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AP Literature Vocab (Unit 5) Flashcards

4768220717	parallelism	(n) when the writer establishes similar patterns of grammatical structure and length.	0
4768220718	parody	(n) a kind of burlesque that is a humorous imitation of serious writing, usually for the purpose of making the style of an author appear ridiculous.	1
4768221417	persona	(n) the speaker or narrator of a text or poem. Cannot be assumed to be the author.	2
4768221418	personification	(n) the representation of abstractions, ideas, animals, or inanimate objects as human beings by endowing them with life-like qualities.	3
4768221419	plot	(n) the series of happenings in a literary work.	4
4768221420	point of view	(n) the relation between the teller of the story and the characters in it.	5
4768222039	polysyndeton	(n) using many conjunctions to achieve an overwhelming effect in a sentence.	6
4768222040	prosody	(n) the mechanics of verse poetry - its sounds, rhythms, scansions and meter, stanzaic form, alliteration, assonance, euphony, onomatopoeia, and rhyme.	7
4768222041	protagonist	(n) the leading character in a literary work.	8
4768222042	pun	(n) a play on words; a humorous use of a word that has different meanings or of two or more words with the same or nearly the same sound but different meanings.	9
4768222043	rhyme	(n) exact repetition of sounds in at least the final accented syllables of two or more words.	10
4768222640	rhyme scheme	(n) the pattern of rhyme. The traditional way to mark these patterns of rhyme is to assign a letter of the alphabet to each rhyming sound at the end of each line.	11
4768222641	satire	(n) the technique that employs wit to ridicule a subject, usually some social institution or human foible, with the intention of inspiring reform.	12
4768222642	setting	(n) the time, place, societal situation, and weather in which the action of a narrative occurs.	13
4768222643	simile	(n) a figure of speech involving a comparison of two unlike things using 'like' or 'as'.	14

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AP Literature Unit 10 Vocabulary Flashcards

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5864108799	acumen	(n.) keenness of insight; quickness or accuracy of judgement	0
5864108800	adjudicate	(v.) to act as judge in a matter; to settle through the use of a judge or legal tribunal	1
5864108801	anachronism	(n.) a chronological misplacing of events, objects, customs, or persons in regard to each other	2
5864108802	apocryphal	(adj.) of doubtful or questionable authenticity	3
5864108803	disparity	(n.) a difference or inequality in age, rank, degree, amount, or quality; a dissimilarity, unlikeness	4
5864108804	dissimulate	(v.) to hide or disguise one's true thoughts, feelings, or intentions	5
5864108805	empirical	(adj.) derived from, dependent upon, or guided by practical experience, observation, or experiment, rather than by theory; so verifiable	6
5864108806	flamboyant	(adj.) highly elaborate or ornate; vividly colored; strikingly brilliant or bold	7
5864108807	fulsome	(adj.) offensively insincere or excessive; disgusting, sickening	8
5864108808	immolate	(v.) to kill as a sacrifice, especially by fire; to destroy or renounce for the sake of another	9
5864108809	imperceptible	(adj.) extremely slight; incapable of being perceived by the senses or the mind	10
5864108810	lackey	(n.) a uniformed male servant; a servile follower	11
5864108811	liaison	(n.) the contact or means of communication between groups; someone acting as such a contact; any close relationship; a thickening or binding agent used in cooking	12
5864108812	monolithic	(adj.) characterized by massiveness, solidness, and total uniformity	13
5864108813	mot juste	(n.) the most suitable or exact word or expression	14
5864108814	nihilism	(n.) a total rejection of existing laws; extreme radicalism	15
5864108815	patrician	(n.) a member of the ruling class; a person of high rank; (adj.) belonging to, befitting, or characteristic of such a person	16
5864108816	propitiate	(v.) to make someone or something favorable inclined toward oneself; to conciliate, satisfy, or appease	17
5864108817	sic	(adv.) thus so; intentionally written so	18
5864108818	sublimate	(v.) to redirect the energy of a biological or instinctive impulse into a higher or more acceptable channel	19

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AP World History Review Flashcards

