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AP WORLD HISTORY REVIEW Flashcards

5372239262	1. The economic wealth of the Early Roman State was based on	farming	0
5372239263	2. The Roman Republic was not a true democracy; it was ruled by	A counsel of wealthy male citizens	1
5372239264	3. One key to the Romans' success in winning control of all Italy was	Granting Roman citizenship to conquered peoples	2
5372239265	4. Two protracted and bloody wars against the Carthaginians were important because	Rome won control of the western Mediterranean	3
5372239266	5. When Rome took control of a foreign land, it	Allowed considerable autonomy to cooperative local elites	4
5372239267	6. As the numbers of independent farmers declined in the later republic, Italian landowners increasingly turned to	Inexpensive slaves	5
5372239268	7. A critical factor contributing to the Senate's loss of authority was	A change in the composition of the army	6
5372239269	8. The safety and stability of the Roman Empire was called	Pax Romana	7
5372239270	9. One of the most enduring consequences of the Roman Empire has been the	Romanization of the western Mediterranean	8
5372239271	10. Before 212 CE, many people living outside Italy became Roman	After serving lengthy terms of military service	9
5372239272	11. Roman architecture departed from the Greek style because of the	Roman invention of concrete	10
5372239273	12. From the reign of Augustus, the Roman army was reorganized and redeployed to	Shift from an offensive to a defensive strategy	11
5372239274	13. In addition to agriculture a fundamental resource of China was	Human labor	12
5372239275	14. A result of the competition among states in the Warring States Period was	The creation of the first empire under the Qin state	13
5372239276	15. The Chinese family was considered to include	All generations, living and dead	14
5372239277	16. Because of the influence of Confucian ethics, Chinese values emphasized	Duty and proper conduct	15
5372239278	17. The Confucian view of proper female behavior was exemplified by the:	The three submissions	16
5372239279	18. When the Qin government abolished primogeniture, this meant that	The number of small landholders would grow	17
5372239280	19. The Qin emperor's commitment of the standardization of coinage, the law code, and writing shows	The creation of a unified Chinese civilization	18
5372239281	20. The early Han emperors reformed the Legalist system by	Incorporating Confucianism	19
5372239282	21. In order to supply administrators for the empire, the han	Allied with the gentry class of educated landowners Started an imperial university Exempted government officials from military duty Exempted government officials from some taxation All of the above	20
5372239283	22. Why is the development of the scholar gentry a significant development during the Han period?	The government was run more efficiently	21
5372239284	23. The important Han innovations include	Development of the horse collar, watermill, and crossbow	22
5372239285	24. The leading export commodity of China was	Silk	23
5372239286	25. The most important factor leading to the decline of the Han Empire was	Attacks by non-Chinese from across the frontiers	24
5372239287	26. Why is "diversity" an apt word to describe India? It has a variety of ecosystems throughout the subcontinent	It has many deities It has many languages and ethnic groups it has a history of political division and class divisions All of the above	25
5372239288	27. What does the literature of the Vedic Age reveal about the role of women?	They are depicted as strong and resourceful, reflecting a favorable position in society	26
5372239289	28. The foundation of the Hindu religion is	The Vedic religion of northern Indian Aryans	27
5372239290	29. From evidence in Gupta literature and plays, Indian women's situation since the Vedic period had	Worsened	28
5372239291	30. An extensive trade network developed on land and sea based on which Indian export products?	Cotton cloth, ivory, and metalwork	29
5372239292	1. The Silk Road was a trade route connecting	China and the Mediterranean	30
5372239293	2. The most enduring effect of the Silk Road was	Drawing together the different regions of Europe	31
5372239294	3. Nomads provided the caravans of the Silk Road with	Camels, animal handlers, and guides	32
5372239295	4. The initial key to opening the Silk Road was the	Chinese eagerness for Western horses	33
5372239296	5. One new industry that resulted directly from the Silk Road trade was	The breeding of hybrid camels	34
5372239297	6. Among the products that China exported along the Silk Road were	silk, pottery, and paper	35
5372239298	7. What military technologies did the Silk Road spread?	Chariot warfare, mounted bowmen, and the stirrup	36
5372239299	8. The mariners involved in the Indian Ocean trade were	Primarily Arabic and Persian	37
5372239300	9. The importance of the monsoon was	that it facilitated sailing across the Indian Ocean	38
5372239301	10. The main difference between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean seafaring was that	Mediterranean seamen rarely sailed far from shore	39
5372239302	11. The early inhabitants of the East African island of Madagascar came from	the islands of Southeast Asia	40
5372239303	12. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea is important because it describes	a vast interconnected trading system	41
5372239304	13. What is the difference between the Indian Ocean trade and the Mediterranean trade?	Indian Ocean trade had a greater variety of highly valued products	42
5372239305	14. Indian Ocean society could be described as bicultural because	Sailors often married women in port cities	43
5372239306	15. The best primary evidence of early Saharan history consists of	A vast number of rock paintings and engravings	44
5372239307	16. There is solid evidence that Saharan wildlife once included	cattle and horses	45
5372239308	17. The most convincing evidence indicates that camels were introduced to the Sahara from	Arabia	46
5372239309	18. In the case of the camel technology, saddles were designed for	Cargo or military efficiency	47
5372239310	19. Southern Saharan traders initially concentrated on	supplying salt to sub-Saharan peoples	48
5372239311	20. Trade across the Sahara was accelerated by	The fall of the Roman Empire	49
5372239312	21. The West African kingdom of Ghana was established because of the trade in	Gold	50
5372239313	22. By the eleventh century, the majority of the ministers to the kingdom of Ghana were	Muslims	51
5372239314	23. The African network of cultural exchange can be described as	mainly internal within sub-Saharan Africa	52
