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US AP History Period 1 Flashcards

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8044311332A land bridge from AsiaHow early Americans reached North and South America0
8044311333Nomadic; following food and herdsThe lifestyle that encouraged Indians to cross the land bridge1
8044311334Mayan, Inca and AztecsThe most complex Indian communities living in South America2
8044311335MaizeThis crop transformed nomadic hunter-gatherer societies into settled farm communities3
8044311336Silk, Spices, Oils/PerfumesItems desired from Persia & China4
8044311337God, Gold & Glory3 motives for Spanish Exploration5
8044311338HispaniolaThe area in which Columbus landed6
8044311339Treaty of TordesillasThe agreement settling the dispute between Spain & Portugal for land in the Americas.7
8044311340Semi-permanent settlementsMost people in the Americas lived in this type of settlement by the time of Christopher Columbus.8
8044311341Anasazi; PuebloTribes that settled in the Southwest; had culture based on farming & irrigation systems with permanent buildings9
8044311342Northwest IndiansLived in permanent longhouses that had a rich diet based on hunting & fishing10
8044311343Great Plains IndiansTribe that was nomadic OR farmers/traders; hunted buffalo, raised maize, beans & squash11
8044311344What did the Treaty of Tordesillas say?Divided the trade routes to Asia: Spain gets the route across the Atlantic and Portugal gets the route around Africa. Also, Spain got a lot of land in the New World and Portugal got present-day Brazil.12
8044311345CortesConquered the Aztecs13
8044311346PizzaroConquered the Incas14
8044311347Bartolome de las CasasMan who stood up for the rights on the natives.15
8044311348RenaissanceTime period that allowed for the invention of gunpowder, the compass and advanced shipbuilding and mapmaking16
8044311349Vasco de GamaFirst European to reach India using the route around South Africa's Cape of Good Hope.17
8044311350John CabotFirst explorer sent by England to the New World; explored the North American coast18
8044311351Christopher ColumbusExplorer who won the backing of Queen Isabella & King Ferdinand of Spain to sail west from Europe to the "Indies."19
8044311352Ferdinand MagellanExplorer who is credited with the 1st circumnavigation of the earth20
8044311353Henry HudsonWhile searching for the northwest passage, this explorer sailed up a a broad river to give the Dutch claim21
8044311354Columbian ExchangeExchange of plants, animals, and diseases (beans, corn, potatoes, tomatoes & tobacco) between Old World and New World after the time of Columbus.22
8044311355Corn, beans, squash (3 sister farming)3 crops from the Americas ended up being staple crops in Europe?23
8044311356HorsesAnimal introduced by the Spanish that changed the lifestyle of the Native American24
8044311357Smallpox, malaria, yellow fever, influenzaDiseases from the Old World and went to the New World25
8044311358SyphillisDisease from the New World to the Old World26
8044311359Valladolid DebateThe argument between Bartolome de Las Casas and Juan Gines de Sepulveda over treatment of Indians by the Spanish.27
8044311360EncomiendaA grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it; essentially set up slavery for Native Americans28
8044311361Atlantic slave tradeLasted from 16th century until the 19th century. Trade of African peoples from Western Africa to the Americas. 98% of Africans were sent to the Caribbean, South and Central America.29
8044311362IroquoisA later native group to the eastern woodlands. They blended agriculture and hunting living in common villages constructed from the trees and bark of the forests30
8044311363CherokeeAre a Native American people historically settled in the Southeastern United States (principally Georgia, the Carolinas and Eastern Tennessee). Linguistically, they are part of the Iroquoian-language family.31
8044311364InuitA member of a people inhabiting the Arctic (northern Canada or Greenland or Alaska or eastern Siberia)32
8044311365MayaMesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar.33
8044311366Aztec(1200-1521) 1300, they settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew corn. Engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region. Worshipped many gods (polytheistic). Believed the sun god needed human blood to continue his journeys across the sky.34
8044311367IncaTheir empire stretched from what is today Ecuador to central Chili in the Andes Mountain region of South America. Called the Children of the Sun.35
8044311368TenochtitlanCapital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 150,000 on the eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins.36
8044311369NomadEarly, simplistic man that migrated across the land bridge.37
8044311370Martin LutherBroke away from the Catholic Church because of his 95 problems with the Catholic Church.38
8044311371King Henry VIIIBroke away from the Catholic Church because of his disagreement with his inability to get divorced; which eventually led to civil unrest in his country.39
8044311372New FranceEstablished in Canada and along the Mississippi River, focused on fur trade.40