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6751974869	vedas	religious texts of hinduism	0
6751980100	polis	a greek city state	1
6751988728	brahmin	priest caste	2
6751991028	huns	nomadic group that forced the goths and vandals into rome	3
6751995457	monsoon	seasonal wind	4
6751997382	dynasty	a series of rulers from the same family	5
6751999568	heiroglyphics	egyptian writing system; based on pictographs	6
6752002479	cuneiform	writing system of mesopotamia; used wedges	7
6752008106	covenant	agreement; the basis of judeo-christian religion (between Abraham and God)	8
6752016108	oracle bones	used by shang dynasty to get messages from the gods	9
6752020097	the analects	writings of confucius	10
6752027246	steppe	dry grassland (like where mongols live)	11
6752029222	Yahweh	jewish word for god	12
6752032395	aristotle	believed in reason and observation	13
6752034844	yin and yang	chinese belief about the forces that bring balance to life	14
6752043186	nirvana	heaven for buddhists; ends cycle of reincarnation	15
6752046827	filial piety	in chinese tradition; respect for elders	16
6752050017	moksha	heaven for hindus; ends cycle of reincarnation	17
6752052579	karma	in hinduism; the belief that good or bad deeds have consequences	18
6752058725	alexander the great	macedonian king who conquered land from greece to india and caused hellenism	19
6752062338	ziggurat	mesopotamian temples	20
6752063886	disciple	one of the followers of jesus	21
6752066282	zoroastrianism	first monotheistic religion; had duality; religion of the persian empire	22
6752076309	matrilineal	social system through which inheritance is traced through the mother	23
6752084300	law of the twelve tables	codified legal system in rome	24
6752087165	mandate of heaven	the right for chinese emperors to rule is ordained by the gods (convenient excuse to overthrow someone)	25
6752098845	geocentric theory	belief that earth is at the center of the universe pre scientific revolution	26
6752104407	animism	belief that spirits inhabit nature	27
6752105981	sati	practice of hindu upperclass women to throw themselves on the funeral pyre of their husbands	28
6752114046	hellenism	spread of greek culture, art, and influence	29
6752117407	diaspora	the exile of a racial or ethnic group from their homeland	30
6752126456	torah	the first 5 books of jewish scripture	31
6752136454	pope	head of roman catholic church	32
6752141495	neolithic revolution	the invention of farming and domestication of animals	33
6752150487	stoicism	hellenistic philosophy that focused on discipline and helping others	34
6752158740	dharma	the position in the hindu caste system that was determined by birth	35
6752165340	pastoralism	the practice of herding	36
6752170893	pax romana	time of roman peace and prosperity in the first two centuries CE	37
6752175855	untouchables	the group outside of the hindu caste system that do menial tasks	38
6752186263	syncretism	a blend of two or more cultural traditions	39
6752188474	hadith	collection of sayings of mohammed	40
6752192002	magna carta	english legal document that granted rights to nobles over the monarchy	41
6752196601	harem	household of wives and concubines in the middle east, africa, or asia	42
6752205127	daimyo	feudal japanese lord in charge of samurai	43
6752211647	mita (part 1)	labor system where communities in the andes share work for their ruler (rotating basis)	44
6752240269	bakufu	military government in japan (emperor just a figurehead)	45
6752242055	khan	mongol ruler	46
6752274209	astrolabe	navigation instrument invented my islamic scholars	47
6752278018	serf	a peasant who is bound to the land they work on	48
6752281886	neo-confucianism	blend of buddhism and confucianism during song	49
6752291073	feudalism	a political, economic, and social structure between a lord and a vassal in exchange for protection	50
6752296201	kowtow	ritual required by the chinese (tang dynasty) to trade with them	51
6752300211	caravel	small ship used by columbus and other spanish and portugese expeditions	52
6752306538	stateless society	a society based on kinship groups rather than centralized rule	53
6752310853	quipu	system of knots used by the inca for record keeping	54
6752313938	manorialism	self-sufficient estates in medieval europe	55
6752322389	zakat	the third pillar of islam; a tax that goes to charity	56
6752324385	dhimmi	"people of the book" namely christians and jews who received protection in islamic society	57
6752333057	minaret	a tower on a mosque	58
6752334624	lateen sails	triangular sails that made ships more maneuverable	59
6752336756	abacus	an ancient chinese counting device	60
6752339777	sultan	islamic leader	61
6752344626	gothic architecture	twelfth century european architecture style feature flying buttresses, pointed arches, and stained glass	62
6752357208	calpulli	clans that provided the aztecs with soldiers and labor	63
6752365104	toltecs	central american society; used tribute system to rule	64
6752413809	ming dynasty	period 4: after yuan (mongols) Return to confucian values, civil service, discourage mongol culture Zheng He's voyages Overthrown by Qing	65
6752423931	yuan dynasty	period 3: after song mongols (Kublai Khan) religious tolerance no confucian civil service (brought in mongols) overthrown by white lotus	66
6752440876	mississippians	period 3: north american matrilineal built mounds	67
6752788500	five pillars	5 required practices of islam (charity, only one true god, pilgrimage to mecca, and fast during ramadan)	68
6752794915	ayllus	in inca society, family groups that work together on projects	69
6752803777	fief	a grant of land in medieval europe given for military or other service	70
6752806897	vasssal	in medieval europe, a person who pledged military or other service to a lord in exchange for land	71
6752814362	jihad	islamic holy war	72
6752814363	junks	large chinese sailing ships designed for long distance travel (tang and song dynasties)	73
6752883076	flying money	letters of credit instead of coins during Tang	74
6752921959	shogun	military leader of japan under the bakufu	75
6752924096	sufi mystics	help spread islam by appealing to rituals	76
6752940265	bantu migrations	period 3: spread iron, bananas, and language	77
6752971292	chinampa agriculture	used by the aztecs, it was floating rafts on the canals of tenochtitlan	78
6752980208	bushi	regional japanese military leaders that ruled small kingdoms from fortresses (like a baron)	79
6752994390	malay sailors	traveled by the indian ocean, colonized madagascar and introduced bananas	80
6752999699	griots	storytellers of sub-saharan africa that carried vocal tradition	81
6753002746	battle of tours	in 732, halted the progress of islam into europe	82
6753008320	investiture	the right of monarchs to appoint church leaders	83
6753012320	shariah	islamic law	84
6753017143	sunni	the largest branch of islam, believes muslim community should select leaders	85
6753020445	shiite	believes leaders must be descendants of mohammad	86
6753025305	sunni/shiite split	occurred over succession battle of mohammad	87
6753028852	caliph	chief islamic political and religious leader	88
6753034089	scholar-gentry	the chinese class of well educated men and bureaucrats	89
6753036944	bushido	the honor code of the samurai	90
6753040992	uma	community of muslim believers	91
6753047384	quran	the holy book of islam	92
6753049971	dar al-islam	the political and religious unity of the muslim world	93
6753052636	sepukku	japanese ritual suicide	94
6753054930	samurai	military class in japan	95
6753063023	pax mongolia	from 1250-1350 when the mongols secured trade routes	96
6753067754	hajj	the pilgrimage to mecca	97
6753070999	shogunate	rule of the shoguns	98
6753072837	shinto	traditional japanese religion based on ancestor veneration and the spirits of nature	99
6753077543	mamluks	the Turkic military slaves in the abbasid army	100
6753091682	mercantilism	a european economic policy that obtained all the wealth possible from colonies (they had a monopoly on exports from colonies)	101
6753109433	period 1	prehistory-600 BCE	102
6753114033	period 2	600 BCE-600 CE	103
6753115919	period 3	600-1450	104
6753121408	period 4	1450-1750	105
6753123255	period 5	1750-1900	106
6753126392	period 6	1900-present	107
6753130209	scientific revolution	european intellectual movement in the seventeenth century that established the basis for modern science	108
6753139202	parliamentary monarchy	a monarchy whose power is limited by a democratically elected parliament	109
6753146314	enlightenment	a philosophical movement in eighteenth century europe that was based on reason and the concept that education and training could improve human society	110
6753154123	viceroyalty	a political unit ruled by a viceroy that was the basis of organization of the Spanish colonies	111
6753158624	encomienda	european colonists forced native americans to work on agricultural work, similar to serfdom	112
6753168801	devshirme	ottoman empire took christian boys and drafted them into the army (janissaries) and other service	113
6753179495	protestant reformation	led by Martin Luther that wanted to reform church corruption	114
6753185168	nation-state	a sovereign state whose people share a common ethnicity and identity	115
6753192964	peninsulares	born in spain or portugal, they were at the top of the latin american social heirarchy	116
6753197662	creoles	born in latin america to european parents	117
6753204557	taj mahal	a tomb built for the wife of a mughal emperor	118
6753206777	adam smith	invented capitalism	119
6753208596	laissez-faire	government should not interfere or regulate businesses	120
6753214027	philosophes	french enlightenment thinkers	121
6753217596	mualto	mixed african and european descent	122
6753218974	mestizo	mixed latin american and european descent	123
6753223315	qing dynasty	period 4 last dynasty manchu opium wars taiping and boxer rebellions	124