5372239315	24. A shared cultural heritage, or "great traditions is usually based on:	Common legal and belief systems a written language ethical codes of conduct intellectual traditions and developments All of the above	53
5372239316	25. The most common African form of agriculture was	Cultivation by hoe and digging stick	54
5372239317	1. The Sasanid Empire was centered in the area that is present day	Iran	55
5372239318	2. The Sasanid and Byzantine empires avoided political fragmentation such as occurred in Medieval Europe because they	integrated the frontier people as mercenaries and caravaneers	56
5372239319	3. The establishment of Zoroastrianism and Christianity as official faiths in the Byzantine and Sasanid empires sets what precedent?	The rise of Islam as the focus of an empire	57
5372239320	4. The Sasanids saw Arabs as	"monkeys on the backs of camels"	58
5372239321	5. The Arabs become familiar with the lifeways of the Sasanids and Byzantines	the Arabian caravan trade	59
5372239322	6. Mecca is an important city because it	is a caravan city and pilgrimage site of the Ka'ba	60
5372239323	7. Muslim means	one who makes submission	61
5372239324	8. Islam means	surrender to the will of God	62
5372239325	9. Muhammad's teachings seem to be in agreement with	Judaism and Christianity	63
5372239326	10. After Meccan leaders felt threatened by his popularity, Muhammad fled Mecca; his flight was known as the	Hijra	64
5372239327	11. After Muhammad's death, the Muslim community	held general elections to replace Muhammad	65
5372239328	12. The Muslims fought the Battle of the Camel in a dispute over	the legitimacy of Ali as caliph	66
5372239329	13. Muslims who believe that the first there caliphs were properly selected are called	Sunnis	67
5372239330	14. Under the leadership of the caliphs, an enormous expansion was completed, including territory in	all of the above	68
5372239331	15. One of the false assumptions about Muslim rule over foreign lands is	they forced conversion on the population	69
5372239332	16. The decline of the Umayyad dynasty was due to	growing unrest among Muslims who demanded access to political power	70
5372239333	17. Why is the Abbasid rule considered a "golden age"?	it created a multiethnic Muslim world	71
5372239334	18. The caliphs acquired a standing army of Turkish mercenaries called	mamluks	72
5372239335	19. What was the impact of Islamic rule in Spain?	All of the above	73
5372239336	20. Despite the fact that conversions to Islam were at their peak, Abbasid power declined because of	the empire's becoming too big to rule effectively	74
5372239337	21. Umayyad Spain developed a distinctive Islamic culture because of	the blending of Roman, Germanic, Jewish, Arab, and Berber traditions	75
5372239338	22. Under Islamic leadership, the Jewish people of Spain	contributed to the cultural growth of Spain as great thinkers and writers	76
5372239339	23. Among the foreign threats to the Islamic Caliphate were	Mongols and Christian Crusades	77
5372239340	24. The foundation of Islamic civilization is the shari'a or	Laws	78
5372239341	25. The great vision of the Shari'a is an umma with	common moral values, minimizing ethnic and political divisions	79
5372239342	26. Conversion to Islam was primarily a result of	gradually learning about Islam	80
5372239343	27. Sufism was significant in being	a quest for a direct union with God through rituals and training	81
5372239344	28. The results of contact between the Arabs and the Sasanid Empire can be described as	beneficial because of the merchant and caravan trade	82
5372239345	29. Religious conflicts in the Byzantine Empire resulted in treatment of Nestorian Christians as	heretics, seeking refuge under the Sasanid shah	83
5372239346	30. Manichaeism is a faith derived from Zorastrianism and is founded on the idea that there is a	cosmic struggle between good and evil	84
5372239347	31. Muhammad conceived Islam after	experiencing revelations	85
5372239348	32. Disagreements in the umma arose over	the successor to Muhammad	86
5372239349	33. The caliphs acquired a standing army of Turkish mercenaries called	Mamluks	87
5372239350	34. In 945, the Abbasid Caliphate fell under the influence of	the Buyid family of northern Iran	88
5372239351	35. The increase in non-Arabic literature in the Islamic world was a reflection of	the growing influence of Iranian culture	89
5372239352	.In general, Europe was transformed by the decline of Roman authority as follows	A legal framework disappeared There was increasing political fragmentation The population depended on local strongmen rather than on monarchs All of the above	90
5372239353	After the fall of Rome in the fifth century, the western Roman Empire	fragmented into a handful of Germanic kingdoms	91
5372239354	The decline of the Roman Empire resulted in the development of linguistic zones of	Romance, Germanic, and Slavic languages	92
5372239355	Western Europe was disrupted by invasions of	All of the above	93
5372239356	What Scandinavian raiders built kingdoms in Iceland, Greenland, and Vinland?	Vikings	94
5372239357	The primary centers for agricultural production were	owned and controlled by the church	95
5372239358	Agricultural workers who belonged to the manor and were obligated to the lord were	serfs	96
5372239359	Why is the traditional description of Europe from 300-1200 as "feudal" an oversimplification?	The relations between landowners and serfs varied from region to region	97
5372239360	The rise of the mounted warrior as the paramount force on the battlefield is associated with	technological improvements such as the stirrup	98
5372239361	By the thirteenth century, armored knighthood	was limited to those with revenue from land	99
5372239362	A feudom, or fief, was	a grant of land exchanged for military service	100
5372239363	Noblewomen could exercise influence in feudal society as	inheritors of property and marriage partners	101
5372239364	The sole institution claiming jurisdiction over a large segment of the European population was	Christian church	102
5372239365	The goal of developing a hierarchal structure in the church was	to ensure consistency in Christian belief	103
5372239366	Schisms, the foremost threat to the Christian church in the Middle Ages, were	formal divisions over differences in doctrine	104
5372239367	Which of the following issues caused schisms between 300-1200	The composition of the Holy Trinity is it proper to pray to images of God, Jesus, and Mary? Should one emphasize the human or divine characteristics of Jesus? All of the above	105
5372239368	Secular rulers such as Charlemagne upheld papal rights in return for	religious legitimation of their rule	106
