Flashcards
Flashcards
AP World History Essay Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 4896667417 | Umayyad organization | Favored Arabs. Jizya was a tax on non-Muslims. Non Muslims couldn't have wealth or authority. It was reserved for Arab aristocrats | 0 | |
| 4896667418 | Abbasid organization | Metropolitan. Rulers devised policies, built capitals, and organized territories. Had priests and judges | 1 | |
| 4896667419 | Umayyad achievements | Stabilized Islam. Built Damascus which kept an eye on dar al Islam and maintained communication | 2 | |
| 4896667420 | Abbasid achievements | Harun al-Rushid's reign. Baghdad became a metropolis of banks and commerce. Harun supported arts and artists | 3 | |
| 4896667421 | Umayyad challenges | Arabs just wanted luxury, scandal started occurring | 4 | |
| 4896667422 | Abbasid challenges | Civil war between al-Rushid's sons because of dispute over succession rights | 5 |
APES Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6167286369 | Divergent | Plates moving apart, seafloor spreads, mid-oceanic ridge, a new lithosphere is created. | 0 | |
| 6167293614 | Convergent | Plates collide, Continental-Continental-->creates mountains. Oceanic-oceanic--> islands are formed Continental-oceanic--> subduction zone | 1 | |
| 6167293615 | Transform | Plates slide next to each other- San Andres fault | 2 | |
| 6167296511 | What causes earthquakes? Tsunamis? | when plates slide across each other. | 3 | |
| 6167303946 | The richter scale values are logarithmic, which means every change of 1 equals 10x more intensity. What would the difference between at magnitude of 4 to 6 be? | 100 times more | 4 | |
| 6167315885 | Timeframes of geologic time from broadest to most specific: | Era--> Epoch -->Eon --> Period --> Age | 5 | |
| 6167322069 | How many extinctions have there been in Earth's history? What is the one that might be happening now? | there has been 5 major extinctions. 6th extinction is anthropogenic | 6 | |
| 6167324547 | Know which fossils are oldest if gives and diagram | Oldest fossils are deep down youngest towards the surface | 7 | |
| 6167324548 | Know how to calculate the half life | 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16 | 8 | |
| 6167326283 | How are sedimentary rocks formed | when pile of debris form together to form rock | 9 | |
| 6167327031 | How are Igneous rocks formed | magma or lava cools and forms rock | 10 | |
| 6167327032 | How are metamorphic rocks formed | heat and pressure transform one type of rock into another | 11 | |
| 6167362640 | What is limestone made of, and why is it useful when managing pH. | Calcium carbonate CaCO3 | 12 | |
| 6167363798 | Example of surface mining | Mountain top removal | 13 | |
| 6167363799 | Examples of subsurface mining | shaft/ tunnel mining | 14 | |
| 6167365774 | What is smelting? | using chemicals and or heat to separate minerals from ore. | 15 | |
| 6167365775 | What are tailings? | Waste produce of mining- "Extra" Waste rock | 16 | |
| 6177789006 | Explain the process of reclamation | Mining companies put the land back to a usable state when mining operations have been complete | 17 | |
| 6167369536 | What type of material is ultimately extracted from ore? | Copper, Iron, Aluminum | 18 | |
| 6167372668 | details of the surface mining control and reclamation act of 1977 | Enforced by the department of the Interior - bureau of Land Management - bureau of reclamation. Monitors mining operations and environmental measures. Allows for the reclamation of operation and reclamation of other mining sites from previous mining activity. | 19 | |
| 6167385357 | Know the soil horizons in order, and what each layer is composed of | Orange Apes Eat Banana Coated Rocks Organic--> A-Topsoil E-Evolution--> B-Subsoil--> C-Parent Material--> R-Bedrock | 20 | |
| 6167399311 | compare sand silt and clay in terms of size, porosity, permeability, and water retention | Biggest-->Smallest Size (Sand-->Silt-->Clay) Porosity (Sand-->Silt-->Clay) Permeability (sand-->Silt-->Clay) Water Retention (Clay-->Silt-->Sand) | 21 | |
| 6167401419 | Contour plowing | Plowing with equal elevation, Perpendicular to the flow of water | 22 | |
| 6167401420 | Strip cropping | Planting crops in strips in conjunction with crop rotation and contour plowing normally. | 23 | |
