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AP World History Flashcards

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2805443778What is a creation narrative?A theory constructed by humans that suggests hiw the world and humans came to be0
2805443779What is the most significant way that modern science challenged Asian creation narratives?The most significant way modern science has challenged eating creation narratives is through finding how old are universe actually is and by determining that divine beings did not have a role in creating all life1
2805443780How does modern science's understanding of the universe compare to traditional creation narratives?The modern science is understanding of the universe says that the universe dates back to 13.8 billion years and that we evolved over a long period of time from apes. Traditional creation narratives on the other hand believe the first day of creation was in 4004 B.C.E. and that humans didn't evolve and instead were formed instantly2
2805443781What traits of Homo erectus children are discussed?The traits of Homo rectus children or their family dynamics, use of fire and their ability to migrate early due to their bipedalism3
2805443782What effects did the development of complex language have on Homo sapiens?The effect of the development of language on humans was a huge breakthrough. It allowed for individuals to be able to teach words, communicate words and enhance the ability to gather knowledge4
2805443783What advantages did larger brains give to early hominids?The advantages early hominids had with their large brains were their ability to adapt, communicate and survive in any settings. The biggest advantage being the ability to develop cognitive skills and therefore gaining capacity for language5
2805443784What characteristic did Homo habilis have that set apart from prior humans?The characteristic that set Homo habilis apart from early hominids was there larger and growing brains6
2805443785What is bipedalism?Bipedalism is being two footed7
2805443786What adaptive advantage did bipedalism give early hominids?The adaptive advantage bipedalism gave early hominids was the ability to keep their hands free so they could use their hands to carry food over long distances8
2805443787What discovery allowed Homo erectus to expand their diets, leading to even larger brain size?The discovery that allowed Homo rectus to expand their diets what's the use of fire to help cook food9
2805443788What evidence convinced scientist that hominids were more diverse than suggested by early finds like Lucy?The evidence that convince scientist that hominids were more diverse than thought of before was the findings of their bone remains. They discovered that hominids walked upright on 2 feet and their teeth indicated they were closer to modern humans then Lucy was10
2805443789What evolutionary survival trait is shared by all successful early hominids?Bipedalism11
2805443790What happened to the culture of Homo sapiens when they migrated out of Africa between 50,000 and 12,000 B.C.E.? Why did this happen?When the Homo sapiens migrated out of Africa their culture became more complex. As they migrated, they began to develop hand signals which later evolved to the language we speak today this cultural breakthrough This happened due to the instinct to communicate and through the evolution of simple commands and hand signals12
2805443791How did early Homo sapiens mark important ritual sites?Early Homo sapiens March important ritual sides through paintings13
2805443792What happened to the human language one human spread out of Africa?When humans spread out of Africa, the human language expanded into 19 different language families14
2805443793What phenomenon resulted in larger brained, quicker and more adaptable Homo sapiens to spread out of Africa?The phenomenon that caused more adaptable Homo sapiens was evolution. More specifically, the evolving from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens15
2805443794What are some things that scientist can infer about Homo sapiens hunter gatherers by studying contemporary hunter gatherer societies?Somethings that scientist can infer about Homo sapiens hunter gatherers is that they forage for food and were able to survive. They can also in for the different roles of the men and woman. For instance, how men specialized in hunting and women specialized in gathering and childbearing16
2805443795Where were sheep, goats, pigs and cattle first domesticated?Sheep and goats were first domesticated in the Zagros mountains region. Pigs and cattle like sheep and goats were first domesticated in Southwest Asia17
2805443796What ecological change contributed to the development of agriculture in Japan?The ecological change that contributed to the development of agriculture in Japan was rising sea levels, that caused where animals to be hunted which then caused people to have to find other ways to support themselves18
2805443797Which is the first European domesticated crops were also Southwest Asia and crops?Barley and wheat19
2805443798What led to the rise of the first major city states in Southwest Asia?The agricultural revolution20
2805443799Around 12,000 years ago, what did humans do in response to population pressure and changing climate conditions?Humans dispersed and took their agricultural and herding skills into other parts of Africa21
2805443800What was the first large mammal domesticated outside of Southwest Asia?Cattle22
2805443801What event is most responsible for the huge increase in the human population?The agricultural revolution23
2805443802Which crops formed the basis of village agriculture in China?Rice and millet24
2805443803How does the textbook describe the people in the Sahel region of Africa around 8000 B.C.E.?Hunters and gatherers that later became farmers and herders due to their ability to domesticate large herd animals and new crops25
2805443804What led to the diffusion of agricultural techniques from the Sahel region to other parts of Africa around 2000 BCE?The world is becoming warmer and the Sahara desert starting to expand cause the regions and happens to disburse this led to the diffusion of agricultural techniques26
2805443805What happened to the land bridge between East Asia and America's around 12,500 B.C.E.?It became covered with water due to melting glaciers27
2805443806What are some things that happened when early humans arrived in the Americas?It was thought that they had wiped out large ice age animals. Research later discovered that this was actually caused by the climate change28
2805443807Where were maize, potatoes and guinea pigs first domesticated?Maize and potatoes were domesticated in the agrarian communities. Guinea pigs were domesticated in the Andean Highlands29
2805443808Where wild barley and wheat first domesticated?They were first domesticated in the Franchthi cave in Greece30
2805443809What event led to social stratification?Craft specialization and the buildup of surpluses31
2805443810Where is the region known as the Fertile Crescent?The Fertile Crescent is in Mesopotamia which is in western Asia and north east Africa also it is right above Saudi Arabia and the Syrian desert32