5372239369	The term investiture controversy refers to the	struggle for control of ecclesiastical appointments	107
5372239370	Although much of Europe was governed by canon law, Europe was heir to what other legal traditions custom as well as Roman law?	Feudal law based on Germanic	108
5372239371	Some practices connected with monasticism were	celibacy, silence, and povertycontinual devotion to prayerliving apart from societyall of the above	109
5372239372	The most important impact of monasticism was its contribution(s) of	converting populations and preserving ancient works	110
5372239373	Nunneries provide women	a refuge if they needed protection or desired a spiritual life	111
5372239374	In what way(s) did Christian and Roman views of sexuality differ?	Unlike the Romans, Christians demanded celibate clergy and discouraged sex outside of marriage	112
5372239375	In the Byzantine Empire, caesaropapism was the	combination of the powers of king and people	113
5372239376	How did the Byzantines differ from their western counterparts?	They continued the pattern of Roman rule	114
5372239377	Between the fourth and seventh centuries, the Byzantine Empire was threatened by	Muslim invaders from the Arabian peninsula	115
5372239378	The Byzantines experienced an economic transformation similar to western Europe because of	the disappearance of the traditional urban class	116
5372239379	After the seventh century, Byzantine women	were increasingly confined to home life	117
5372239380	Technological development in the Byzantine Empire	decreased steadily over time	118
5372239381	The Byzantine Corpus Juris Civilis was important in the late eleventh century because it	became the basis for civil law in the West	119
5372239382	Among Byzantine cultural achievements are	their architectural tradition and Cyrillic writing	120
5372239383	The heir to Byzantine tradition is	Russia	121
5372239384	During the revival of western Europe, the population nearly doubled because of	technological innovations such as theplow and the horse collar	122
5372239385	Florence, Genoa, and Venice all prospered after the eleventh century because they	were independent rather than controlled by feudal lords	123
5372239386	The primary influence establishing the Crusades was the	importance of pilgrimages to western Europeans	124
5372239387	Although the Crusades are viewed as a religious campaign, they were actually motivated by	the desire for access to trade in Muslim lands	125
5372239388	The Council of Clermont in 1095 brought:	Pope Urban II's call for the First crusade	126
5372239389	The term barbarian pox was applied to an epidemic	when barbarians attacked the Chinese	127
5372239390	Which empire reunited China in the sixth century?	Sui	128
5372239391	The Tang Empire avoided overcentralization	by allowing local nobles to exercise significant power	129
5372239392	What was the political influence of Buddhism in the Tang Empire?	It prescribed a spiritual function for kings and emperors	130
5372239393	The Tang Empire is considered "cosmopolitan" because	it integrated religions, foods, sports, languages, and styles from every part of Asia	131
5372239394	Chang'an was important because	it was the hub of Tang communications	132
5372239395	The Tributary system was a practice in which	countries acknowledged the supremacy of the emperor based in China	133
5372239396	What was the importance of the Grand Canal?	It had an enormous political and economic effect on Chinese development	134
5372239397	One of the many effects in this period of the trade routes from North Africa and West Asia into East Asia was	the transmission of the plague	135
5372239398	An example of the influence of Central Asia on China is	All of the above	136
5372239399	The Tang court gave women permission to	participate in polo matches	137
5372239400	During the Tang Empire, China experienced an "import substitution" because it	began to grow cotton and sugar	138
5372239401	The Tang dominated world trade markets. They were the sole suppliers of which product?	Porcelain	139
5372239402	The most serious rivals to the Tang Empire were the	Uigurs and Tibet	140
5372239403	Who did the Tang blame most for growing instability in the Empire?	Buddhists	141
5372239404	The decline of the Tang Empire resulted from	The complex tax collection system the defeat of the Tang at the Battle of Talas River the demoralization and underfunding of the army All of the above	142
5372239405	When the Tang Empire ended in 906, it was replaced by	a set of smaller states	143
5372239406	After Tibetan government attempts to eradicate monasteries, Tibetan Buddhists responded by	assassinating the king and controlling the Tibetan royal family	144
5372239407	The Liao, Jin, and Tanggut Empires	maintained their unique cultures	145
5372239408	The Liao Empire of the Kitans	inspired the name "Cathay" constructed the foundation of the Mongol Empire made the city now known as Beijing its capital all of the above	146
5372239409	The Song technological explosion was partly driven by what factors?	Expanding economy and military pressure from the Liao and Jin Empires	147
5372239410	Which are all important technological innovations of the Song Empire?	Stern-mounted rudder, high quality steel, and gunpowder	148
5372239411	By instituting civil service examinations for entrance into the government bureaucracy, the Song	recruited the most talented men for government service	149
5372239412	The development of movable type and the availability of printed material had what impact on China?	the dissemination of information aided development of new agricultural lands	150
5372239413	During the Song period, women experienced subordination and social restriction epitomized by	footbinding	151
5372239414	Confucianism and Buddhism were transmitted to Japan by way of	Korea	152
5372239415	On the basis of present evidence, most scholars believe that the first unification of central Japan occurred when	Korean warriors united the small countries of Japan under a central government	153
5372239416	In what way(s) did Japan implement Chinese customs?	Japan implemented Confucian style central government	154
5372239417	Japanese emperors	seldom wielded any real political power	155
5372239418	The rise of a warrior elite in late Heian Japan led directly to	the rise of the Kamakura Shogunate	156
5372239419	The great gift of Champa to Song China was	quick-ripening rice	157
5372239420	It appears that women enjoyed greater status in Korea and Vietnam, for example	Trung sisters of Vietnam led local farmers in resistance against invaders	158
5372239421	Murasaki Shikibu is the author of the famous Japanese novel	The Tale of Genji	159
