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AP World History Ways of the World: Chapter 4 Terms Flashcards

Terms from the Ways of the World textbook. Terms quiz Monday.
And yes, I realise that Mandate of Heaven was part of last week's set, however, it was added to the bedfordsstmartins Chapter 4 terms website so I included it again.
Link: http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/strayer1e/pages/bcs-main.asp?v=category&s=00060&n=04000&i=04060.01&o=|04000|&ns=0

Terms : Hide Images
2877429604Ahura MazdaIn Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world.0
2877429605Alexander the GreatAlexander III of Macedon (356-323 BCE) conqueror of the Persian Empire and part of NW India.1
2877429606AryansIndo-Europeans pastoralists who moved into India about the time of the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization; their role in causing this collapse is still debated by historians.2
2877429607AshokaThe most famous ruler of the Mauryan Empire (r. 268-232 BCE) who converted to Buddhism and tried to rule peacefully with tolerance.3
2877429608Athenian DemocracyA radical form of direct democracy in which most of the free male population of Athens had the franchise and officeholders were chosen by lot.4
2877429609Battle of MarathonAthenian victory over a Persian invasion in 490 BCE.5
2877429610Caesar AugustusThe great-nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar who emerged as sole ruler of the Roman state at the end of an extended period of civil war (r. 31 BCE-14 CE)6
2877429611Cyrus the GreatFounder of the Persian Empire (r. 557-530 BCE); a ruler noted for his conquests, religious tolerance, and political moderation.7
2877429612Darius IGreat king of Persia (r. 522-486 BCE) following the upheavals after Cyrus's death; completed the establishment of the Persian Empire.8
2877429613Greco-Persian WarsTwo major Persian invasions of Greece in 490 BCE and 480 BCE in which the Persians were defeated on both land and sea.9
2877429614Gupta EmpireAn empire of India (320-550 CE)10
2877429615Han DynastyDynasty that ruled China from 206-220 BCE creating a durable state based on Shihuangdi's state-building achievement.11
2877429616Hellenistic eraThe period from 323-30 BCE in which Greek culture spread widely in Eurasia in the kingdom ruled by Alexander's political successors.12
2877429617HerodotusGreek historian known as the "father of history"; His histories enunciated the Greek view of a fundamental divide between East and West, culminating in the Greco-Persian Wars of 490-480 BCE.13
2877429618HopliteA heavily armed Greek infantryman; the ability to afford a panoply and to fight for the city came to define Greek citizenship.14
2877429619IoniaThe territory of Greek settlements on the coast of Anatolia; the main bone of contention between the Greek and Persian empires.15
2877429620Mandate of HeavenThe ideological underpinning of Chinese emperors, this was the belief that a ruler held authority by command of divine force as long as he ruled morally and benevolently.16
2877429621Mauryan EmpireA major empire (322-185 BCE) that encompassed most of India.17
2877429622Olympic GamesGreek religious festival and athletic competition in honour of Zeus; founded in 776 BCE and celebrated every four years.18
2877429623PatriciansWealthy, privleged Romans who dominated early Roman society.19
2877429624pax RomanaThe "Roman peace" a term typically used to denote the stability and prosperity of the early Roman empire, especially in the first and second centuries CE.20
2877429625Peloponnesian WarGreat war between Athens (and allies) and Sparta (and allies) lasting from 431-404 BCE. The conflict ended in the defeat of Athens and the closing of Athen's Golden Age.21
2877429626PersepolisThe capital and greatest palace-city of the Persian Empire, destroyed by Alexander the Great.22
2877429627Persian EmpireA major empire that expanded from the Iranian plateau to incorporate the Middle East from Egypt to India; flourished from around 550 to 330 BCE.23
2877429628PlebeiansPoorer, less-privleged Romans who gradually won a role in Roman politics.24
2877429629Punic WarsThe major wars between Rome and Carthage in North Africa, fought between 264 and 146 BCE, that culminated in Roman victory and control of the Western Mediterranean.25
2877429630Qin DynastyA short-lived (221-206 BCE) but highly influential Chinese dynasty that succeeded in reuniting China at the end of the Warring States period.26
2877429631Qin ShihuangdiLiterally "first emperor from Qin"; forcibly reunited China and established a strong and repressive state.27
2877429632SolonAthenian statesmen and lawmaker (594-560 BCE) whose reforms led the Athenians toward democracy.28
2877429633WudiHan emperor (r. 141-86 BCE) who began the Chinese civil service system by establishing an academy to train imperial bureaucrats.29
2877429634XiongnuNomadic peoples to the north of the Great Wall of China who were a frequent threat to the stability of the Chinese state30
