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AP World History Flashcards

5691125837	Kinship group	Several related families that moved together in search of food	0
5691132432	Patriarchal	Societies ruled by men	1
5691142246	Social stratification	System by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy	2
5691187009	Caste System	Social hierarchy in India	3
5691190276	Jericho	One of humankind's first cities	4
5691190277	Catal Huyuk Kingdoms	Well-preserved remains have helped modern people understand life long ago	5
5691194166	Sumerians	A group of nomadic pastoralists who migrated into Mesopotamia, created the civilization of Sumer	6
5691219946	Phoenicians	Developed trade network across Mediterranean, Carthage, developed alphabetic script	7
5691223475	New Kingdom	Period in Egypt when Egyptians were able to defeat Hyksos, expansion, Ramses the Great, repeated invasions, internal revolts	8
5691226513	Hyksos	Pastoral nomadic people, used horse-drawn chariots and bow and arrows to defeat Egyptians	9
5691226514	Hittities	One of the many invaders of Egypt, had a military advantage over Egyptians because of use of iron tools and weapons	10
5691255534	Chavin Civilization	Chavin de Huantar, irrigation systems, impressive techniques concerning metallurgy, weak political structure	11
5691255535	Olmec	Primarily agricultural, developed near water, enormous monuments human heads. large earthen pyramids, developed calendar, numbering system containing zero, first system of writing in Americas	12
5691260749	Mayan	Slash-and-burn agriculture, terraced fields, irrigation systems, city-states each ruled by king, paid tribute, human sacrifice, Chichen Itza, writing akin to hieroglyphics	13
5691267511	King Menes	United Upper and Lower Egypt, established capital at Memphis	14
5691271762	Pharaoh	King or queen leading the government in Egypt	15
5691281270	Xia Dynasty	Legendary dynasty in China	16
5691281271	Shang Dynasty	Founder: Tang, economy was primarily based on agriculture, polytheistic, ancestor veneration, pictographs, standard system of writing, brought down by rebellions	17
5691286151	Mandate of Heaven	Idea that a just ruler's power was bestowed by the gods in China, started by Zhou	18
5691286152	Zhou Dynasty	China's first Golden Age, Mandate of Heaven, divided kingdom into many regions, began using iron weapons in China, copper coins, development of iron technology, urbanization, crossbow, brought down by rebellions	19
5691294197	Mesopotamia	Area between Tigris and Euphrates river, "the cradle of civilizations, flooding would result in fertilization of soils	20
5691355995	Egypt	Based around Nile River, irrigation canals, relied Nile for transportation, spilt into 3 periods, social hierarchy, polytheistic, mummification, hieroglyphics, number system based on 10	21
5691371095	Indus River Valley	River valley in India	22
5691397120	Huang He (Yellow)	One of the two major rivers in China, loess made the river yellow	23
5691400695	Yangzi River	One of the two major river in China, longer of the two, a.k.a. Chiang Jiang	24
5691405317	Mesoamerica	One of the most important plant was maize, the Chavin, the Olmec, the Moche, the Aztecs, and the Mayans, produced some the greatest civilizations	25
5691429326	Paleolithic	Humans used stone tools and weapons, the Stone Age, control of fire, hunter-foragers, less patriarchal than later societies	26
5691437883	Neolithic Revolution	Set of dramatic changes in how people lived based on the development of agriculture, nomadic pastoralism,	27
5691493404	Animism	Belief that animals, rivers, and other elements of nature embody spirits	28
5691493405	Shamans	People believed to have special abilities to cure the sick and influence the future	29
5691511829	Ziggurat	Temples and altars in large stepped pyramids	30
5691706563	Vedas	Collection of Aryan religious hymns, poems, and songs, "knowledge",	31
5691736409	The Epic of Gilgamesh	Oldest written story on earth, historians know something about the people who lived in the land between the rivers and what they valued	32
5691736410	Hammurabi's Code	Set of laws, "an eye for an eye", main purpose was to protect people's rights	33
5691740454	Cuneiform	World's first system of writing, consisted of marks on wet clay tablets	34
5691743058	Hieroglyphics	Picture-writing in Egypt, symbols that represented ideas or sounds	35
5691753281	Upanishads	Collection of religious thought that illuminated several new religious concepts, foundational text for the set of religious beliefs that later became known as Hinduism	36
5691764379	Book of Songs	Oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry, traditionally said to have been compiled by Confucius	37