5372239422	Cultural differences among American peoples are	due to religious differences	160
5372239423	Classic period civilizations in Mesoamerica were built on the political foundation of?	Olmec	161
5372239424	Mesoamerican classic-period political and cultural innovations were based on	the ability of elites to control laborers and soldiers	162
5372239425	The largest city in the Americas in 450-600 was	Teotihuacan	163
5372239426	Quetzalcoatl was	the feathered serpent god	164
5372239427	Chinampas were floating gardens	that supplied flowers for the botanical gardens	165
5372239428	The housing of common people in cities can be described as	apartment-like stone buildings	166
5372239429	Teotihuacan was a commercial and religious center that	provided a basis for elite wealth and statusattracted pilgrimsprovided approval for elite statusAll of the above	167
5372239430	Teotihuacan was ruled by	an alliance of elite families	168
5372239431	The Maya were organized in	rival kingdoms or city-states	169
5372239432	Maya monumental architecture took advantage of	wheel barrowsmetal toolspulleysnone of the above	170
5372239433	In the classic era, Maya military forces primarily fought to secure	captives	171
5372239434	How did the Maya meet the challenges of the environment?	they drained swamps and built elevated fields	172
5372239435	What was the role of Maya women?	they played important political and religious roles in public ceremonies	173
5372239436	Maya contributions include	calendar	174
5372239437	Maya contributions to mathematics include	the zero and place value	175
5372239438	The accomplishments of the Toltecs were primarily	political and military	176
5372239439	The Toltecs' capital city was	TulaAztec society can be described as:clan based	177
5372239440	The Aztecs met the challenges of feeding a growing population by	building a land reclamation project featuring a dike and chinampas	178
5372239441	Aztec gods	were male and female	179
5372239442	One of the Aztec gods was the cult of the hummingbird, called	Huitzilopochtli	180
5372239443	The twin temples of Tenochtitlan symbolize the two bases of Aztec economy	war and agriculture	181
5372239444	As sacrificial victims, the Aztecs preferred	war captives	182
5372239445	The Anasazi emerged in what region?	Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah	183
5372239446	The Anasazi economy was based on	maize, beans, and squash	184
5372239447	The large mounds of the Ohio Valley served as	elite burial sites	185
5372239448	How did Andean people overcome their environmental challenges?	the effective organization of human labor	186
5372239449	Ayllu means	clan group	187
5372239450	What is the mit'a?	rotational labor organization	188
5372239451	Moche art reveals that Moche society was	theocratic	189
5372239452	Moche artisans produced high-quality	jewelry Ceramics Textiles all of the above	190
5372239453	Inca prosperity and military strength depended on	herds of llamas and alpacas	191
5372239454	How did the inca ensure the loyalty of defeated regions?	The heirs of vanquished rulers must live in the royal court	192
5372239455	Cuzco was not as large as Tenochtitlan but	it was laid out in the shape of a puma	193
5372239456	One of the inca accomplishments was the construction of	a vast network of roads	194
5372239457	Who or what were the acclas?	virgins chosen to serve the cult of the sun	195

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AP World History Map Quiz Flashcards

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4254787905	Mecca	What is "A" referring to?	0
4254787906	Jerusalem	What is "B" referring to?	1
4254787907	Constantinople	What is "C" referring to?	2
4254787908	Anatolia	What is "F" referring to?	3
4254787909	Swahili Coast	What is "E" referring to?	4
4254787910	Timbuktu	What is "D" referring to?	5
4254787911	Sub-Saharan Africa	What is "S" referring to?	6
4254787912	Hindu Kush	What are the green marks referring to?	7
4254787913	Gobi Desert	What is "I" referring to?	8
4254787914	Korean Peninsula	What is "H" referring to?	9
4254787915	Central Asia	What is "J" referring to?	10
4254787916	Middle East	What is "T" referring to?	11
4254787917	South Asia	What is "M" referring to?	12
4254787918	East Africa	What is "N" referring to?	13
4254787919	East Asia	What is "K" referring to?	14
4254787920	Southeast Asia	What is "L" referring to?	15
4254787921	West Africa	What is "P" referring to?	16
4254787922	Central Africa	What is "O" referring to?	17
4254787923	Latin America	What is "Q" referring to?	18
4254787924	Caribbean	What is "R" referring to?	19

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Ap world history terms Flashcards

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6758183426	Theocracy	A government ruled by God or by church leaders	0
6758188704	Polis	A Greek city state	1
6758194509	Moonsoon	A seasonal wind	2
6758197837	Dynasty	A series of rulers from the same family	3
6758204958	Foraging	A term for hunting and gathering	4
6758209549	Brahmin	A members of the social class of priests in Aryan society	5
6758237151	Artisan	A craftsman	6
6769852927	Hiroglyphics	A system of picture writing used in Egypt	7
6769876814	Convenate	Agreement; in the Judeo-Christian heritage, an agreement between God and humankind	8
6779427078	Mesopotamia	A region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that developed the first urban societies. In the Bronze Age this area included Sumer and the Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires, In the Iron Age, it was ruled by the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian	9
6779429683	pictograms	A pictorial symbol or sign representing an object or concept. Used by many non-alphabetic written scripts.	10
6779433562	Xia	A legendary Chinese dynasty that was not believed to exist until relatively recently. Walled towns ruled by area-specific kings assembled armies, built cities, and worked bronze. Created pictograms which would evolve in to the first Chinese script.	11
6779434963	Shang	An early Chinese dynasty. Not a unified Chinese state. Instead rulers and their relatives gave orders through a network of cities. Earliest evidence of Chinese writing comes from this perio	12
6779436907	Yellow River	Also known as the Huang-He. The second longest river in China	13
6779441095	Oracle Bones	The earliest Chinese writing is found on these from ritual activity of the Shang period.	14
6779443268	Great Zimbabwe	A stone-walled enclosure found in Southeast Africa. Have been associated with trade, farming, and mining.	15
6779445930	Code of Hammurabi	A collection of 282 laws. One of the first (but not THE first) examples of written law in the ancient world.	16
