| 7688522779 | cumulative sentence | begins with an independent clause and builds (accumulates or piles up) on the idea with concrete or subjective details. . | | 0 |
| 7688522780 | independent clause | expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. Has both a subject and a verb. | | 1 |
| 7688522781 | dependent clause | A group of words that contain a subject
and a verb but does NOT express a complete thought | | 2 |
| 7688522782 | staccato sentence | One to two words | | 3 |
| 7688522783 | telegraphic sentence | A sentence shorter than five words in length (more than two words) | | 4 |
| 7688522784 | short sentence | approximately five to ten words in length | | 5 |
| 7688522785 | medium sentence | approximately 15 to 20 words in length | | 6 |
| 7688522786 | Long and involved sentence | About 30 words or more in length | | 7 |
| 7688522787 | Ethos | Establishes Credibility | | 8 |
| 7688522788 | Pathos | Appeal to emotion | | 9 |
| 7688522789 | Logos | Appeal to logic and reason using facts, statistics, etc. | | 10 |
| 7688522790 | Metaphor (trope) | comparison of two dissimilar things as if it IS | | 11 |
| 7688522791 | Personification (trope) | Giving human characteristics to inanimate objects | | 12 |
| 7688522792 | Hyperbole (trope) | A figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor | | 13 |
| 7688522793 | Simile (trope) | comparison of things using "like" or "as" | | 14 |
| 7688522794 | rhetorical question (scheme) | a question that expects no direct answer; used to draw attention to a point | | 15 |
| 7688522795 | synecdoche (trope) | A figure of speech in which a part is substituted for the whole. | | 16 |
| 7688522796 | diction (trope) | A writer's or speaker's choice of words | | 17 |
| 7688522797 | abstract diction (trope) | idea words and feelings NOT tangible and DO NOT appeal to the senses | | 18 |
| 7688522798 | concrete diction (trope) | provide more tangible details that appeal to the senses | | 19 |
| 7688522799 | denotation (trope) | The dictionary definition of a word | | 20 |
| 7688522800 | connotation (trope) | the emotional charge behind a word due to experience or society norms | | 21 |
| 7688522801 | parallelism (scheme) | repetition of the same grammatical structure | | 22 |
| 7688522802 | anaphora (scheme) | repetition of the same group of words at the beginning of successive clauses | | 23 |
| 7688522803 | trope | Artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech. | | 24 |
| 7688522804 | Euphonious | words that are pleasing in sound | | 25 |
| 7688522805 | Cacophonous | harsh sounding words | | 26 |
| 7688522806 | scheme | artful sentence structure (syntax) | | 27 |
| 7688522807 | Parallelism of words (scheme) | repetition of the same grammatical structures in words in a sentence (Example: All of the running, jumping and screaming made the students overstimulated." | | 28 |
| 7688522808 | Parallelism of phrases (scheme) | repetition of the same grammatical structures in phrases (Example: This task can be done individually, in pairs, or in groups of four.) | | 29 |
| 7688522809 | Epistrophe (scheme) | the repetition of a word or group of words at the end of successive clauses or sentences | | 30 |
| 7688522810 | Antithesis (scheme) | a type of parallelism used to show contrast. | | 31 |
| 7688522811 | Rhetorical Mode | method of presenting a subject through writing or speech (ex: argumentation, narration, etc.) | | 32 |
| 7688522812 | Context | the historical, social, educational, environmental, etc. situation that prompts the speaker or writer to address the topic | | 33 |
| 7688522813 | Colloquial | Characteristic of ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing | | 34 |
| 7688522814 | Jargon | Special words, details, or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group (specialization); may be difficult for others to understand | | 35 |
| 7688522815 | Shift | change position or place; or approach of the speaker or writer | | 36 |
| 7688522816 | Levels of Diction | formal / informal / neutral | | 37 |
| 7688522817 | Illustration | use of detailed examples to make abstract or general ideas or concepts more concrete and specific.
specific cases or stories which make an argument more believable. | | 38 |
| 7688522818 | Description | a detailed snapshot of an individual or situation (like describing feelings or the beauty of a flower).