6753230512	boyars	russian nobility	125
6753236935	equestrians	really really rich roman social class (like super rich)	126
6753241533	helots	spartan slaves	127
6753247487	patricians	artistocrats in rome	128
6753247488	plebians	peasants in rome	129
6753251492	tribunes	elected to represent plebians	130
6753255798	latifundia	large farm in rome run by equestrians	131
6753265573	consuls	military leaders (2x) of rome	132
6753270451	ashoka	leader of mauryan dynasty, converted to buddhism	133
6753274481	rock and pillar edicts	codified laws of mauryan dynasty	134
6753277743	royal road	persian road system	135
6753279385	caravanserai	caravan stop points set up by persian empire	136
6753282866	eyes and ears of the king	persian spy system	137
6753289534	treaty of tordeillas	divided up south america between portugal and spain to limit colonial conflict	138
6753295850	predestination	by John Calvin, stated that people were determined by god from birth that they were going to hell	139
6753303851	glorious revolution	William and Mary take the english crown peacefully and support democracy	140
6753311707	hagia sofia	in istanbul, built by byzantines, but converted to a mosque under the ottomans	141
6753319853	estate-general	legislative body in france (one estate from each social class)	142
6753323302	tennis court oath	third estate demanded votes per member in estate-general and a constitution that limited kings power	143
6753357039	self-strengthening movement	period 5: qing dynasty attempted industrialization by modernizing army, building railroads, and encouraging investment	144
6753366740	queu	the long ponytail mandated by the manchus	145
6753369365	cottage industry	pre-industrialization where people worked in their homes on highly specialized jobs	146
6753468402	declaration of the rights of man	the french declaration of independence	147
6753476856	declaration of the rights of women	written by Olmype de Gouges in response to the declaration of the rights of man	148
6753481659	Karl Marx	inventor of communism	149
6753483983	communism	political philosophy where the government controls the means of production	150
6753492585	liberalism	political philosophy where civil rights, private property, and representative government are supported	151
6753500907	guano	bird droppings used as fertilizer that was a major peruvian export	152
6753520511	suez canal	connected the isthmus of egypt, opposed by mohammad ali jinnah	153
6753529563	napoleonic code	codified laws by Napoleon (duh)	154
6753858897	economic imperialism	control of a country's economy by the companies of another nation	155
6753871116	spheres of influence	divisions of a country in which a foreign country enjoys economic privileges (ex: Hong Kong)	156
6753897536	bourgeoisie	in France, the class of merchants and artisans who were members of the Third Estate and initiators of the French Revolution; in Marxist theory, a term referring to factory owners.	157
6753906024	proletarian	in Marxist theory, the class of workers in an industrial society	158
6753913257	conservatism	in nineteenth-century Europe, a movement that supported monarchies, aristocracies, and state-established churches	159
6753918214	zaibatsu	large, family industrial companies created in Japan during the meiji restoration (ex: toyota)	160
6753933584	tanzimat reforms	new law codes, reformed military, education, roads, canals, mail system	161
6754046366	monroe doctrine	policy that declared that foreign powers were not allowed to interfere in the western hemisphere	162
6754061747	Indian National Congress	political party that led the independence movement against great britain	163
6754061748	Berlin Conference	european nations divided up africa	164
6754064406	Congress of Berlin	european nations divided up the baltic states	165
6754090879	boxer rebellion	revolt against foreign influence in China	166
6754094076	taiping rebellion	revolt against manchu emperors of qing dynasty	167
6754099925	sepoy mutiny	revolt of Indian soldiers against the British; caused by rubbing pig and cow grease on muslim and hindu soldiers guns	168
6754115342	young turks	organization that believed in turkification, founded in the Ottoman Empire; its goal was to restore the constitution of 1876 and to reform the empire.	169
6754138465	boers	south africans of dutch descent	170
6754141426	sepoys	south asian soldiers who served in the british army	171
6754163035	revolution of 1905	strikes by urban workers and peasants in Russia; prompted by shortages of food and by Russia's loss to Japan in 1905.	172
6754167941	enclosure movement	the privitazation of land that caused many farmers to starve and led to increased urbanization. One of the causes of the industrial revolution	173
6754214826	capital	the money and equipment needed to industrialize	174
6754217094	reign of terror	the period of extreme violence during the french revolution	175
6754239608	gran columbia	temporary government formed by Simon Bolivar during the latin american revolutions	176
6754266662	treaty of nanking	ended the opium wars hong kong became british colony british extraterritoriality more ports opened besides canton	177
6754293961	meij restoration	built a railroad abolished feudalism constitutional monarchy no samurai education conscription	178
6754311417	pogrom	violence against jews in tsarist russia	179
6754315064	sino-japanese war	war between japan and china to get control of korea (japan wins)	180
6754320970	russo-japanese war	war between russia and japan over manchurian territory and russian railroad expansion (japan wins)	181
6754329877	boer war	war between british and dutch regarding dutch independence in south africa (british win)	182
6754336303	xhosa cattle killing	in response to british imperialism of south africa, millions of cattle killed resulting in famine	183
6754346464	may fourth movement	protest in china against treaty of versailles and foreign influence	184
6754362692	potsdam conference	a 1945 meeting of the leaders of Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union in which it was agreed that the Soviet Union would be given control of eastern Europe and that Germany would be divided into zones of occupation. set the stage for the cold war	185
6754411695	yalta conference	Formed United Nations eventually Roosevelt wanted self-determination for baltic states but there were no assurances set the stage for cold war	186
6754458053	cultural revolution	led by Mao and his Red Guards, went on purges of everything not communist	187
6754496079	great leap forward	Organized peasants into communes Peasants not allowed to own land Those that protested were sent to "reeducation" camps or killed 20 million died from famines	188
6754512759	spanish civil war	conflict from 1936 to 1939 that resulted in the installation of fascist dictator Francisco Franco as ruler of Spain; Franco's forces were backed by Germany and Italy, whereas the Soviet Union supported the opposing republican forces.	189
6754512784	kabuki theater	a form of Japanese theater developed in the seventeenth century that features colorful scenery and costumes and an exaggerated style of acting.	190
6754542385	iron curtain	a metaphorical description of the divide between the Communist East and Democratic Western Europe	191
6754557943	fascism	a political movement that is characterized by extreme nationalism, one-party rule, and the denial of individual rights.	192
6757698749	russification	an education program in tsarist russia that required non-Russians to speak only Russian and provided education only for those groups loyal to russia	193
6757700448	mandate	a type of colony in which the government is overseen by another nation, as in the Middle Eastern mandates placed under European control after World War I.	194
6757701970	marshall plan	US funding to rebuild europe after WW2	195
6757704161	world bank	an agency of the United Nations that offers loans to countries to promote trade and economic development.	196
6757705661	world trade organization	an international organization begun in 1995 to promote and organize world trade.	197
6757706610	international monetary fund	an international organization founded in 1944 to promote market economies and free trade.	198
6757712838	european union	an organization designed to reduce trade barriers and promote economic unity in Europe; it was formed in 1993 to replace the European Community.	199
6757721642	NAFTA	north american free trade agreement prohibits tariffs and other trade barriers between Mexico, the United States, and Canada	200
6757723664	kuomindang	china's nationalist political party founded by Sun Yat-sen in 1912	201
6757725172	containment	cold war policy by the US that wanted to prevent the spread of communism	202
6757727078	central powers	in WW1, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, and other nations who fought with them against the Allies	203
6757729267	allied powers WW1	Great Britain, France, Russia, the United States, and others that fought against the Central Powers	204
6757729268	allied powers WW2	Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States, that fought against the Axis Powers	205
6757731281	axis powers	germany, japan, and other countries that fought against the allies in WW2	206
6757732873	league of nations	international organization founded after WW1 to promote peace and cooperation among nations	207
6757734395	OPEC	organization of petroleum exporting countries formed in I960 by oil-producing countries to regulate oil supplies and prices	208
6757737858	five year plans	plans for industrial production first introduced to the Soviet Union in 1928 by Stalin; they succeeded in making the Soviet Union a major industrial power by the end of the 1930s.	209
6757739375	appeasement	policy of great britain and france of making concessions	210
6757742658	afrikaners		211