5691772505	Specialization of Labor	Process of allowing people to focus on limited tasks	38
5691795867	Metallurgy	Science of the study of metals	39
5691799622	Agriculture	Practice of raising crops or livestock on a continual and controlled basis	40
5691804689	Nomadic Pastoralism	Based on people moving herds of animals from pasture to pasture	41
5696768202	Patrician	Wealthy landowners in Rome	42
5696768203	Plebian	Poor people in Rome	43
5696775589	Cyrus the Great	Conquered most land of all Persian kings	44
5696782306	Darius I	Divided conquered lands into provinces, made Persepolis the capital of Persian empire, created position of satrap, instituted regular tax payments, added efficient courier service along Royal Road, common currency	45
5696782307	Xerxes	Fought against Greeks in Peloponnesian War, won Battle of Thermopylae	46
5696788179	Alexander the Great	Extended Greek influence all the way to India, tutored by Aristotle	47
5696792377	Pericles	Instituted Golden Age in Athens, built Parthenon, credited with reforms to government	48
5696792855	Constantine	Declared Christianity legal in the Edict of Milan, first Christian emperor	49
5696805473	Democracy	Government ruled by the people	50
5696805474	Direct Democracy	Government in which all citizens could vote directly on laws and other issues in a large assembly	51
5696809807	Republic	Government of elected officials	52
5696810428	Law of Twelve Tables	Written laws in the full view of the public, dealt with almost every aspect of life	53
5696811153	Spartacus Rebellion	One of the largest slave revolts in history, led by Roman slave named Spartacus	54
5696826005	Julius Caesar	Aristocrat whose strength was based on his support from the common people, became sole consul, killed in the "Ides of March"	55
5696826450	Pax Romana	Roman peacetime	56
5696833077	Edict of Milan	Declared Christianity legal in Roman empire	57
5696845205	Mycenae	Minoan city, on mainland of Greece, presence of amber was testimony to trade	58
5697924590	Persian Wars	War between Persian empire and Greek city-states	59
5697983223	Qanat System	Persian underground canals, used to reduce the evaporation of the water as it traveled to the fields	60
5697989016	Jesus of Nazareth	Challenged traditional leaders and was regarded as a troublemaker by Roman officials	61
5697992403	Peter	Important in spreading the ideas of Jesus and shaping Christianity, regarded by Roman Catholics as first pople	62
5697993507	Paul	Jew who has sudden, dramatic conversion to Christianity, educated in the Hellenistic tradition if argument and tradition	63
5697996712	Christianity	Distinct form of Judaism, most popular among the urban poor, slaves, and women throughout the Roman Empire	64
5697998758	Herodotus	Greek historian, wrote The Histories	65
5698003166	Plato	Student of Socrates, opened The Academy, wrote The Republic, "philosopher kings"	66
5698003167	Aristotle	Student of Plato, tutor of Alexander the Great,emphasized gaining knowledge through empiricism, focused on logic, wrote Poetics	67
5698013568	Socrates	Emphasis on asking questions, Socratic Method, put to death by Athenian government for questioning the the state religion	68
5698019319	Zoroastrianism	Focused on the eternal battle between two forces, good and evil, founded by Zoroaster, Ahura Mazda, the Avestas	69
5698019320	Islam	Allah, Quran, Five Pillars, founder was Muhammad	70
5698022378	Royal Road	Most famous of the network of roads built to encourage trade in Persian empire, efficient courier with postal stations	71
5698025227	Brahmins	Overarching, universal soul that connects all creatures on Earth in Hinduism	72
5698027860	Kshatriyas	Warrior class of caste system	73
5698027899	Vaishyas	Merchants and artisans of caste system in India	74
5698031124	Untouchables	Performed the most unpleasant work in society, touching them would supposedly pollute members of the castes	75
5698035940	Ashoka Maury	Most celebrated of all Mauryan rulers, originally a ferocious warrior, convert of Buddhism, Rock and Pillar Edicts	76
5698056334	Gupta Dynasty	Second major Indian dynasty, Silk Roads, divided empire into provinces, main religion was Hinduism, downfall due to White Huns	77
5698060288	Mauryan Dynasty	Empire was divided into provinces, Ashoka Maurya, Pataliputra, downfall due to weak rulers after Ashoka	78
5698063963	White Huns	Nomads from the northwest, brought final downfall of the Gupta dynsasty	79
5698063964	Han Dynasty	Founder was Han Wudi, civil service exam, used Silk Roads, trade with Roman Empire, Pax Sinica, , Yellow Turban Rebellion	80
5698074498	Shihuangdi	First emperor of China, created a very centralized state with all the government under his personal control	81