AP Exam Review: Cells Flashcards

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6713037878active transportEnergy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference0
6713037879apoptosisA type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself1
6713039630aquaporinwater channel protein in a cell2
6713041141carrier proteina protein that transports substances across a cell membrane3
6713041142cell wallA rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.4
6713045775cytoskeletonA network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement5
6713045776diffusionPassive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.6
6713048097endocytosisA process in which a cell engulfs extracellular material through an inward folding of its plasma membrane.7
6713048098endoplasmic reticulumA system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.8
6713049492golgi apparatus (body)A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell9
6713049493hypertonicIn comparing two solutions, referring to the one with a greater solute concentration.10
6713049494hypotonicIn comparing two solutions, referring to the one with a lower solute concentration.11
6713050728isotonicHaving the same solute concentration as another solution.12
6713050729lysosomeAn organelle containing digestive enzymes13
6713052928plasma membraneA selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells14
6713052929phospholipidA molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail.15
6713054163plasmolysisA phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall; occurs when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment.16
6713054164prokaryotic cellA type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles.17
6713056422ribosomeorganelles that synthesize proteins; found in all cells18
6713056423selectively permeablea property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot19
6713059362facilitated diffusionMovement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels20
6713059363nucleusA cell structure that contains nucleic acids, the chemical instructions that direct all the cell's activities.21
6713059364osmosisDiffusion of water22
6713061843exocytosisProcess by which a cell releases large amounts of material23
6713063996vacuoleCell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates; found mostly in plants24

