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AP Literature Review Terms Flashcards

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7253849776allegorystory or poem that can be used to reveal a hidden meaning0
7253849777alliterationbeginning of same letter or sound in closely connected words1
7253849778allusionindirect of passing reference2
7253849779anaphorarepetition in first part of a sentence , to have an artistic meaning3
7253849780antagonista hostile person who is opposed to another character4
7253849781apostrophefigure of speech used to adresss an imaginary character5
7253849782assonancerepetition of vowel sounds6
7253849783flat characterstory character who have no depth, usually has one personality or characteristic7
7253849784round charactercharacter who has complex personality: contradicted person8
7253849785dynamic characterchanges throughout the story, through major conflict9
7253849786static characterperson who doesn't change throughout story keeps same personality10
7253849787characterizationprocess of revealing characters personality11
7253849788climaxpoint where conflict hits its highest point12
7253849789comedydrama that is amusing or funny13
7253849790conflictstruggle between opposing forces14
7253849791connotationsecondary meaning to a word15
7253849792consonancerepetition of same consonant in words close together16
7253849793couplettwo rhyming lines in a verse17
7253849794denotationthe literal meaning of a word18
7253849795denouementfinal outcome of the story19
7253849796figurative languageLanguage that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.20
7253849797imageryDescription that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)21
7253849798ironyA contrast between expectation and reality22
7253849799verbal ironyA figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant23
7253849800dramatic ironyIrony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play.24
7253849801irony of situationrefers to an occurrence that is contrary to what is expected or intended25
7253849802metaphorA comparison without using like or as26
7253849803metonymyA figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it27
7253849804motivationA need or desire that energizes and directs behavior28
7253849805narratorPerson telling the story29
7253849806onomatopoeiaA word that imitates the sound it represents.30
7253849807hyperboleA figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor31
7253849808oxymoronA figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.32
7253849809paradoxA contradiction or dilemma33
7253849810personificationA figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes34
7253849811plotSequence of events in a story35
7253849812omniscient point of viewThe point of view where the narrator knows everything about the characters and their problems - told in the 3rd person.36
7253849813third person limited point of viewnarrator tells the story from only one character's pov37
7253849814first person point of viewa character in the story is actually telling the story himself/herself38
7253849815objective point of viewa narrator who is totally impersonal and objective tells the story, with no comment on any characters or events.39
7253849816protagonistMain character40
7253849817quatrainA four line stanza41
7253849818satireA literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.42
7253849819soliloquyA long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage43
7253849820stream of consciousnessprivate thoughts of a character without commentary44
7253849821symbolA thing that represents or stands for something else45
7253849822synecdochea figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa46
7253849823themeCentral idea of a work of literature47
7253849824toneAttitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character48
7253849825tragedyA serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character49
7253849826understatementthe deliberate representation of something as lesser in magnitude than it actually is; a deliberate under-emphasis50
7253852444ANASTROPHEInversion of the usual, normal, or logical order of the parts of a sentence. Purpose is rhythm or emphasis or euphony. It is a fancy word for inversion.51
7253863157ANTIMETABOLERepetition of words in successive clauses in reverse grammatical order. Moliere: "One should eat to live, not live to eat." In poetry, this is called chiasmus.52
7253864948ANTITHESISBalancing words, phrases, or ideas that are strongly contrasted, often by means of grammatical structure.53
7253866231ANTIHEROCentral character who lacks all the qualities traditionally associated with heroes. may lack courage, grace, intelligence, or moral scruples.54
7253867694APHORISMbrief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life, or of a principle or accepted general truth. Also called maxim, epigram.55
7253872066apostrophecalling out to an imaginary, dead, or absent person, or to a place or thing, or a personified abstract idea. If the character is asking a god or goddess for inspiration it is called an invocation56
7253875607APPOSITIONPlacing in immediately succeeding order of two or more coordinate elements, the latter of which is an explanation, qualification, or modification of the first (often set off by a colon).57
7253878023ASYNDETONCommas used without conjunction to separate a series of words, thus emphasizing the parts equally: instead of X, Y, and Z... the writer uses X,Y,Z....58