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ap world history dates Flashcards

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2560499311	8000 bce	beginnings of agriculture	0
2560499657	3000 bce	beginnings of bronze age and early civilizations	1
2560499658	1300 bce	iron age	2
2560500658	6th century bce	life of buddha, confucius, laozi	3
2560503819	5th century bce	greek golden age	4
2560503997	323 bce	alexander the great	5
2560504212	221 bce	qin unified china	6
2560504432	32 ce	beginnings of christianity	7
2560504908	180 ce	end of pax romana	8
2560505357	220 ce	end of han dynasty	9
2560505358	333 ce	roman capital moved to constantinople	10
2560505758	4th century ce	beginnings of trans-saharan trade routes	11
2560506567	476 ce	fall of rome	12
2560506754	527 ce	justinian rule of byzantium	13
2560507120	622 ce	founding of islam	14
2560507315	732 ce	battle of tours (end of muslim move into france)	15
2560507907	1054 ce	great schism in christian church	16
2560508278	1066 ce	norman conquest of england	17
2560508885	1071 ce	battle of manzikert (seljuk turks over byzantium)	18
2560509226	1095 ce	1st crusade	19
2560509358	1258 ce	mongols sack baghdad	20
2560509856	1271-1295 ce	marco polo's travels	21
2560510177	1324 ce	mansa musa's pilgrimage	22
2560510589	1325-1349 ce	travels of ibn battuta	23
2560510805	1433 ce	end of zheng he's voyages	24
2560516949	1453 ce	ottomans capture constantinople	25
2560517438	1488	diaz rounds cape of good hope	26
2560517829	1492	columbus / reconquista of spain	27
2560518161	1502	1st slaves to americas	28
2560518163	1517	martin luther's 95 theses	29
2560518763	1521	cortez conquers aztecs	30
2560518953	1533	pizzaro topples inca	31
2560518954	1571	battle of lepanto	32
2560519301	1588	defeat of spanish armada by british forces	33
2560519608	1600	battle of sekigahara, beginning of tokugawa shogunate	34
2560520648	1607	foundation of jamestown	35
2560520952	1618-1648	30 years war	36
2560520953	1683	unsuccessful ottoman siege of vienna	37
2560521531	1689	glorious revolution, english bill of rights	38
2560523597	1756-1763	7 years war, french and indian war	39
2560523598	1776	american revolution	40
2560524207	1789	french revolution	41
2560524412	1804	haitian independence	42
2560524724	1815	congress of vienna	43
2560524901	1820s	indepence in latin america	44
2560524902	1839	1st opium war	45
2560525135	1848	european revolutions, communist manifesto	46
2560525748	1853	commodore perry opens japan	47
2560525994	1857	sepoy mutiny	48
2560526172	1861	end of russian serfdom, italian unification	49
2560526503	1863	emancipation proclamation	50
2560526710	1871	german unification	51
2560526973	1885	berlin conference	52
2560527458	1898	spanish-american war	53
2560527624	1899	boer war	54
2560527625	1905	russo-japanese war	55
2560527923	1910-1920	mexican revolution	56
2560528108	1911	chinese revolution	57
2560528109	1914	wwi	58
2560528240	1917	russian revolution	59
2560528417	1919	treaty of versailles	60
2560528758	1929	stock market crash	61
2560528759	1931	japanese invasion of manchuria	62
2560529035	1935	italian invasion of ethiopia	63
2560529282	1939	german blitzkreig in poland	64
2560529730	1941	pearl harbor	65
2560530005	1945	end of wwii	66
2560530250	1947	independence of partition of india	67
2560530388	1948	birth is israel	68
2560530601	1949	chinese communist revolution	69
2560531061	1950-53	korean war	70
2560531273	1954	vietnamese defeat french at dien bien phu	71
2560531798	1956	de-stalinization, nationalization of suez canal	72
2560532466	1959	cuban revolution	73
2560532895	1962	cuban missile crisis	74
2560533154	1967	6 day war, chinese cultural revolution	75
2560533480	1973	yom kippur war	76
2560533786	1979	iranian revolution	77
2560534020	1987	1st palestinian intifada	78
2560534489	1989	tiananmen square, fall of berlin wall	79
2560534719	1991	fall of ussr, 1st gulf war	80
2560534960	1994	genocide in rwanda, 1st all race elections in s. africa	81
2560535616	2001	9-11 attacks	82