5698077069	Yellow Turban Rebellion	Peasant uprising in China, named for rebels distinctive headwear	82
5698077070	Monsoon	Essential to trading in the Indian Ocean, merchants had to time voyages carefully	83
5698081077	Jainism	Founded by Mahavir Jain, drew religion on Hinduism, took steps to do no harm	84
5698091294	Buddhism	Founded by Siddhartha Gautama, sought enlightenment, Four Noble Truths, goal was to detach oneself from worldly affairs	85
5698096774	Siddhartha Gautama	Founder of Buddhism, thought life was unfulfilled, became Buddha	86
5698100299	Four Noble Truths	Buddhist doctrines 1. All life involves great suffering 2. All suffering stems from desires for worldly pleasure and things 3. Suffering can end when one eliminates all of one's earthly desires 4. Desire can be eliminated by following Buddhism's eight-fold path	87
5698106019	Bhagavad Gita	One of the most important writings in the Hindu tradition	88
5698106020	Nirvana	Peaceful state in the afterlife in Buddhism	89
5698112561	Confucius	Founder of Confucianism, followers were called Analects, Golden Rule	90
5698116663	Confucianism	Became the most important unit in Chinese society, father was head of household. Founded by Confucius	91
5698116664	Daoism	Founded by Laozi, followers seek happiness and wisdom by the way of the path	92
5698119348	Dao De Jing	Followers gathered Laozi's ideas to gathered, The Classic Way and the Virtue	93
5698119349	Laozi	Founder of Daoism, also called Old Master	94
5698257629	Inca	Empire was split into four provinces, conquered leaders who demonstrated loyalty were rewarded, royal ancestor veneration, "people of the sun", human sacrifices, quipu, waru waru conquered by Spain	95
5698273081	Black Death	Plague introduced to Europe through trade routes , drastically reduced population, bubonic plague	96
5698273082	Little Ice Age	Lower temperatures reduced agricultural productivity, people had less trade, cities grow more slowly	97
5698277169	Chinampas	Floating gardens used by Aztecs, increased amount of space for food production	98
5698280080	Hagia Sophia	Christian church, large dome, became focal point of city's architecture, built by Justinian	99
5698280082	Schism	Separation that split the Roman Catholic Church in Western Europe and the Eastern Orthodox Church in Southeastern and Russia	100
5698284248	Eastern Orthodox Church	Formed after the Great Schism, religion of Byzantine Empire	101
5698294049	Five Pillars	Muslim core set obligations 1. Believing in only one God-Allah 2. Praying five times daily 3. Giving alms to the poor 4. Fasting during the month of Ramadan 5. Making a pilgrimage to Mecca once a lifetime	102
5698297018	Caliph	Head of state, first was Abu Bakr, responsible for guiding Islamic world in accordance with the dictates of the Quran	103
5698300521	Dar-al- Islam	All of Islamic culture	104
5698306222	Omar Khayyam	Persian scholar,, widely considered to be one of the most influential thinkers of the Middle Ages.	105
5698306246	Ibn Battuta	Made commentary of Mali society, well versed in Islamic law, made it clear that African societies had adopted Islam	106
5698317048	Shotoku Taishi	Attempted to implement Chinese practices in Japan, prince of Japan, wrote constitution that consolidated power for all of Japan in one ruler, hired skilled Chinese laborers	107
5698331674	Vernacular Language	Latin dialects	108
5698331675	Renaissance	Revival of interest in classical Greek and Roman literature, art, civic virtue, and culture, humanism, started in Florence	109
5698355024	Waru Waru	Raised beds with channels that captured and redirected rain to avoid erosion during floods and that stored water to be used during dry periods	110
5698355025	Trans-Saharan Trade	Nomadic communities conducted some trade across Sahara, volume of trade increased with the arrival of Islamic merchants	111
5698359934	Fast-ripening Rice	Added to Chinese agricultural surpluses, native to northern Vietnam	112
5698363692	Proto-industrialization	A phase that precedes and enables full industrialization later, came under Song dynasty in China	113
5698363693	Flying Cash	System of credit, allowed merchant to deposit paper money under his name in one location and withdraw the same amount in a different location, became model of the banks in the modern era	114
5698371938	Manorial System	Provided both economic self-sufficiency and defense, manor grounds were small cities	115
5698376901	Henseatic League	Commercial alliance between northern Germany and Scandinavia, member cities were able to drive out pirates and monopolize trade goods	116
5698376902	Marco Polo	Best-known long-distance travel of the Mongol times, traveled with father and uncle to Kublai Khan's court	117