7253879471BALANCEConstructing a sentence so that both halves are about the same length and importance. Sentences can be unbalanced to serve a special effect as well.59
7253880525CHIASMUSIn poetry, a type of rhetorical balance in which the second part is syntactically balanced against the first, but with the parts reversed60
7253882426CONCEITan elaborate metaphor that compares two things that are startlingly different. Often an extended metaphor.61
7253884271DIDACTICform of fiction or nonfiction that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model of correct behavior or thinking.62
7253884975EPANALEPSISdevice of repetition in which the same expression (single word or phrase) is repeated both at the beginning and at the end of the line, clause, or sentence.63
7253885432EPICa long narrative poem, written in heightened language , which recounts the deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of a particular society.64
7253885804EPIGRAPHH a quotation or aphorism at the beginning of a literary work suggestive of the theme.65
7253886525EPISTROPHEDevice of repetition in which the same expression (single word or phrase) is repeated at the end of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences (it is the opposite of anaphora).66
7253887949EPITHETan adjective or adjective phrase applied to a person or thing that is frequently used to emphasize a characteristic quality. "Father of our country" and "the great Emancipator" are examples.67
7253889126EXPLICATIONact of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text, usually involves close reading and special attention to figurative language.68
7253889592FARCEa type of comedy in which ridiculous and often stereotyped characters are involved in silly, far-fetched situations.69
7253890032FREE VERSEpoetry that does not conform to a regular meter or rhyme scheme.70
7253890727HYPOTACTICsentence marked by the use of connecting words between clauses or sentences, explicitly showing the logical or other relationships between them.71
7253891192INVERSIONthe reversal of the normal word order in a sentence or phrase.72
7253891804LITOTESis a form of understatement in which the positive form is emphasized through the negation of a negative form73
7253892522METONYMYa figure of speech in which a person, place, or thing, is referred to by something closely associated with it.74
7253893653PARABLEa relatively short story that teaches a moral, or lesson about how to lead a good life.75
7253894219PERIODICsentence that places the main idea or central complete thought at the end of the sentence, after all introductory elements.76
7253895060POLYSYNDETONsentence which uses a conjunction with NO commas to separate the items in a series. Instead of X, Y, and Z... Polysyndeton results in X and Y and Z...77
7253895652REFRAINa word, phrase, line, or group of lines that is repeated, for effect, several times in a poem78
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AP Flashcards

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8635343235Buwiskontribusyon ng mamamayan0
8635346765Taripanakukulekta mula sa import at export o pakikipag kalakaran.1
8635352092Tuwirang buwisdirektang binabawas sa sahud ng mamamayan.2
86353563022 uri ng Income taxPersonal Income Tax Corporate income tax3
8635359455Property taxari-arian4
8635369012Transfer taxpaglipat ng ari-arian5
8635372240estate Taxtagapagmana6
8635373593Donors gift taxdonation7
8635375270Di-tuwirang buwisdi direktang binabayaran ng mamamayan8
8635378526EVATextended value added tax9
8635380114Excise taxfood tax10
8635382169Proportionalpantay-pantay11
8635387872Progresibomataas12
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AP Literature Terms Flashcards

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8043979777AlliterationThe occurrence of the same letter of sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.0
8043994852AllusionAn implies or indirect reference especially in literature.1
8044000582AntagonistOne that contends with or opposes another.2
8044003507ArchetypeA recurrent symbol or motif in literature art, or mythology.3
8044008656AssonanceRepetition of vowels without repetition of consonants used as an alternative to rhyme in verse.4
8044016374BalladLiterary device defined as un-rhyming verse written in iambic parameter to syllables unstressed. Short story in verse, song or poem.5
8044039047Blank VerseIt is a poem with no rhyme but it does have an iambic parameter.6
8044169925CaesuraRhythmical pause dividing the line of verse, an obvious pause.7
8044178468ConflictStruggle between two opposing people between protagonists and antagonists.8
8044189429ConnotationThe emotional implications and associations that words may carry as distinguished from their denotative meaning.9
8044196584DenotationLiteral or dictionary meaning of a word in contrast to its connotative meaning or associated meaning.10
8044203545Deus Ex MachinaUnexpected power or event seemingly hopeless situation.11
8044214356Dramatic MonologueThe speech of verbal presentation is given by a single character to tell their thoughts.12
8044220515DictionStyle of speaking or writing determined by the choice of words by a speaker or writer.13
8044224655ElegyWritten in honor of someone deceased. A mournful melancholy or plaintive poetry.14
8044246264Epic SimileSimile that runs for a really long time and are usually used for decorating heroes.15
8044263204EpitaphLoving poem about a dead friend, usually written on a plaque or tombstone.16