8044311373AnimismBelief that non-human things possess a spiritual essence41
8044311374MestizoPeople with mixed Indian & European heritage42
8044311375MulattoPeople of mixed white and black ancestry43
8044311376Pope's Rebellion/Pueblo Revolt1680 conflict that lead to death of hundreds of Spanish colonists and destruction of Catholic churches in the area44
8044311377Cultural autonomyConflicts between Natives and Europeans were for the Natives to maintain this45
8044311378MercantilismEconomic system in which the colonies exist to enrich the Mother country; attempt to export to colonies more than they import46
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Ap US History period 3 Easy Flashcards

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75795368281754-1763 War between French and British in American colonies part of 7 yearsThe French and Indian War0
7579536829Line drawn by British Parliament, colonists not allowed to settle past Appalachian mountainsThe Proclamation of 17631
75795368301765 direct tax on a stamp that must be put on paper, office documents, etc.Stamp Act2
75795368311774 intolerable actsThe Coercive Acts3
75795368321776 pamphlet written by Thomas Paine to get people to want independenceCommon Sense4
75795368331776 document written by colonist elites to British King and Parliament stating independence and what all was wrong with British rule and the KingThe Declaration Of Independence5
7579536834Head to head battle between the British and Americans in country side, Americans win by a lot and show they have a chanceBattle of Saratoga6
7579536835Formed after battle of Saratoga when Americans proved to French they can win and French are allies because they want to damage an age old enemyFrench American Alliance7
75795368361783 ended the American Revolutionary War Granted the land British gave Indians as American land now American colonies recognized as their own independent countryTreaty of Paris8
7579536837First form of government A lot of weaknesses No strong central government Strong state governments Causes economical problems and failureArticles of confederation9
7579536838Land in Northwest is divided into 5 states (Michigan, Illinois, Ohio, Wisconsin, Indiana) they are all seen as equal to the 13 original states Reach a certain pop you can apply for statehood and be part of congress and slavery was outlawedThe Northwest Ordinance of 178710
75795368391786 farmers debt rebellion agriculture depression, economical failure and 2 out of 3 were being suedShay's Rebellion11
7579536840New format of government focuses more on a central national power and less on states 3 branch government that limit each otherThe Constitution12
7579536841One central power over allFederalism13
7579536842New Jersey and Virginia plans together and create the senate and House of Representatives senate equal vote house of rep by populationThe Great Compromise14
7579536843Slaves count as population for vote in congress 3 slaves for every 5 white were countedThe Three-Fifths compromise15
7579536844Essays written by Federalists to get people to ratify the constitution plubisThe Federalists papers16
7579536845Supported the ratification of the constitution one central strong governmentFederalists17
7579536846Against ratification of the constitutionAnti federalists18
7579536847First ten amendments of the constitutionThe Bill of rights19
75795368481st president formed the cabinets 2nd term strictly followed constitution left office to tell everyone they needed to be unified established framework of Supreme Court and how they will be decided judiciaryGeorge Washington's presidency20
7579536849Tackle debt- grant money back to people, national bank create national government, manufacturing establish tax revenueHamilton21
7579536850Wanted state governments against Hamilton 3rd president vice under John Adams voting process not fix yet and he got 2nd placeJefferson22
7579536851Unity and against foreign policiesWashington's farewell address23
75795368523 agents from France try to bribe Americans who came as ambassadors to see the rulers of France common in Europe but Americans took offense and John Adams published what happened for all Americans to see decreasing support of republicans because they are Franco filesXYZ Affair24
7579536853Sedition- speaking false against congress or president Alien- allow president to prison or deport suspicious foreign during war Cut of increase of republicansAlien and Sedition Acts25
7579536854Idea of nullification Legislatures that constitution was written by sovereign states so they could revoke the unconstitutional lawsKentucky and Virginia Resolutions26
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AP US History Period 1 Flashcards

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6712069960maize cultivationThe growing of Indian corn, a staple of many Indians diets, leading many nomadic tribes to settle and develop great civilizations such as the Aztecs incas and Mayans.0
6712069961hunter-gatherer economyA nomadic way of life with no agriculture focused on following food sources including animals and wild plants1
6712069962western hemisphereThe Americas2