5698381918	Pochteca	Special merchant class in Aztec empire, traded in luxury goods	118
5746406241	Teotihuacan		119
5746414165	Mayan Civilization		120

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AP World History Chapter 21 Flashcards

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5916031943	Abbas II	Khedive of Egypt 1892-191	0
5916031944	Abu Taleb	The head of the Bani Hashim clan and the uncle of Muhammed; raised and supported Muhammad against the heads of Quoraysh when he started his mission as prophet.	1
5916031945	Akbar	The most famous Muslim ruler of India during the period of Mughal rule. Famous for his religious tolerance, his investment in rich cultural feats, and the creation of a centralized governmental administration, which was not typical of ancient and post-classical India.	2
5916031946	Aurangzeb	Mughal emperor in India and great-grandson of Akbar 'the Great', under whom the empire reached its greatest extent, only to collapse after his death.	3
5916031947	Babur	founder of Mughal dynasty in India; descended from Turkic warriors; first led invasion of India in 1526; died in 1530.	4
5916031948	Battle of Lepanto	took place on 7 October 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League, a coalition of southern European Catholic maritime states, decisively defeated the main fleet of the Ottoman Empire in five hours of fighting on the northern edge of the Gulf of Corinth, off western Greece.	5
5916031949	Chaldrian	Site of a battle between The Safavids and Ottomans in 1514, Safavids were severely defeated by the Ottomans, checked western advance of the Safavid Empire	6
5916031950	Din-i-Ilahi	Religion initiated by Akbar in Mughal India; blended elements of the many faiths of the subcontinent; key to efforts to reconcile Hindu and Muslims in India, but failed.	7
5916031951	Francois Bernier	French Psychian. Published a book classifying humans into categories, Europeans, Blacks, Lapps, and Far Easterners	8
5916031952	Golden Horn	What was the peninsula upon which the rich city of Constantinople was built, famously known as?	9
5916031953	Gunpowder Empires	Muslim empires of the Ottomans, Safavids, and the Mughals that employed cannonry and gunpowder to advance their military causes.	10
5916031954	Hagia Sophia	Most famous example of Byzantine architecture, it was built under Justinian I and is considered one of the most perfect buildings in the world.	11
5916031955	Humayan	Son and successor of Babur; expelled from India in 1540, but restored Mughal rule by 1556; died shortly thereafter	12
5916031956	Imams	According to Shi'ism, rulers who could trace descent from the successors of Ali	13
5916031957	Isfahan	Persian capital from the 16th to 18th centuries under the Safavid Empire. Still a major cultural center of Iran today.	14
5916031958	Isma'il	A great Safavid ruler who, at the age of 14, conquered much of the territory that became the Safavid Empire. He was a religious tyrant who made Shi'ia the state religion.	15
5916031959	Jahangir	Akbar's son and successor. In his early years he sought to strengthen central government, but became a weak ruler over time	16
5916031961	Janissaries	Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826.	17
5916031962	Jizya	Poll tax that non-Muslims had to pay when living within a Muslim empire	18
5916031964	Marattas	Western India peoples who rebelled against Mughal control early in 18th century	19
5916031965	Mehmed II	Ottoman sultan called the "Conqueror"; responsible for conquest of Constantinople in 1453; destroyed what remained of Byzantine Empire.	20
5916031966	Mughal Dynasty	Est by Babur in India in 1526; the name is taken from the supposed Mongol descent of Babur, but there is little indication of any Mongol influence in the dynasty; became weak after rule of Aurangzeb in first decades of 18th century.	21
5916031967	Mullahs	Local mosque officials and prayer leaders within the Safavid Empire; agents of Safavid religious campaign to convert all of population to Shi'ism.	22
5916031968	Mumtaz Mahal	The niece of Nur Jahan and wife of Shah Jahan. The Taj Mahal was built as a memorial to her.	23
5916031969	Nadir Khan Afshar	Soldier-adventurer following fall of Safavid dynasty in 1722; proclaimed himself shah in 1736; established short-lived dynasty in reduced kingdom	24
5916031970	Nur Jahan	wife of ruler Jahangir who amassed power at the Mughal court and created a faction ruling the empire during the later years of his reign.	25
5916031971	Ottomans	Turkic people who advanced from strongholds in Asia Minor during 1350s; conquered large part of Balkans; unified under Mehmed I; captured Constantinople in 1453; established empire from Balkans that included most of Arab world.	26