8044274964Figurative LanguageUses figure of speech to be more effective, persuasive, and impactful. Metaphors, simile, imagery, etc.17
8044284631GothicHorror or combination of horror and fiction, along with death and romance.18
8044293086Haiku17 syllables that are split into 3 lines of 5, 7, and 5. A lot of allusions and comparisons.19
8044317620Iambic PentameterA foot or beat of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable or a short syllable followed by a long one. 5 metrical feet.20
8044342652ImageryUse figurative language to represent objects actions and ideas that appeals to our physical sense.21
8044350350IronyIntended meaning is different than actual meaning.22
8044355506LyricCollection of verses and choruses complete song singe speakers non narrative.23
8044365817MetaphorComparison without using like or as.24
8044367971Metaphysical poetryHarsh and rigid expressions with ingenious conceits, incongruous imagery and a lot of paradox.25
8044389118Dramatic IronyUnderstood by audience but not characters.26
8044391871MoodAtmosphere of a literary piece as it creates an emotional situation that surrounds the reader.27
8044399057MotifObject or idea that repeats itself throughout a literary work explains a theme.28
8044410806Narrative PoemExpresses ideas or emotions in a powerfully vivd and imaginative style. An entire story.29
8044424282OdeLyrical in nature, not length praise people and natural scenes along with abstract ideas.30
8044443749PastoralA utopian rural area. Portraying a country life typically in a romanticized form. Free from corruption of the city or court.31
8044455476PersonificationA kind of metaphor that gives inanimate objects of abstract ideas.32
8044465999Point of ViewMode of narration that an author impious to let the readers see.33
8044472977ProtagonistCentral character or leading figure in poetry, narrative, etc. "HERO" of the story.34
8044480563RhymePattern at the end of each verse or line in poetry.35
8044483451RhythmMeasure motion, long and short patterns through stressed and unstressed syllables.36
8044488232Romantic PoetryEmphasis on emotional and imaginative spontaneity. Self expression and individual feelings a usual religious response.37
8044527716SestinaSix line stanzas and three line envoy and in each stanza there is a repeat of end words of the lines of the first stanza. No rhyme.38
8044619700SettingAn environment of surrounding in which a story takes place.39
8044672201StyleVaries from the authors word choice, and tone. The way in which the writer writes. The voice that the readers listen to.40
8044685420SyntaxDetermines how the chosen words are used to from a sentence.41
8044693250ToneAttitude of a writer towards a subject or an audience.42
8044695637Villanelle19 lines and a fixed forms. Two repeating lines. First and third tercet are repeated throughout the poem until the last stanza.43
8044713956Cavalier PoetsHated the metaphysical poetry: Thomas, Lovelace, Henrick, Suckling.44
8044721873Narrative TechniquesMethod of telling a story used by a writer can use. Monologue, dialogue, and manipulation of time.45
8044730553Rhetorical TechniqueEffective use of persuasive language resources of language. Contrast, repetition, paradox and understatement.46
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AP World History Period 2 Study Guide Flashcards

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1656918748Mauryan Empirea geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in ancient India, ruled by the Maurya dynasty from 322 - 185 BCE.0
1656918749Buddhisma path of practice and spiritual development leading to Insight into the true nature of reality. practices like meditation are means of changing yourself in order to develop the qualities of awareness, kindness, and wisdom.1
1656918750Arabic numeralsany of the numerals 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Arabic numerals reached western Europe through Arabia, replacing Roman numerals, by about AD 1200, but probably originated in India.2
1656918751Qin Dynastythe first unified, multi-national and power-centralized state in the Chinese history. It lasted from 221 BC to 207 BC.3
1656918752Han Dynastythe second imperial dynasty of China. Founded in 206 BC when the rebel leader Liu Bang successfully ended the Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty lasted for four centuries and is considered a golden age in Chinese history.4
1656918753Persian Empirethe South Asian empire established by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century bc and overthrown by Alexander the Great in the 4th century bc. At its height it extended from India to Europe5
1656918754Great Royal Roadan ancient highway reorganized and rebuilt by the Persian king Darius the Great of the Achaemenid Empire in the 5th century BC. Darius built the road to facilitate rapid communication throughout his very large empire from Susa to Sardis.6
1656918755PolisGreek city-states7
1656918756Golden Age of Pericles480 BC-404 BC. This was a period of Athenian political hegemony, economic growth and cultural flourishing8
1656918757Delian Leaguefounded in 478 BC, was an association of Greek city-states under the leadership of Athens, whose purpose was to continue fighting the Persian Empire after the Greek victory in the Battle of Plataea at the end of the Second Persian invasion of Greece.9
1656918758Hellenismthe national character or culture of Greece, especially ancient Greece.10
