Flashcards
Flashcards
Flashcards
ap world history chapter 36 Flashcards
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| 6610722265 | indian national congress | the most influential organization that was dedicated to indian struggle against colonial british rule, had support from many hindus and muslims, the first tried to cooperate with the british about brining self rule to india, but that changed after the great war, influenced by woodrow wilson's 14 points about self-determination, eventually led by gandhi who had the group launch the cooperation movement and the civil disobedience movement | 0 | |
| 6610731180 | government of india act | the british political compromise to indian self-rule, it gave india the institutions of a self governing state, it allowed for autonomous legislative bodies, a national legislature, and an executive arm under the control of the british, went into effect in 1937 | 1 | |
| 6610738026 | may fourth movement | a movement that was created as a reaction to japan being encouraged to interfere more in china, the movement was driven by students and intellectuals in urban areas and eventually all social classes were protesting against foreign interference | 2 | |
| 6610744665 | chinese communist party | organized in shanghai in 1921, the political party was modeled after the soviet union and marxism and lenin, mao zedong was an early member, members of this party believed in divorce, choice of spouse, and campaigned against footbinding | 3 | |
| 6610900784 | three principles of the people | sun yatsen's basic ideology which called for elimination of special privileges for foreign, national reunification, economic development, and a democratic republican government with universal suffrage, in order to achieve these goals he was determined to bring the entire country under the control of the nationalists people's party | 4 | |
| 6610914840 | guomindang | sun yatsen's nationalist people's party, held the same goals outlined in his three principles of the people, attracted members of the CCP, was aided by the soviet union who helped organize it into an effective political organization | 5 | |
| 6610919399 | maoism | a chinese form of marxism/leninism created by mao zedong, it was an ideology grounded in the conviction that peasants rather than urban proletariats were the foundation for a successful revolution, mao believed that village power was critical in a country where most people were peasants | 6 | |
| 6610929796 | mukden incidnet | september 18th, 1931, japanese soldiers had used explosives to blow up a small section of the japanese made south manchuria railway, the troops accused the chinese of attacking their railroad, this event became the pretext for war between japanese and chinese men | 7 | |
| 6610941320 | congo-ocean railway | a railroad in the congo that was taken over by the french during construction, the french used forced labor which was as close to slavery as one could get without actually being slavery, governments exploited their labor on this specific railway which used 10,000 workers a year and by the time it was done 15-20,000 african laborers had died from starvation, disease, and maltreatment | 8 | |
| 6610958050 | popular american revolutionary alliance (APRA) | a political party in peru that was critical for the peruvian ruling system, followers advocated for indigenous rights, anti-imperialism, and much more, their radical ideas stemmed from victor raul haya de la torre who was a student protestor | 9 | |
| 6610975058 | dollar diplomacy | a form of international relations created by us president william howard taft who argued that the US should substitute "dollars for bullets" in its foreign policy, he wanted peaceful commerce and for the US to avoid military intervention, it received its name from critics | 10 | |
| 6610985881 | "good neighbor policy" | a new approach to US foreign politics with latin america, and was most closely associated with FDR's administration, it was a plant to extract US military forces and rely more on dollar diplomacy after the US marines trained local policy forces | 11 | |
| 6610992178 | mohandus k gandhi | one of the most remarkable and charismatic leaders of the 20th century, educated in london and gained experience in south africa, he became active in indian politics in 1915 and became leader of the Indian national congress and helped lead the country to self rule with peaceful protest and civil disobedience | 12 | |
| 6610993429 | muhammad ali jinnah | a lawyer who headed the muslim league in india during the time of indian independence and gandhi, he believed that unified india was a threat to muslim faith and he proposed the creation of a separate muslim state called pakistan | 13 | |
| 6610993430 | puyi | the xuantong emperor who was still a young child who was forced to advocate during a revolution in 1911 which brought the end of the qing dynasty | 14 | |
| 6610994498 | dr sun yat-sen | a leading opponent of the old regime who proclaimed a chinese republic in 1912 and was briefly president, he was a strong nationalist and wanted democracy brought to china, he was the author of the three principles of the people and the creator of the chinese nationalist people's party | 15 | |
| 6610994499 | mao zedong | a former teacher and librarian who thought that marxist-inspired social revolution would solve all of china's problems, he was an early member of the chinese communist party, he was very politically radical, and he believed in women's equality, divorce, opposed to arranged marriages, and campaigned against foot binding | 16 | |