6712069963west africaA area of Africa that was previously unreachable until the invention of the caravel by the Portuguese, leading to exploitation of the region for its gold and slaves3
6712069964plantation-based agricultureLarge scale agriculture worked by slaves4
6712069965capitalismEconomic system based on private investment and possessions5
6712069966Cultural autonomyFreedom of a group to express ones own culture without outside control i.g. The Christianization of the natives took away there Cultural autonomy6
6712069967great basinDesert area with no drainage to the ocean7
6712069968agricultural economyeconomy based on the production of crops8
6712069969spanish explorationColonization of the Americas by the conquistadors in search for gold, glory and god9
6712069970encomienda systemA government system where natives were given to colonists to work in return for converting them to Christianity.10
6712069971empire buildingThe Spanish increasing their empire through grafting their culture onto the natives and taking over the land11
6712069972white superiorityThe European idea they were superior to other cultures/ races and needed to enforce European culture/religion on them12
6712069973great plainsThe open plains of the Midwest where the natives adapted to roming the prairies on horseback13
6712069974permanent villagesThe settlements of Indians tribes based on the spread of agriculture14
6712069975Portuguese explorationDue to advancements in sailing technology the Portuguese were able to sail down the coast of Africa and open trade of gold and slaves, settle and make plantations and eventually find the way around Africa to the indies15
6712069976slave laborForced labor of people considered property by the people in charge16
6712069977feudalismA political, economic, and social system based on the relationship between lord and vassal in order to provide protection17
6712069978political autonomythe ability of a state to govern themselves without outside control18
6712069979Colombian exchangethe exchange between the new world and the old world consisting of the old world bringing wheat, cows, horses, sheep, pigs, sugar, rice, coffee, smallpox, malaria and yellow fever. while the new world sent gold, silver, corn, potatoes, tobacco, and syphills19
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AP US History Period 2 Flashcards

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7480065802The Protestant ReformationProtestant religions had... - more emphasis on the bible -All should be able to read bible -"Priesthood" of all believers Resulting religions include... -Lutherans -Quakers -Anglican -Calvin-Puritains-Congregational church0
7480065803Triangular tradeEconamic system that comes after the Columbian Exchange -Navigation laws where created to control this.1
7480065804Mercantilism, Navigation acts and Salutary Neglect-Enforce of neglect Attempts to enforce mercantilism are navigation acts "trade laws" -Salutary Neglect-let countries run themselves why?- might make money anyway -too many problems on their own -costly Impact of this? used to note being taxed and then when the are they get upset.2
7480065805The great awakening-1730's Jonathan Edward -"sinners in the hands of an angry god." -put fear of religion in people George Whitefield-Enlightment -Evangelicalism -Emotionalism -open air preaching Colonial unity in the way that all the colonies brought emotionalism in religion.3
7480065806The Zenger TrialJohn Peter Zenger was put in jail for saying negative things about the government and his lawyer argued that what he said was okay because it was all true. Established the freedom of press and speech.4
7480065807Women in colonial America (differences between Northern and Southern colonies)-A vast majority of woman worked at home doing housework and tending to the children. -Some also helped with farming -Some southern aristocrats had slaves5
7480065808American indian practices, colonial interactions with Indians-When the Colonists started moving west they got closer to the Indians and killed them off with the new illnesses that they brought also with their European weapons.6
7480065809Role of diseaseKilled most new settlers at Jamestown Killed Indians once colonists moved west7
7480065810Cash Cropscrops, such as tobacco, rice, sugar, and indigo, raised in large quantities in order to be sold for profit This was the #1 reason for slavery in the south.8
7480065811The Enlightenment1650-1790 Scientific revolution -from Europe -Emphasis on reason and progress Religion -deism -skeptism Politics -More Republics and Democracy (Franklin, Jefferson)9
7480065812Early signs of colonial democracy(6)House of Burgesses -Chesapeake -white landowning men can vote Town Hall -Mass. -white male members of church can vote Mayflower compact 1620 -ruled by majority -established first town meeting Fundamental orders of Conn. -first Constitution Maryland act of Toleration -1649 act of religious toleration to Christians only in MD Rhode Island and separation of church and state in 164410
7480065813Early signs of colonial unity-The New England Confederation (1643-) (Plymouth, MA bay, CT) not RI Created to deal with the Pequot war, King Philips war and the Anglo Dutch war -Emotionalism- part of great awakening11