AP World history unit 6 Flashcards

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4047758923AlliesComposed of France, Britain, and Russia, and later Japan and Italy, the Allies fought the Central Powers in World War I. The United States joined the Allies in 1917, and after major economic and military blows, World War I ended with the Treaty of Versailles.0
4047763705ApartheidA social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against non-whites.1
4047765209ArmisticeAn agreement to stop fighting2
4047768758Asian TigersCollective name for South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore-nations that became economic powers in the 1970s and 1980s.3
4047773890Ataturk"Father of the Turks" who helped to create Republic of Turkey and wanted to modernize [westernize] Turkey as well as separate religion and government4
4047776751Kemal Mustafaturkish WW1 hero who defeated greek forces and announced start of republic of turkey (aka kemal ataturk)5
4047781877Atomic Energya former executive agency (from 1946 to 1974) that was responsible for research into atomic energy and its peacetime uses in the United States, Created a monopoly for the Federal government's control of fissionable materials (Uranium and Plutonium), Control atomic energy, control spread of nuclear weapons. Russia refused to let the US inpect.6
4047784895Ayatollah Khomeini(1900?-1989) Islamic religious leader who led a fundamentalist revolution in Iran in 1979. Ruled until 1989.7
4047787624Balfour DeclarationBritish document that promised land in Palestine as homeland for Jews in exchange for Jews help in WWI8
4047791010Berlin AirliftAirlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin9
4047791777Berlin WallA wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West10
4047798046Bolshevik PartyA political party that wanted Russia to lead an immediate worldwide revolution; it gained control of Russia by getting elected to the soviets by promising to leave World War I.11
4047799284CastroCommunist leader of Cuba12
4047800112Fidel(n) faithful, loyalty; strict observance of duty; accuracy in reproducing a sound or image13
4047804605Chiang Kai Shekgeneral and leader of Nationalist China after 1925. Although he succeeded Sun Yat-sen as head of the Guomindang, he became a military dictator whose major goal was to crush the communist movement led by Mao Zedong.14
4047807369ChurchillBritish Prime Minister who opposed the policy of appeasement and led Great Britain through World War II15
4047810888WinstonA noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West.16
4047816264Cultural RevolutionCampaign in China ordered by Mao Zedong to purge the Communist Party of his opponents and instill revolutionary values in the younger generation.17
4047817362Cold WarA conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years.18
4047820264CollectivizationCreation of large, state-run farms rather than individual holdings; allowed more efficient control over peasants; part of Stalin's economic and political planning; often adopted in other Communist regimes.19
4047821396communismA theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.20
4047823958ContainmentAmerican policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world21
4047825412DecolonizationThe collapse of colonial empires. Between 1947 and 1962, practically all former colonies in Asia and Africa gained independence.22
4047828406Democratizationthe process of creating a government elected by the people23
4047830119Doctrine(n.) a belief, principle, or teaching; a system of such beliefs or principles; a formulation of such beliefs or principles24
4047834059EgalitarianA person who believes in the equality of all people25
4047834060Ethnic CleansingProcess in which more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region26
4047834061FascismA political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition27
4047835591First Worldthe largely democratic and free-market states of the United States and Western Europe (Cold War to today)28
4047837117Front LineThe area between enemy territories where the fighting takes place29
4047838609HolocaustA methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.30
4047839850GlobalizationActions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.31
4047843822Great Leap ForwardChina's second five-year plan under the leadership of the impatient Mao, it aimed to speen up economic development while simultaneously developing a completely socialitst society. This plan failed and more than 20 million people starved between 1958 and 1960.32
4047843823Guerillaa member of a loosely organized fighting force that makes surprise attacks on enemy troops occupying his/her country33
4047846675Adolf HitlerAustrian-born founder of the German Nazi Party and chancellor of the Third Reich (1933-1945). His fascist philosophy, embodied in Mein Kampf (1925-1927), attracted widespread support, and after 1934 he ruled as an absolute dictator. Hitler's pursuit of aggressive nationalist policies resulted in the invasion of Poland (1939) and the subsequent outbreak of World War II. His regime was infamous for the extermination of millions of people, especially European Jews. He committed suicide when the collapse of the Third Reich was imminent (1945).34
4047847673HusseinAli's son, led a revolt during Umayyad against the people who killed Ali, lost, led to Shia/Sunni split35
4047847674SaddamWas a dictator in Iraq who tried to take over Iran and Kuwait violently in order to gain the land and the resources. He also refused to let the UN into Iraq in order to check if the country was secretly holding weapons of mass destruction.36
4047850541IsolationismA policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations37
4047852047Iron CurtainA political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eastern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region38
4047853189IsraelA Jewish state on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean, both in antiquity and again founded in 1948 after centuries of Jewish diaspora.39
4047853190JihadA holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal40
4047854845Liberaltolerant or broad-minded; generous or lavish41
4047856705M.A.I.N.Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism42
4047858803Mao Zedong(1893-1976) Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Established China as the People's Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976.43
4047858804NaziAdolf Hitler used fascism to create this type of government based on totalitarian ideas and was used to unite Germany during the 1930s.44
4047859922RecessionA slowdown in a nation's economy45
4047863178Josef StalinThe leader of Russia during WWII - wanted to spread communism throughout the world46
4047863179TerrorismActs of violence designed to promote a specific ideology or agenda by creating panic among an enemy population47
4047831484Treaty of Versailles(1919) treaty ending World War I; required Germany to pay huge war reparations and established the League of Nations48
4084326444Trench WarfareA form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield.49
4084326445USSRUnion of Soviet Socialist Republics50
4084329196Westernizationadoption of western ideas, technology, and culture51