| 6610995332 | chiang kai-shek | a young chinese general who had been trained in japan and the soviet union, he was the second leader of the guomindang (nationalist party), he did not want a social revolution that involved the masses of china, he launched a political and military offensive to bring all of china under his rule, he then brutally turned against his communist allies, set up a central gov in nanjing, occupied beijing, and declared his government the official government of china (the communists retreated to a remote area of se china where they tried to reorganize their forces) | 17 | |
| 6610996518 | jomo kenyatta | a man who was part of africa's new elite social class, he was highly educated and well employed and had studied abroad in western europe, after he returned home from europe he helped to lead Kenya to independence from the british, | 18 | |
| 6610997244 | marcus garvey | the jamaican nationalist leader, he preached black pride and called on blacks not living in africa to go "back to africa" | 19 | |
| 6610997245 | fidel castro | cuban military leader who overthrew the government that was in good standing and relations with the united states, he became a communist dictator and allied his government with the soviet union | 20 | |
| 6610997854 | diego rivera | a famous mexican muralist who blended his artistic and political visions in large murals that he wanted to be viewed by the masses, he believed that art should be viewed by the working people, | 21 | |
| 6610997855 | william taft | a US president whose policies were filled with neocolonialism, he argued that the US should substitute "dollars for bullets" in its foreign policy, he wanted business to develop foreign markets through peaceful commerce, | 22 | |
| 6610998958 | carmen miranda | dancing banana lady, brazilian actress who gained fame in the united states, she usually appeared as an exotic latin american woman dressed in sexy colorful costumes that featured a headdress which fruits grown in latin america, she became a source of brazilian pride, she was also used as a successful marketing device especially for the United Fruit Company who created a banana version of her called "chiquita banana" | 23 |
AP World History Terms: Unit 3 (Strayer) Flashcards
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| 5591496375 | Silk Roads | Eurasian trading network that connected Rome, China, and India. Transported mostly luxury goods. Transport was done in "chunks" (no one traversed the entire route). Spread ideas (especially Buddhism) and disease (the plague). Transport on this route declined substantially because of the spread of disease. | 0 | |
| 5591496376 | Black Death | Another name for the plague. Decimated much of Eurasia and North Africa, spreading from east to west, in the fourteenth century. Spread by fleas on rats. Killed from 1/3 to 2/3 of people in Europe, helped to topple Yuan dynasty in China. | 1 | |
| 5591496377 | Indian Ocean trading network | Stretched from Southern China to Eastern Africa, carried some luxury goods (gold, ivory, porcelain, spices, etc.) and, unlike the Silk Road, bulk and staple goods (textiles, pepper, rice, timber, sugar, wheat) because of the ability of ships to carry more cargo. Depended on monsoons. Trade occurred between cities rather than nations. | 2 | |
| 5591496378 | Srivijaya | Malay kingdom, dominated the critical choke point of Indian Ocean trade (the Malay peninsula/Coast of Sumatra) from 670 to 1025. State had a plentiful supply of gold, access to spices, and levied taxes on trade; from this drew supporters, funded bureaucracy, and created a navy. Imported Indian political ideas and Buddhism | 3 | |
| 5591496379 | Borobudur | Mountain shaped structure of ten levels, depicting the Buddhist journey from ignorance to enlightenment, located in the Sailendra Kingdom (Java). Largest Buddhist monument in the world. Represents the blending of Javanese culture with Buddhism, and the penetration of Indian culture in the region. | 4 | |
| 5591496380 | Swahili civilization | East African civilization, in 8th century took the shape of a set of commercial city states stretching along the East African coast. Growth stimulated by Indian ocean trade, extremely urban, language influenced by Arabic traders, became Islamic. | 5 | |
| 5591496381 | Great Zimbabwe | Located in African interior, grew up on gold trade (esp. with Somalia), and reached its peak between 1250 and 1350. Built imposing walls. | 6 | |
| 5591496382 | Sand Roads | Took of with the introduction of the camel in the 1st century, connected North and West Africa, salt exchanged for gold and slaves, spread Islam, by 4th century regular trans-Saharan trade established. Gold sought most highly. | 7 | |
| 5591496383 | Ghana, Mali, Songhay | Construction stimulated by Sand Road trade. All monarchies with court lives and varying degrees of bureaucracy and military strength, and drew wealth from taxing trans-Saharan trade | 8 | |
| 5591496384 | trans-Saharan slave trade | Mostly non-Islamic peoples without a state, held a variety of jobs (normally servants to Islamic people's in North Africa). Between 1100 and 1400 thousands of slaves were transported across the Sahara each year. | 9 | |