| 6167432396 | terracing | planting on steep sloops like stairs | 24 | |
| 6167432397 | crop rotation | changing what is planted one year from the next to get the most out of the soil | 25 | |
| 6167434067 | describe an old-growth forest | a forest that has never been logged. Has trees that may be 100 to 1000 years old. | 26 | |
| 6167435128 | describe a forest plantation | trees are all the same species all the same age and planted in rows for harvesting | 27 | |
| 6167436424 | compare clear-cutting and select-cutting as lumber harvesting methods | clear-cutting is removing all of the trees in an area Select-cutting is removing specific trees in an area more costly | 28 | |
| 6167454669 | List some negatives of deforestation | less CO2 removal by photosynthesis less O2 generated by photosynthesis removal of habit for animal species Increased erosion Decreased biodiversity | 29 | |
| 6167455938 | what is agroforestry? know how to do a cost-benefit analysis for this consideration | planting both trees and vegetables ($ tree income/ Unit land x total land x %tree land) + ($Vege incomve/ Unit Land x Total land x %veg land) | 30 | |
| 6167457598 | what does overgrazing do to the land | Increases erosion, increases the number of plant species cattle dont like to eat, decreases ability for grazed plants to grow back | 31 | |
| 6167459051 | what organization manages rangelands | bureau of land management | 32 | |
| 6167461491 | what are some aspects of CITY planning for sustainability | Reduced vehicles= reduce pollution increase density of housing green landscaping | 33 | |
| 6167463925 | know the differences between preservation, mitigation, remediation, and restoration. | preservation- keeping land protected the way it exists mitigation- replacing removed habitat with new habitat elsewhere remediation- cleaning up degraded habitat restoration- restoring a piece of land to a natural state | 34 | |
| 6167463926 | what are the rules of a wilderness area | only a certain number of people can be in the area No roads, buildings or vehicles allowed people can canoe, hike, fish, or hunt in area only. | 35 | |
| 6167468554 | know the differences between various types of zoning (residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural..) | Zoning- land use designations made by planning department residential- homes commercial- businesses industrial- factories agricultural- farming | 36 | |
| 6167470265 | know what LD-50 is, and how to identify it on a graph | Lethal dose where 50% of organisms tested die | 37 | |
| 6167471342 | what is the difference between LD-50 and ED-50? | LD-50: Lethal dose 50% die ED-50: Effected dose 50% have some sort of effect | 38 | |
| 6167471343 | what is the "threshold" dosage | highest dose that can be given without any adverse effects | 39 | |
| 6167473847 | what is a material safety data sheet | information that relates to a product for health and safety considerations | 40 |
Flashcards
Ap World History Vocab Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 4903419962 | Paleolithic Age | The old stone age ending in 12,000 B.C.E; typified by the use of crude stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence | 0 | |
| 4903437804 | Homo Sapiens Sapiens | The humanoid species that emerged as most successful at the end of the Paleolithic period. | 1 | |
| 4903452487 | Neolithic age | New stone age between 8,000 and 5,000 B.C.E period; in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; the domestication of plants and animals. | 2 | |
| 4903473254 | Neolithic Revolution | The succession of technological innovations and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture, 850 or 3500 B.C.E | 3 | |
| 4903490358 | Hunting and Gathering | The original human economy, ultimately eclipsed by agriculture; group hunt for meat and forage for grains, nuts, and berries | 4 | |
| 4903503641 | Çatal Hüyük | Early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern turkey; was larger than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification | 5 | |
| 4903530329 | Bronze Age | From about 4,000 B.C.E when bronze tools were first introduced in the middle east to about 1500 B.C.E, when iron began to replace it | 6 | |