1656918759PatriciansThe wealthy class of the Roman "Republic" or Empire11
1656918760PlebiansThe commoner class of the Roman "Republic" or Empire12
1656918761Twelve Tables of Romehe earliest attempt by the Romans to create a code of law. A law binding on both patrician and plebeian and which consuls would have to enforce.13
1656918762First Triumviratethe unofficial coalition of Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus in 60 BC14
1656918763Second Triumviratea coalition formed by Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian in 43 BC.15
1656918764Pax Romanathe peace that existed between nationalities within the Roman Empire.16
1656918765Paganismany of various religions other than Christianity or Judaism or Islamism17
1656918766Christianitythe religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices.18
1656918767The Edit of MilanAn edict made by the Roman emperor Constantine in 313 which recognized Christianity and gave freedom of worship in the Roman Empire.19
1656918768Classical Perioda golden age for literature and the arts20
1656918769Zoroastrianisma monotheistic pre-Islamic religion of ancient Persia founded by Zoroaster in the 6th century BC.21
1656918770The Silk Roadis a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent connecting the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China to the Mediterranean Sea22
1656918771Polytheismthe belief in or worship of more than one god.23
1656918772Confucianisma system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius and developed by Mencius.24
1656918773Daoisma Chinese philosophy based on the writings of Lao-tzu ( fl. 6th century BC), advocating humility and religious piety.25
1656918774Legalismexcessive adherence to law or formula.26
1656918775Hinduisma major religious and cultural tradition of South Asia, developed from Vedic religion.27
1656918776Judaismthe monotheistic religion of the Jews.28
1656918777Theravada (Hinayana)the more conservative of the two major traditions of Buddhism29
1656918778Mahayana BuddhismThe tradition emerged around the 1st century AD and is typically concerned with altruistically oriented spiritual practice as embodied in the ideal of the bodhisattva.30
1656918779Four Noble Truthsthe four central beliefs containing the essence of Buddhist teaching.31
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AP World History Vocab Flashcards

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6177095209Muhammad AliEmerged as leader of Egypt after failed invasion by Napoleon in 1812 Modernized Egypt by focusing on the military and economy (encouraged farmers to grow cash crops like cotton) Successors would build Suez Canal0
6224360553King Louis XIVThe humanoid species that emerged as most successful at the end of the Paleolithic period1
6224364641Neolithic AgeThe New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished2
6224369106Neolithic RevolutionThe succession of technological innovations and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture, 8500-3500 B.C.E.3
6224372680hunting and gatheringThe original human economy, ultimately eclipsed by agriculture; groups hunt for meat and forage for grains, nuts and berries4
6224379507Bronze AgeFrom about 4000 B.C.E., when bronze tools were first introduced in the Middle East, to about 1500 B.C.E., when iron began to replace it5
6224386367The Neolithic Revolution centered on...the development of agriculture6
6224388932The emergence of civilization occurred in...most thought not all agricultural societies7
6224389516Early civilizations formed in...Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus River Basin, and China8
6224394220slash and burn agricultureA system of cultivation typical of shifting cultivators; forest floors cleared by fire are then planted9
6224395672bandA social level of organization normally consisting of 20 to 30 people; nomadic hunters and gatherers; labor divided on gender basis10
6224399846Catal HuyukEarly urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; was larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification11
6224405681civilizationSocieties distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, as well as merchant and manufacturing groups12
6256683431cuneiformA form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets.13
6256691883NomadsCattle and sheep herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies14
6256705376MesopotamiaLiterally, "between the rivers"; the civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys15
6256713045SumeriansPeople who migrated into Mesopotamia c. 4000 B.C.E.; created first civilization within region; organized area into city-states16
6256729454zigguratsMassive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes17
6256737730city-stateA form of political organization typical of Mesopotamia civilizations; consisted of agricultural hinterlands rules by an urban-based king18
6256752317Babylonian EmpireUnified all of Mesopotamia c. 1800 B.C.E.; collapsed due to foreign invasion 1600 B.C.E19
6256761935Hammurabi(r. 1792-1750 B.C.E) The most important ruler of the Babylonian empire; responsible for codification of law20
6256779050pharaohTitle of kings of ancient Egypt21
6256783109pyramidsMonumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs.22
6256791424KushAn African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 1000 B.C.E; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries23