| 5591496385 | American web | Less connected than Eurasian societies (absence of domesticated animals/North-South Direction). Loose contact from Great Lakes to Mississippi to Andes, spread maize and some culture. Most active between Mesoamerica and the Andes; civilizations in that region had trading networks. Inca state built roads. | 10 | |
| 5591496386 | Sui Dynasty | Ruled 589-618. Reunite China after the fall on the Han in 220. | 11 | |
| 5591496387 | Tang Dynasty | 8th Century Dynasty. Helped begin the Golden Age of China, along with the Song, with the reintroduction if the examination system, and the establishment of schools. | 12 | |
| 5591496388 | Song Dynasty economic revolution | Created printing, improved means of transportation (trade is easier), took tax revenue in cash, and started an economic revolution in China, accompanied by a huge growth in population. Adopt new rice from Vietnam, very urbanized, large scale industrial production, water ways and canals, and the emergence of specialized markets. | 13 | |
| 5591496389 | Hangzhou | Capital of Song Dynasty China, home to more than a million people, abounded in specialized markets, visited by Marco Polo. | 14 | |
| 5591496390 | Foot binding | Emerged during the Song Dynasty (which created a reemergence of patriarchy and restrictions on women). Forced women to conform to a certain aesthetic ideal and restricted their movement. | 15 | |
| 5591496391 | Tribute system | China sees itself as "Middle Kingdom", extracts tribute from neighbors and nomads in exchange for not making war and acknowledging Chinese superiority. Foreigners submits o this in exchange for trade rights. Chinese sometimes had to pay tribute to nomads. | 16 | |
| 5591496392 | Xiongnu | "Barbarian" Empire that took over pieces of China and demanded tribute. Nomads. | 17 | |
| 5591496393 | Khitan/Jurchen people | Nomadic peoples who conquered parts of Northern China, also demanded tribute from China. | 18 | |
| 5591496394 | Silla Dynasty (Korea) | Ruled 688-900. Allied with Tang Dynasty to create unity between Korea and China. | 19 | |
| 5591496395 | hangul | Korean phonetic alphabet. | 20 | |
| 5591496396 | chu nom | Vietnamese variation of Chinese script. | 21 | |
| 5591496397 | Trung sisters | In 39 the Trung Sisters (Vietnamese daughters of a leader deposed by the Chinese) launched a rebellion against the Chinese that lasted several years. When it ended they committed suicide. | 22 | |
| 5591496398 | Shotoku Taishi | Prominent Japanese aristocrat, advocated the bringing of Chinese style government to Japa | 23 | |
| 5591496399 | bushido | Japanese, way of the warrior (samurai). | 24 | |
| 5591496400 | Chinese Buddhism | Came from India via the Silk Road, blended with Chinese culture (esp. Confucianism), with texts translated to reflect more Chinese values (dharma becomes dao). After the collapse of the Han dynasty Buddhist monasteries provided some social services, revived modest state support. After 800, xenophobia (b/c of foreign born revolution) against Buddhism increased; sharply criticized by upper class, Chinese state tried to destroy it (still remainder popular). | 25 | |
| 5591496401 | Emperor Wendi | Sui emperor (r. 581-604), provided state support for Buddhism, built temples, and used Buddhism to justify military campaigns. | 26 | |
| 5591496402 | Byzantine Empire | Started 330, continuation of Roman Empire. Included Egypt, Greece, Syria, and Anatolia; wealthier, more urbanized, and more cosmopolitan than the Western Empire. Kept the roads, tax system, imperial court, laws, and Christian court of the Roman Empire. Considered themselves Romans. | 27 | |
| 5591496403 | Constantinople | Capital of Byzantine Empire, established by Emperor Constantinople in 330 on the site of the former Greek city of Byzantium. | 28 | |
| 5591496404 | Justinian | Emperor of Byzantine Empire (r. 527-565). Attempted to reconquer the Mediterranean basin. | 29 | |
| 5591496405 | caesaropapism | The close relationship between Church and State in Byzantium. The Emperor took on the role of "Caesar", head of state, and pope (he appointed the leader of the Orthodox Church). | 30 | |
| 5591496406 | Eastern Orthodox Christianity | Huge impact on Byzantine life. Created by the Schism of 1054, didn't want to recognize the Pope's authority, its priests can marry, and wanted to prohibit the use of icons, as well as other theological disputes. | 31 | |
| 5591496407 | icons | Popular paintings of saints and biblical scenes, usually on small wooden panels. | 32 | |
| 5591496408 | Kievan Rus | Modest state, named after its largest city, Kiev, emerged in the 9th century b/c of trade. Led by princes, stratified society. Religiously diverse, in 10th century, Prince Vladimir of Kiev allied the state with Eastern Orthodox Christianity (so as to unite his people). | 33 | |
| 5591496409 | Prince Vladimir of Kiev | Prince of Kievan Rus, converted his people o Eastern Orthodox Christianity. | 34 | |
| 5591496410 | Charlemagne | Charles the Great (r. 768-814). Extended Frankish control through Spain and Italy. Symbolic of the post imperial age, he was barely literate, speaking some Latin and a little Greek, had facility with Theologians, and was the strongest ruler of his lifetime. Aechen was his capital, delegated power to Counts. On Chrustmas Day, 800 he was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo (this anger Byzantine Empire). | 35 | |
| 5591496411 | Holy Roman Empire | Encompassed much of Germany, made up of small principalities. | 36 | |
| 5591496412 | 1453 | Fall of Byzantine Empire | 37 | |