6779447578	Hittites	An ancient Anatolian group whose empire at largest extent consisted of most of the Middle East. Some of the first two-wheeled chariots and iron.	17
6779451044	Zoroastrianism	One of the first monotheistic religions, particularly one with a wide following. It was central to the political and religious culture of ancient Persia.	18
6779452451	Zoroaster	The founder of Persia's classical pre-Islamic religion, Zoroastrianism.	19
6779457920	Hellenistic	Of or influenced by the Greek Empire. A type of culture typically referred to after the conquests of Alexander the Great.	20
6779461289	Trireme	Greek ships built specifically	21
6779463354	Acropolis	Greek for "high city". The chief temples of the city were located here.	22
6779466125	Plato	Socrates' most well known pupil. Founded an academy in Athens.	23
6779468148	Pax Romana	The "Roman Peace", that is, the state of comparative concord prevailing within the boundaries of the Roman Empire from the reign of Augustus (27 B.C.E.-14 C.E.) to that of Marcus Aurelius (161-180 C.E.)	24
6779476895	Republic	A state that is not ruled by a hereditary leader (a monarchy) but by a person or persons appointed under a constitution and in some way claims to be "of the people."	25
6779481847	Century	The smallest unit of the Roman army, each composed of some 100 foot soldiers and commanded by a centurion. A legion was made up of 60 of these. They also formed political divisions of Roman citizens.	26
6779484015	Patricians	The land-owning noblemen in Ancient Rome	27
6779486708	Patricians	All non-land-owning, free men in Ancient Rome	28
6779490099	Twelve Tables	Completed in 449 BCE, these civil laws developed by the Roman Republic following demands by plebeians.	29
6779491912	Julius Caesar	assimilation is wen u GI to the moon	30
6779496233	Huns	large nomadic group from northern Asia who invaded territories extending from China to Eastern Europe. They virtually lived on their horses, herding cattle, sheep, and horses as well as hunting.	31
6779502164	Aryans	immigrants who arrived at the Ganges river valley by the year 1000 BC	32
6779504251	Vedas	compilations of hymns, religious reflections, and Aryan conquests	33
6779506032	Mahabharata	the longest single poem in the world, about a war fought between two branches of the same family. One of India's greatest epics written between 1000 and 700 BC	34
6779508020	the longest	the longest single poem in the world, about a war fought between two branches of the same family. One of India's greatest epics written between 1000 and 700 BC	35
6779513424	Dharma	the fulfillment of one's social and religious duties in Hinduism	36
6779516152	Arthashastra	The famous ancient Indian book on statecraft, economic policy, and military strategy. Written by Kautilya.	37
6779518262	Rigveda	One of the worlds oldest religious texts. It is a book composed by Vedic Brahman priests that contains hymns and Sanskrit poetry.	38
6779520840	Caste system	India's traditional social hierarchy	39
6779522372	Samsara	the cycle of life and rebirth in Hinduism	40
6779524901	Tea	Within several Indian religious this is the peace of mind that comes from ending the cycle of rebirth. For some it is from overcoming suffering while for others it comes from joining with Brahman.	41
6779525635	Tein	Within several Indian religious this is the peace of mind that comes from ending the cycle of rebirth. For some it is from overcoming suffering while for others it comes from joining with Brahman.	42
6779526101	Piccolo	Musical instrumental	43
6779528429	Lomi	Weapon used in battle	44
6779530325	Kuni	Throwing knife	45
6779574852	Minoans	One of the early proto-Greek peoples from 2600 BCE to 1500 BCE. Inhabitants of the island of Crete. Their site of Knossos is pictured above.	46
6779576973	Goths	An array of Germanic peoples, pushed further westward by nomads from central Asia. They in turn migrated west into Rome, upsetting the rough balance of power that existed between Rome and these people.	47
6779578853	Vedas	Musical lyrics	48
6779581751	Mahabharata	the longest single poem in the world, about a war fought between two branches of the same family. One of India's greatest epics written between 1000 and 700 BC	49
6779585553	Janapadas	Political units in India in the years 700-600 BC. They are the major realms or kingdoms of Vedic (Iron Age) India. They are the earliest kingdoms set up by the Indo-Aryans migrants to India.	50
6779587362	Four Noble Truths	1. Suffering is always present in life 2. Desire is the cause of suffering 3. Freedom from suffering can be achieved in nirvana 4. The Eightfold Path leads to nirvana	51
6779590386	Mahayana	The name of the more mystical and larger of the two main Buddhist sects. This one originated in India in the 400s CE and gradually found its way north to the Silk road and into Central and East Asia.	52
6779592523	Silk Road	Trade route	53
6779595325	Empress Wu	the only woman to rule China in her own name, expanded the empire and supported Buddhism during the Tang Dynasty.	54
6779598380	mantra	The repetition of mystic incantations in Hinduism and Buddhism.	55
6779601830	Olmec	Mesoamerican civilization in lower Mexico around 1500 BCE to about 400 BCE focused. Most remembered for their large stone heads.	56
6779603750	Maya	Never an empire but an extensive and culturally advanced Mesoamerican society with many cities in the Yucatan.	57
6779606501	Nazca	South American civilization famous for its massive aerial-viewable formations	58
6779608260	Neo-Assyrian	The agressive Mesopotamian empire created after an Assyrian resurgence, which initiated a series of conquests until a combined attack by Medes and Babylon defeated them resulting in the Persian Empire.	59
6779610287	Mycenae	Sea-faring Greek kingdom. A major center of Greek Civilization in the 1000s BCE, centuries before Greek's "Golden Age" of Athenian influence. It's center was located about 90 km southwest of Athens.	60
6779612091	Persian Empire	Mesopotamian empire that conquered the existing Median, Lydian, and Babylonian empires, as well as Egypt and many others. Also known as the Achaemenid Empire.	61
6779615060	Solon	Early Greek leader who brought democratic reforms such as his formation of the Council of Four Hundred	62
6779616849	Pericles	Ruler of Athens who zealously sought to spread Athenian democracy through imperial force	63
6779619335	Peloponnesian War	Conflict between Athens and Sparta	64
6779621397	Macedonia	Area between the Greek and Slavic regions; conquered Greece and Mesopotamia under the leadership of Philip II and Alexander the Great	65