6256810009Indus River ValleyRiver sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea; location of Harrapan civilization24
6256817271Harrapa and Mohenjo DaroMajor urban complexes of the Harrapan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern25
6256832740Yellow RiverAKA the Huanghe; site of development of sedentary agriculture in China26
6256853037ShangFirst Chinese dynasty for which archeological evidence exists; capital located in Ordos bulge of the Huanghe; flourished 1600 to 1046 B.C.E.27
6256868107oraclesShamans or priests in Chinese society who foretold the future through interpretations of animals bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on bones led to Chinese writing28
6256883994ideographsPictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing29
6256894456Most river valley civilizations declined after...about 1200 B.C.E30
6256904560A number of small centers emerged in the Middle East that...Introduced further innovations, including the religion of Judaism31
6256918079PhoeniciansSeafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the area32
6256929474monotheismThe exclusive worship of a single god; introduced by the Jews into Western civilization33
6256948429A period of political disorganization in China led to...concerted efforts to promote political order, with cultural emphases to match34
6256955605Shi HuangdiFounder of the brief Qin dynasty in 221 B.C.E.; promised to end centuries of strife; was a tyrant, whose death in 210 B.C.E. signaled resistance to more of his rule from his son and advisors; worked to undo the regional power of the aristocrats; The First Emperor35
6256959990Qin dynastyEstablished in 221 B.C.E. at the end of the Warring States period following the decline of the Zhou dynasty; fell in 207 B.C.E.; organized China into provinces with officials owing their power to the dynasty; began on the Great Wall; started national census and finished the single basic language36
6256970070Han dynastyChinese dynasty that succeeded the Qin in 202 B.C.E.; ruled for the next 400 years; saw consolidation of Chinese civilization, est. unity and extended political control; founded most effective bureaucracy in preindustrial world37
6256982199The Zhou dynasty featured ______, while later dynasties emphasized______.decentralized politics, but important cultural innovations; order and centralization38
6256992781ZhouOriginally a vassal family of Shang China; possibly Turkic in origin; overthrew the Shang and established second historical Chinese dynasty that flourished 1122 to 256 B.C.E.39
6257017444ConfuciusAKA Kung Fuzi; major Chinese philosopher born in 6th century B.C.E.; author of "Analects"; philosophy based on need for restoration of order through advice of superior men to be found among the shi.40
6257034681Great WallChinese defensive fortification intended to keep out nomadic invaders from the north; initiated during Qin dynasty and reign of Shi Huangdi41
6257054046_____, _____, and _____ became the hallmarks of classial Chinese politicsThe power of the emperor, the development of a bureaucracy, and the expansion of state functions42
6267657475Chinese culture featured....the development of the Confucian system43
6267663889_____ and _____ complemented ConfucianismDaoism and distinctive scientific and artistic traditions44
6267680746Classical China's economy featured...extensive external trade and important technological innovations45
6267689186Classical China's family system...stressed a rigid patriarchy46
6267699460Classical Chinese civilization coordinated many aspects of...politics, culture, and even family life, a key reason the emperors ultimately encouraged Confuciansim47
6267715656BuddhaCreator of major Indian and Asian religion; born in 6th century B.C.E. as son of local ruler of Aryan tribes located near Himalayas; became an ascetic; found enlightenment under botree; taught that enlightenment could be achieved only by abandoning desires for all earhtly things48
6267737031Indian civilization was deeply influence by...geography and climate49
6267741973Centuries of _______ laid the foundation of classical Indian civilization.Aryan invasion and consolidation50
6267762746Alexander the GreatSuccessor of Philip II; successfully conquered Persian Empire prior to his death in 323 B.C.E.; attempted to combine Greek and Persian cultures51
6267771872HimalayasMountain region marking the northern border of the Indian subcontinent; site of the Aryan settlements that formed small kingdoms or warrior republics52
6267784234MonsoonsSeasonal winds crossing Indian subcontinent and southeast Asia; during summer brings rain53
6267791759AryansIndo-European nomadic pastoralists who replaced Harrapan civilization; militarized society54
6267798651SanskritThe sacred and classical Indian language55
6267801788VedasAryan hymns originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century B.C.E.56
6267823800MahabharataIndian epic of war, princely honor, love and social duty; written down in the last centuries B.C.E.; previously handed down in oral form57
6267836780RamayanaOne of the great epic tales from classical India; traces adventures of King Rama and his wife, Sita; written 4th to 2nd centuries B.C.E.58
6267850981UpanishadsLater books of the Vedas; contained sophisticated and sublime philosophical ideas; utilized by Brahmans to restore religious authority59
6267866958varnasClusters of caste groups in Aryan society; four social castes - Brahmans (priests), warriors, merchants, and peasants; beneath four Aryan castes was group of socially untouchable Dasas60