5916031972	Padishah	Safavid term used for king of kings.	27
5916031973	Purdah	Isolation of women in separate quarters	28
5916031974	Red Heads	Name given to Safavid followers because of their distinctive red headgear	29
5916031975	Safavid Dynasty	Originally a Turkic nomadic group; family originated in Sufi mystic group; espoused Shi'ism; conquered territory and established kingdom in region equivalent to modern Iran; lasted until 1722.	30
5916031976	Sail al-Din	Early 14th century Sufi mystic; began campaign to purify Islam; first member of Safavid dynasty.	31
5916031977	Selim	Third Son of Suleyman, an incompetent and bad ruler. Saleyman the Lawgiver had killed his ablest son and drove another into exile. This set the pattern for later sultans to gain and hold power. It became customary for each new sultan to have his brothers strangled. and ther sons held prisoner in the harem. This practice produced a long line opf weak sultans who eventually brought ruin on the empire.	32
5916031978	Shah	The title of the former ruler of Iran	33
5916031979	Shah Abbas the Great	Restored prosperity and made Isfahan the capital of the Safavid Dynasty which was the center of the silk trade.	34
5916031980	Shah Jahan	Mogul emperor of India during whose reign the finest monuments of Mogul architecture were built (including the Taj Mahal at Agra) (1592-1666)	35
5916031981	Shi'a	The second largest sect within Islam. It originated in the early centuries of Islam perhaps over a political dispute over who would be the next Caliph. This group believed that Muhammad's son-in-law and cousin Ali should be the Caliph. Over time this faction's religious interpretations and practices have also come to differ slightly from most Muslims.	36
5916031982	Sikhs	Nonviolent religous group that blended Buddhism, Hinduism and Sufism	37
5916031984	Sunni	A branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad	38
5916031985	Tahmasp I	1534-1576. Won the throne after Isma'il , rebuilt the Safavid dynasty. Brought Turkic chiefs under control. Longest reign in the Safavid dynasty.	39
5916031986	Taj Mahal	beautiful mausoleum at Agra built by the Mogul emperor Shah Jahan (completed in 1649) in memory of his favorite wife	40
5916031987	Vizier	Ottoman equivalent of the Abbasid wazir; head of the Ottoman bureaucracy; after 5th century often more powerful than sultan	41
5916031988	Zoroastrians	Followers of the Persian Zarathustra (6th century) who taught that there are two gods, one good and one evil, that keep the world in a constant struggle between light and darkness. THe good god Ahura Mazda demands good works.	42

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AP World History Vocabulary- Woolley Flashcards

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7091258166	Absolutism	(n) the political doctrine of unlimited, centralized authority and absolute power, monarch or dictator; no checks and balances Example: Absolute Monarch-- Early Modern France, Prussia, Austria	0
7091258449	Agrarian	(adj) pertaining to land or its cultivation or farming Ex. agrarian reform, agrarian society	1
7091260629	Anachronism	(n) something out of place in a historical time period	2
7091260937	Anti-semitism	(n) hostility, prejudice, or discrimination against Jews	3
7091260938	Aristocracy	(n) a government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility; The highest class in certain societies Derived from Ancient Greece and Rome	4
7091262702	Assimilate	(v) to incorporate or absorb ideas or customs into a culture, government, or surrounding environment; to conform or adjust to the customs or attitudes of a group or nation	5
7091262703	Autocracy	(n) a system of government in which supreme power is concentrated in the hands of one person; a dictatorship Ex: The Roman Empire; Hitler's reign	6
7091263133	Autonomy	(n) independence, freedom, freewill; the condition of a government that is self-governing or a democracy Example: Current American government	7
7091263134	Bias	(n) prejudice; a tendency to agree with a particular opinion; unreasonably hostile feelings or opinions about a social group	8
7091263535	Bureaucracy	(n) nonelective government officials, system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials Example: Han Dynasty gov't	9
7091264023	Capitalism	(n) an economic and political system in which a country's trade and income is collected by certain individuals or corporations instead of it being monitored and collected by the state	10
7091264386	Casualty	(n) A person who was killed or injured in war	11
7091264387	Centralized	(adj) a government in which the all the authority is under one person or a small group of people Example: monarchies, dynasties in East Asia	12