6779625064	Philip II	Macedonian king who sought to unite Greece under his banner until his death or murder. He was succeeded by his son Alexander.	66
6779626237	Ptolemy	His ideas on science influenced Muslim and European scholars from Roman times until the Scientific Revolution. He was a Greco-Roman writer famous as a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet. He lived in the city of Alexandria in the Roman province of Egypt, wrote in Greek, and held Roman citizenship.	67
6779628774	Qin	1st unified imperial Chinese dynasty	68
6779631658	Shinto	Way of the Kami"; Japanese worship of nature spirits	69
6779635738	Rama	Incarnation of Hindu god Vishnu made famous in the Ramayana	70
6779637273	Buddha	Means "Enlightened One." He is said to have renounced his worldly possessions and taught of a way to overcome suffering.	71
6779639242	Aristopel	The man who was instrumental in its spreading Christianity beyond its early Jewish roots, particularly to the Greeks.	72
6779642281	Epic of Gilgamesh	Epic peom	73
6779653828	Hegemony	leadership or predominant influence exercised by one nation over others, as in a confederation.	74
6779658118	Hoplite	A citizen-soldier of the Ancient Greek City-states. They were primarily armed as spear-men.	75
6779660740	Iconoclasm	Opposing or even destroying images, especially those set up for religious veneration in the belief that such images represent idol worship.	76
6779662147	Diaspora	any group migration or flight from a country or region; dispersion. Particularly used in relation to Jews scattered by Romans in 70 CE or to Africans spread to new places during the Atlantic Slave Trade.	77
6779665959	Realpolitik	Political realism or practical politics, especially policy based on power rather than on ideals.	78
6779668042	Satrapy	A province and/or the title of a client kings of the Persian Empire. Based on the system where conquered territory would maintain much of their identity and sovereignty within the Persian Empire.	79
6779673585	acllas	Women selected by Inca authorities to serve in religious centers as weavers and ritual participants.	80
6779676619	absolution	The theory popular in France and other early modern European monarchies that royal power should be free of constitutional checks.	81
6779679939	Aden	Port city in the modern south Arabian country of Yemen. It has been a major trading center in the Indian Ocean since ancient times.	82
6779684746	Agricultural Revolution	The change from food gathering to food production that occurred between ca. 8000 and 2000 B.C.E. Also known as the Neolithic Revolution.	83
6779687869	Akbar	Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus.	84
6779690927	Arawak	Amerindian peoples who inhabited the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean at the time of Columbus.	85
6779694818	Atahualpa	Last ruling Inca emperor of Peru. He was executed by the Spanish.	86
6779698614	Atlantic System	The network of trading links after 1500 that moved goods, wealth, people, and cultures around the Atlantic Ocean basin.	87
6779701800	ayllu	Andean lineage group or kin-based community.	88
6779704394	Bantu	Collective name of a large group of sub-Saharan African languages and of the peoples speaking these languages.	89
6779706442	Batavi	Fort established ca.1619 as headquarters of Dutch East India Company operations in Indonesia; today the city of Jakarta	90
6779708992	Beijing	China's northern capital, first used as an imperial capital in 906 and now the capital of the People's Republic of China.	91
6779710974	Benjamin Franklin	American intellectual, inventor, and politician He helped to negotiate French support for the American Revolution.	92
6779715043	deforestation	The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.	93
6779721831	Delhi Sulatanate	Centralized Indian empire of varying extent, created by Muslim invaders.	94
6779731071	dhow	Ship of small to moderate size used in the western Indian Ocean, traditionally with a triangular sail and a sewn timber hull.	95
6779734166	Dirty War	War waged by the Argentine military (1976-1982) against leftist groups. Characterized by the use of illegal imprisonment, torture, and executions by the military.	96
6779737574	driver	A privileged male slave whose job was to ensure that a slave gang did its work on a plantation.	97
6779743700	Dutch West India Company	Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchants' trade in the Americas and Africa.	98
6779749087	electricity	A form of energy used in telegraphy from the 1840s on and for lighting, industrial motors, and railroads beginning in the 1880s.	99

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5642489947	Colombian Exchange	Widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations, technology, disease, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries	0
5642489948	Lepanto	Naval battle between the Spanish and the Ottoman empire, which the Spanish won ending the Muslims hope of rivaling European navies (1571).	1
5642489949	Macao	Chinese trading port over which the Portuguese gained control.	2
5642489950	Core Nations	Nations, usually European, that enjoyed profit from world economy and controlled international banking and commercial services such as shipping--exported manufactured good for raw materials.	3
5642489951	Mercantilism	Economic theory that stressed governments' promotion of limitation of imports from other nations and internal economies in order to improve tax revenues. Popular during the 17th and 18th centuries in Europe.	4
5642489952	mestizos	People of mixed European and Indian ancestry in Mesoamerica and South America; particularly evident in areas colonized by Spain.	5
5642489953	Colonial Dependencies	Areas in new parts of the world claimed by European core nation.	6
5642489954	Vasco de Balboa	Spanish conquistador and explorer, who was head of the first stable settlement on the South American continent (1511) and who was the first European to sight the eastern shore of the Pacific Ocean (151),	7
5642489955	Francisco Pizzaro	Spanish explorer led conquest of Inca Empire of Peru beginning in 1535.	8
5642489956	God, Gold, Glory	Motivation for many explorers and conquistadores	9
5642489957	New France	French colonies in North America that extended from the St. Lawrence River along the Great Lakes and down through the Mississippi River valley.	10
5642489958	Seven Years' War	Fought both in continental Europe and also in overseas colonies between 1756 and 1763, which resulted in Prussian seizures of land from Austria, and English seizures of colonies in India and North America.	11
5642489959	Treaty of Paris	Arranged in 1763 to end the Seven Years' War. England was granted New France in exchange the French regained sugar Islands in the Caribbean.	12