2877429635Yellow Turban RebellionA major Chinese peasant revolt that began in 184 BCE and helped cause the fall of the Han Dynasty.31
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Algebra Flashcards

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5297098318absolute valueThe distance between a real number and zero on a number line.0
5297099526additive inverseThe opposite of a number. When added together, the sum is zero.1
5297101531algebraic expressionA collection of numbers and variables with at least one arithmetic operation.2
5297108156associative propertyThe grouping of terms within expressions involving addition or multiplication does not change the value. Ex: (a+b) + c = a + (b+c)3
5297108157axis of symmetryThe line that divides a graph into two symmetrical parts.4
5297108945baseThe repeated factor of a number written in exponential form.5
5297108946binomialA two-term polynomial.6
5297108947coefficientThe numerical value of a term.7
5297110152combine like termsAdding or subtracting terms that have the same variable(s) and exponent(s).8
5297110153commutative propertyChanging the order of addition or multiplication does not change the value. Ex: a+b+c = c+a+b9
5297111865compound inequalityTwo inequalities combined in one statement by the word and or or.10
5297114562consistent systemA system of equations with at least one solution.11
5297114563constantA term with no variables.12
5297114565coordinate planeFormed by two number lines that cross each other at zero.13
5297115821coordinatesOrdered pairs that identify points on a plane.14
5297115822deductive reasoningThe process of using logic to draw conclusions.15
5297115823denominatorThe lower half of a fraction.16
5297117243dependent systemA system of equations that has infinite solutions.17
5297129398differenceThe answer to a subtraction problem.18
5297129399difference of two squaresA binomial whose terms are perfect squares being subtracted.19
5297130430direct variationAn equation in the form y=kx, where k does not equal zero.20
5297130431discriminantThe expression inside the radical of the quadratic formula.21
5297131500distributive propertyUsed to clear parentheses by multiplying a term on the outside by two or more terms inside the parentheses. Ex: a(b - c) = ab - ac22
5297134151equationA mathematical sentence with an equal sign.23
5297135518evaluateTo find the value of an expression by following the order of operations.24
5297135520exponentThe number of times a base is multiplied by itself. Also called a power.25
5297137077extraneous solutionA result that does not satisfy the original equation or inequality.26
5297137078factorAn integer that divides another integer with no remainder.27
5297137922functionA relation in which every input (x) has exactly one output (y).28
5297142104function notationWhen the output (y) of a relation is renamed f(x). Read "f of x".29
5297144044graphingThe act of plotting points on a plane to represent a function or relation.30
5297145200greatest common factorThe largest number that divides into two terms.31
5297145201grouping symbolsSymbols such as parentheses and brackets, which separate terms within an expressions. Others include fraction bars, absolute value, square root, braces, etc.32
5297146662inconsistent systemA system of equations that has no solution.33
5297146663independent systemA system of equations that has exactly one solution.34
5297146664inequalityA sentence using greater than or less than symbols. Also, greater than or equal to, or less than or equal to.35
5297147687integerAll whole numbers and their opposites.36
5297150388irrational numberNumbers that cannot be expressed as fractions or terminating/repeating decimals.37
5297150389isolate the variableCollecting like terms and using inverse operations to get a variable by itself on one side of a relation.38
5297151688like termsTerms with the same variables raised to the same exponents.39
5297152646linear equationAn equation whose variables have an exponent of one and whose graph creates a straight line.40
5297154027monomialAn expression with a one term.41
5297954621multiplicative identity propertyMultiplying a number by one equals that number.42
5297957217multiplicative inverseTwo numbers multiplied together that equal one.43
5297960614zero product propertyAny number multiplied by zero equals zero.44
5297960615natural numberThe set of counting numbers starting with one.45
5297962475no solutionWhen there is no answer to an equation or inequality.46
5297962476numeratorThe upper half of a fraction.47
5297963960oppositesNumbers that have the same absolute value.48
5297963961order of operationsThe rules for evaluating an expression.49
5297963962ordered pairA pair of numbers used to identify a point (x, y) on a coordinate plane.50
5297965689originThe intersection of the axes in a coordinate plane.51
5297965690parabolaA U-shaped graph created by a quadratic function. Can also be upside down.52
5297968597parallelLines or planes that never intersect.53
5297968598perfect squareA number with a square root that is rational.54