7480065814Geography, economics and climate of NE colonies-Rocky soil not fit for plantations -Short growing seasons -More trade and commerce12
7480065815Emphasis on shipbuilding-Trade and commerce13
7480065816Mayflower compact1620 -rule by majority -established first town meeting14
7480065817Mass. Bay ColonyEstablished 1620 by Puritans -1630 11 vesels -Winthrop's "city on a hill" -Religious -Goal: create a model community for christians to copy -"blue laws"-silly religious laws -"Freedmen" where free white men part of church elected representation and had right to vote -NE way: relationship btwn church and state -Emphasis on education-1636 Harvard College Established15
7480065818Puritans-congregational church-self governing puritan without hierarchy of the anglican church -lead to democracy16
7480065819"City upon a hill"-WinthropBasically said that their society would be a model for all others in the future -shows how religious they where17
7480065820Salem Witch trials1692 Salem part of Mass. Puritanical town (belief in God and devil) Droughts and floods common 150 imprisoned 19 hanged, 5 died in prison Ended because governor and his wife where accused.18
7480065821Pequot wars-King Philip's war, 1675Issues with the Natives -Colonists win because of new illnesses and European weapons (The colonists increase of land lead to more conflict with natives.)19
7480065822The NE confederation(1643-) (Plymouth, MA bay, CT) not RI Created to deal with the Pequot war, King Philips war and the Anglo Dutch war -First sign of colonial unity20
7480065823Bostonmajor city21
7480065824Middle colonies-"bread basket" -Wheat -Corn -Diverse cities22
7480065825Philadelphia, NYCMajor cities23
7480065826William Penn and Pennsylvania-Formed by quakers -Good relations with Indians24
7480065827Chesapeake ColoniesFirst indentured servants came here but that changed because of bacon's rebellion and there was a lot of money to be made in tobacco (1680's)25
7480065828Indentured servitude-SlaveryIndentured servitude- White males that did work for 1 to 7 years and in return they received a journey to America. -Ended because of Bacon's rebellion (1676) -So they needed a source of labor that wouldn't fight back they looked to Africa.26
7480065829Maryland Act of Toleration(1649) Granted freedom of religion to all christians so no Jewish people ect.27
7480065830Virginia House of BurgessesThe first elected assembly in the New World, established in 161928
7480065831TobaccoCash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown29
7480065832Anglo-Powhatan warsConflict with Indians30
7480065833Bacon's rebellion(1676) Virginia backcountry farmers and indentured servants revolt against Governor William Berkley's refusal to defend them against Indian attacks. However it eventually became a boxer conflict between the impoverished and the planter elite. -basically rich V.S. poor31
7480065834rice, indigoSouth's economy is based on these crops32
7480065835Southern colonies-relation with West indies33
7480065836Institutional, Plantation slaveryLegalize slavery34
7480065837Barbados slave code(1661)-racism -first thing that says what slave owners can do to slaves -children of slaves are your slaves too -brought to southern colonies by immigrants from west indies.35
7480065838Charlestonmajor city36
7480065839Slave culturemixing of American and African cultures They tried to hold on to their old African culture -No major slave revlolts -Language: Gullah (spoke in SC) -Religion: Many adopted Christianity with African elements Music: The development of Jazz37
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AMSCO AP US History Chapter 4 Flashcards

AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 4 Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest, 1754-1774

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7579272156Patrick HenryYoung Virginian lawyer who coined the phrase "No taxation without representation" in his speech to the House of Burgesses. (p. 73)0
7579272157Stamp Act CongressRepresentatives from nine colonies met in New York in 1765 and decided that only their own elected representatives had the power to approve taxes. (p. 73)1
7579272158Sons and Daughters of LibertySecret society organized to intimidated tax agents. Sometimes they destroyed revenue stamps and tarred and feathered tax collectors. (p. 73)2
7579272160Samuel AdamsIn 1768, he was one of the authors of the the Massachusetts Circular Letter which urged colonies to petition Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts. (p. 74)3
7579272163Committees of CorrespondenceInitiated by Samuel Adams in 1772, these letters spread news of suspicious or threatening acts by the British throughout the colonies. (p. 74)4
7579272164Intolerable ActsColonist name for the Coercive Acts of 1774, a series of acts created to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party. (p. 75)5
7579272165George IIIIn the 1760s, he was the King of England. (p. 71)6
7579272166WhigsIn the 1760s, this was the dominant political party in Parliament that wanted the American colonies to bear more of the cost of maintaining the British empire. (p. 71)7