| 4903530330 | Nomad | Cattle and sheep herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as "Barbarian" by civilized societies | 7 |
AP World History 2016 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 4481987704 | Non major 18th century war in Europe | Thirty years war | 0 | |
| 4481993903 | Enlightnement | Methods and questions of the scientific rev. Applied to society | 1 | |
| 4481999722 | What would John like argue | People have the right to rebellion | 2 | |
| 4482004621 | Rousseaus most radical ideas was gov. | Authority rested on consent of the people | 3 | |
| 4484676023 | Goals of monarchs such as Catherine the great of Russia & Fredrick the great I'd Persia supporting the enlightenment | Expansion of Royal authority over localism religious instatutions and the nobility | 4 | |
| 4484694222 | Napoleon's plans for European conquest were held in check by | Britain | 5 | |
| 4484697136 | Enlightenment most deeply influenced | The middle class | 6 | |
| 4484711038 | The European intellects Benjamin Franklin showed America was | A particularly helth my environment for genius | 7 | |
| 4484747521 | 18th century common people of Europe expressed outrage over | Violations of popular customs | 8 | |
| 4484754349 | What two related problems did Britain face after defeating the French In 1763 | Limiting settlement in Amerindian lands and imposing taxes | 9 | |
| 4484758809 | 1763 quebec act of 1774 were intended to | Keep colonist from taking him or Indian land by slowing settlement | 10 | |
| 4484759851 | American frontier force of the 18th century | Did not directly threaten British authority | 11 | |
| 4485167108 | British angered colonists by doing all of the following except | Prohibiting publication of inflammatory political acts | 12 | |
| 4485175022 | What 1770 event radicalizef public opinion throughout American colonies | The Boston massacre | 13 | |
| 4485184022 | 417 75 what tech ticket was not with north American settlers responded to British policies | Declaring war on Britain | 14 | |
| 4485190606 | Constitutional convention of 1787 is called the second American revolution because | The delegates pursued aside that announced purpose and in secret wrote | 15 | |
| 4485195140 | The French Revolution | Didn't create an ender form of I representative of democracy | 16 | |
| 4485203800 | How is the constitution different than the articles of Confederation | Created two house legislator's | 17 | |
| 4485206346 | Results of the French revolution King Louis the 16th was | Beheaded | 18 | |
| 4485209830 | What members of French population would have paid taxes and 1785 | Wealthy merchants | 19 | |
| 4485213384 | What didn't contribute to financial crisis that lead to French revolution | Really her to collect taxes from nobility | 20 | |
| 4485218102 | In 1787 King Louis the 16th called meeting of the states General the French national legislator because | The French really wouldn't consent to new taxes | 21 | |
| 4485222233 | What is state declared itself the national assembly | The third estate | 22 | |
| 4485224102 | Tennis court oath was | Declaration of 30 state that they wouldn't convene with the constitution | 23 | |
| 4485227889 | Due to depression hunger and highbred prices Persian crowd | Attacked Bastille | 24 | |
| 4485230965 | Persian crowd marched to Versallies it | Demanded the return of royal family to Paris | 25 | |
| 4485232494 | Declaration of the rights of man | A contract between kings and national assembly outlining certain rights | 26 | |
| 4485244968 | JacobIn members of national Conecton | Loyal to the monarchy | 27 | |
| 4485248036 | Robespierie was member of what political party | The mountain | 28 | |
| 4485251596 | Reign of terror | New calendars without Sundays | 29 | |
| 4485255852 | No Polian became Europe's first dictator because | He promised ordered two and exhausted society | 30 | |
| 4485259814 | The Polian one support of Pesantry and middle class by | Rewriting trench lie to a certain quality in law and protection against poverty | 31 | |
| 4485264507 | British defeated Napoleon's navey at the battle of | Waterloo | 32 | |
| 4485267356 | Zulu kingdom Rose because of | Internal conflicts overgrazing farmlands | 33 | |