5297970454perpendicularLines or planes that intersect at right angles.55
5297974986point-slope formAn equation of a line in this form:56
5297995286polynomialAn expression with one or more monomials being added or subtracted.57
5298030016productThe answer to a multiplication problem.58
5298031846propertyA law that governs mathematics.59
5298034202quadrantOne of four regions of a coordinate plane.60
5298057995quadratic expressionAn expression in this form with a, b and c being numbers.61
5298057996quadratic formulaA method of finding roots of a quadratic function by replacing a, b and c with numbers.62
5298057997quotientThe answer to a division problem.63
5298061406rateThe ratio that compares two quantities in different units.64
5298061407ratioThe relationship of two quantities, often shown using division.65
5298061408rational expressionA fraction that has polynomials in the numerator and denominator.66
5298062624rational numberAny number that can be written as a fraction.67
5298062625real numberAll rational and irrational numbers.68
5298062626reciprocalThe multiplicative inverse of a number. Created by switching the numerator and the denominator.69
5298063968repeating decimalA rational number that has a block of one or more numbers after the decimal that continually show up.70
5298063969replacement setA set of solutions that can replace a variable.71
5298063970riseThe difference between two y-values on a linear graph.72
5298065097runThe difference between two x-values on a linear graph.73
5298065098simplest formAn expression that contains no like terms or parentheses.74
5298066630simplifyTo reduce an expression to as few terms as possible.75
5298067715slopeA measure of steepness of a line. Often represented by the letter m. Calculated by finding the ratio of the change in y-coordinates (rise) to the change in x-coordinates (run).76
5298067716slope-intercept formAn equation of a line in this form, with m as the slope and b as the y-intercept.77
5298069693solveThe process of finding all values of a variable that make an equation or inequality true.78
5298071396standard form of an equationAn equation in this form, where A, B and C are integers and A is positive.79
5298073301standard form of polynomialsWhen terms are placed in descending order according to their degree.80
7229457785sumThe answer to an addition problem.81
7229457786system of equationsA set of two or more equations with two or more variables.82
7229458168terminating decimalA rational number that does not repeat or continue indefinitely after the decimal.83
7229458169termA number and/or variable(s), or a combination of both being multiplied or divided.84
7229458374trinomialAn expression with three terms.85
7229458375undefinedNo solution.86
7229458664variableSymbols, usually letters, used to represent unspecified values.87
7229459261whole numberAll natural (counting) numbers and zero.88
7229459529x-axisThe horizontal number line of a coordinate plane.89
7229459530x-interceptThe point where a graph touches the x-axis. Also referred to as roots or zeros.90
7229459893y-axisThe vertical number line of a coordinate plane.91
7229460257y-interceptThe point where a graph touches the y-axis. Sometimes represented by the letter b.92
7231547487line of best fitA line drawn through a scatter plot to best represent the data.93
7231569624counterexampleA specific case that makes a statement false.94
7231576986degreeThe sum of the exponents in a monomial.95
7231582880dependent variableThe y-value, or output, of a relation, whose value depends on the input.96
7231592107independent variableThe x-value, or input, of a relation, which determines the output.97
7231593667domainThe set of x-values in a relation.98
7231597015rangeThe set of y-values in a relation.99
7231604391radicalA root symbol. The most common is square root, but can also be cubed, fourth root, fifth root, etc.100
7231640814geometric sequenceA pattern in which each term is found by multiplying the previous term by a common ratio (r). Ex: 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96...101
7231644371arithmetic sequenceA pattern that increases or decreases at a constant rate (d). Ex: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25...102
7236318385rootsThe solution(s) of a quadratic equation, where the parabola crosses the x-axis. Also called zeros.103
7236363332scientific notationA way to represent very large or very small numbers by multiplying a number (at least one but less than 10) by 10 to the nth power.104
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AP world history quiz Flashcards

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2815355643Paleolithic(2.5 mil to 8000 BCE) used tools made of stone and developed language and mastereed fire0
2815355644Neolithic(8000 to 3000 BCE) developed agriculture and people lived in villages1
2815355645NomadicSmall groups of hunter-gatherers; moved per climate and availability of plants and animals2