6267883903untouchablesLow social caste in Hindu culture; performed tasks that were considered polluting - street sweeping, removal of human waste, and tanning61
6267895625IndraChief deity of the Aryans; depicted as a colossal, hard-drinking warrior62
6267911687Chandragupta Maurya(r. 322-298 B.C.E) Founder of the Maurya dynasty; established first empire in Indian subcontinent; first, centralized government since Harrapan civilization63
6267922780MaurayanDynasty established in Indian subcontinent in 4th century B.C.E. following invasion by Alexander the Great64
6267935910Ashoka(r. 273-232 B.C.E.) Grandson of Chandragupta Maurya; completed conquests of Indian subcontinent; converted to Buddhism and sponsored spread of new religion throughout his empire65
6267950053dharmaThe caste position and career determined by a person's birth; Hindu culture required that one accept one's social position and perform occupation to the best of one's ability in order to have a better situation in the next life66
6267972560_______ dominated in India, which _____ on politics than other early civilizations.Local ad regional governments; placed less empahasis67
6267977997GuptasDynasty that succeeded the Kushans in the 3rd century C.E.; built empire that extended to all but the southern region of Indian subcontinent; less centralized than Mauryan empire68
6268758757Kautilya(350-275 B.C.E) Political advisor to Chandragupta Maurya; one of the authors of Arthashastra; believed in scientific application of wafare69
6268780012_______ were the religions of classical India, helping also to _______Hinduism and Buddhism; shape distinctively Indian arts and sciences70
6268809976gurusOriginally referred to as Brahmans who served as teachers for the princes of the imperial court of the Guptas71
6268822559VishnuThe Brahman, later Hindu, god of sacrifice; widely worshiped.72
6268828927ShivaHindu god of destruction and reproduction; worshiped as personification of cosmic forces of change73
6268859548ReincarnationThe successive attachment of the soul to some animate form according to merits earned in previous lives74
6268875707nirvanaThe Buddhist state of enlightenment, a state of tranquility75
6286440783KamasutraWritten by Vatsayana during Gupta era; offered instructions on all aspects of life for higher-caste males, including grooming hygiene, etiquette, selection of wives and lovemaking76
6286448083stupasStone shrines built to house pieces of bone or hair and personal possessions said to be relics of the Buddha; preserved Buddhist architectural forms77
6286455736The _____ structured India's social framework, but a strong emphasis on ______ was also importantcaste system; trade78
6286463414Family life in India combined _____ with an emphasis on _____.patriarchy; affection79
6286468403Because of its _____, India's _________ reached many parts of the ancient world.extensive trade; artistic and cultural influence80
6286474011scholar-gentryChinese class created by the marital linkage of the local land-holding aristocracy with the office-holding shi; superseded shi as governors of China81
6286483234Cyrus the GreatEstablished massive Persian Empire by 550 B.C.E.; successor state to Mesopotamian empires82
6286488281The Persians worked quickly to ______. Persia established _____.unify their vast empire; durable political and cultural traditions83
6286495511ZoroastrianismAnimist religion that saw material existence as battle between forces of good and evil; stressed the importance of moral choice; righteous lived on after death in "House of Song"; chief religion of Persian Empire84
6286506249Greek culture reached its height during the ____; it's influence spread the empire of ____.5th century B.C.E.; Alexander the Great85
6286510949Rome was deeply influenced by _____ as it developed its Republic and its Empire.Greek tradition86
6286512253Olympic GamesOne of the pan-Hellenistic rituals observed by all city-states; involved athletic competitions and ritual celebrations87
6286517761PericlesAthenian political leader during 5th century B.C.E.; guided development of Athenian Empire; died during early stages of Peloponnesian War88
6286521252Peloponnesian WarsWars from 431 to 404 B.C.E between Athens and Sparta for dominance in southern Greece; resulted in Spartan victory but failure to achieve political unification of Greece89
6286525793Philip IIRuled Macedon from 359 to 336 B.C.E.; founder of centralized kingdom; later conquered rest of Greece as a result of Macedonian conquests; often seen as the combination of Greek culture with eastern political forms90
6286531981Alexandria, EgyptOne of the cities founded by and named for Alexander the Great; site of ancient Mediterranean's greatest library; center of literary studies91
6286539653Roman republicThe balanced constitution of Rome from c. 510 to 47 B.C.E.; featured an aristocratic Senate, a panel of magistrates, and several popular assemblies92
6286546315Punic WarsFought between Rome and Carthage to establish dominance in the western Mediterranean; won by Rome after three seperate conflicts93
6286548762CarthageOriginally a Phoenician colony in northern Africa; became a major port and commercial power in western Mediterranean; fought the Punic Wars with Rome for dominance of the western Mediterranean94
6286554789HannibalGreat Carthaginian general during Second Punic War; successfully inavded Italy but failed to conquer Rome; finally defeated at Battle of Zama95