7091264754	Coerce	(v) To obtain or persuade someone using force or threats	13
7091266235	Conservative	(n/adj) relating or someone relating to traditional ideas and institutions in culture and politics; cautious about change	14
7091266236	Context	(n) the circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea	15
7091266686	Continuity	(n) when ideas, institutions, and cultures have a legacy that is carried on and a constant throughout time	16
7091266687	Coup d'etat	(n) the violent or sudden overthrow of an existing government by a small group Example: The French Revolution	17
7091267565	Cultural construct	(n) The specific ideas of a culture that are expected to be followed by each person who belongs to that culture	18
7091267566	Cultural diffusion	(n) the spread of ideas and ways of life through trade and travel	19
7091268513	Decentralized	(adj) when power or authority is distributed among different groups of people	20
7091268514	Demographic	(adj) relating to population statistics	21
7091268954	Diaspora	(n) people of a group who must scatter from their homeland to places across the globe, spreading their culture as they go Ex: Jewish must flee the Babylonians	22
7091269357	Domestication	(n) the taming and breeding of plants or animals to aid in survival or for other domestic purposes such as farming and transportation	23
7091269358	Duality	(n) an instance of opposition between two aspects of something; two aspects or opposites	24
7091269709	Dynasty	(n) A line of hereditary rulers in Eastern Asia or China; similar to a monarchy	25
7091269710	Entrepreneur	(n) a business person or person who makes their own career path and takes great financial risks to do so	26
7091270440	Ethnicity	(n) a person's race, a social group that shares a common and distinctive culture, religion, language	27
7091270441	Ethnocentrism	(n) the evaluation and prejudice to other cultures according to one's own culture; pride in one's own culture	28
7091271871	Evangelical	(adj) referring a person, church, or organization that is committed to the Christian gospel message that Jesus Christ is the savior of humanity	29
7091271872	Extrapolate	(v) to infer something that is unknown or to expand upon the known to search into the unknown	30
7091272226	Figurehead	(n) a person who is head of a group, company, etc., in title but actually has no real authority or responsibility	31
7091272227	Fundamentalism	(n) strict adherence to the basic principles of any subject or discipline; the strict interpretation of religious scriptures Ex: Islam or Protestant Christianity	32
7091272608	Gentry	(n) an upper class group of noble people (especially in England) Ex: the second estate in England	33
7091272609	Hegemony	(n) political or cultural dominance or authority over others; the social influence exerted by a dominant group	34
7091272988	Heresy	(n) a belief or opinion that is at contradicts the norm; beliefs that go against a religious doctrine	35
7091272989	Hierarchy	(n) a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority	36
7091273798	Humanism	(n) a philosophy displayed during the Renaissance that states people should enjoy their life on Earth and strive to uncover facts about science and to master the arts	37
7091273799	Ideology	(n) a set of political beliefs or a set of ideas that characterize a particular culture; a systematic body of concepts especially about human life or culture	38
7091274163	Inflation	(n) a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money	39
7091274164	Infrastructure	(n) the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise; the system of public works of a country, state, or region Ex: buildings, roads, and power supplies	40
7091274501	Isolationism	(n) a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries	41
7091274502	Legitimacy	(n) conformity to the law or to rules; ability to be defended with logic or justification; validity	42
7091275189	Liberal	(adj) favorable to concepts of maximum individual freedom as possible and governmental protection of civil liberties; favorable to political or social progress or reform	43
7091275190	Nationalism	(n) Pride in one's country or organization; patriotism	44
7091275547	Nationalization	(n) the transfer of control of private businesses to state owned businesses and organizations	45
7091275548	Oligarchy	(n) a form of government where a small group of respected people are in control Ex: Spartan government	46
7091275929	Orthodox	(adj) conforming to what is generally or traditionally accepted as right or true; established and approved (especially used when describing religion)	47
7091275930	Objective	(n) something that one's efforts or actions are intended to attain or accomplish; purpose; goal; target; existing independent of thought oran observer as part of reality.	48