2815355646Agricultural villagesA village built around agriculture; came after hunting and gathering3
2815355647Bronze ageBegan after Neolithic age (around 3000 BCE); they combined copper and tin to make bronze4
2815355648PolytheismBelief in many gods5
2815355649MesopotamiaLocated in modern Iraq between Tigris and Euphrates' rivers; very fertile; high temperature and flooding6
2815355650CuneiformWriting system used in the ancient Near East from around 4th millennium to 1st century BCE; made by pressing slanted edge of stylus into soft clay7
2815355651City stateCity that with its surrounding territory forms and independent state8
2815355652ZigguratSumerian temples; stepped temple built on a square or rectangular platform; had religious sanctuary on top where sacrifices occured9
2815355653Code of HammurabiCode of laws set by Babylonian King, Hammurabi, who had conquered Mesopotamia; eye for an eye concept; first written down laws10
2815355654Epic of GilgameshStory of a Sumerian king of Uruk; 2 powerful men destroyed the guardian of the forest; gives insight to Sumerian culture11
28153556555 regions of the world- Americas - Africa - Europe - Asia - Oceania12
2815355656What did humans accomplish during the Paleolithic Age?- tools made of stone - developed language - mastered fire13
2815355657What is the significance of the Neolithic Age?Development of agriculture and irrigation so people began living in villages14
2815355658What is a revolution ?A time in history when there is a big change15
2815355659Where were the first agricultural villages? Why did they began to settle and have the villages?Mesopotamia (Fertile Crescent); a growing population forced people to settle down and farm for a more reliable food source than nomadic hunting and herding16
3538400015Where were the first citiesMesopotamia, Nile, Indus Valley, Huang He/Yellow, Niger, Mexico, Andes Mtns17
2815355660Where is the exception to the first agricultural villages?In South Japan among the Jomon people18
2815355661What are the characteristics of civilization?- advanced city centers for trade - record keeping - advanced technology (irrigation) - specialized workers - complex institutions (political, economic, religious)19
28153556624 ancient River valley civilizations- The Nile - Valley of Tigris and Euphrates River - Indus Valley - The Yellow River20
2815355663Mesopotamia socialClass levels 1) priests and kings 2) merchants and artisans 3) peasants 4) slaves21
2815355664Mesopotamia politicalGovernment - one King of each city-state - first there was religious leaders then temporary military leaders, but they were always at war, so they kept the king in office22
2815355665Mesopotamia interaction- created irrigation systems - adapted to environment by inventing new technology - had many different jobs that involved nature (artisans, merchants)23
2815355666Mesopotamia culture- had ziggurats in center of town with sacrifice - grow wheat and barley - had artisans24
2815355667Mesopotamia economics- Trade!!!! They traded agricultural and artisan products for raw materials (wood, stone, metal) Traded in Persian Gulf, along Arabian Sea, in Indus Valley, Zagros Mountains, Mediterranean Sea - made cuneiform to track trade25
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AP World History Flashcards

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2934889230which of the following statements concerning inter-clan relationships in bedouin society is most accurateinter-clan violence over control of water and pasturage was common0
2934889231what was the result of inter-clan rivalriesit weakened the bedouin in comparison to neighboring peoples and empires1
2934889232what clan was responsible for the foundation of MeccaUmayyad2
2934889233What was the Ka'bathe religious shrine that was the focus of an annual truce3
2934889234What was the major difference between Medina and MeccaPolitical dominance in Medina was ocntested between a number of Jewish and bedouin tribes.4
2934889235which of the following statements most accurately describes the status of women in bedouin society prior to Islamwomen in pre-Islamic bedouin culutre enjoyed greater freedom and higher status than those of the Byzantine and Persian Empires.5
2934889236what was the nature of pre-Islamic bedouin religionbedouin religion for most clans was a blend of animism and polytheism focusing on the worship of nature spirits6
2934889237what was the clan into which Muhammad was bornBanu Hashim7
2934889238what was the initial response of the Umayyads to Muhammad's new faiththey regarded him as a threat to their wealth and power as he questioned the traditional gods of the Ka'ba8
2934889239what was the principle advantage of the Islamic concept of the ummahit transcended old tribal boundaries and made possible political unity among Arab clans9
2934889240which of the following represents a mounting pressure for change in pre-Islamic society greaterByzantine and Sassanian control over Arabic tribes of the peninsula and Arabic migration to Mesopotamia10