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AP WORLD HISTORY Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

2737492975	BCE	Before Common Era	0
2737493132	CE	Common Era	1
2737493355	Abdicate	(of a monarch) renounce one's throne (step down) fail to fulfill or undertake (a responsibility or duty).	2
2737493356	Accession	the attainment or acquisition of a position of rank or power, typically that of monarch or president.	3
2737493357	Aesthetic	a set of principles underlying and guiding the work of a particular artist or artistic movement.	4
2737493552	Agrarian	of or relating to cultivated land or the cultivation of land.	5
2737493553	Amenities	desirable or useful features or facilities of a building or place.	6
2737493554	Anarchy	a state of disorder due to absence or nonrecognition of authority.	7
2737493905	Animism	the attribution of a soul to plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena. the belief in a supernatural power that organizes and animates the material universe.	8
2737493906	Antiquity	the ancient past, especially the period before the Middle Ages great age	9
2737493907	Appeasement	pacify or placate (someone) by acceding to their demands. relieve or satisfy (a demand or a feeling).	10
2737495299	Aristocracy	the highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles or offices.	11
2737495300	Asceticism	severe self-discipline and avoidance of all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons.	12
2737495525	Assimilate	take in (information, ideas, or culture) and understand fully. cause (something) to resemble; liken.	13
2737495526	Authoritarian	favoring or enforcing strict obedience to authority, especially that of the government, at the expense of personal freedom.	14
2737495527	Autocracy	a system of government by one person with absolute power.	15
2737495528	Barbarism	absence of culture and civilization. extreme cruelty or brutality.	16
2737495749	Bureaucracy/Bureaucrats	a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.	17
2737495750	City-State	a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.	18
2737495751	Civic	of or relating to a city or town, especially its administration; municipal.	19
2737495752	Classical	of or relating to ancient Greek or Latin literature, art, or culture. (typically of a form of art) regarded as representing an exemplary standard; traditional and long-established in form or style.	20
2737496077	Colonial	of, relating to, or characteristic of a colony or colonies.	21
2737496078	Commerce	the activity of buying and selling, especially on a large scale	22
2737496079	Communal	shared by all members of a community; for common use.	23
2737496510	Concubine	(in polygamous societies) a woman who lives with a man but has lower status than his wife or wives.	24
2737496511	Conscription	compulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces.	25
2737496512	Cosmopolitan	familiar with and at ease in many different countries and cultures.	26
2737497991	Coup	a sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government. a notable or successful stroke or move.	27
2737497992	Demography/Demographic	the composition of a particular human population.	28
2737498116	Despot	a ruler or other person who holds absolute power, typically one who exercises it in a cruel or oppressive way.	29
2737498117	Diaspora	Jews living outside Israel. the dispersion of the Jews beyond Israel. the dispersion of any people from their original homeland.	30
2737498118	Dissent	hold or express opinions that are at variance with those previously, commonly, or officially expressed. the expression or holding of opinions at variance with those previously, commonly, or officially held.	31
2737498302	Dissident	a person who opposes official policy, especially that of an authoritarian state.	32
2737498303	Domestic/Domesticate	existing or occurring inside a particular country; not foreign or international.	33
2737498304	Dynasty/Dynastic	a line of hereditary rulers of a country.	34
2737498464	Edict	an official order or proclamation issued by a person in authority.	35
2737498465	Egalitarian	of, relating to, or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities	36
2737498466	Elite	a select part of a group that is superior to the rest in terms of ability or qualities.	37
2737498467	Emigrate	Move out of, away from	38
2737500203	Epic	a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the history of a nation	39
2737522458	Ethnocentric	evaluating other peoples and cultures according to the standards of one's own culture.	40
2737522459	Feudalism	the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.	41
2737522463	Genocide	the killing of a large group of people, usually because of their religion or race	42
2737523321	Gentry	people of good social position, specifically (in the UK) the class of people next below the nobility in position and birth.	43
2737523322	Guild	a medieval association of craftsmen or merchants, often having considerable power. an association of people for mutual aid or the pursuit of a common goal.	44
2737523323	Hierarchy	a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.	45
2737523324	Hominids	a primate of a family ( Hominidae ) that includes humans and their fossil ancestors.	46
2737523661	Homogenous	of the same genous having the same relation, relative position, or structure, in particular.	47
2737523909	Ideology	a system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.	48
2737523910	Imperial	of or relating to an empire.	49
2737524170	Indigenous	originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native.	50
2737524171	INfrastructure	the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.	51
2737524172	Lineage	lineal descent from an ancestor; ancestry or pedigree.	52
2737524402	Linguistic	of or relating to language or linguistics.	53
2737524900	manifest	display or show (a quality or feeling) by one's acts or appearance; demonstrate.	54
2737524901	maritime	having to do w the ocean	55
2737524902	martial	of or appropriate to war; warlike.	56
2737524906	matrilineal	of or based on kinship with the mother or the female line.	57
2737525204	mercenary	Soldier hired to fight for foreign army	58
2737525205	monarchy	a form of government in which sovereignty is actually or nominally embodied in one or several individual(s) reigning until death or abdication	59
2737525206	monopoly	the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service.	60
2737525207	monotheism	believing that there is only 1 god	61
2737525526	mystical	of or relating to mystics or religious mysticism.	62
2737525527	nation-state	a sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent.	63
2737525528	neo	new.	64
2737525529	neolithic	of, relating to, or denoting the later part of the Stone Age, when ground or polished stone weapons and implements prevailed.	65
2737525530	nomadic	anything that involves moving around a lot	66
2737525723	oligarchy	a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.	67
2737525724	pantheon	all the gods of a people or religion collectively.	68
2737525725	papal/papacy	the office or authority of the pope.	69
2737525933	parliament	a system of democratic governance of a state in which the executive branch derives its democratic legitimacy from, and is held accountable to, the legislature (parliament); the executive and legislative branches are thus interconnected	70
2737525934	pastoral	(especially of land or a farm) used for or related to the keeping or grazing of sheep or cattle. (in the Christian Church) concerning or appropriate to the giving of spiritual guidance.	71
2737525935	patriarchal	of, relating to, or characteristic of a system of society or government controlled by men.	72
2737526098	patrilineal	of, relating to, or based on relationship to the father or descent through the male line.	73
2737526099	patronage	the support given by a patron. the power to control appointments to office or the right to privileges.	74
2737526100	peasant	a poor farmer of low social status who owns or rents a small piece of land for cultivation (chiefly in historical use or with reference to subsistence farming in poorer countries).	75
2737526101	pharaoh	a ruler in ancient Egypt.	76
2737526265	piety	the quality of being religious or reverent.	77
2737526266	polity	a form or process of civil government or constitution. an organized society; a state as a political entity.	78
2737526267	polygamy	marriage that involves more than two people	79
2737526465	polytheism	believing that there is more than one god, in multiple gods	80
2737526927	proselytize	convert or attempt to convert (someone) from one religion, belief, or opinion to another.	81
2737526928	provincial	of or concerning a province of a country or empire.	82
2737526929	regent	a person appointed to administer a country because the monarch is a minor or is absent or incapacitated. a member of the governing body of a university or other academic institution.	83
2737526930	republic	a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.	84
2737526931	rhetoric	the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.	85
2737527207	sedentary	(of a person) tending to spend much time seated; somewhat inactive.	86
2737527208	serf	an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate.	87
2737527209	sharia	(Arabic: شريعة‎ (IPA: [ʃaˈriːʕa]), is the Islamic legal system derived from the religious precepts of Islam,	88
2737527362	sinification	a process whereby non-Han Chinese societies come under the influence of Han Chinese state and society.	89
2737527364	state	a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government.	90
2737527363	steppe	a large area of flat unforested grassland in southeastern Europe or Siberia.	91
2737527538	stratification	a system or formation of layers, classes, or categories.	92
2737527539	sub-saharan	the part of the continent of Africa that is below the Sahara desert/region	93
2737527666	subordinate	lower in rank or position.	94
2737527667	succession	the action or process of inheriting a title, office, property, etc.	95
2737527668	syncretism	the merging of different inflectional varieties of a word during the development of a language.	96
2737527669	textiles	a type of cloth or woven fabric.	97
2737528156	theocracy	a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god. the commonwealth of Israel from the time of Moses until the election of Saul as King.	98
2737528157	theology	the study of the nature of God and religious belief. religious beliefs and theory when systematically developed.	99
2737528158	totalitarian	political system in which the state holds total control over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life wherever possible.	100
2737528332	tributary state	a state that is subordinate to a more powerful neighbour. It was a form of subordination in pre-modern times. The tributary sent a regular token of submission (tribute) to the superior power.	101
2737528333	tyranny	the government or rule of a tyrant or absolute ruler	102
2737528334	urban	in, relating to, or characteristic of a city or town.	103
2737528335	usurp	take (a position of power or importance) illegally or by force.	104
2737528604	vernacular	the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region.	105