| 4485271849 | Creation of unified kingdom in south east Africa under shsaka Zulu intended to | Quell on rest over pasturelands among tribal chiefdoms | 34 | |
| 4485277282 | Hulu succeeded in creating | New national identity | 35 | |
| 4485279343 | Can slave trade perpetuated by | Sokoto caliphate | 36 | |
| 4485283348 | Why did the slave trade | Slave revolts and humanitarian reforms | 37 | |
| 4485286398 | African wanted Europe Qian man made goods so when the slave trade ended | They could expand their legitimate trade by developing new exports | 38 | |
| 4485290455 | The most successful export from west Africa after the abolition was | Palm Oil | 39 | |
| 4485294738 | East African states referred to as secondary empires because they were | Not directly controlled by Europeans but supplied with European weapons | 40 | |
| 4485296783 | New imperialism refers to the west | Use of industrial technology to impose well anon industrial world | 41 | |
| 4485301694 | Imperialism was not new to Europeans but the period was uniquly characterized by | Spotting racism within the Western society | 42 | |
| 4485305749 | The new imperialism was most significant for | Creating a global economy of suppliers and consumers | 43 | |
| 4485311891 | The Suze canal inadvertently assisted imperialism bye | Creating lower shipping costs stimulating shipping and construction of steamships for those with that ou creating lower shipping costs stimulating shipping and construction of steamships for those with overseas trade | 44 | |
| 4485317882 | Was not a factor in starting World War I | The Monroe doctrine | 45 | |
| 4485320782 | I was work considered a good thing at the start of the 20th century | All of The above | 46 | |
| 4485324415 | The 20th century alliances pitted British French and Russian against | Any France and Austria hungry | 47 | |
| 4485326850 | What European nation least prepared for war | Russia | 48 | |
| 4485328936 | The most European nations that the war would be one bye | The fastest moving army and bold as general | 49 | |
| 4485332022 | Unique aspect of Western front was | 30 mile line of armies from Sweden into the North Sea | 50 | |
| 4485333851 | And during World War I | The workforce for the duration | 51 | |
| 4485336319 | Wartime food ration | The diet of Germans limited to 1000 cal per day | 52 | |
| 4485338148 | During World War I African-Americans in the US | Migrated north in vast numbers from the south | 53 | |
| 4485342178 | Leader of the Zionist movement | Theodore Herzl | 54 | |
| 4485344178 | Russian army during the war | Very large but poorly supported and led | 55 | |
| 4485347827 | February revolution in Russia was led by | Alexander kerknsky | 56 | |
| 4485355678 | Valdamere Lenin was the leader of | The bolsheviks | 57 | |
| 4485357180 | What wasn't included in Lennon's plan for Russia | Return to agrarian | 58 | |
| 4485365114 | The Treaty of Brest litovsk russa | Lost Territory including Portland in Finland | 59 | |
| 4485370237 | Most preferred destination for refugees after the war was | United States because they had immigration quotas | 60 | |
| 4485373791 | What wasn't an element in the Treaty of Versailles that anger Germany | --- | 61 | |
| 4485375802 | Japan had | Very few natural resources in arable land | 62 | |
| 4485381217 | What wasn't an indication of China's lack of modernization | Fear of electricity | 63 | |
| 4485382139 | 1920s women's lives | Change more than in any previous decade | 64 | |
| 4485384891 | Before 20th century what was the only nation that women had the right to vote | New Zealand | 65 | |
| 4485390759 | What transform the landscape of Western Europe and North America more than any other development | The automobile | 66 | |
| 4485397411 | How did Nazi take over Germany effects Stallons five-year plan | He intended to produce consumer goods but decided to produce arms instead | 67 | |
| 4485399185 | The height of Stalans terror of the 1930 | Millions of ordinary Soviet citizens were sent to Gulads often for no reason | 68 | |
| 4485402271 | Soviet woman | And turd jobs in clears previously closed to them | 69 | |
| 4485406114 | The stock market crash in 1929 turned into | The deepest most spread depression | 70 | |
| 4485394031 | Stalins five-year plan stress | The increase in electricity and heavy industry | 71 | |