| 5591496413 | Roman Catholic Church | Latin half of the Christian Church, headed by the Pope. Record keeper of Europe. | 38 | |
| 5591496414 | Western Christendom | For much of the period occupied the fringes of world history, only after 1500 did it fr come geographically central to world trade. Organized into competing states, feudalism and manorialism emerge. Roman Catholic Church fills power vacuum left by Roman Empire. | 39 | |
| 5591496415 | Crusades | Started when Emperor Alexios asked Pope Urban II for help in recapturing the holy land from Muslims, dominated by French and Norman nobles, alternative to poor life in Europe. 1st a Crusade starts 1095, 4th Crusade (1202-4) is the most famous. 9 crusades total, briefly recapture holy land (1099), then it us taken again by Muslims (1187). | 40 | |
| 5591496416 | European cities | Emerge after 1000. City states like Venice, Florence, Milan, and the Papal States. Were autonomous and had different kinds of government. | 41 | |
| 5591496417 | system of competing states | Never achieved Unity as in Roman Empire. Individual states like France, England, Sweden, etc competed for power and land. | 42 | |
| 5591496418 | Aristotle and Classical Greek learning | Universities established, literate churchmen debate these ideas and apply them first to theology, then to other disciplines. Sought texts from Byzantium and Arab world. Aristo ties writings become basis for university education. | 43 | |
| 5591496419 | Quran | The sacred scripture of Islam, given to Mohamed as a series off revelations from the angel Gabriel that began in 610 and continued for the next 22 years. Radically monotheistic, challenged the social inequalities and tribalism of Arab society. | 44 | |
| 5591496420 | umma | The worldwide Muslim community, the community of all believers. | 45 | |
| 5591496421 | Pillars of Islam | The five requirements for believers: 1. No God but Allah, Muhammad is his messenger 2. Prayer (Pray five times a day facing Mecca 3. Almsgiving (Believers must support the poor) 4. Month of Fasting During Ramadan (No food, drink, or sex from dawn till sundown 5. Hajj (Pilgrimage to Mecca) *6. Jihad (Holy War against Infidels) | 46 | |
| 5591496422 | Hijra | Mohamed's emigration from Mecca to Medina in 622. Marked the beginning of a new Islamic calendar. | 47 | |
| 5591496423 | Jizya | "People of the Book" (Jews, Christians, Zoroastrians) had to pay the Jizya tax in order to freely practice their religion. | 48 | |
| 5591496424 | Ulama | Religious scholars, Sunni Muslims believe that religious authority emerges from them. | 49 | |
| 5591496425 | Umayyad Caliphate | (r. 661-750) Arab rule expanded, caliph became hereditary position, and the capital moved to Damascus. Disliked by Shia and non-Muslims, lived very luxuriously. Overthrown by Abbasids in 750. | 50 | |
| 5591496426 | Abbasid caliphate | Capital in Baghdad, oversaw flourishing civilization in which non-Arabs gained new prominence. Heavy Persian influence. Began fracturing into sultanate sin the 9th century, officially ended in 1258 with Mongol conquest. | 51 | |
| 5591496427 | al-Ghazali | (1058-1111) Legal scholar and Sufi practitioner, incorporated Sufi thought into mainstream Islam. | 52 | |
| 5591496428 | Sikhism | A blend of Islam (esp. Monotheism) and Hinduism (karma, rebirth), founded by Guru Nanak (1469-1539). | 53 | |
| 5591496429 | Anatolia | (Turkey). At first, ruled by Byzantines and largely Greek speaking Christians. Invaded by Turkic peoples, by 1500 90% Muslim and largely Turkic speaking. Unlike India, huge cultural change. Heartland of Ottoman Empire. | 54 | |
| 5591496430 | Ibn Battuta | 14th Century Arab Moroccan traveler, disapproved of Anatolia's freer Islamic women, same in West Afruca. | 55 | |
| 5591496431 | Timbuktu | By 16th century, became a center of Islamic learning, with mosques, schools, higher education, and libraries. | 56 | |
| 5591496432 | al-Andalus | Muslim name for Spain. Chief site of Islamic encounter with Catholic Europe. Conquered in 8th century, Muslims and Christians lived largely in harmony. Mozarabs (Arabized Spaniards). By 10th century toleration erodes, reconquer picks up by 1200. | 57 | |
| 5591496433 | Madrassas | Formal colleges; instruction in Koran, law, grammar rhetoric, sometimes theology and mathematics. | 58 | |
| 5591496434 | House of Wisdom | Established by Abbasid Caliph al-Mamun in Baghdad as an academic center for research and translation. Stimulated by Greek texts. | 59 | |
| 5591496435 | Ibn Sina | Arab physician, accurately diagnosed many diseases, like hay fever, measles, small pox, diabetes, diphtheria, and rabies. | 60 | |
| 5591496436 | Sharia | Islamic law, which is considered the one law for both secular and religious matters. Regulated every aspect of life. Developed primarily in 8th and 9th century by Ulama. Different schools of Sharia thought emerged. | 61 | |
| 5591496437 | Pastoralism | Lived in areas where farming was difficult, instead focused their economies on the raising of livestock. Emerged only in the Afro-Eurasian world. Less productive economies, smaller populations, kin based group organization, better status for women, and more egalitarian than agricultural societies. Mobile. Connected to, and dependent on, agricultural neighbors. Hard to organize into states. | 62 | |
| 5591496438 | Xiongnu | Large scale nomadic empire on the Mongolian steppes North of China. In third and second centuries B.C. created a huge military confederacy, under Modun became more organized and exacted tribute from China and other nomads. Later dissolved under Chinese attack. | 63 | |