2934889241which of the following statements concerning Muhammad's flight to Medina is NOT correctMuhammad fled from Mecca with nearly one quarter of the city's population11
2934889242the Umayyads were threatened by all of the following developments EXCEPTMuhammad's destruction of the Ka'ba12
2934889243What was Muhammad's teachings with respect to the revelations of other monotheistic religionsMuhammad accepted the validity of earlier Christian and Judaic revelations and taught that his own revelations were a final refinement and reformulation of earlier ones13
2934889244which of the following was NOT a reason for the decline of the Abbasid dynasty by the ninth century ADthe collapse of the cities14
2934889245which of the following groups did NOT revolt against Abbasid ruleSunnis15
2934889246how did the Caliph al-Mahdi resolve the problem of succession in the Abbasid dynastyhe failed to resolve the problem of dynastic succession with disastrous results16
2934889247what was the fictional account of life at the court of the Caliph al-RashidThe thousand and one nights17
2934889248how did the administration of al-Rashid set a trend for subsequent Abbasid rulershe was at the outset of his reign heavily dependent on Persian advisers, a practice that became commonplace thereafter18
2934889249what was the result of the civil wars following the deaht of al-Rashidcandidates for the throne recognized the need to build up personal armies, often of slave soldiers19
2934889250which of the following statements concerning the mercenary armies of the later Abbasid era is NOT accuratedespite their tendency toward random violence, they loyally defended the Abbasid Caliphs20
2934889251what accounts for the disruption of the agricultural economy of the Abbasid Empirespiralling taxation, the destruction of the irrigation works, and pillaging by mercenary armies led to destruction and abandonment of many villages21
2934889252what was the innovation of the Abbasid court with respect to womenthe creation of Islamic nunneries22
2934889253what was the attitude of the Abbasid's towards the institution of slavery the Abbasid elite demandedgrowing numbers of both male and female slaves for concubines and domestic service23
2934889254why were the practices of seclusion and veiling seen as essential in Islamic societywomen were believed to be possessed of insatiable lust from which men had to be protected24
2934889255which of the following statements concerning women during the Abbasid era is most accuratewomen often married at puberty, set at age nine25
2934889256what was the trend of urbanization during much of the Abbasid Empiredespite political disintegration and a decline in agricultural economy, towns continued to grow rapidly26
2934889257what was the primary language of the later Abbasid courtPersian27
2934889258what was the difference between the Islamic invasions of India and previous incursions of the subcontinentwith the Muslims, the peoples of India encountered for the first time a large-scale influx of invaders with a civilization as sophisticated as their own28
2934889259how did Islam and Hinduism differIslam stressed the egalitarianism of all believers, while Hinduism embraced a caste-based social system29
2934889260what was Harsha's religious policyHarsha remained steadfastly loyal to Hinduism and suppressed the few remaining Buddhist monasteries in his empire30
2934889261which of the following is most correctly seen as a direct descendant of the Roman EmpireByzantine Empire31
2934889262The Byzantine Empire lasted from roughly500-145032
2934889263which of the following territories was always part of the Byzantine EmpireBalkans33
2934889264the significance of the Byzantine Empire included all of the following EXCEPTthe empire's conquest of the Ottoman Empire and its inclusion of all of the Middle East34
2934889265Which of the following does NOT represent a similarity between the spread of civilization in eastern and western EuropeNorthern political units rapidly dominated the political sophistication of civilization areas in Asia and North Africa35
2934889266what was the difference in the military organization of Byzantine and western Roman Empiresthe Byzantine Empire recruited men from the Middle East36
2934889267the name normally given to the form of Christianity that emerged in the Byzantine Empire wasOrthodox Christianity37
2934889268what Eastern emperor was responsible for the attempted restoration of a united Roman Empire after 533Justinian38
2934889269all of the following were outcomes of Justinian's wars of reconquest EXCEPTthe permanent addition of Rome to the Byzantine Empire39
2934889270after the seventh century, what group posed the greatest threat to the eastern frontiers of the Byzantine Empirethe Arab Muslims40
2934889271in which of the following ways were the Byzantine bureaucracy and the Chinese bureaucracy similarboth bureaucracies were open to talented commoners, not just aristocrats41