| 4485411392 | Smoot hawley tariff was | A protective tariff on imported goods applied but the US to simulate domestic economy | 72 | |
| 4485417007 | What two countries were particularly hit hard by the depression | Japan and Germany | 73 | |
| 4485420864 | Repressuring affects anon industrial countries were uneven those hardest hit were | Those that depended on exports of raw goods | 74 | |
| 4485427173 | South African economy boom during the depression because | Depression made gold more valuable | 75 | |
| 4485430443 | What wasn't an action taken by Benito mussinio | He allowed freedom of press | 76 | |
| 4485737051 | The Zulu kingdom arose primarily because of | internal conflicts over grazing and farm land | 77 | |
| 4485745584 | the creation of a unified kingdom in southeastern Africa under Shaka Zulu was intended to | quell unrest over pastoral land among tribal cheifdoms | 78 | |
| 4485764962 | the zulu succeeded in creating a new | national identity | 79 | |
| 4485770868 | The African slave trade was perpetuated by | the sokoto caliphate | 80 | |
| 4485775017 | why did the slave trade end? | Slave revolts and humanitarian reform movements ended it | 81 | |
| 4485780008 | Africans wanted European manufactured goods, so when slave trade ended, they | expanded their legitmate trade by developing new exports | 82 | |
| 4485789481 | The most succuessul export from West Africa after abolition was | palm oil | 83 | |
| 4485792759 | Eastern Africa states are referred to as "secondary empires" because they were | not directly controlled by Europeans but were supplied with European weapons | 84 | |
| 4485798269 | Sepoys were Indian troops who? | Were hired and training to protect European companies warehouses | 85 | |
| 4485804675 | What was the British raj? | British rule of India | 86 | |
| 4485820889 | What prevented the Sepoy Rebellion in 1867 from becoming a full-scale revolution? | No sense of Indian nationalism | 87 | |
| 4485826806 | Why was the Sepoy Rebellion a turning point in the history of India? | Indian came to be ruled directly by the british government | 88 | |
| 4485867178 | The Indian National Congress initially sought more rights | by promoting ethnic and religious unity | 89 | |
| 4485873434 | A significant method of instilling nationalism was | establishing schools and universities | 90 | |
| 4485884248 | The underlying good of British imperialism in the mid-nineteenth century was to | promote British trade overseas | 91 | |
| 4485892831 | The 1st British settlers in Australia were | exiled convicts | 92 | |
| 4485899897 | Most indentured servants left their homes because they | hoped to better their economic and social position | 93 | |
| 4485938985 | Which of the following was not among the earliest reforms of the Ottoman empire? | Implementation of laws to protect women and children to protect women and children from abuse and abandonment | 94 | |
| 4485951590 | The most persistent opponents of early ottoman reforms were the | Janissary | 95 | |
| 4485955338 | the war for Greek independence resulted in the | defeat of the ottomans by combining Russia, British, and french fleets | 96 | |
| 4485961220 | After the war for greek Independence, Muhammand II | reconstructed for the bureaucracy , edu, and laws | 97 | |
| 4485970101 | The Tanzimat proclamations | called for public trials and equal protection under thr law | 98 | |
| 4485973620 | the root cause of the crimsean war was | russia's desire to expand south for naval access to the med. sea | 99 | |
| 4485979572 | the significance of the crimean war was that it | marked the transition to modern warfare w/ the use of the breech-loading riffles | 100 | |
| 4485985827 | the russian gov. viewed industrilization | w/ limited interest, preferring to import industrial goods | 101 | |
| 4485995575 | the process of modernization in russia in the 19th century was accomplished more smoothly than in the ottoman empire ecause | all of these | 102 | |
| 4486001181 | intellectual pressing for reform in russia wanted alll of the following except | college edu for womenq | 103 | |
| 4486010300 | when britain was unable to obtain enough tea to meet its demand and china did not import enough British goods, the British responded by | starting the illicit trade of opium | 104 | |