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AP World History Vocab Flashcards

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4689117150	Abate	To end or suppress	0
4689117151	Absolutism	The principle or the exercise of complete and unrestricted power in government	1
4689117152	Adjacent	Just before, after, or facing	2
4689117153	Agrarian	Person who favors the equal division of landed property and the advancement of agricultural groups	3
4689117154	Agriculture	Production of crops, livestock, or poultry	4
4689117155	Anthropomorphic	Resembling or made to resemble a human form	5
4689117156	Aristocracy	Class of persons holding exceptional rank and privileges	6
4689117157	Avarice	Insatiable greed for riches	7
4689117158	Bias	Unreasonably hostile feelings or opinions about a social group	8
4689117159	Buddhism	Religion originated by Buddah	9
4689117160	Bureaucracy	Government by many bureaus and administrators	10
4689117161	Capital	City or town that is the official seat of government in a country and state	11
4689117162	Capitalism	Economic system in which production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is maintained by private individuals or corporations	12
4689117163	Capitulate	To surrender unconditionally	13
4689117164	Centralized	To draw to or father about a center	14
4689117165	Charlatan	A person who claims to have more knowledge than the person really possesses	15
4689117166	Chattel	Any article of tangible property other than land, buildings, and other things annexed to land	16
4689117167	Chiefdom	Rank or office of a chief	17
4689117168	Christianity	The Christian religion, including Catholic, Protestant, and Eastern Orthodox	18
4689117169	City-State	Sovereign state consisting of an autonomous city with its dependencies	19
4689117170	Civilization	The act of process of civilizing	20
4689117171	Clergy	Body of ordained persons in a religion, as distinguished from the laity	21
4689117172	Coerce	To compel by force, intimidation, or authority, especially without regard for individual desire or violation	22
4689117173	Colonialism	The control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, territory or people	23
4689117174	Colony	A group of people who leave their native country to form in a new land a settlement subject to or connected with the parent nation	24
4689117175	Communism	System of social organizations based on the holding of all property in common, actual owner ship being ascribed to the community as a whole or the the state	25
4689117176	Confucianism	System of ethics, eduction, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, harmony in thought and conduct	26
4689117177	Copious	Large in quantity or number	27
4689117178	Culture	The behaviors and beliefs characteristics of a particular social, ethnic, or age group	28
4689117179	Daoism	Alternate romanization of Taoism	29
4689117180	Deforestation	To clear forest or trees	30
4689117181	Demography	The science of vital and social statistics, as of births, deaths, diseases, marriages, etc, of populations	31
4689117182	Derive	To revive or obtain from a source or origin	32
4689117183	Diaspora	The scattering of Jews to countries outside of Palestine after the Babylonian captivity	33
4689117184	Divine		34
4689117185	Dynasty		35
4689117186	Economic		36
4689117187	Edict		37
4689117188	Egalitarian		38
4689117189	Empire		39
4689117190	Encroach		40
4689117191	Epidemic		41
4689117192	Equitable		42
4689117193	Enthocentrism		43
4689117194	Feudalism		44
4689117195	Forage		45
4689117196	Fundamental		46
4689117197	Genocide		47
4689117198	Globalization		48
4689117199	Hegemony		49
4689117200	Hierarchy		50
4689117201	Hinduism		51
4689117202	Ideology		52
4689117203	Imperialism		53
4689117204	Intercursion		54
4689117205	Indentured Servant		55
4689117206	Indignant		56
4689117207	Industrial		57
4689117208	Inflation		58
4689117209	Institution		59
4689117210	Intermediary		60
4689117211	Judaism		61
4689117212	Lambast		62
4689117213	Legitimate		63
4689117214	Malfeasance		64
4689117215	Manufacture		65
4689117216	Maritime		66
4689117217	Matriarchy		67
4689117218	Medieval		68
4689117219	Merchant		69
4689117220	Monarchy		70
4689117221	Monotheism		71
4689117222	Munificence		72
4689117223	Myraid		73
4689117224	Nation		74
4689117225	Negligible		75
4689117226	Neolithic		76
4689117227	Nobility		77
4689117228	Nomad(ic)		78
4689117229	Pagan		79
4689117230	Pandemic		80
4689117231	Papacy		81
4689117232	Parity		82
4689117233	Pastoral		83
4689117234	Patriarchy		84
4689117235	Periodization		85
4689117236	Placate		86
4689117237	Plethora		87
4689117238	Polytheism		88
4689117239	Prehistoric		89
4689117240	Prevalent		90
4689117241	Primary Source		91
4689117242	Prolific		92
4689117243	Protestant		93
4689117244	Prowess		94
4689117245	Rational		95
4689117246	Reform		96
4689117247	Regime		97
4689117248	Revolution		98
4689117249	Rural		99
4689117442	Scribe		100
4689117443	Secondary Source		101
4689117444	Secular		102
4689117445	Serf		103
4689117446	Shaman		104
4689117447	Slave		105
4689117448	State		106
4689117449	Stratified		107
4689117450	Subjective		108
4689117451	Subjugate		109
4689117452	Surplus		110
4689117453	Syncretic		111
4689117454	Textile		112
4689117455	Theocracry		113
4689117456	Tumultuous		114
4689117457	Ubiquitous		115
4689117458	Urban		116
4689117459	Veneration		117
4689117460	Xenophobic		118

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AP World History Flashcards

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4125374341	Muckrakers	Writers who uncovered unsanitary practices in slaughter houses, prompting federal reform and new laws	0
4125374342	Progressives	Reformers who attacked corrupt city governments and urban vices such as prostitution, gambling, and drinking	1
4125374343	Sun Yat-Sen	Leader of nationalist movement in China that would eventually overthrow the Qing Dynasty in 1911	2
4125374344	Boxer Protocol	Unequal treaty that required Chinese regime to pay twice the empire's income for damages and authorized Western powers to station troops in Beijing as payment for putting down rebellion	3
4125374345	Populist Party	Organized by small farmers, it protested against banks, industrialists, monopolies, the existing money system, and corrupt political parties	4
4125374346	Progressive Party	In the early 1900s and American political pushed for specific reforms like wages and hours laws, better sanitation standards, antitrust laws, more government intervention in the economy	5
4125374347	General Porfirio Diaz	Led the government of Mexico during the Mexican Revolution of 1910 to 1920	6
4125374348	Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata	Led the revolt against the Mexican Government during the Mexican Revolution of 1910-1920	7
4125374349	Albert Einstein	German who challenged idea that a single unified scientific theory could explain everything, although he did come up with the theory of relativity	8
4125374350	Friedrich Nietzsche	He claimed that faith in science or Judeo-Christian moral codes were life-destroying quest for power and is famous for the phrase: "God is dead."	9
4125374351	Sigmund Freud	Psychologist who introduced the subconscious to explain human behavior, asserting that human beings were driven by sexual longings and childhood traumas, known as the father of psychoanalysis	10
4125374352	Jamal al-Din Afghani	Iranian who said Sunni and Shia should put aside differences and unite against the west, leader of Pan-Islam movement	11
4125374353	Young Ottomans	Four runner to young turks, they wanted a European - styled democratic, constitutional government, believing it was only way to overcome "backwardness" and stop European aggression	12
4125374354	Young Turks	Group of military and civilian elites who opposed authoritarian rule in the ottoman empire, wanted a completely secular law code, and supported continuing modernization based on European achievements	13

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AP World History Religion Study Guide Flashcards