| 5591496439 | Modun | Xiongnu Leader, reigned 210-174 B.C. Organized nomadic peoples into centralized political hierarchies, with power concentrated in a divinely ordained ruler and junior and senior clans holding power. | 64 | |
| 5591496440 | Turks | From Mongolia and Northern Siberia, migrated westward and created a series of empires between 552-965. Alliance of tribes headed by single leader. Allied, traded with, exacted tribute, and raided China, Persia, and Byzantium. Converted to Islam, moved to Middle East, first skates to Abbasid, later took military power themselves. Created Seljuk Turk empire in 11th and 12th centuries, became sultans. Brought Islam and Turkic culture to Anatolia and the Ottoman Empire. | 65 | |
| 5591496441 | Masai | Nomadic cattle herders of east Africa, tied together with agricultural neighbors in rituals of village and clan. Considered Pastoralism a superior way of life. Periodically farmers, accepted outsiders and dependent on agricultural societies, who borrowed from them culturally. | 66 | |
| 5591496442 | Temujin/Chinggis Khan | (1162-1227) Father murdered, family held together by mother. Built up a small band of followers, allied with powerful tribal leaders, and rose to power from complex tribal politics. In 1206 Mongol tribal assembly recognized him as supreme leader of Mongol nation. To keep tribe together decided to attack China, first assault launched 1209. | 67 | |
| 5591496443 | The Mongol world war | A process of military campaigns, massive killing, and empire building by Khan and his grandsons enabled the Mongol empire to encompass China, Korea, Central Asia, Russia, much of the Middle East and parts of Eastern Europe. Conquered people scattered. | 68 | |
| 5591496444 | Yuan dynasty China | Unified China, adopted Mandate of Heaven, and moved the capital to Beijing. Adopted Chinese administrative practices, taxation system, and postal system. | 69 | |
| 5591496445 | Khubilai Khan | Khan's grandson, Mongol leader of China from 1271 to 1294, gave ancestors Chinese names, improved roads, built canals, lowered taxes, patronized the arts, limited the death penalty, supported farmers, and stopped Mongols from grazing on peasant land. Adopted some religious practices, still harsh. | 70 | |
| 5591496446 | Hulegu | Grandson of Khan, led the attack on Persia and Iraq (1251-1258), toppled Abbasid Caliphate, and massacred more than 200,000 people. Disaster for agricultural land and heavily taxed peasants. | 71 | |
| 5591496447 | Kipchak Khanate/Golden Horde | Mongol conquest of Russia, never really occupied cities, grazed herds on steppes, and collected tribute from Russian princes, whom they appointed. Russian Orthodox Church grew. No direct rule=Little assimilation. State centered in Moscow. Mongols forced out by 15th century. | 72 | |
| 5591496448 | Black Death/Plague | Another name for the plague. Decimated much of Eurasia and North Africa, spreading from east to west, in the fourteenth century. Spread by fleas on rats. Killed from 1/3 to 2/3 of people in Europe, helped to topple Yuan dynasty in China. Spread on Silk Road, cut off much trade. Originated in Central Asia. Reached Europe/Middle East by 1347. Better working pay for laborers, more opportunities for women. Europeans take to the sea. | 73 | |
| 5591496449 | Paleolithic persistence | The term used to define the Paleolithic people of Australia and North America that still maintained their way of life in the 15th century despite the presence of growing civilizations. They proved to have a history that included manipulation of the environment (firestick farming), participation in trade, and in North America, the development of "complex" cultures. | 74 | |
| 5591496451 | Igbo | The agricultural village society in West Africa that rejected the states of the neighboring Yoruba and Bini for a society without kings. They traded among themselves and with distant people such as the Songhay empire, implementing cultural unity as well. | 75 | |
| 5591496452 | Iroquois | Agricultural village society in present New York State known for its confederation, or the Great Law of Peace, that included its Five Nations. | 76 | |
| 5591496453 | Timur | The Turkic warrior that expanded Tamerlane to succeed the pastoral society of the Mongol Empire, encompassing Russia, Persia, and India in the process. It's state proved to be the last nomadic success but also combined Turkic and Persian culture. | 77 | |
| 5591496454 | Fulbe | Pastoral people in the West Sahara that while migrating eastward, were subordinated among agricultural people. They also expanded Islam during their eastward migration. | 78 | |
| 5591496455 | Ming dynasty China | The Chinese dynasty that renewed its civilization after Mongol rule and the spread of the plague through cultural and political achievements and abrupt maritime voyages. It's political and cultural achievements were reminiscent of their past. | 79 | |
| 5591496456 | Zheng He | Chinese eunuch who was born as a mongol and was later assigned to Emperor Yongle. Most known for leading seven voyages between 1405 and 1433. | 80 | |
| 5591496457 | European Renaissance | Beginning in Italy, the Renaissance was Europe's cultural renewal that brought a new era of Greco-Roman art that focused less on Christianity and more on realism and secular topics. These cultural achievements proved to be something new in European's history. | 81 | |