5642489960	Cape Colony	Established by the Dutch at Cape of Good Hope in 1652 to provide a coastal station for Dutch ships traveling to and from Asia; settlers expanded and fought with Bantu and other Africans.	13
5642489961	Boers	Dutch and other European settlers in Cape Colony before 19th-century British occupation; later called Afrikaners.	14
5642489962	Calcutta	British East India Company headquarters in Bengal; captured in 1756 by Indians; later became administrative center for populous Bengal.	15

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4857636976	Confucius (2)	Founder of Confucianism. Chinese philosopher and teacher; his beliefs, known as Confucianism greatly influenced Chinese life.	0
4857636977	Shi Huangdi (2)	Founder of the short-lived Qin dynasty and creator of the Chinese Empire (r. 221-210 BCE) He is remembered for his ruthless conquests of rival states and standardization (163), unified China, ruled Qin dynasty, built many roads, started Great Wall of China, divided kingdoms into districts, the first emperor of China.	1
4857638145	Wu Ti (2)	(140-87 BCE), most famous Han ruler; promoted peace; supported Confucianism.	2
4857638146	Ban Zhou (2)	Chinese woman that wrote "lessons for women" in the first century. It illuminates the unresolved tensions in Han society's attitude towards women. She also pleas for education of girls and for men to not beat their wives.	3
4857642674	Chandragupta Maurya (3)	He founded India's first empire (Mauryan). He was an Indian prince who conquered a large area in the Ganges River valley soon after Alexander invaded western Indian.	4
4857645126	Ashoka (3)	Third ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India (r. 270-232 BCE) He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing.	5
4857646636	Buddha (3)	Creator of Buddhism. Born around 600 BCE.	6
4857649896	Philip II of Macedonia (4)	Ruled Macedonia from 359 to 336 BC; founder of centralization kingdom. Later conquered the rest of the rest of Greece, which was subjected to Macedonia authority. Father of Alexander the Great.	7
4857651603	Alexander the Great (4)	Led the invasion on Persia in 334 BCE, using less but better trained warriors that ended the Achaemenid Empire in 331 BCE. He burned Persepolis.	8
4857651604	Pericles (4)	Athenian political leader during 5th century BC. Guided development of Athenian Empire. Died during the early stages of Peloponnesian War.	9
4857654378	Augustus Caesar (4)	The first emperor of Rome whose leadership brought about a long period of Pax Romana (Roman Peace)	10
4857654379	Constantine (4)	Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337)	11
4857657978	Mesopotamia (1)	North Balkan Peninsula Kingdom to the north of Greece. Invasions led by Alexander the Great.	12
4857659465	Tigris and Euphrates (1)	Tigris- Mesopotamian river above Euphrates. Euphrates- Mesopotamian river below Tigris.	13
4857661054	Egypt (1)	Split in to two regions, Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt - Upper Egypt: Southern half of Egypt, connects Egypt to Nubia. - Lower Egypt: Northern half of Egypt, connects Egypt to the Mediterranean Sea and Sinni Peninsula. Nile river flows north toward the Mediterranean Sea.	14
4857669080	Indus River Valley [Harappa, Mohenjo Daro] (1)	Northern Indian river that enabled agricultural societies to arise. Harappans- Earliest urban society in the Indus River Valley -centered around Harappan & Mohenjo Daro.	15
4857672238	Huang He River Valley (1)	Also known as the Yellow River Valley. Located in N. China.	16
4857672239	Athens (4)	Powerful city in Ancient Greece that was a leader in arts, sciences, philosophy, democracy, and architect.	17
4857674019	Sparta (4)	Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts.	18
4857677127	Constantinople (5)	Capital of the Byzantine Empire. Constructed on the site of Byzantium, an old Greek city on the Bosporus.	19
4857679904	hunting and gathering (1)	The killing of wild animals animals and fish as well as the gathering of fruits, roots, nuts, and other plants for sustenance.	20
4857679905	agriculture (1)	The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.	21
4857681702	civilization (1)	Any group of people sharing a set of cultural traits.	22
4857684318	Hammurabi's Code (1)	Extensive law code est. by Babylonian King Hammurabi.	23
4857687743	ziggurats (1)	A massive pyramidal stepped tower made of mudbricks, its is associated with religious complexes in ancient Mesopotamia cities, but its function is unknown.	24
4857690502	bureaucracy (2/3)	A system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials (not elected)	25
4857691954	mandate of heaven (2)	Chinese belief: heavenly powers' approval chooses emperor.	26
4857694678	dynastic cycle (2)	The historical pattern of the rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties.	27
4857694679	Confucianism (2)	Chinese ethical and philosophical teachings of Confucius which emphasized education, family, peace, and justice.	28
4857697650	Confucian relationships (2)	Five Relationships - Ruler :: Subject - Parent :: Child - Elderly :: Youth - Husband :: Wife - Friend :: Friend	29
4857701594	Legalism (2)	Chinese philosophy developed by Hanfeizi; taught that humans are naturally evil and therefore need to be ruled by harsh laws.	30
4857703765	Daoism/Taoism (2)	Chinese religion from 500s BCE that emphasized following the mystical and indescribable "way." It celebrated the chaos and contradictions of reality as well as the harmony of nature. The Yin and Yang symbolizes many aspects of this religion.	31
4857707993	feudalism (2)	Basic concept refers to the political and social order of medieval Europe. Based on a hierarchy of lords and vassals who controlled political and military affairs.	32
4857709476	Buddhism (3)	A world religion or philosophy based on the teaching of the Buddha and holding that a state of enlightenment can be attained by suppressing worldly desire.	33
4857711322	Hinduism (3)	A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms.	34
4857712836	caste system (3)	Rigid system of social classification introduced by the Aryans. Plays a very big part in the religion of Hinduism and in India.	35
4857718050	Pax Romana (4)	The roman golden age. Caused by Augustus Caesar and lasted 2 and 1/2 centuries.	36
4857727509	Roman architecture (4)	Some of the most important characteristics of Roman architecture include arches, columns and the use of marble and limestone. Roman architects were heavily influenced by early Greek architects, particularly in their use of Doric, Corinthian and Ionic columns.	37