| 4486014932 | when the qing banned the importation of opium, the British | sent naval and marine forces to China | 105 | |
| 4486021028 | Which of the fololwing was not a result of the treaty of nanking | china was able to retain its protective tariffs to protect the fledgling industries | 106 | |
| 4486035879 | the stresses that led to the taiping rebellion in the Guangxi region was initially a result of | social unhappiness and foreign intrusion | 107 | |
| 4486042725 | the founder of the Taiping ( great place) movement, Hong Xiqua, | was inspired by Christianity | 108 | |
| 4486045522 | women in the taiping rebellion were | organized into military brigades | 109 | |
| 4489955218 | What contributed to agricultural revolution | The potato | 110 | |
| 4489977104 | Why didn't British get a head start during the industrial revolution | Recovering from the plague faster than the rest of Europe | 111 | |
| 4490601775 | The slogan repeated in fascist Italy was | Il Duce (the leader) is always right" | 112 | |
| 4490605680 | What did adolf hitler write while in jail in the 1920s? | Meim kampf | 113 | |
| 4490610010 | Hitler's master rafe reserved intense hatred for | Jews | 114 | |
| 4490611953 | Hitlers goal for germany included all of the following except | To divide the western world from the eastern by a tripartite pact w/ japan | 115 | |
| 4490621131 | Hitlers popularity came in a large part from the german ppls belief thag | Economic well being outweighted a loss of liberty | 116 | |
| 4490625327 | In 1935, mussolini took advantage of thenweakness of thenwestern democracies and | Invaded ethiopia | 117 | |
| 4490652410 | Many japanese nationalist thiught yhat the answer to the depression was to | Have japanese colonies | 118 | |
| 4490660033 | Which of the following wasnt among Mao zedong polices towards women | He pit women in leadership positions | 119 | |
| 4490667588 | The german blotzkrieg meant, literally | Lightning war | 120 | |
| 4490667589 | The battle of britian was conducted primarily by | Air attacks | 121 | |
| 4490672230 | The prime motivation for the japanse invadion was south east asia was | Its abundant oil and rubber production | 122 | |
| 4490686290 | On dec 7th 1941 | Japanses planes bomved the us navel base at pearl harbor | 123 | |
| 4490694377 | The finalbdefeat of japan took longer then victory ober germany in large part b/c | The us had concentrated its efforts on getmany | 124 | |
| 4490698351 | The end of the war in the pacific areana was controverial because of | The US use of atomic bombs om hiroshima and nahasaki | 125 | |
| 4490709558 | Which of the flowing scientific and technological innocatiom were not spurred by WW2? | Machine guns | 126 | |
| 4490718990 | The holocaust is estimaed to have killed ______ Jews | 6 million | 127 | |
| 4490724130 | Which group was NOT murdered by the nais in the intrest of "racial purity"? | Aryans | 128 | |
| 4490725978 | Which of the following was jot a result of increaed US production during WW2? | The economic preformed at a minimal level | 129 | |
| 4490732194 | One of the most significant long-lasting consequences of WW2 in the US was the | Recruitment of women and minorites into the labor force | 130 |
Flashcards
AP Literature Poetry Vocabulary Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6676003162 | accent | a syllable given more prominence in pronunciation than its neighbors is said to be accented | 0 | |
| 6676188530 | allegory | a narrative or description having a second meaning beneath the surface one | 1 | |
| 6676013553 | alliteration | the repetition at closed intervals of the initial consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words (for example, map - moon, kill - code - preach - approve). Important words and accented syllables beginning with vowels may also be said to alliterate with each other inasmuch as they all have the same lack of an initial consonant sound (for example, "Inebriate of Air - am I") | 2 | |
| 6676034001 | allusion | a reference, explicit or implicit, to something in literature or history | 3 | |
| 6676192923 | anapest | a metrical foot consisting of two unaccented syllables followed by one accented syllable (for example, un-der-stand) | 4 | |