Religion

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948922323	Abraham	The first patriarch in the Bible. Abraham was asked by God to sacrifice his son, Isaac, and was regarded for being prepared to do so. He is considered by Jewish people as the father of the Israelites through his son Isaac, and by Muslims as the father of Arab peoples through his son Ishmael	0
948922325	Ahimsa	In Hinduism, it is the principal of non violence against all living things.	1
948922326	The Analects	Collection of moral and social teachings of Confucius, including the concept of the Five Relationships	2
948922328	Ancestor worship	Worship give to deceased relatives who are believe to be closer to the Gods, and therefore able to grant favors	3
948922330	Animism	The oldest known type of belief system in the world. It is still practiced in a variety of forms in many traditional societies. Animists practice nature worship. They believe that everything in the universe has a spirit. This is exemplified by the practices of the Plains Indians in North America who would praise the spirit of the buffalo that they killed for giving its life to them so that they might survive. Animists also believed that ancestors watch over the living from the spirit world. This belief resulted in ancestor worship as a means of communicating with and showing respect to ancestors.	4
948922333	Archipelago	A group of chain of islands	5
948922336	Atman	In Hinduism, the human soul	6
948922338	BCE	Date designation meaning Before Common Era, or more than two thousand years ago	7
948922339	Bhagavad Gita	A Hindu holy book where the god Krishna teaches the importance of selflessness, performing religious duties, and of devotion to God	8
948922342	Brahma	Hindu god called the Creator. Brahma is the first member of the triad that includes Vishnu the Preserver and Shiva the Destroyer	9
948922345	Brahman	In Hinduism, Brahman is the name given to the oneness of the universe	10
948922347	Buddha	Hindu for "enlightened one." See also Siddhartha Gautama	11
948922349	Buddhism	Buddhism developed in India, and is based on many of the core concepts of Hinduism.. Buddhists believe in an endless cycle of reincarnation, or samsara, which is similar to beliefs of Hinduism. However, Buddhists do not believe that deities are responsible for the phenomenon. In addition, the Caste System is rejected by Buddhists who believe instead that one is reincarnated until they can achieve nirvana, best described as spiritual enlightenment	12
948922358	Calendar	A system for keeping track of time	13
948922360	Caliph	In Islam, the successor to the Prophet mohammed	14
948922361	Caste System	A rigid social class system in Hinduism	15
948922363	CE	Date designation meaning Common Era, or the last two thousand years of history	16
948922365	Jesus Christ	(8-4 BCE- 29? CE) Founder of Christianity. Considered by Christians to be the son of God and the Messiah. He is the central figure in the Christian Religion (Not true)	17
948922366	Christianity	Currently the most popular religion in the world based on the number of worshippers found throughout the world. While this monotheistic religion developed from Judaism, there are several key differences in its teachings. Christianity was founded by Jesus Christ in the 1st century CE. The Christian holy book is called the Holy Bible	18
948922367	Civilization	A society that has a high level of culture and social organization including organized government, job specialization, and a organized belief system	19
948922369	Confucianism	Confucius lived in China during the Chou Dynasty, when there was mass disorder and confusion and degrading moral standards. Confucius was appalled by what appeared to be the fracturing of Chinese society. He believed that the only cure was to stress a sense of social order and mutual respect, a philosophy that later became known as Confucianism. Confucianism teaches that there is a natural social order to society which can best be explained through the Five Relationships	20
948922370	Confucius	(551-479 BCE?) Chinese philosopher and writer of The Analects, a collection of moral and social teachings, including the concept of the Five Relationships. Also known as Kong Fu Zi.	21
948922372	Constitution	A document detailing the fundamental laws of a country or organization	22
948922373	Dalai Lama	The spiritual leader of the Tibetan sect of Buddhism, and is considered to be the reincarnation of the bodhisattva, or "buddha-to-be"	23
948922374	Dharma	The act of fulfilling one's duty in life. Associated with Hinduism and Buddhism	24
948922375	Divine	Godlike, or coming from, or having to do with god	25
948922376	Eightfold Path	Code of behavior for followers of Buddhism	26
948922377	Emperor	Political ruler of a country of nation. Similar to a king	27
948922378	Fake Word	This is a fake word	28
948922379	Filial piety	A part of Confucianism where respect if paid to the parents	29
948922380	Five Pillars of Islam	Code of behavior for followers of Islam. Includes Charity, Daily Prayer, Profession of Faith, Fasting during Ramadan, and a pilgrimage to Mecca called the hajj	30
948922381	Five Relationships	Confucian philosophy about social order where everyone has a place and respect is paid to elders, parents, and the government. The relationships are, ruler to ruled, father to son, older brother to younger brother, husband to wife, friend to friend	31
948922382	Four Noble Truths	Siddhartha's Gautama philosophy of the nature of human suffering and its relation to desire is articulated by four statements	32
948922383	Ganges River	Located in India, this river is considered sacred to Hindus and is used for spiritual cleansing, funeral rites, and other Hindu rituals	33
948922384	Siddhartha Gautama	(563?-483?BCE), Indian philosopher and the founder of Buddhism. Siddhartha was born into the Brahmin caste, and by all account led a luxurious lifestyle. However, he was troubled by the human misery that he saw around him everyday. Upon reflection, he deduced that desire was the root caused of all suffering. Also known as the Buddha.	34
948922385	Hajj	The pilgrimage or holy journey to the city of Mecca	35
948922386	Hebrew	Semitic language originating in ancient Palestine and spoken by the Israelites. Modern Hebrew was developed in the 19th and 20th centuries from the ancient written language	36
948922387	Hegira	The flight of Mohammed from Mecca to Median which was instrumental to the founding of the religion of Islam. Occurs in 622 ACE, which dates the founding of Islam	37
948922388	Hinduism	A polytheistic religion that was formed from a variety of different religious practices. In Hinduism, salvation is achieved through a spiritual oneness of the soul, atman, with the ultimate reality of the universe, Brahma. To achieve this goal, the soul must obtain moksha, or liberation from the samsara, the endless cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. As a result of these basic teachings, Hindus believe in reincarnation, which is influenced by karma (material actions resulting from the consequences of previous actions), and dharma (fulfilling one's duty in life). Because all forms of animal life possess souls, Hindus believe in ahimsa, or that all life is sacred. and should not be harmed. In fact, one animal which Hindus consider to be extremely sacred is the cow. The peaceful and contented existence of cows is considered virtuous by Hindus and would represent a rewarding reincarnation for a soul. For this reason, most Hindus are vegetarians so that they do not harm other living beings. The belief in reincarnation, karma, and dharma also provides the religious justification for the existence of the rigid social structure known as the Caste System.	38
948922389	Hirohito	(1901-1989) Emperor of Japan from 1926 until 1989. He is the last Japanese emperor to be considered divine. Led Japan through World War II	39
948922390	Holy Land	Term given to lands in present day Israel that is significant to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam	40
948922391	Holy Trinity	Formed by the Creator (Father), Redeemer (Son), and Sustainer (Holy Spirit). Christians believe that these three entities are all part of a single higher power	41
948922392	Human and Physical Geography	The study of the environment, people, and the resources they use to live	42
948922393	Imam	In Islam, the leader of prayers and religious scholar	43
948922394	Islam	The word Islam, which when translated from Arabic, means "to submit to the will of Allah," is the youngest of the world's major religions. Worshippers of this monotheistic religion are known as Muslims, which means "one who submits to the will of Allah." The Islamic holy book is called the Qur'an. Islam is currently the second most practiced religion in the world, and experts predict that it will overtake Christianity as the most popular religion in the world sometime during the 21st century.	44
948922395	Jihad	Effort in God's service waged by Muslims in defense of the Islamic faith	45
948922396	Judaism	Judaism is the oldest known monotheistic religion still practiced in the world today. Its fundamental teachings have been influential and are the basis for more recently developed religions such as Christianity and Islam. Judaism teaches that there is one God who is the creator of all things. after the Hebrew exodus from Egypt, many Hebrews began to lose their faith in God. During this time, Moses went atop Mount Sinai and returned with two stone tablets containing laws that all Hebrews needed to follow. These laws, recorded in the Exodus 20:3-17, became known as the Ten Commandments	46
948922397	Kami	Sacred spirits that are worshipped in the Shinto religion of Japan	47
948922398	Karma	Actions in this life resulting from the consequences of a previous life's actions. Associated with Hinduism and Buddhism	48
948922399	Kong Fu Zi	Chinese philosopher and writer of The Analects, a collection of moral and social teachings, including the concept of the Five Relationships	49
948922400	Lao Tze	(570-490 BCE?) Chinese philosopher credited with originating Taoism/Daoism. His teachings were collected and published as the Tao-te Ching	50
948922401	Mohahharata	Hindu epic poem that was written in Sanskrit in the 5th century BCE. Its most important part is the Bhagavad-Gita	51
948922402	Mecca	A city in Saudi Arabia where Muslims must make a pilgrimage at least once in their life	52
948922403	Mencius	(371?-289 BCE), Chinese philosopher, who studied Confucianism. He later refined many of the ideas and spread them across China. Also known as Mengzi, or Meng-tzu	53
948922404	Messiah	According to the Hebrew Bible, an anointed king who will lead the Jews back to the land of Israel and establish justice in the world. According to the Christians, the Messiah was Jesus Christ	54
948922405	Mohammed	Prophet of Allah; founder of Islam	55
948922406	Moksha	In Hinduism, it is the release from the cycle of reincarnation through unification with Brahma	56
948922407	Monotheism	The belief in one god of goddess	57
948922408	Moses	He is considered a founder of Judaism due to his role in the liberation of the Hebrews from Egypt, and his delivery of the Ten Commandments from Mount Sinai sometime around 2000 BCE	58
948922410	Mosque	A domes Islamic religious building	59
948922412	Muezzin	: In Islam, one who issues a call to prayer, causing the faithful to gather at the local Mosque	60
948922414	New Testament	The second half of the Christian Bible. It describes the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, as well as other Christian teachings	61
948922415	Nirvana	In Buddhism, spiritual enlightenment	62
948922416	Old Testament	The first half of the Christian Bible, that describes the creation of the world, the history of ancient Israel, the Ten Commandments, and contains the Psalms and the prophetic books. Also is the Hebrew Torah	63
948922418	Patron	Someone who provides support to a specific cause and/or person/people	64
948922420	Peninsula	An area of land surrounded on three sides by water. Italy, Greece, and the southern part of India are all peninsulas	65
948922421	Philosopher	A person who seeks to understand and explain the nature of things around them. A scholar of philosophy	66
948922422	Philosophy	A system of thought devoted to the examination of ideas such as truth, existence, reality, causality, religion, and freedom	67
948922423	Pilgrimage	A religious journey to visit a shrine or other holy site	68
948922424	Polytheism	The belief in many gods or goddesses.	69
948922425	Quran	Islamic holy book	70
948922426	Rabbi	Jewish scholar charged with conducting religious services, ensuring that Jewish laws are observed, and serving as a spiritual guide for the community	71
948922427	Ramadan	The ninth month of the Muslim calendar. All Muslims must fast during daylight hours, except the very young or sick	72
948922428	Ramayana	Hindu epic story about the hero Rama who was the incarnation of the god Vishnu	73
948922429	reincarnation	The rebirth of a soul into another body	74
948922430	religion	A person's beliefs concerning the existence and worship of a god or gods, and divine involvement in the universe and human life	75
948922431	reverence	The respect or devotion that others show someone or something	76
948922433	Rigid Social Class System	A social class system where there is no mobility. A person remains in the same class their entire life	77
948922434	River	A moving body of water that usually has its source in an area of high ground	78
948922435	Sacraments	Religious practices such as baptism, and receiving the Eucharist	79
948922437	Sacred	Worthy of or regarded with religious worship, and/or respect	80
948922438	Samsara	In Hinduism, the term given to the endless cycle of birth, death, and rebirth	81
948922439	Shaman	Somebody who communicates with the spiritual realms on behalf of the living. Seen in many Animistic types of belief systems	82
948922440	Shinto	Shinto, which means "Way of the Gods," is the traditional religion of Japan that focuses on nature. Many consider Shinto to be a form of Animism due to the many similarities found between them. Shinto teaches that there is a sacredness of the whole universe and that humans can be in tune with this sacredness. Every mountain, river, plant, animal, and all the diverse phenomena of heaven and earth have spirits, or kami, which inhabit them. Reverence is paid to the ancestors through the practice of ancestor worship	83
948922441	Shiva	Hindu god called the Destroyer. Shiva is the third member of the triad that includes Brahma the Creator and Vishnu the Preserver	84
948922442	Subcontinent	Large area that is a separate part of a continent. The area encompassing India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh are considered to be a subcontinent of Asia	85
948922443	Talmud	The collection of Jewish writings that is the basis of Jewish religious law	86
948922444	Taoism/Daoism	The Chinese philosophy of Taoism (or Daoism) developed in the latter part of the Chou Dynasty, during a period of turmoil in which it was not clear that Chinese civilization would survive. It represents a naturalistic ideal of how one should live their life. The Chinese term Tao can be translated into English, meaning "the way." It is a philosophy which teaches that nature has a "way" in which it moves, and that people should passively accept the "way" of nature, rather than resist it. One concept related to this is that of wu-wei, which means "not doing." This means that people should not act unnaturally by doing things, but rather should openly accept the natural way. An emphasis is placed on the link between people and nature. Taoism teaches that this link lessened the need for rules and order, and leads one to a better understanding of the world.	87
948922445	Tao-te-Ching	Collected teachings of Chinese philosopher Lao Tze, the founder of Taoism/Daoism	88
948922446	Ten Commandments	The ten laws given to Moses by God, according to the Bible	89
948922447	Torah	The holy book of Judaism. It describes the creation of the world, the history of ancient Israel, the Ten Commandments, and contains the Psalms and the prophetic books	90
948922448	Torii	The red gateway entrance to a Shinto shrine	91
948922449	Tradition	A long-established custom or belief	92
948922450	Tripitka	The collection of religious writings by Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha	93
948922451	Untouchables	Members of Hindu society thought to have been removed from the Caste System, with no hope of returning to it, due to their misdeeds in previous lives. Work that is deemed unclean for all other Hindus is reserved for these Outcasts. After winning its independence from Great Britain in 1947, India adopted a national constitution which stated that "Untouchability is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden." Since that time many Caste reforms have been enacted to diminish discriminatory practices in India. Today, the Caste System still exists in practice, despite the many laws designed to legally abolish it	94
948922452	Upanishads	Hindu holy book from the 8th century BCE	95
948922453	Vedas	A Hindu holy book which is a collection of Aryan hymns that were transmitted orally before being written down in the 6th century BCE	96
948922454	Vishnu	Hindu god called the Preserver. Vishnu is the second member of the triad that includes Brahma the Creator and Shiva the Destroyer	97
948922455	Wheel of Life	important symbol of Buddhism. It represents the endless cycle of life through reincarnation	98
948922456	Yin and Yang	Symbol used to illlustrate the natural harmony that exists in the world. Everything must have an opposing force that allows the harmonious universe to exist	99