4857729607	Hellenistic (4)	Period when the Greek language and Greek ideas spread to the non-Greek peoples of southwest Asia.	38
4857731230	barbarians (4)	a member of a community or tribe not belonging to one of the great civilizations (Greek, Roman, Christian).	39
4857739282	democracy (4)	System of government in which all "citizens" (however defined) have equal political and legal rights, privileges, and protections as in the Greek city-state of Athens in the fifth and fourth centuries BCE.	40
4857741203	oligarchy (4)	A government ruled by a few powerful people.	41
4857741212	Roman Senate (4)	A council whose members were the heads of wealthy, landowning families. Originally an advisory body to the early kings, in the era of the Roman Republic the Senate effectively governed the Roman state and the growing empire.	42
4857743886	Christianity (5)	Religion emerging from Middle East in the first century CE holding Jesus to be the son of God who sacrificed himself on behalf on mankind.	43
4857745680	animism (1/5)	A type of religious belief that focuses on on the roles of the various gods and spirits in the natural world and in the human events. Animist religions are polytheistic and have been practiced in almost every part of the world.	44
4857747531	Indian Ocean Trade (5)	Connected Southeast Asia and China to Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia.	45
4857748692	Silk Road Trade (5)	Trade routes stretching from China to the Mediterranean, which allowed for the exchange of goods and ideas from China to the Roman Empire.	46
4857750895	Trans-Saharan Trade (5)	Caravan routes across the Sahara connected trading centers in West Africa, North Africa, and East Africa.	47
4857759098	Paleolithic Age (1)	"Old Stone Age" long period of human development before agriculture.	48
4857760375	Neolithic Age (1)	"New Stone Age" discovery and cultivation of agriculture.	49
4857762926	Neolithic Revolution (1)	Early stages of agriculture society.	50
4857764582	Peloponnesian War (4)	A war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by the league centered on Sparta.	51
4857769065	Punic Wars (4)	One of the three wars between Carthage and Rome that resulted in the destruction of Carthage and its annexation by Rome.	52
4857770207	Persian War (4)	Conflicts between the Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, ranging from the Ionian Revolts (499-494 BCE) through Darius's punitive expedition that failed at Marathon. Chronicled by Herodotus. (131)	53
4857773121	Split/Collapse of Roman Empire (5)	Split when Roman ruler Constantine created a second capital in modern day Turkey. Capital originally called Byzantium, later changed to Constantinople, now is modern day Istanbul. Unsure of how to split, first into 3 regions and then into 4, and finally 2.	54
4857776183	Nomads (1/2/3/4)	People who wander from place to place.	55
4857776184	Sumerians (1)	The people who dominated southern Mesopotamia through the end of the third millennium BCE, they were responsible for the creation of many fundamental elements of Mesopotamia culture-such as irrigation technology, cuneiform, and religious conceptions-taken over by their Semitic successors.	56
4857918091	Babylonians (1)	Native group of people to Mesopotamia.	57
4857918092	Jews (1)	Hebrew descendants who inhabited Judah.	58
4857920861	Shang China (1)	(1766 BCE- 1027 BCE) First organised river society, introduced writing on oracles bones, local trade, ancestor worship, bronze age. Located on the Huang He River.	59
4857925272	Zhou China (2)	(1122 BCE- 256 BCE) Overthrew Shang and established the 2nd Chinese dynasty. Created the "mandate of heaven" to justify their rule.	60
4857927944	Qin China (2)	(221 BCE- 206 BCE) The dynasty that replaced the Zhou dynasty and employed Legalism ideas in order to control warring states and unify the country.	61
4857929839	Han China (2)	(202 BC-220 AD) dynasty started by Lui Bang; a great and long-lasting rule, it discarded the harsh policies of the Qin dynasty and adopted Confucian principles; Han rulers chose officials who passed the civil exams rather than birth; it was a time of prosperity.	62
4857931673	Mauryan India (3)	(322-185 BCE) The first state to unify most of the Indian subcontinent. Founded by Chandragupta Muarya in 322 and survived until BCE. From its capital at Pataliputra in the Ganges Valley it grew wealthy and taxes.	63
4857947398	Gupta India (3)	Powerful Indian state based, like its Mauryan predecessor, in the Ganges Valley. It controlled most of the Indian subcontinent through a combination of military force and its prestige as a center of sophisticated culture. Golden Age.	64
4857950384	Persian Empire (4)	A vast empire of southwest Asia founded by Cyrus II after 546 BC and brought to the height of its power and glory by Darius I and his son Xerxes.	65
4857955514	Roman Republic/Roman Empire (4)	Roman Republic- The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate. Roman Empire- The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate.	66
4857955515	Maya (5)	People who established a series of independent states and city-states in Mesoamerica.	67
4857957215	Huns (5)	Nomadic invaders from central India; disrupted Gupta administration (overthrew Gupta)	68
4857968945	How do the three classical empires integrate various peoples into their empires?	China- Empire wide language, Mandarin. India- Used Hinduism and the caste system to expand. Roman Empire- allowed to express any religion and culture as long as they pay taxes and follow the roles.	69
4857971940	How do the three classical empires administrate their empires?	China- Zhou, used feudalism (didn't work) Qin, used Legalism and Centralization. (meh) Han, used Centralization and didn't not use Legalism. India- Decentralization, regions too diverse to use centralism. Roman Empire- Centralism.	70
4857974630	What causes the three classical empires to collapse?	China- Collapsed due to the invading Huns, heavy taxes, poor harvest, and weak leaders. India- Collapsed due to White Huns and decentralization. Roman Empire- Golden Age ends. Empire Splits into West and East. West collapses first.	71
4857976985	6000 BCE	Beginnings of agriculture.	72
4857979273	3000 BCE	Beginnings of early River Valley civilizations.	73
4857984145	6th c. BCE	Creation of Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism/Taoism	74
4858003799	5th c. BCE	Greek Golden Age	75
4858006801	323 BCE	Death of Alexander the Great	76
4858008325	32 CE	Death of Jesus Christ/beginning of Christianity	77
4858014911	220 CE	End of Han Dynasty	78
4858018778	476 CE	Fall of Western Roman Empire	79

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