| 5591496458 | Ottoman Empire | The empire created by Turkic groups in Anatolia that overtook the Byzantine empire and encompassed North Africa, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe. It represented the Turks as the dominant people of Islam and were considered successors to the Roman Empire. | 82 | |
| 5591496459 | Seizure of Constantinople (1453) | An encounter between the Islamic Ottoman state and the Christian Byzantine that marked the final demise of Byzantium. It Allowed Ottoman rulers to see themselves as successors to the Roman Empire. | 83 | |
| 5591496460 | Safavid Empire | The Islamic state that formed to the east of the Ottoman Empire. It imposed a Shia version of Islam as its official religion, introducing a sharp divide into the political and religious life of heartland Islam. | 84 | |
| 5591496461 | Songhay Empire | Islamic state in West Africa that taxed the trans-Saharan trade and spread Islam, although it limited the religion to urban elites. Like the Mughal empire, it governed a largely non-Muslim population. | 85 | |
| 5591496462 | Timbuktu | The massive capital of the Songhay Empire that served as a major center of Islamic learning and commerce. | 86 | |
| 5591496463 | Mughal Empire | Islamic Empire that encompassed most of the Indian peninsula and spread Islam to Southeast Asia. It provided political unity for India and accommodated Hindus and Muslims. | 87 | |
| 5591496464 | Malacca | A previously small fishing village located on the waterway between Sumatra and Malaya. It became a major Muslim port city and center for Islamic learning. | 88 | |
| 5591496465 | Aztec Empire | The loosely structured empire of the Mexica people that unified Mesoamerica. It was distinguished by its tribute systems and religious that relied on human sacrifice. | 89 | |
| 5591496466 | Inca Empire | The bureaucratic empire formed by the Quechua-speaking people of the Andes. It sought political and cultural integration of their subjects. | 90 |
...AP WORLD HISTORY: UNIT 5 Flashcards
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| 9898450132 | toissant l'ouverture | former slave who led a violent, lengthy, and successful slave revolt in haiti | 0 | |
| 9898516196 | jose de san martin | creole in argentina to took charge of the armies | 1 | |
| 9898576182 | miguel hidalgo | creole priest who led a revolt in mexico against spanish rule | 2 | |
| 9898620634 | treaty of cordoba | mexico was granted independence from spain | 3 | |
| 9898688235 | enclosure | public lands were enclosed by fences for private property and gain | 4 | |
| 9898713511 | domestic system | how things were done before technology; required more labor and laborers | 5 | |
| 9898781715 | adam smith | believed in laissez-faire capitalism | 6 | |
| 9898801197 | karl marx | for the uprising of the oppressed workers and equality (communism) | 7 | |
| 9898808599 | luddites | groups of workers who destroyed equipment in factories to protest working conditions and low wages | 8 | |
| 9898907912 | british east india company | joint-stock company which operated as a multinational corporation with exclusive rights over british trade with india | 9 | |
| 9898944771 | sepoys | indians who worked for the brits | 10 | |
| 9898957156 | sepoy mutiny | bullet cartridges (had to be bitten off to load into the rifle) were greased with pork and beef fat (violated both hindu and islam beliefs); rebellion failed | 11 | |
| 9906879117 | treaty of nanjing | britain was given considerable to rights to trade with china after victory in opium war | 12 | |
| 9906974372 | boxer protocol | demanded that china pay the costs of the boxer rebellion | 13 | |
| 9926722651 | boxers | anti-manchu, anti-european, and anti-christians who slaughtered christian missionaries and took control of foreign embassies | 14 |
AP Government Chapter 6 Flashcards
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| 6682304592 | Public Opinion | The distribution of the population's beliefs about politics and policy issues. | 0 | |
| 6682304593 | Demography | The science of population changes. | 1 | |
| 6682304594 | Census | An actual enumeration of the population, which the Constitution requires that the government conduct every 10 years. The census is a valuable tool for understanding demographic changes. | 2 | |
| 6682304595 | Melting Pot | A term often used to characterize the United States, with its history of immigration and mixing of cultures, ideas, and peoples. | 3 | |
| 6682304596 | Minority Majority | The situation, likely beginning in the mid-twenty-first century, in which the non-Hispanic whites will represent a minority of the U.S. population and minority groups together will represent a majority. | 4 | |
| 6682304597 | Political Culture | An overall set of values widely shared within a society. | 5 | |
| 6682304598 | Reapportionment | The process of reallocating seats in the House of Representatives every 10 years on the basis of the results of the census. | 6 | |
| 6682304599 | Political Socialization | The process through which individuals in a society acquire political attitudes, views, and knowledge, based on inputs from family, schools, the media, and others. | 7 | |
| 6682304600 | Sample | A relatively small proportion of people who are chosen in a survey so as to be representative of the whole. | 8 | |
| 6682304601 | Random Sampling | The key technique employed by survey researches, which operates on the principle that everyone should have an equal probability of being selected for the sample. | 9 | |