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AP World History Flashcards

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5778049012	prehistory	the time preceding human civilization	0
5778052782	the world's seven continents	Africa, Asia, Europe, Antarctica, Australia, North America, South America	1
5886286510	Africa	birthplace of humanity	2
5886286512	Asia	largest and most populous	3
5937965968	Asia's subregions	Middle East, Central Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia	4
5886288649	Europe	resource-rich, mild and temperate in climate	5
5886292990	Australia	the smallest continent	6
5937962496	Oceania	the thousands of islands in the Pacific Ocean that form no continent, but along with Australia are referred to as	7
5886294928	Antarctica	no native population	8
5886304484	"Out of Africa" thesis	theory that modern humans (homo sapiens) arose in East Africa around 200,000 years ago and migrated outward	9
5886314371	Stone Age	the first period of human history	10
5886337149	animism	a belief system in which all things in the natural world are thought to be animated by spirits	11
5886379157	agriculture	domestication of plants	12
5886379171	metallurgy	extracting metal from a raw ore	13
5886380624	metalsmithing	shaping metal into tools	14
5886424857	empires	states that expand by means of military conquest	15
5887305403	papyrus	plant-based, paper-like substance	16
5887326376	feudalism	a form of rulership in which a weak monarch loosely governs a number of decentralized and militarized political units	17
5887332621	Mandate of Heaven	the idea that as long as a leader governed wisely, he could claim a divine right to rule	18
5887395129	monarchy	rule by a single person	19
5887395130	oligarchy	rule by the few	20
5887395888	hierarchy	a culture's system of ranking social classes	21
5887396913	social mobility	an individual to moving from one class to another	22
5887398918	serfdom	an institution similar to slavery that compelled peasants to labor for the owners of the land they lived on	23
5894877348	gunpowder empires	Ottoman Turkey, Safavid Persia, and Mughal India	24
5894951932	shaminism	believes in human spirit guides	25
5894998877	nation-states	political units with relatively fixed borders, a sense of national unity, and populations that were largely homogeneous in terms of language and ethnicity	26
5903819947	Marco Polo	a traveler who told tales of wealth in eastern locales like China, the Indies, and Japan. This whetted the European appetites.	27
5904311691	Ferdinand Magellan	a Portuguese mariner who sailed on behalf of Spain and was the leader of the first circumnavigation of the globe.	28
5904128563	Vasco de Gama	first European to reach India by sea	29
5904355639	maritime empires	overseas colonies fully under the mother country's control	30
5904374810	conquistadors	generals who brought huge parts of North and South America under Spanish control	31
5904381639	trading-post empire	what Spain and Portugal built in East	32
5904787322	Hernan Cortes	waged effective and brutal campaign against the Aztecs	33
5904794831	Francisco Pizarro	destroyed the Incans	34
5904880584	viceroyalty	"in place of the king"	35
5905546668	Dutch East India Company	a joint-stock enterprise founded in 1602 that administered operations in Indonesia, a colony of the Dutch	36
5905602048	British East India Company	the England founded this to manage economic and military relations with South and Southeast Asia	37
5925840242	Bering Expedition	a scientific venture organized by the Russian government that surveyed the waters separating Siberia from North America	38
5926033887	doctrine of divine right	the monarch reigns by the will of God. (similar to the Mandate of Heaven)	39
5926035022	parliamentarism	the ruler governed with a lawmaking body appointed by the aristocracy or elected by one or all of the people	40
5926040646	English Bill of Rights	curtailed the powers of the monarch and made Parliament dominant in the English political system	41
5937994337	Neolithic Revolution	New Stone Age where earthshaking important changes were made (birth to pastoralism, and agriculture)	42
5938438039	devshirme system	recruited civil servants and elite troops	43
5938438056	janissaries	musketeer infantry	44
5938439112	millet system	sorted and administered non-Muslims according to their religious categories (millet=each religious minority)	45
5938441873	jizya	unbeliever's tax	46
5940202216	boers	Dutch colonists	47
5940578925	shoguns	military rulers who wielded power on behalf of the symbolically important, but politically impotent emperor	48
5940797093	military revolution	the process by which nations fully incorporated gunpowder weaponry into their way of war (1500-1700)	49
5941942862	hegemony	overarching power, but local autonomy	50
5954796514	Theravada	old Buddhism school of thought that emphasized simplicity and meditation. more popular in South Asia	51
5954799987	Mahayana	another Buddhism denomination that stressed rituals, deities, and concepts after life. predominated in East Asia	52
5954805714	imamas	the teachings of 12 religious authorities in Islam	53
5954835463	Sunni	believe the four caliphs are rightful religious leaders	54
5954837820	Shiite	believe that Ali is the only successful leadr	55
5955196860	Lutheranism	the first of Europe's major Protestant denominations	56
5955224190	salvation by grace	the belief that only God's forgiveness could bring a worshipper to heaven	57
5973657653	Enlightenment	a philosophical and intellectual movement that put full confidence in the power of rational thought to solve social and political problems and to understand the wider world	58
5973819969	griots	professional storytellers in West Africa	59
5973825654	Palace of Versailles	France	60
5973827521	Blue Mosque	Middle East (Turkey)	61
5989707362	monopoly charters	those given the charter assumed the costs and risks of exploration or trade that required long voyaging. In return, they enjoyed exclusive rights to profit from new territories or markets	62
5989710505	joint-stock companies	allowed investors to pool their funds and receive a share of the profit based on the size of their investment	63
5989794464	privateering	the licensing of captains who owned their vessels privately to capture enemy ships or raid enemy ports	64
5989860538	mercantilism	viewed all other nations as rivals and aimed to be self-sufficient. believed that state control over all economic activity desirable and viewed colonies as economic extensions of the mother country	65
5989865235	proto-industrialization	a noticeable rise in machine-assisted production, cottage industry, and other forms of manufacturing	66
5989866412	capitalism	emphasized free trade and argued for less state control over the economy	67
5989878167	cash-crop agriculture	sugarcane, cotton, coffee	68
5989904586	conscription	as states centralized, larger armies drafted more serfs and peasants	69
5989932954	nobles of the robe	civil servants who were ennobled by Louis himself and who therefore owed their status to the king rather than own family tree	70
5990032523	chattel slavery	the outright ownership of human beings as personal property	71
5990043544	encomienda system	declared all American natives to be Spanish subjects	72
5990047630	plantation monoculture	intensive cultivation of a single crop on large estates, haciendas	73
5990081264	anti-semitism	hostility towards Jews	74
6048479277	Legalism	sense of humans having evil that needed to be restrained through Confucianism and a set of moral acts (Qin dynasty)	75
6048479278	tributary system	exacting payment from neighboring states (Han dynasty)	76
6050561065	city-states	concentrated on cities, not empire, but powerful enough to have colonies, tended to be next to big bodies of water	77
6050600836	republic	a state without a monarch and one in which all or most adult citizens (in premodern times only males) play some role	78
6058009774	syncretism	blending of religions	79
6101665093	galleys	oared ships with small square sails that were suitable for coastal navigation (short distance). They were used in the Mediterranean trade route	80
6183732060	serfs	peasants who were not technically slaves but were tied to a feudal lord's land and had no right to change profession or residence without permission	81
6183735733	knights	elite armored cavalry	82
6183842793	Magna Carta	guaranteed the nobility certain rights and privileges	83
6184311878	the theme system	Byzantium granted land to soldiers serving in frontier zones	84
6215529058	Neo-Confucianism	reinforced China's cultural tendency toward hierarchy and obedience, important unifying factor in China	85
6216910134	ayllu	commoner clans among the Aztecs that cooperated to fulfill the labor obligations they owed to the elites	86
6216914342	guilds	Medieval labor union	87
6228596502	medieval climatic optimum	(800-1300) warming trend that affected migration	88
6259489107	Atlantic revolutions	(1700s-1810s) American Revolution, French Revolution, Haitian Rebellion, Latin American Wards of Independence	89
6269351103	the Estates General	a national assembly of delegates from each estate who were to meet with Louis XVI on May 1789	90
6269594993	the Committee of Public Safety	The Jacobins created this executive body which assumed dictatorial powers and attempted the radical transformation of French society	91
6280174357	economic imperialism	pressuring weaker nations to offer favorable trade terms rather than outright colonization	92
6280212266	the Eastern Question	(late 1800s) how to fill the power vacuum caused in the Balkans and the eastern Mediterranean by the Ottoman Empire's steady decline	93
6280217085	the Great Game	(late 1800s) the collision of British and Russian spheres of influence in Central Asia	94
6280221479	the Scramble for Africa	(late 1800s) the rush to subjugate the entire continent between the 1880s and the 1910s	95
6280310462	Otto von Bismarck	a cautious diplomat and key architect of the European balance of power who was dismissed by Wilhelm II, a rash and impatient emperor	96
6280601499	the Dreyfus Affair	(1894-1906) the army and the government falsely blamed a Jewish officer for the leaking of military secrets to Germany	97
6281434826	reaction	attempting to minimize change or even undo what had transpired during the years of revolution	98
6281493017	Ausgleich of 1867	granted equal status to Hungarians	99
6309316672	the Crimean War	Turks v. Russians- b/c Russia suddenly annexed Ottoman provinces	100
6309324896	the Balkan Crisis	Bulgarians, Serbs, and others revolted against economically harsh policies	101
6446806160	Schlieffen Plan	a daring gamble the Germans made which sent 75% of army to France, hoping for a quick victory, then to focus on Russia, where 25% of army will go	102
6446811820	Spring Offensive	Spring, 1918: Germans stake everything on this when they're losing	103
6446904423	Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points	he hoped to prevent all war in the future, and called for freedom of the seas, an end to secret treaties, arms reduction, decolonization, rearrangement of borders according to "self-determination" of national groups, establishment of League of Nations	104
6447003667	four empires destroyed after WWI	Germany's Reich, Habsburg Austria, tsarist Russia, Ottoman Empire	105

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