7579272167ParliamentThe legislative house of Great Britain. (p. 71)8
7579272168salutary neglectGreat Britain had exercised little direct control over the colonies and did not enforce its navigation laws. This changed after the French and Indian War, as the British adopted more forceful policies for taking control of the colonies. (p. 71)9
7579272170Pontiac's RebellionIn 1763, American Indian chief Pontiac led a major attack against the colonial settlements on the western frontier. The British did not rely on colonial forces, but instead sent their army to deal with the rebellion. This led to the creation of the Proclamation of 1763. (p. 72)10
7579272171Proclamation Act of 1763This proclamation prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. The British hoped it would prevent violence between Native Americans and colonists. The colonists were angry and disobeyed the law, moving to the west of the imaginary boundary in large numbers. (p. 72)11
7579272172Seven Years' War (French and Indian War)War fought in the colonies from 1754 to 1763 between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio River Valley area. The English won the war and the Peace of Paris was negotiated in 1763. (p. 70)12
7579272173Albany Plan of UnionThe British government called for representatives from several colonies to meet in Albany, New York in 1754, to provide for an inter-colonial government to recruit troops and collect taxes. Each colony was too jealous of its own taxation powers to accept the plan. (p. 70)13
7579272175George WashingtonHe led a small militia from the Virginia colony, to halt the completion of the French fort in the Ohio River Valley, Fort Duquesne. In July 1974, he was forced to surrender to a superior force of Frenchmen and their American Indian allies. This was the beginning of the French and Indian War. (p. 70)14
7579272176Peace of ParisPeace treaty signed to end the French and Indian War (The Seven Years' War) in 1763. Great Britain gained French Canada and Spanish Florida. France gave Spain its western territory. (p. 71)15
7579272177Sugar ActA 1764 British act which placed duties on foreign sugar and other luxuries. Its primary purpose was to raise money for the English Crown. (p. 72)16
7579272178Quartering ACTThis 1765 act required the colonists to provide food and living quarters for British soldiers. (p. 72)17
7579272179Stamp ActThis 1765 act required that revenue stamps be placed on almost all printed paper, such as legal documents, newspapers, and pamphlets. This was the first tax paid directly by the colonists, rather than merchants. Boycotts were effective in repealing this act. (p. 72)18
7579272180Declaratory ActIn 1766, Parliament declared that it had the right to tax and make laws for the colonies in all cases whatsoever. (p. 73)19
7579272181Townshend ActsIn 1767, Parliament enacted new taxes to be collected on imports of tea, glass, and paper. It also created the writs of assistance, which was a general license to search for smuggled goods anywhere. (p. 73)20
7579272182Writs of AssistanceA general license to search anywhere. (p. 73)21
7579272183Tea ActIn 1773, Parliament passed this act which taxed imported tea. The result was that British tea was even cheaper than smuggled Dutch tea. (p. 75)22
7579272184Coercive ActsIn 1774, after the Boston Tea Party, Great Britain created four Coercive Acts to punish the people of Boston and Massachusetts. (p. 75)23
7579272185Port ActOne of the Coercive Acts, which closed the port of Boston, prohibiting trade in and out of the harbor until the destroyed tea was paid for. (p. 75)24
7579272186Massachusetts Government ActOne of the Coercive Acts, which reduced the power of the Massachusetts legislature while increasing the power of the royal governor. (p. 75)25
7579272187Administration of Justice ActOne of the Coercive Acts, which allowed royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in England instead of the colonies. (p. 75)26
7579272188Quebec ActIn 1774, this act organized the Canadian lands gained from France (Quebec). It established Roman Catholicism as the official religion, set up a government without a representative assembly, and set the Quebec border further south, at the Ohio River. (p. 75)27
7579272189EnlightenmentA European movement in literature and philosophy; used human reasoning to solve problems. (p. 76)28
7579272190DeismBelieve that God established natural laws in creating the universe, but that the role of divine intervention in human affairs was minimal. (p. 77)29
7579272191RationalismTrusted human reason to solve the many problems of life and society; emphasized reason, science, and respect for humanity. (p. 77)30
7579272192John LockeEnglish philosopher who said that all people have rights, simply because they are human and that people have a right and a responsibility to revolt against any government that failed to protect their rights. (p. 77)31
7579272193Jean-Jacques RousseauFrench philosopher who had a profound influence on educated Americans in the 1760s and 1770s. (p. 77)32
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