May evoke emotion | | 39 |
| 7688522819 | Narration | involves telling a story with a beginning, middle, and end.
usually a main characters(individuals)/location
a lesson or moral.
establishes credibility and evokes emotion | | 40 |
| 7688522820 | Definition | Provides the specific meaning of a term or idea.
provides the nature or limits | | 41 |
| 7688522821 | Comparison/Contrast | identify similarities/differences. | | 42 |
| 7688522822 | Cause/Effect | Refers to a direct relationship between events
Answers the question "why did something happen, and/or what results did it have?" | | 43 |
| 7688522823 | Division/Classification | Sort ideas or information into categories
make connections between topics that might seem unrelated
(often uses definition) | | 44 |
| 7688522824 | Argumentation | series of statements leading to a logical conclusion
Offers numerous reasons for or against the topic
may outline or begin with a problem and then offer a solution | | 45 |
| 7688522825 | Process Analysis | to "break into parts"
begins with a complex situation, argument, or text and breaks down the idea into separate parts | | 46 |
| 7688522826 | Individual | a single entity (person in writing) | | 47 |
| 7688522827 | Conflict | the problems or issues an individual may face | | 48 |
| 7688522828 | Social Stereotypes | generalization or conclusion drawn based on bias or personal experience/beliefs | | 49 |
| 7688522829 | Imagery | Descriptive or figurative language in a literary work; the use of language to create sensory impressions. | | 50 |
| 7688522830 | Objective Details | details that focus on facts |  | 51 |
| 7688522831 | Technical Details | are connected to a specific subject or group of individuals - details necessary | | 52 |
| 7688522832 | Subjective Details | Details that reveal the author's feelings, attitudes, or judgements. | | 53 |
| 7688522833 | Figurative Image | the use of language in presenting ideas, objects, etc. in a way that appeals to your senses | | 54 |
| 7688522834 | Position | how close the writer is to the action in time and space | | 55 |
| 7688522835 | Tone | A writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization. |  | 56 |
| 7688522836 | Rhetorical Strategy | ...a device that uses words to convey meaning or to persuade | | 57 |
| 7688522837 | Plot | sequence of events in a selection | | 58 |
| 7688522838 | Pace | speed at which the writer recounts events | | 59 |
| 7688522839 | rhetorical triangle | the rhetorical situation |  | 60 |
| 7688522840 | audience (rhetorical triangle) | is complex and varied | | 61 |
| 7688522841 | Context (rhetorical triangle) | the situation that prompts the speaker or writer (Historical, Cultural, Social, Environmental, etc.) | | 62 |
| 7688522842 | Message (rhetorical triangle) | depends on context and audience | | 63 |
| 7688522843 | juxtaposition | When two or more words, phrases, images, ideas are placed close together or side by side for comparison or contrast or any other desired effect. | | 64 |
| 7688611370 | metonymy | a figure of speech in which a topic is replaced with a concept that is closely related to it | | 65 |
| 7690126869 | periodic sentence | sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end | | 66 |
| 7690158059 | alliteration | Repetition of initial consonant sounds | | 67 |
| 8580160723 | irony | a literary device that uses contradictory statements or situations to reveal a reality different from what appears to be true | | 68 |
| 8580164744 | erotema | asking a rhetorical question to the reader as a transition or as a thought provoking tool before proceeding |  | 69 |
| 8580174599 | hypophora | consists of raising one or more questions and then proceeding to answer them, usually at some length |  | 70 |
| 8580182870 | litotes | understatement often by using double negatives or simply negating something (she is not a beauty queen) | | 71 |
| 8580197554 | meiosis | a type of understatement often used as sarcasm or to belittle or dismiss something ; gives impression that something is less important than it is or it should be; intentionally leaving out information | | 72 |
| 8580209707 | allusion | A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art | | 73 |
| 8580213478 | paradox | a statement or proposition that seems contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses truth |  | 74 |
| 8580219061 | synesthesia | describing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound") |  | 75 |
| 8580225376 | anastrophe | inversion of the natural or usual order of words (Yoda speak) |  | 76 |
| 8580229766 | asyndenton | a construction in which elements are presented in a series without conjunctions |  | 77 |
| 8580237033 | antimetabole | repetition of words in reverse order |  | 78 |
| 8580242497 | polysyndenton | the deliberate use of many conjunctions |  | 79 |
| 8580253267 | antecedent | the word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun | | 80 |
| 8580257812 | Enumeration | Listing items or details in order | | 81 |
| 8580268160 | interrogative | puts a thought into a question | | 82 |
| 8580270269 | imperative | gives a command - authoritative | | 83 |
| 8580273092 | declarative | puts a thought in the form of a declaration, opinion, belief, or assertion | | 84 |
| 8580275850 | exclamatory | expresses a strong emotion | | 85 |
| 8580279966 | simple sentence | a sentence with one independent clause
Ex: The children played in the snow. | | 86 |
| 8580283427 | enthymeme | a syllogism in which the major premise is unstated and widely known and/or accepted | | 87 |
| 8580287546 | syllogism | a form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, minor premise, and a conclusion | | 88 |
| 8580291572 | warrant | an underlying assumption or basic principle that connects data and claim; often implied rather than explicit | | 89 |
| 8580295792 | complex sentence | a sentence with one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses
Ex: Ethan was aware that, in regards to the important question of surgical intervention, the female opinion of the neighborhood was divided, some glorying in the prestige conferred by operations while others shunned them as indelicate. | | 90 |
| 8580297639 | compound sentence | a sentence with two or more independent clauses joined by a conjunction.