AP Literature Vocabulary Quiz #5 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5390654532TremulousTimid; fearful; characterized as trembling, as from fear, nervousness, or weakness0
5390654533LionizeTo treat a person as a celebrity1
5390654534PetulantMoved to or showing sudden, impatient itritation, especially over some trifling annoyance2
5390654535AbjectUtterly hopeless, miserable, humiliating, or wretched3
5390654536RibaldVulgar or indecent in speech, language, etc.; coarsely mocking, abusive, or irreverent; scurrilous4
5390654537InveterateSettled or confirmed in habit, practice, feeling, or the like5
5390654538InsolentBoldly rude or disrespectful; contemptuously impertinent; insulting6
5390654539CholericExtremely irritable or easily angered7
5390654540PhlegmaticNot easily excited to action or display of emotion; apathetic; sluggish8
5390654541HistrionicDeliberately affected or self- conciously emotional; overly dramatic, in behavior or speech9
5390654542FacetiousNot meant to be taken seriously or literally10
5390654543WistfulCharacterized by melancholy; longing; yearning11

AP Lit & Composition, Tri 1 Exam Review Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
8148611852whimsicalplayfully quaint, in an amusing or appealing way0
8148611853homagespecial honor or publicly shown respect1
8148611854ferventHaving or displaying a passionate intensity2
8148611855pensiveEngaged in serious reflective or deep thought3
8148611856congenialPleasant or agreeable because it suits one's likes4
8148611857euphemismUsing a mild or vague expression in place of a harsh, blunt or offensive one5
8148611858enigmaA puzzling or unexplained occurrence, situation, or person6
8148611859lamentTo feel sorrow or regret for7
8148611860lucidEasily understood or clear; shining, bright8
8148611861analogousCorresponding or comparable to something else9
8148611862nonchalantCasually calm and relaxed; laidback10
8148611863overtDone or shown openly; not secret or hidden. Obvious.11
8148611864contemptFeeling that something is beneath consideration or worthless12
8148611865exemplifyTo be a typical/standard example of13
8148611866perniciousHaving a harmful effect, especially in a subtle or gradual way14
8148611867reverenceDeep respect for someone or something; high regard or esteem15
8148611868disseminationThe act of spreading something (typically information) widely16
8148611869cynicalBelieving that people are motivated by self interest; distrustful of sincerity17
8148611870formidableInspiring fear or respect through size, power, intensity, or capability18
8148611871moroseGloomy, ill-tempered, moody19
8148611872imperturbableUnable to be upset or excited; calm & collected20
8148611873sombreDark or dull in color/tone; gloomy21
8148611874resignedHaving accepted something unpleasant that one cannot do anything about22
8148611875divergedSeparate from another route23
8148611876convergeTend to meet at a point24
8148611877ominousGiving the impression that something bad or unpleasant is going to happen; threatening25
8148611878maladyA disease or ailment26
8148611879recluseA person who lives a solitary life and tends to avoid other people27
8148611880hastenTo be quick to do something28
8148611881tumultuouslyMaking a loud, confused noise; characterized by a noisy uproar29
8148611882impertinenceLack of respect; rudeness30
8148611883conjectureAn opinion formed on the basis of incomplete information31
8148611884magnanimousVery generous or forgiving, especially towards a rival or someone less powerful32
8148611885stuporA state of near-unconsciousness or intensity33
8148611886impedeTo delay or prevent by obstruction; to hinder34
8148630070précisa brief abstract of a paper, 1 paragraph long, that is the key essence of a work35
8148638426Types of meteriambic, anapestic, trochaic, dactylic, spondaic, pyrrhic36