| 6682304602 | Sampling Error | The level of confidence in the findings of a public opinion poll. The more people interviewed, the more confident one can be of the results. | 10 | |
| 6682304603 | Random-digit dialing | A technique used by pollsters to place telephone calls randomly to both listed and unlisted numbers when conducting a survey. | 11 | |
| 6682304604 | Exit Poll | Public Opinion surveys used by major media pollsters to predict electoral winners with speed and precision. | 12 | |
| 6682304605 | Political Ideology | A coherent set of beliefs about politics, public policy, and public purpose, which helps give meaning to political events. | 13 | |
| 6682304606 | Liberalism | A political ideology that prefers a government active in dealing with human needs, support individual rights and liberties, and give higher priority to social needs than to military needs. Opp. of Conservatism. | 14 | |
| 6682304607 | Conservatism | Political ideology that fears a growth of government, deplore government drag on private sector initiatives, dislike permissiveness in society, and play priority on military over social needs. Opp. of Liberalism. | 15 | |
| 6682304608 | Gender Gap | The regular pattern in which women are more likely to support Democratic candidates, in part because they tend to be less conservative than men and more likely to support spending on social services and to oppose higher levels of military spending. | 16 | |
| 6682304609 | Political Participation | All the activities used by citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue. The most common means of political participation in a democracy is voting; other means include protest and civil disobedience. | 17 | |
| 6682304610 | Protest | A form of political participation designed to achieve policy change through dramatic and unconventional tactics. | 18 | |
| 6682304611 | Civil Disobedience | A form of political participation based on a conscious decision to break a law believed to be unjust and to suffer the consequences. | 19 | |
| 6682304612 | Political Efficacy | The belief that ordinary people can influence the government. | 20 | |
| 6682304613 | Libertarian | Person who believes the government should be as small and interfere with people's life as little as possible. | 21 | |
| 6682304614 | Quota Sampling | Opposite to random sampling. It is when you take a certain group of people before you random sample. First, get the random sample, then you will group them into sub sets with quota sample. Certain groups here and there for the poll. | 22 | |
| 6682304615 | Push Polls | An ostensible opinion poll in which the true objective is to sway voters using loaded or manipulative questions. | 23 | |
| 6682304616 | Bandwagon Effect | An effect in which voters may support a candidate only because they see that others are doing so. | 24 | |
| 6682304617 | Skewed Question | a question phrased in such a way that a certain answer is more likely to be given. | 25 | |
| 6682304618 | Context Effect | aspects of psychology that deal with perception, or how the human mind views an object or event. | 26 | |
| 6682304619 | Question Framing | Certain way of framing the question for polls and surveys. Different ways of framing to get different, bias results. It is a subset of skewed question, it is a type of skewed question. | 27 |
AP Chemistry - Exam Review Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5874028553 | Heisenberg uncertainty principle | states that it is impossible to know simultaneously the exact position and momentum of a particle. That is, the more exactly the position is determined, the less known the momentum, and vice versa. | 0 | |
| 5874029636 | Pauli exclusion principle | two or more identical fermions (particles with half-integer spin) cannot occupy the same quantum state within a quantum system simultaneously. | 1 | |
| 5874029637 | Hund's rule | every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin. | 2 | |
| 5874031316 | Shielding effect | describes the attraction between an electron and the nucleus in any atom with more than one electron shell. Shielding effect can be defined as a reduction in the effective nuclear charge on the electron cloud, due to a difference in the attraction forces of the electrons on the nucleus. | 3 | |
| 5874033738 | Wave nature of matter | wavelength is inversely proportional to the momentum of a particle. | 4 | |
| 5874034527 | Orbital notation |  | 5 | |
| 5874038112 | Hybridization | is the idea that atomic orbitals fuse to form newly hybridized orbitals, which in turn, influences molecular geometry and bonding properties. | 6 | |
| 5874038113 | VSEPR | Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory is a model used in chemistry to predict the geometry of individual molecules from the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms. | 7 | |
| 5874040640 | Acid base titration calculation | 8 | ||
| 5874040641 | Molarity | 9 | ||
| 5874043379 | Empirical formula |  | 10 | |
| 5874043380 | Balancing equations | 11 | ||
| 5874045977 | Alpha | Alpha decay is the loss of an α-particle (a helium nucleus). | 12 | |
| 5905734758 | Positron Emission | 13 | ||
| 5874045978 | Beta | Beta decay is the loss of a β-particle (a high energy electron). | 14 | |
| 5874045979 | Gamma | 15 | ||