6286561196Julius CaesarRoman general responsible for conquest of Gaul; brought army back to Rome and overthrew republic; assassinated in 44 B.C.E. by conservative senators96
6286565664Augustus Caesar(63 B.C.E. - 14 C.E.) Name given to Octavian following his defeat of Mark Anthony and Cleopatra; first emperor of Rome97
6286569990DiocletianRoman emperor from 284 to 305 C.E.; restored later empire by improved administration and tax collection98
6286572965ConstantineRoman emperor from 312 to 337 C.E.; established second capital at Constantinople; attempted to use religious force of Christianity to unify empire spiritually99
6286545720Punic WarsFought between Rome and100
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AP World History Chapter 5 Flashcards

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3000903509What statements best describes the relationship between Daoism and Confucianism, as understood by Chinese elites?Daoism and Confucianism were regarded as complementary rather than contradictory.0
3000910046In the four centuries following Jesus' death, Christianityexcluded women from leadership roles in the Church1
3000913367Both the Buddha and Jesuswere transformed by their followers into gods.2
3000916011What may have played a role in the decline of Buddhism in India?Buddhism was absorbed into a reviving Hinduism3
3000918927Confucianism had a long-term effect on Chinese culture in what ways?The Confucian-based examination system allowed some social mobility for talented young men who were able to afford an education.4
3000921346What is true of the religious and philosophical traditions that developed in Eurasia in the centuries surrounding 500 B.C.EThey all sought to define a single source of order and meaning in the universe, all reacted in some way to an earlier polytheism, and all emphasized personal moral or spiritual transformation.5
3000933274What was a distinctive feature of the Greek way of thinking in the classical era?Confidence in human reason.6
3000935045The cosmic struggle between Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu lies at the heart of which religion?Zoroastrianism7
3000959564Which cultural tradition is particularly noted for its emphasis on logic and relentless questioning of received wisdom, without giving much role to the gods?Greek Philosophy8
3000961264Christianity and Zoroastrianism are similar in that bothBelieve in a savior or central figure9
3000962694Which was primarily a religion focusing on the supernatural, rather than a philosophy?Zoroastrianism10
3000968691Which systems of thought provided inspiration for the harsh reunification of China under Shi Huangdi and the Qin Dynasty?Legalism11
3000970364Buddhism and Hinduism are similar in that they bothoffered hope for final release from the cycle of rebirth.12
3000972215Zoroastrianism most probably influenced which philosophical or religious traditions?Judaism13
3000975465Which of the following classical religions and philosophies focused more on affairs of this world than on the realm of the divine and its relationship to human life?Confucianism14
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AP Literature Mini Lesson Vocab. Flashcards

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8010175308Lyric Poetrypoetry that does not necessarily tell a story, have a plot, or follow a logical progression; uses rhyme and rhythm to create an overarching tone/effect0
8010172709Epic Poetrya long, narrative poem that usually follows the life and adventures of a hero1
8010172710Dramatic Poetrypoetry that is written with the intention of being performed such as plays or songs2
8036419113Realistic fictiona fictitious account of events that would also be possible in the real world; setting is commonly a real place3
8036426501Bildungsromana novel dealing with one person's formative years or spiritual education; "coming of age" novel; character change and development is most important4
8036426502Novellaa fictional narrative prose that is longer than a short story but shorter than an actual novel5
8036477919Monologuea long speech by one character in a play or movie, or as part of a theatrical or broadcast program6
8036481209Epigrama short poem or statement, sometimes satirical, having a witty or ingenious ending7
8036527860Synecdochea figure of speech by which is a part is put for the whole, the whole for a part, the species for the genus, the genus for the species, or the name of the material for the thing made-- purpose is to reduce repetition of a word by substituting it with another word that colloquially has the same meaning8
8036533080Metonymya figure of speech consisting of the use of the name of one thing for that of another of which it is an attribute or with which it is associated-- purpose is to reduce repetition of a word by substituting it with another word that has a close meaning to the original word9
8052206906Verbal Ironywhen you say one thing but mean something else- overstatement/understatement10
8052209670Situational Ironywhen the opposite of what is expected to happen occurs11
8052209671Dramatic Ironywhen the audience is aware of something that the characters are not12
8052264390Hyperbolestatements that are exaggerated and are not meant to be taken seriously13
8052264391Understatementpresenting something as less important than it actually is14
8052270483Paradoxa self-contradictory statement that when explained may prove to be well founded or true; despite the sound and logical reasoning, the conclusion may be senseless15