8148640889line lengthmonometer, dimeter, trimeter, tetrameter, pentameter, hexameter37
8148649530scansion(1) the act of scanning, or analyzing poetry in terms of its rhythmic components (2) the graphic representation, indicated by marked accents, feet, etc., of the rhythm of a line or lines of verse38
8148649531dictionthe word choice an author makes in a piece39
8148653477syntaxthe word order in a sentence or piece40
8148655391symbolismAn object that represents something else and contains several layers of meaning41
8148658485imagerywords/ideas that represent something by appealing to senses; Helps create vivid imagery for reader to connect to the story; Often uses figurative language to create imagery.42
8148660223visual imagerysight43
8148660224auditory imagerysound44
8148661627olfactory imagerysmell45
8148661628gustatory imagerytaste46
8148663532tactile imagerytouch47
8148666145magical realismConsists mostly of true-to-life narrative punctuated by moments of whimsical, often symbolic, fantasy described in the same matter-of-fact tone48
8148667896ironyA figure of speech that is incongruent between what is expected and what actually happens - words are used in a way that their intended meaning is different than their actual meaning49
8148667897verbal ironyA discrepancy between what a speaker or writer says and what he believes to be true - when a speaker's intention is opposite of what s/he says; Similar to sarcasm50
8148671792situational ironyA discrepancy between expectation and reality; what one expects to happen is different than what actually happens; Tends to be generally considered funny or tragic; Creates unexpected twists at the end of stories51
8148673861dramatic ironyA discrepancy between the character's perception and what the reader or audience knows to be true - when the audience is aware of something the character is not aware of; Tends to be considered tragic52
8148675339zero endingsLoose ends of a story not tied up, leaving a lot of questions for the reader53
8148678617synecdochefigure of speech using parts to represent a whole or vice versa54
8148680200Author: "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings"Gabriel Garcia Marquez55
8148684774Author: "Sonny's Blues"James Baldwin56
8148685617Author: "A Good Man is Hard to Find"Flannery O'Connor57
8148687295Author: "Cathedral"Raymond Carver58
8148689346Author: "A Worn Path"Eudora Welty59
8148691574Author: "Hand"Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette60
8148691575Author: "The Man of Adamant"Nathaniel Hawthorne61
8148692796Author: "The Story of an Hour"Kate Chopin62
8148785653poetic meterthe rhythm within the poem63
8148788306poetic feetA poetic foot is a repeated sequence of rhythm comprised of two or more stressed and/or unstressed syllables.64
8148793336unstressed65
8148793337/stressed66
8148795584ᴗ /iamb67
8148795585/ ᴗtrochee68
8148797276ᴗ ᴗ /anapest69
8148799101/ ᴗ ᴗdactyl70
8148801214/ /spondee71
8148801215ᴗ ᴗpyrrhic72

AP Literature Vocab Set #6 Flashcards

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6096887875adulation (n)excessive admiration or flattery0
6096892465censure (n)harsh disapproval or criticism1
6096895458dissemble (v)to disguise or conceal one's identity2
6096902252acuity (n)acuteness of vision, keenness3
6096914081droll (adj)amusingly odd, whimsical4
6096915592surfeit (v or n)to overindulge in food or drink, the overindulgence of food or drink5
6096933867conciliatory (adj)appeasing, regaining friendship or goodwill6
6096935704ambivalent (adj)exhibiting the coexistence of opposing idea (love and hate)7
6096957070peremptory (adj)subject to no further debate8
6096965102capacious (adj)capable of containing a large quantity9

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