2934889272which of the following statements concerning Byzantine military organization is most accuratethe Byzantine Empire recruited troops within the empire by granting heritable land in return for military service42
2934889273which of the following statements concerning urbanization within the Byzantine Empire is most correctConstantinople controlled the economy and grew to enormous size, but other cities were relatively small43
2934889274which of the following statements concerning the merchant class of the Byzantine Empire is most accuratethere was a large and wealthy merchant class in the Byzantine Empire, but it never gained significant political power because of the power of the bureaucracy44
2934889275the religious controversy over the use of religious images in worhip that broke out in the tenth century was calledthe iconoclastic controversy45
2934889276what two missionaries were responsible for the creation of a written script for Slavic languageCyril and Methodius46
2934889277why did Vladimir I prefer Orthodox Christianity to Roman Catholicismhe believed that Roman Catholicism implied papal interference, while Orthodoxy embraced the control of the church by state47
2934889278of the following statements concerning the Tatar invasion of Russia is most accurateTatar supervision did not destroy Russian Christianity or a native Russian aristocracy48
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Geometry Flashcards

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7563970506CollinearPoints that lie on the same line0
7563970507Linear PairA pair of adjacent angles whose noncommon sides are opposite rays.1
7563970508Supplementary anglesTwo angles whose sum is 180 degrees2
7563970509Complementary anglesTwo angles whose sum is 90 degrees3
7563970510Vertical AnglesA pair of opposite congruent angles formed by intersecting lines4
7563970511Angle addition postulateIf P is in the interior of 5
7563970512Segment addition postulateIf B is between A and C, then AB + BC = AC6
7563970513CongruentHaving the same size and shape7
7563970514Angle bisectora ray that divides an angle into two congruent angles8
7563970515Segment bisectora segment, ray, line, or plane that intersects a segment at its midpoint9
7563970516MidpointA point that divides a segment into two congruent segments10
7563970517postulatesomething accepted as true without proof; an axiom11
7563970518theoremA mathematical statement which we can prove to be true12
7563970521parallel lineslines in the same plane that never intersect13
7563970522conditional statementsA statement that can be written in if-then form.14
7563970523hypothesisA testable prediction, often implied by a theory An educated guess15
7563970524conclusionA summary based on evidence or facts16
7563970528Line segmentA part of a line with two endpoints17
7563970529Line1. A long thin mark on a surface. 2. A continuous extent of length, straight or curved, without breadth or thickness; the trace of a moving point. 3. Long, narrow mark or band.18
7563970530converse of a conditional statementWhen the hypothesis and conclusion are switched. The converse of p ➝ q is q ➝ p. A statement formed by interchanging the hypothesis and the conclusion in a conditional statement.19
7563970531transversala line that intersects two or more coplanar lines at different points20
7563970532corresponding anglesAngles formed by a transversal cutting through 2 or more lines that are in the same relative position.21
7563970533same side interior anglestwo interior angles on the same side of the transversal22
7563970534same side exterior anglestwo exterior angles on the same side of the transversal23
7563970535alternate interior anglesangles between 2 lines and on opposite sides of a transversal24
7563970536alternate exterior anglesAngles that lie outside a pair of lines and on opposite sides of a transversal.25
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AP English Literature Vocab Flashcards

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6578173670Allegorya universal symbol or personified abstraction0
6578176258Alliterationthe repetition of similar initial sounds, usually consonants, in a group of words1
6578179661Allusionan indirect or oblique reference within a text to another text or work. Hence a subtle artistic quotation or homage2
6578179662Ambiguitysomething uncertain as to interpretation3
6578181989Anachronismsomething that shows up in the wrong place or the wrong time4
6578183726Analogya comparison made between two things to show the similarities between them5
6578183727Analysisa method in which a work or idea is separated into its parts, and those parts given rigorous and detailed scrutiny6
6578187668Anaphoraa device or repetition in which a word or words are repeated at the beginning of two or more lines, phrases, clauses, or sentences7
6578187669Anecdotea very short story used to illustrate a point.8
6578189641Antagonista person or force opposing the protagonist in a drama or narrative9
6578189642Antiheroa protagonist who does not embody or exhibit the qualities of the traditional hero. An antihero may even be downright dishonest and petty.10
