | Interference | Making a conclusion from an observation or evidence | | 5 |
| 8439298438 | Scientific Method steps | 1.) Make and observation
2.) Form a question
3.) Form a hypothesis
4.) Conduct an experiment
5.) Analyse and draw a conclusion | | 6 |
| 8439428345 | Controlled Experiment | Experiment in which only one variable is changed | | 7 |
| 8439463003 | What are the variables in a controlled experiment | Independent, Dependent, and Controlled | | 8 |
| 8441215812 | Independent Variable | A variable that is intentionally changed to observe its effect on the dependent variable | | 9 |
| 8441241900 | Dependent variable | The event studied and expected to change when the independent variable is changed | | 10 |
| 8439482905 | Control Group | A group separated from the rest of the experiment where the independent variable being tested is not exposed | | 11 |
| 8439498183 | Characteristics of Life | 1.) Responsiveness to the environment
2.) Growth and change
3.) Ability to reproduce
4.) Have a metabolism and breathe
5.) Maintain homeostasis
6.) Being made of cells
7.) Passing traits onto offspring | | 12 |
| 8439532562 | Unicellular Organism | Prokaryotic (Single celled so it has one function) | | 13 |
| 8439533967 | Multi-cellular Organism | Eukaryotic (Different cells that perform different functions) | | 14 |
| 8439563657 | Sexual Reproduction vs Asexual Reprodution | Asexual is the creation of offspring from a single person and does not involve the joining of gametes, while sexual does and results in the creation of a being that is unique | | 15 |
| 8439576656 | Growth | Permanent increase in size and dry mass of an organism | | 16 |
| 8439584336 | Development | Increase in complexity of an organism | | 17 |
| 8439621457 | Macromolecule | Molecules composed of thousands of atoms: the four main classes being carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids | | 18 |
| 8439621458 | Polymer | Chain-like molecules, consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds | | 19 |
| 8439670870 | Dehydration Synthesis | Two or more smaller molecules are combined to form 1 larger molecule | | 20 |
| 8439670871 | Hydrolysis | One large molecule is broken apart with H₂O to form two or more smaller molecules | | 21 |
| 8439684287 | Describe the three main functions of carbohydrates | 1.) Short-term energy storage (source of energy for cells)
2.) Provide structure in plants, some animals, and other organisms
3.) Provide energy through oxidation | | 22 |
| 8439707141 | Describe the formula of a monosaccharide | They have the general molecular formula- (CH2O)n, where n can be 3, 5 or 6 | | 23 |
| 8439769140 | Cellulose | A polysaccharide made up of beta glucose monomers | | 24 |
| 8439890006 | Chitin | a structural polysaccharide in exoskeleton of bugs, crustaceans, etc. | | 25 |
| 8439914384 | How are lipids distinguishable from all the other macromolecules | Lipids aren't soluble in water and they don't form long sequences made up of similar or repeating smaller units | | 26 |
| 8439957933 | Why are lipids considered macromolecules, not polymers | Lipids are formed when a glycerol molecule combines with compounds called fatty acids | | 27 |
| 8439987059 | Describe the three main types of fats and oils | It provides energy, absorbs certain nutrients and maintains your core body temperature | | 28 |
| 8440070536 | Triglyceride structure | made of glycerol and 3 fatty acids | | 29 |
| 8440093164 | Saturated vs Unsaturated Fats | Saturated: solid at room temperature and has no double bonds between carbon atoms
Unsaturated fats: liquid at room temperature and has at least one double bond between carbon atoms (Lowers risk of heart disease) | | 30 |
| 8440134441 | Phospholipid | makes up your cell membranes and is critical to a cell's ability to function. | | 31 |
| 8440148335 | How do phospholipids vary from triglycerides | triglyceride contains three fatty acids attached to the glycerol backbone, while a phospholipid has two fatty acids plus a phosphate group attached to the glycerol | | 32 |
| 8440224577 | Explain how phospholipids align themselves to form cell membranes | Phospholipids in the plasma membrane are arranged in two layers, called a phospholipid bilayer | | 33 |
| 8440241171 | Describe the function of a hormone | They control and coordinate activities throughout the body | | 34 |
| 8440394869 | What happens when you have too much cholesterol in the blood? | It starts to build up in the arteries called atherosclerosis | | 35 |
| 8440427977 | Explain why there can be 100,000 different proteins but only 20 amino acids | Proteins are the building blocks of amino acids | | 36 |
| 8440462287 | Polypeptide Formation | a single linear chain of many amino acids, held together by amide bonds. A protein consists of one or more polypeptides (more than about 50 amino acids long) | | 37 |
| 8440503613 | What are the six main functions of proteins | 1.) Structural Support
2.) Movement
3.) Signal Transduction
4.) Binding
5.) Molecule transport across membranes
6.) Catalysis | | 38 |
| 8440515683 | What are the names of the 4 levels of protein structure | primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure |  | 39 |
| 8440540694 | what are some examples of a protein that has multiple subunits | hemoglobin, DNA polymerase, and ion channels | | 40 |
| 8440622499 | Explain what enzyme action is and why every enzyme doesn't fit every substrate | One molecule of the enzyme can cause a million molecules of carbon dioxide to react in one second and a substrate will only fit an active site of particular enzyme | | 41 |
| 8440647438 | DNA vs RNA | DNA: double-stranded, has deoxyribose sugar, contains thymine
RNA: single-stranded, has ribose sugar, contains uracil | | 42 |
| 8440684711 | Explain the significance of base pairing and how purines and pyrimidines are integral | The base pairing rule states that adenine pairs only with thymine and guanine pairs only with cytosine, and Purine bases bond to pyrimidine bases | | 43 |
| 8440714246 | Why is "you are what you eat" so true | it is important to eat good food in order to be healthy and fit | | 44 |
| 8440720969 | What is a cell | Basic building blocks of all living things | | 45 |
| 8440723437 | What are the three parts of the cell theory | 1.) All known living things are made up of one or
more cells.