7091276336	Pastoralism	(n) the branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock	49
7091276938	Patriarchy	(n) a system of society or government in which men hold the power; a system of society in which the father or eldest male is head of the family	50
7091276939	Periphery	(n) the outward bounds of something; an area lying beyond the strict limits	51
7091277735	Power Vacuum	(n) when the government has lost control and no one has yet to claim a new authority	52
7091277736	Propaganda	(n) information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view	53
7091278102	Radical	(adj) extreme, especially as regards change from accepted or traditional forms	54
7091278103	Regime	(n) a controlling government; a planned way of doing things	55
7091278996	Subjective	(adj) based on or influenced by personal feelings or opinions; prejudiced	56
7091278997	Sect	(n) a group of people with somewhat different religious beliefs	57
7091279677	Secular	(adj) worldly; not overtly or specifically religious; occurring once in an age or a century	58
7091279678	Sedentary	(adj) characterized by little movement or migration	59
7091279966	Socialism	(n) a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the government	60
7091279967	Sovereignty	(n) supreme power and authority; the authority of a state to govern itself or another state; a self-governing state	61
7091280692	Sphere of influence	(n) a country or area in which another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority	62
7091280693	Stratification	(n) the arrangement or classification of something into different groups	63
7091281301	Syncretism	(n) the merging or attempted merging of different religions, cultures, or schools of thought	64
7091281302	Theocracy	(n) a system of government in which religion is intertwined	65
7091281643	Tribute	(n) payment made periodically by one state or ruler to another, especially as a sign of dependence	66
7091281644	Urbanization	(n) the process of making an area more developed into a city or town	67
7091282871	Xenophobia	(n) intense or irrational dislike or fear of people from other countries	68
7100764669	The Political Spectrum		69

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AP World History: LEQ Rubric Flashcards

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6710318833	A. THESIS	Presents a thesis that makes a historically defensible claim and responds to all parts of the question. The thesis must consist of one or more sentences located in one place, either in the introduction or the conclusion.	0
6710325718	B. ARGUMENT DEVELOPMENT: USING THE TARGETED HISTORICAL THINKING SKILL COMPARISON	COMPARISON: Describes similarities AND differences among historical individuals, events, developments, or processes. Explains the reasons for similarities AND differences among historical individuals, events, developments, or processes.	1
6710336255	B. ARGUMENT DEVELOPMENT: USING THE TARGETED HISTORICAL THINKING SKILL CCOT	CCOT: Describes historical continuity AND change over time. Explains the reasons for historical continuity AND change over time.	2
6710347382	C. ARGUMENT DEVELOPMENT: USING EVIDENCE	Addresses the topic of the question with specifc examples of relevant evidence. Utilizes specifc examples of evidence to fully and effectively substantiate the stated thesis or a relevant argument.	3
6710355159	D. SYNTHESIS	Extends the argument by explaining the connections between the argument and ONE of the following: a) A development in a different historical period, situation, era, or geographical area. b) A course theme and/or approach to history that is not the focus of the essay (such as political, economic, social, cultural, or intellectual history). c) A different discipline or eld of inquiry (such as economics, government and politics, art history, or anthropology) (Note: For European and World History only).	4
6710388765	B. ARGUMENT DEVELOPMENT: USING THE TARGETED HISTORICAL THINKING SKILL CAUSATION	CAUSATION: Describes causes AND/OR effects of a historical event, development, or process. Explains the reasons for the causes AND/OR effects of a historical event, development, or process.	5
6710392525	B. ARGUMENT DEVELOPMENT: USING THE TARGETED HISTORICAL THINKING SKILL PERIODIZATION	PERIODIZATION: Describes the ways in which the historical development specified in the prompt was different from and similar to developments that preceded AND/OR followed. Explains the extent to which the historical development specified in the prompt was different from and similar to developments that preceded AND/OR followed.	6

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AP World History Chapter 21 Flashcards