6578191528Aphorisma terse, pointed statement expressing some wise or clever observation about life.11
6578191529Apologiaa defense or justification for some doctrine, piece of writing, cause, or action; also apology12
6578193154Apostrophea figure of speech in which an absent or dead person, an abstract quality, or something inanimate or nonhuman is addressed directly.13
6578194711Apocalyptic Literaturewritings that aim to reveal the future history of the world and the ultimate destiny of the earth and its inhabitants14
6578194712Argumentationthe process of convincing a reader by proving either the truth or the falsity of an idea or proposition; also, the thesis or proposition itself15
6578196711Assonancethe repetition of similar vowel sounds within a line or succeeding lines of verse.16
6578196712Assumptionthe act of supposing, or taking for granted that a thing is true17
6578202742Audiencethe intended listener or listeners18
6578207903Autobiographyan author's own life history or memoir.19
6578212274Antithesisa balancing of one term against another for emphasis or stylistic effectiveness.20
6578214092Archetyperecurrent designs, patterns of action, character types, themes, or images which are identifiable in a wide range of literature21
6578219673Blank Versea verse form consisting of unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter. Shakespeare's plays are largely in blank verse.22
6578219674Black Humorcomedy mingled with horror or a sense of the macabre; extremely bitter, morbid, or shocking humor23
6578222541Cataloguea traditional epic device consisting of a long rhetorical list or inventory.24
6578225312Characterizationthe means by which a writer reveals a character's personality25
6578225313Chiasmusa reversal in the order off words so that the second half of a statement balances the first half in inverted word order.26
6578227403Christ Figurea character who sacrifices himself or herself for the betterment of the characters in the story.27
6578227404Circumlocutiona roundabout or evasive speech or writing, in which many words are used but a few would have served28
6578229322Classicismart, literature, and music reflecting the principles of ancient Greece and Rome: tradition, reason, clarity, order, and balance29
6578229323Clichea phrase or situation overused within society30
6578229324Climaxthe decisive point in a narrative or drama; the pint of greatest intensity or interest at which plot question is answered or resolved31
6578232342Colloquialismfolksy speech, slang words or phrases usually used in informal conversation32
6578235328ConceitA witty or ingenious thought a diverting or highly fanciful idea, often stated in figurative language.33
6578235329Comedyfilm or dramatic work depicting the uphill struggle and eventual success of a sympathetic hero or heroine; usually about ordinary people in difficult but non-life-threatening predicaments.34
6578235330Connotationimplicit meaning, going beyond dictionary definition35
6578255899Consonancerepetition of the same or similar consonant sounds in a line or succeeding lines of verse.36
6578255900Contrasta rhetorical device by which one element (idea or object) is thrown into opposition to another for the sake of emphasis or clarity37
6578264373CoupletA pair of rhyming lines in a poem38
6578266450Dramaa literary work designed for presentation by actors on a stage.39
6578266451Dramatic Romanceplay which adapts the themes, characters, and conventions of narrative romance for the stage40
6578268213Denotationplain dictionary definition41
6578268214Denouementloose ends tied up in a story after the climax, closure, and conclusion42
6578269860Dialectthe language of a particular district, class or group of persons; the sounds, grammar, and diction employed by people distinguished from others.43
6578273265Dialecticsformal debates usually over the nature of truth.44
6578273266Dichotomysplit or break between two opposing things45
6578273267Dictionthe style of speaking or writing as reflected in the choice and use of words.46
6578278187Didactichaving to do with the transmission of information; education.47
6578278188Dogmaticrigid in beliefs and principles.48
6578280417Dues Ex Machinain literature, the use of an artificial device or gimmick to solve a problem.49
6578280418Elegya mournful, melancholy poem, especially a funeral song or lament for the dead, sometimes contains general reflections on death, often with a rural or pastoral setting.50
6578281748Epica long narrative poem usually about gods, heroes, and legendary events; celebrates the history, culture, and character of a people51
6578284750EnjambmentIn poetry, the use of the successive lines with no punctuation or pause between them.52
6578284751Epigramwitty aphorism.53
6578286505Epitaphany brief inscription in prose or verse on a tombstone; a short formal poem of commemoration often a credo written by the person who wishes it to be on his tombstone.54