2.) All living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division
3.) Cells are the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms | | 46 |
| 8440765993 | What scientist first used the term cell and why | Robert Hooke saw a series of walled boxes that reminded him of the tiny rooms, or cellula, occupied by monks | | 47 |
| 8440785849 | Eukaryotes vs Prokaryotes | Eukaryotes: (composed of cells) contain membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus
Prokaryotes: (composed of cells) do not contain a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle | | 48 |
| 8440817878 | Where do prokaryotes keep their DNA? Eukaryotes? | Prokayotes: DNA floats inside the cell
Eukaryotes: DNA is found in the nucleus | | 49 |
| 8440849954 | Membrane-Bound Organelle | Organelles that are surrounded by a plasma membrane to keep their internal fluids separate from the cytoplasm of the rest of the cell (ex. lysosomes, golgi complex, and the mitochondria) | | 50 |
| 8440873368 | Non Membrane-Bound Organelle | Organelles that aren't fluid filled and have a more solid structure (ex. ribosomes, the cell wall, and the cytoskeleton) | | 51 |
| 8440993182 | Cytosol vs Cytoplasm | Cytosol: the part of the cytoplasm that is not held by any of the organelles in the cell
Cytoplasm: the part of the cell which is contained within the entire cell membrane. | | 52 |
| 8441044306 | What organelles and parts are only found in animal cells? Plant cells? | Plant cells: cell wall, chloroplasts and other specialized plastids, and a large central vacuole
Animal cells: Lysosomes | | 53 |
| 8441084795 | What are the functions of all the organelles in animal and plant cells? | 1.) Cell wall: (plant, not animal) allows H2O, O2, CO2 to pass into and out of cell
2.) Cell membrane: (both plant/animal) controls movement of materials in/out of cell
3.) Nucleus: (both plant/animal) controls cell activities
4.) Nuclear membrane: (both plant/animal) surrounds nucleus
5.) Cytoplasm: (both plant/animal) clear, thick, jellylike material that supports and protects cell organelles
6.) Endoplasmic Reticulum: (both plant/animal) carries materials through cell
7.) Ribosome: (both plant/animal) produces proteins
8.) Mitochondrion: (both plant/animal) breaks down sugar molecules into energy
9.) Vacuole: (plant) fluid-filled sacs that store food, water, waste
10.) Lysosome: (Animal) breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules
11.) Chloroplast: (plant, not animal) uses energy from the sun to make food for the plant usually containing chlorophyll | | 54 |
| 8448747741 | cancer | A disease in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue. | | 55 |
| 8448766788 | Angiogenesis | The formation of new blood vessels. | | 56 |
| 8448772877 | Chemotherapy | The use of medication to destroy cancer cells | | 57 |
| 8448777988 | Thalidomide | A sedative that used to be prescribed to treat anxiety, tension, gastritis and insomnia | | 58 |
| 8448781185 | Metastasis | The spread of a tumor or cancer to distant parts of the body from its original site | | 59 |
| 8451094291 | Mitosis | A process of nuclear division that occurs when a parent cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells | | 60 |
| 8451112950 | Stages of Mitosis | 1.) Prophase
2.) Metaphase
3.) Anaphase
4.) Telophase | | 61 |
| 8451127726 | Prophase | (longest stage) The chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and move to opposite poles of the cell | | 62 |
| 8451203964 | Metaphase | The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell and become connected to the spindle fiber at their centromere | | 63 |
| 8451208371 | Anaphase | ("Ana" meaning "back") The sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are pulled apart | | 64 |
| 8451253155 | Telophase | The chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct rod-like shapes. Two new nuclear membranes then form around each of the two regions of DNA and the spindle fibers disappear | | 65 |
| 8451273411 | Cytokinesis | The cell membrane will pinch and divide the cytoplasm in half. The result is two individual cells that are identical to the original cell | | 66 |
| 8451279431 | Meiosis | A specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them | | 67 |
| 8451327571 | Stages of Meiosis | 1.) Prophase I
2.) Metaphase I
3.) Anaphase I
4.) Telophase I
5.) Prophase II
6.) Metaphase II
7.) Anaphase II
8.) Telophase II | | 68 |
| 8451355661 | Prophase I | Each chromosome comes near its replicated chromosome pair and crossing over occurs | | 69 |
| 8451359356 | Metaphase I | The pairs of homologous chromosomes line up in the center of the cell and the centromere of each chromatid pair attaches to one spindle fibre | | 70 |
| 8451359357 | Anaphase I | Homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell | | 71 |
| 8451364707 | Telophase I | The cytoplasm divides and two new cells form and each new cell has one duplicated chromosome from each similar pair | | 72 |
| 8451368274 | Prophase II | The duplicated chromosomes and spindle fibers reappear in each new cell | | 73 |
| 8451372009 | Metaphase II | The duplicated chromosomes move to the centre of the cell and each centromere attaches to two spindle fibres instead of one | | 74 |
| 8451372010 | Anaphase II | The chromatids seperate and move to opposite ends of the cell and each chromatid is now an individual chromosome | | 75 |
| 8451375244 | Telophase II | The spindle fibres disappear, and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes | | 76 |