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9591141192	Enlightenment	a movement that emphasized science and reason as guides to help see the world more clearly 18th century Europe and America Individuals questioned forms of government and social classes Apple scientific principles to human behavior.	0
9591149498	John Locke	Enlightenment thinker during 1600s/1700s who believed governments power should depend on the consent of the governed. Freedom of religion protection of private property each individual was born with natural rights Concept of a social contract Believed that people had the right to overthrow their government if the governments weren't serving the people	1
9591159276	social contract	A mutual agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent to be governed	2
9591165427	Main concepts of enlightenment thought	natural rights social contract separation of church and state	3
9591169084	Jean Jacques Rousseau	Believed that the human beings are naturally good and free believed in the power of the common man wrote the book "The Social Contract"	4
9591182300	Montesquieu	Wrote the spirit of laws in 1748 Proposed the idea of the separation of powers to avoid tyranny in government	5
9591186924	Voltarie	Champion for freedom of expression against organized religion	6
9591196390	Enlightenment Ideas about government and people	Enlightenment thinkers believed the will of the people was sacred Having a government was a two way system consent was needed on both sides individual rights was developed	7
9591208235	Women during the enlightenment period	Was an opportunity for women to participate in the discussion of enlightenment ideas many homes made available for women meeting groups Know inherent exclusion for women	8
9591219450	French revolution	1789 Rebellion in which the French people overthrew their monarchy and made the country a republic. Causes: Division of French society into three classes: Clergy, nobles, and commoners. A high rate of wealth and equality Extreme poverty among commoners (peasants) France was in extreme debt Much more violent Sparked revolutions in Haiti	9
9591239943	National convention	the new legislative body created when the radicals replaced the royalist government in Paris Led by Robespierre Provoked a widespread period of terror and fear throughout France	10
9591248798	Reign of Terror	(1793-94) during the French Revolution when thousands were executed for "disloyalty"	11
9591254704	Napoleon	Millitary Hero.The leader of France, Built up the French Empire, Created the Napoleonic Code, Strong Nationalism.Status of women greatly declined under Napolean. Provided greater internal stabillity to France	12
9591264793	Haitian revolution	18th-century slave revolt against French rule in Saint Domingue that ended slavery and founded a republic. Inspired by French revolution and led by Toussaint L'Overture First succesful slave revolution. Only slave uprising that led to an indepenent nation.	13
9591283144	Congress of Vienna	Meetings in Vienna for the purpose of restoring order to Europe. Restored balance of power to Europe Redrew borders of France and other European states. Created holy alliance between Austria, Russia, and Prussia.	14
9591294374	War of 1812	War between the United States and Great Britain. Causes: Conflicts over Maritime rights - blockades, impressment, embargo act, War Hawks, Treaty of Ghent. Tcumseh, Henry Clay.	15

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AP World History Acronyms Flashcards

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6628815736	DICE	Decolonization, Innovations & Integration, Conflicts & Communism, Environmental Issues & Economic Integration	0
6628822198	RAISING	Revolutions, Abolition, Industrialization, Social Darwinism Spheres of Influence, Imperialism, Nationalism, Global Migrations	1
6628828771	GERMS	Gunpowder Empires, Exchange & Exploration, Renaissance & Reformations, Ming Dynasty, Silver Sugar Slavery	2
6628835338	TIMBER	Tang & Song, Islam & Incas, Mongols & Mali, Byzantine, Europe (is), Regionalized	3
6628840086	Quiet People Make Great Human Resources	Qin, Persia, Maurya & Maya, Gupta & Greek City-States, Han, Rome	4
6628842821	DARTH	Domestication, Agriculture, River Valleys, Trans-Regional Trade & Technologies, Hittites & Iron	5
6628848454	Foundations, 8000-600 BC	DARTH	6
6628851868	Classical, 600 BC-600 AD	Quiet People Make Great Human Resources	7
6628854754	Post Classical, 600 AD-1450 AD	TIMBER	8
6628857869	Early Modern, 1450-1750 AD	GERMS	9
6628860286	Modern, 1750-1900 AD	RAISING	10
6628861511	Contemporary, 1900-NOW	DICE	11

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