Ex. Her pleadings still came to him between short sobs, but he no longer heard what she was saying. | | 91 |
| 8580302192 | compound-complex sentence | a sentence with two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses
ex: He bent down, feeling in the obscurity for the glassy slide worn by preceding coasters, and placed the runners carefully between the edges. | | 92 |
| 8580321309 | onomatopoeia | A word that imitates the sound it represents. |  | 93 |
| 8580327320 | counterargument | a challenge to a position; an opposing argument | | 94 |
| 8580329928 | rebuttal | refutation; response with contrary evidence | | 95 |
| 8580332671 | backing | shows the logic used in the warrant is realistic in theory; doesn't necessarily prove the claim but rather just supports the warrant | | 96 |
| 8580335983 | deductive reasoning | inference by reasoning from the general to the specific | | 97 |
| 8580351770 | inductive reasoning | the process of reasoning from the specific to the general; going from specific observations to a conclusion; observations are logical and supports conclusion but does not necessarily ensure the conclusion | | 98 |
| 8580361583 | claim | an assertion (belief), usually supported by evidence | | 99 |
| 8580364758 | claim of fact | a claim that asserts the factual reality of something; can be proven or verified by data | | 100 |
| 8580371202 | claim of cause and effect | a claim that focuses on the connections between events and outcomes | | 101 |
| 8580373440 | claim of value | a claim maintaining that something is good or bad, beneficial or detrimental, or another evaluation criterion | | 102 |
| 8580377499 | claim of policy | a claim maintaining that a course of action should or should not be taken, describes a problem and suggests and organizational way to solve it | | 103 |
| 8580381504 | claim of definition | claiming what something is, what it is like, or how it is interpreted
Answer questions about how to define something or classify it | | 104 |
| 8580388757 | Toulmin Method | effective way of getting to how and why levels of the arguments we read (includes claim/qualifier, data, warrant, backing, and rebuttal) | | 105 |
| 8580394289 | Classical Model | a six part approach to making an argument that includes a section of each of the following: exordium (introduction), narration (background information), proposition (thesis), confirmation (proof), refutation (addressing counterarguments), and peroration (conclusion) | | 106 |
| 9524971464 | false dichotomy | presents the illusion that the audience has only two choices | | 107 |
| 9524980899 | bandwagon (ad populum) | appeal to popular attitude or emotion; the illusion that everyone is involved in a topic or concept | | 108 |
| 9525002626 | Tu Quoque | fallacies avoid the real argument by making similar charges against the opponent | | 109 |
| 9525007164 | appeal to doubtful authority | the treatment of a non-expert as an expert | | 110 |
| 9525019322 | hasty generalization (sweeping generalization) | drawing a conclusion from too little evidence, isolated evidence, or improperly sampled evidence
draws conclusions too quickly, not considering the whole picture | | 111 |
| 9525030091 | false analogy | an inaccurate, inappropriate, or misleading comparison between things
may initially seem logical | | 112 |
| 9525041402 | circular reasoning | the reasoner begins with what they are trying to end with. | | 113 |
| 9525257176 | cherry picking | picking from a body of evidence only that which supports one's argument and ignoring the rest
the rest | | 114 |
| 9525251055 | Red Herring | a deliberate attempt to divert attention away from the real issue at hand | | 115 |
| 9525266866 | Strawman | Misrepresenting someone's argument to make it easier to attack | | 116 |
| 9525271594 | Non sequitur | A statement that does not follow logically from evidence | | 117 |
| 9525277141 | slippery slope | arguments suggest dire consequences from relatively minor causes
exaggerates the potential consequences of an event or choice | | 118 |
| 9525290926 | post hoc, ergo propter hoc | the false assumption that because one event follows another, the first event is the cause
places credit or blame on an event or situation simply because it happened prior to another event or situation | | 119 |