6578286506Epitheta short, descriptive name or phrase that may insult someone's character, characteristics55
6578287930Essayliterally a "trial," "test run," or "experiment" (from the French essayer, "to attempt"); hence a relatively short, informal piece of non-fiction prose that treats a topic of general interest in a seemingly casual, impressionistic, and lively way.56
6578287931Euphemismthe use of an indirect, mild or vague word or expression for one thought to be coarse, offensive, or blunt.57
6578290257Evocative (Evocation)a calling forth of memories and sensations; the suggestion or production through artistry and imagination of a sense of reality.58
6578290258Expositionbeginning of a story that sets forth facts, ideas, and/or characters, in a detailed explanation.59
6578290259Expressionismmovement in art, literature, and music consisting of unrealistic representation of an inner idea or feeling(s).60
6578295548Extended MetaphorA series of comparisons between two unlike objects.61
6578295549Fablea short, simple story, usually with animals as characters, designed to teach a moral truth.62
6578295550Fallacyfrom Latin word "to deceive", a false or misleading notion, belief, or argument; any kind of erroneous reasoning that makes arguments unsound.63
6578297409Falling Actionpart of the narrative or drama after the climax.64
6578299521Fantasy Fictionmodern adventure novels or tales that adapt many of the conventions and devices of medieval romance65
6578299522Farcecomedy that makes extensive use of improbable plot complications, zany characters, and slapstick humor.66
6578303309Figurative Languageapt and imaginative language characterized by figures of speech (such as metaphor and simile). This is language that cannot be taken literally67
6578303310Flashbacka narrative device that flashes back to prior events.68
6578303311Foila person or thing that, by contrast, makes another seem better or more prominent.69
6578304659Folk Talestory passed on by word of mouth.70
6578304660Foreshadowingin fiction and drama, a device to prepare the reader for the outcome of the action; "planning" to make the outcome convincing, though not to give it away.71
6578306998Free Verseverse without conventional metrical pattern, with irregular pattern or no rhyme.72
6578310350Genrea collective grouping or general category of literary works; a large class or group that consists of individual works of literature that share common attributes (e.g., similar themes, characters, plots, or styles).73
6578310351Gothic Talea style in literature characterized by gloomy settings, violent or grotesque action, and a mood of decay, degeneration, and decadence.74
6578312444Hyperbolean exaggerated statement often used as a figure of speech or to prove a point75
6578314260Imagerya word or phrase in a literary text that appeals directly to the reader's taste, touch, hearing, sight, or smell.76
6578317487Incongruitythe deliberate joining of opposites or of elements that are not appropriate to each other.77
6578317488Inferencea judgment or conclusion based on evidence presented; the forming of an opinion which possesses some degree of probability according to facts already available.78
6578320728Irony79
6578320729Interior Monologue80
6578322355Inversion81
6578324326In-Medis-Res82
6578325861Juxtaposition83
6578327190Lyric84
6578327191Magical Realism85
6578328755Melodrama86
6578328756Metaphor87
6578328757Meter88
6578330478Metonymy89
6578333128Mock Epic90
6578333129Mode of Discourse91
6578334749Modernism92
6578334750Monologue93
6578334751Mood94
6578336407Motif95
6578336408Myth96
6578337780Narrative97
6578341612Narrator98
6578341613Neo-Classicism99
6578341614Novel100
6578343109Novella101
6578343110Ode102
6578344438Omniscient Point of View103
6578348931Onomatopoeia104
6578348932The Other105
6578350381Oxymoron106
6578350382Pacing107
6578351822Parable108
6578351823Paradox109
6578353940Parallelism110
6578368378Parody111
6578369695Pastoralism112
6578372655Pathos113
6578372656Personification114
6578374457Plot115
6578374458Poignant116
6578376260Point of View117
6578376261Postmodernism118
6578376262Prosody119
6578381557Prose120
6578383364Protagonist121
6578383365Pun122
6578383366Purpose123
6578385523Quatrain124
6578392118Realism125
6578393965Refrain126
6578395964Requiem127
6578400707Resolution128
6578400708Rhetoric129
6578400709Rhetorical Question130
6578402075Rhyme131
6578402076Rhythm132
6578402077Rising Action133
6578403651Romance134
6578405034Romanticism135
6578405035Satire136
6578406352Science Fiction137
6578406353Scansion138
6578408744Setting139
6578410541Simile140
6578419672Soliloquy141
6578424171Sonnet142
6578425884Spiritual143
6578425885Speaker144
6578425886Stereotype145
6578429014Stream of Consciousness146
6578429015Structure147
6578430730Style148
6578430731Synecdoche149
6578432111Symbolism150
6578434095Syntax151
6578436023Theme152
6578439420Tragedy153
6578439421Tragicomedy154
6578440704Tone155
6578443573Utopian Literature156
6578449797Victorian Literature157
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