| 5874047230 | Combined gas law | when we put Boyle's law, Charles' law, and Gay-Lussac's law together, we come up with the combined gas law, which shows that: Pressure is inversely proportional to volume, or higher volume equals lower pressure. Pressure is directly proportional to temperature, or higher temperature equals higher pressure. | 16 | |
| 5874048634 | Hess' law | states that regardless of the multiple stages or steps of a reaction, the total enthalpy change for the reaction is the sum of all changes. This law is a manifestation that enthalpy is a state function. | 17 | |
| 5874049770 | Quantum numbers | refer to the outermost valence electrons of the Carbon (C) atom, which are located in the 2p atomic orbital, are; n = 2 (2nd electron shell), ℓ = 1 (p orbital subshell), mℓ = 1, 0 or −1, ms = ½ (parallel spins). | 18 | |
| 5874049771 | Polarity | 19 | ||
| 5874147764 | Solubility | the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent. It is measured in terms of the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent at equilibrium. The resulting solution is called a saturated solution. | 20 | |
| 5874051539 | Molar mass from gas law data | 21 | ||
| 5874190129 | Gas Law | equal volumes of all ideal gases (at the same temperature and pressure) contain the same number of molecules. | 22 | |
| 5885679768 | One mole of an ideal gas has a volume of | 22.4 litres at STP | 23 | |
| 5874051540 | kinetic molecular theory | describes a gas as a large number of submicroscopic particles (atoms or molecules), all of which are in constant rapid motion that has randomness arising from their many collisions with each other and with the walls of the container. | 24 | |
| 5874053788 | Electrolytes | are salts or molecules that ionize completely in solution. As a result, electrolyte solutions readily conduct electricity | 25 | |
| 5874053789 | Nonelectrolytes | nonelectrolytes do not dissociate into ions in solution; nonelectrolyte solutions do not, therefore, conduct electricity. | 26 | |
| 5874057736 | Physical Change | can see the change | 27 | |
| 5874057737 | Chemical Change | molecules change | 28 | |
| 5874059394 | Density | is an intensive property- does depend on the amount. ex: heat. | 29 | |
| 5874059395 | Isomers | same formula but different structure. | 30 | |
| 5874059396 | Descriptive chemistry - the halogens | a group in the periodic table consisting of five chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At). | 31 | |
| 5874061491 | Molecular geometry |  | 32 | |
| 5874061492 | Lewis Structures | o-o-o | 33 | |
| 5874063470 | Stoichiometry | 34 | ||
| 5874063471 | Nuclear Equations |  | 35 | |
| 5874073941 | Calculating delta H using bond energies | 36 | ||
| 5874075110 | Manometer | an instrument that uses a column of liquid to measure pressure, although the term is currently often used to mean any pressure measuring instrument. | 37 | |
| 5874219067 | From celsius to fahrenheit | C=5/9 (F-32) | 38 | |
| 5874223010 | From fahrenheit to celsius | F=9/5 (C) + 32 | 39 | |
| 5874226399 | Kelvin to celsius | K= C+273.15 | 40 | |
| 5874235522 | Sig Figs | +- : Answer has same number of decimal places as number with fewest decimal places x/ : Anwer has same number of sig figs as number with fewest sig figs | 41 | |
| 5874278270 | Percent Yield | what you got/what you should've gotten | 42 | |
| 5874284226 | Concentration | molarity/Liters | 43 | |
| 5874286165 | Energy | the capacity to do work or make heat | 44 | |
| 5874287486 | Kinetic | motion KE=1/2mv^2 | 45 | |
| 5874291577 | 1st Law of Thermodynamics | total energy lost/gained is equal to the total energy gained/lost by its surrounding system. ΔE=q+w | 46 | |
| 5874302184 | Endothermic | absorption of heat. | 47 | |
| 5874302185 | Exothermic | expulsion of heat. | 48 | |
| 5874303495 | More reactive trend | up and to the right | 49 | |
| 5874311647 | Specific Heat Capacity | amount of energy required to raise 1g 1C heat= (g heated)(specific heat)(change in temperature) oorrr q=mΔT | 50 | |
| 5874333120 | Electron Capture | Addition of an electron to a proton in the nucleus is known as electron capture or K-capture. The result of this process is that a proton is transformed into a neutron. | 51 | |
| 5874333121 | Positron Emission | Some nuclei decay by emitting a positron, a particle that has the same mass as but an opposite charge to that of an electron. | 52 | |
| 5874337345 | Lattice Energy | 53 | ||
| 5885691677 | Titration | 54 |
AP German literature vocab Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7757763657 | der aufsatz | essay | 0 | |
| 7757763658 | die autobiografie | autobiography | 1 | |
| 7757763659 | das urheberrecht | copyright | 2 | |
| 7757763660 | die dichtung | work of literature | 3 | |
| 7757763661 | der erzahler | narrator | 4 | |
| 7757763662 | die figur | character | 5 | |
| 7757763663 | das genre | genre | 6 | |
| 7757763664 | die handlung | plot | 7 | |
| 7757763665 | der kriminalroman | mystery novel | 8 | |
| 7757763666 | die novelle | novella | 9 | |
| 7757763667 | die dichkunst/ poesie | poetry | 10 | |
| 7757763668 | die prosa | prose | 11 | |
| 7757763669 | der reim | rhyma | 12 | |
| 7757763670 | die strophe | stanza | 13 | |
| 7757763671 | die zeile | lines | 14 | |
| 7757763672 | sich entwickeln | to develop | 15 | |
| 7757763673 | spielen | to take place (story) | 16 | |
| 7757763674 | stattfinden | to take place | 17 | |
| 7757763675 | ubersetzen | to translate | 18 | |
| 7757763676 | zitieren | to quote | 19 |
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