8052374248Apostrophewhen a character in a literary work speaks to an object, an idea, or someone who doesn't exist as if it is a living person16
8052379080Anaphorathe repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect17
8052381616Antithesisa rhetorical device in which two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect18
8052524682In media resthe practice of beginning an epic or other narrative by plunging into a crucial situation that is part of a related chain of events; the situation is an extension of previous events and will be developed in later action. The narrative then goes directly forward, and exposition of earlier events is supplied by flashbacks19
8052603751Parenthetical observationa brief interruption during which the character or the narrator reflects on a minor point that clarifies the reader's attention20
8052654802Iambican unstressed syllable; imitates the sound of a heartbeat "So come in let it go, just let it be"21
8052654803Anapestic2 unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable "Oh say can you see, by the dawn's early light"22
8052659167Trochaica stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable "Mary had a little lamb"23
8052741110Consonancerefers to the repetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or a phrase Ex. the lint was sent with the tent24
8052757297Assonancetakes place when two or more words, close to one another repeat the same vowel sound, but start with different consonant sounds Ex. the light of the fire is a sight25
8052798531Enjambmentwhen a phrase, a clause, or a sentence in a line of poetry does not finish at the line break but continues on in the next line26
8052876116Caesurarefers to a break or pause in a line of verse Ex. to be or not to be- that is the question27
8052916756Initial Caesurawhen the pause appears at or neat the beginning of the line28
8052916757Medial Caesuramost common type of caesura, a pause in the middle of the line29
8052920598Terminal Caesuraa pause appearing at or near the end of the line30
8052961901Italian Sonnetsusually involve love; split into two parts- octave (ABBABBA) and sestet (CDECDE); the octave introduces a dilemma while the sestet comments on or provides a solution to the dilemma31
8052966358English (Shakespearean) Sonnetsdeal with philosophical problem or issue; written in iambic pentameter; rhyme scheme is ABAB CDCD EFEF GG; composed in 3 quatrains with a couplet at the end32
8054338336Coupleta pair of successive rhyming lines, usually of the same length33
8054338337Terceta poetic unit of three lines, usually rhymed34
8054341076Quatraina four-line stanza, usually rhyming35
8054341077Sesteta six-line stanza, or the final lines of a 14-line Italian or Petrarchan sonnet36
8054413179Litotesironic understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of its contrary Ex. your apartment is not unclean; you are not doing badly at all37
8054435569Periphrasisthe use of indirect and circumlocutory speech or writing Ex. As a matter of fact, the assignment in question is temporarily unavailable due to the secrecy of its location38
8054462794Cumulative structurea sentence which has the base clause at the end of a sentence; has a trailer followed by a base clause; purpose is to clarify or qualify the ideas presented by the main clause Ex. You'll love Six Flags, if you are the type of person that likes roller coasters39
8054462795Periodic structurea sentence with the base clause at the beginning of the sentence; consists of a base clause followed by a trailer; main purpose id to add variety and interest into sentences Ex. If you are the type of person that loves roller coasters, you'll love Six Flags40
8054548518Coordinationjoin dependent clauses to make a compound sentence using these coordinating conjunctions: and, but, for, nor, or, so, and yet41
8054548519Subordinationjoin independent clauses to make complex sentences using these subordinating conjunctions: after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, if only, rather than, since, that, etc.42
80546035501st person point of viewa literary style in which the narrative is told from the perspective of a narrator speaking directly about himself or herself43
80546035512nd person point of viewthe grammatical person used by the speaker referring to the one (second person singular) or ones (second person plural) to whom he or she is speaking44
80546083203rd person point of viewnarrator relates all the action of their work using a third-person pronoun such as "he" or "she"; limited and omniscient45
80546104203rd person limitedthe narrator knows the thoughts/feelings of only one character46
80546134323rd person omniscientthe narrator knows the thoughts/feelings of all characters47
8054746486Monometerone foot per line Ex. "what say?"48
8054746487Dimetertwo feet per line Ex. "The dust of snow"49
8054750877Trimeterthree feet per line Ex. "The softly breathing song"50
8054750878Tetrameterfour feet per line Ex. "Two roads diverged in a yellow wood"51
8054753396Pentameterfive feet per line Ex. "Of Englelond, to Canterbury they wende"52
8054753397Hexametersix feet per line Ex. "If hunger, proverbs say, allures the wolf from wood"53
8054755867Heptameterseven feet per line Ex. "The outlook wasn't brilliant for the Mudville nine that day"54
8054848946Footusually contains one stressed syllable and at least one unstressed syllable55
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