| 6676199323 | anapest meter | a meter in which a majority of the feet are anapests | 5 | |
| 6676037220 | anaphora | repetition of an opening word or phrase in a series of lines | 6 | |
| 6676040518 | apostrophe | a figure of speech in which someone absent or dead or something nonhuman is addressed as if it were alive and present and could reply | 7 | |
| 6676046129 | approximate rhyme (also known as imperfect rhyme, near rhyme, slant rhyme, or oblique rhyme) | a term used for words in a rhyming pattern that have some kind of sound correspondence but are not perfect rhymes (for example, love and prove) | 8 | |
| 6676059356 | assonance | the repetition at close intervals of the vowel sound of accented syllables or important words (for example, hat - ran - amber, vein - made) | 9 | |
| 6676070564 | aubade | a poem about dawn; a morning love song; or a poem about the parting of lovers at dawn | 10 | |
| 6676205121 | ballad | a fairly short narrative poem written in a songlike stanza form. Examples: "Ballad of Birmingham" or "Edward" or "La Belle Dame san Merci" | 11 | |
| 6676074938 | blank verse | unrhymed iambic pentameter | 12 | |
| 6676079618 | cacophony | a harsh, discordant, unpleasant-sounding choice and arrangement of sounds | 13 | |
| 6676083809 | caesura | a speech pause occurirng within a line | 14 | |
| 6676220695 | connotation | what a word suggests beyond its basic definition; a word's overtones of meaning | 15 | |
| 6676225431 | consonance | the repetition at close intervals of the final consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words (for example, book - plaque - thicker) | 16 | |
| 6676233992 | continuous form | that form of a poem in which the lines follow each other without formal grouping, the only breaks being dictated by units of meaning | 17 | |
| 6676240226 | couplet | two successive lines, usually in the same meter, linked by rhyme | 18 | |
| 6676245060 | dactyl | a metrical foot consisting of one accented syllable followed by two unaccented syllables (for example, mer-ri-ly) | 19 | |
| 6676251621 | dactyl meter | a meter in which a majority of the feet are dactyles | 20 | |
| 6676258403 | denotation | the basic definition or dictionary meaning of a word | 21 | |
| 6676096161 | didactic poetry | poetry having as a primary purpose to teach or preach | 22 | |
| 6676267529 | dimeter | a metrical line containing two feet | 23 | |
| 6676270647 | double rhyme | a rhyme in which the repeated vowel is in the second last syllable of the words involved (for example, politely - rightly - spritely); one form of feminine rhyme | 24 | |
| 6676282968 | dramatic framework | the situation, whether actual or fictional, realistic or fanciful, in which an author places his or her characters in order to express the theme | 25 | |
| 6676294425 | dramatic irony | see irony | 26 | |
| 6676297045 | duple meter | a meter in which a majority of the feet contain two syllables | 27 | |
| 6676299912 | end rhyme | rhymes that occur at the ends of the lines | 28 | |
| 6676306580 | end-stopped-line | a line that ends with a natural speech pause, usually marked by punctuation | 29 | |
| 6676318593 | English (or Shakespearean or Elizabethan) sonnet | a sonnet rhyming ababcdcdefefgg. Its content or structure ideally parallels the rhyme scheme, falling into three coordinate quatrains and a concluding couplet; but it is often structured, like the Italian sonnet, into octave and sestet, the principal break in thought coming at the end of the eighth line | 30 | |
| 6676090978 | euphony | a smooth, pleasant-sounding choice and arrangement of sounds | 31 | |
| 6676342179 | expected rhythm | the rhythmic expectation set up by the basic meter of a poem | 32 | |
| 6676348208 | extended figure (also known as sustained figure) | a figure of speech (usually metaphor, simile, or personification, or apostrophe) sustained or developed through a considerable number of lines or through a whole poem | 33 | |
| 6676361499 | extra-metrical syllables | in metrical verse, extra unaccented syllables added at the beginnings or endings of lines; these may be either a feature of the metrical form of a poem or occur as exceptions to the form. In iambic lines, they occur at the end of the line; in trochaic, at the beginning | 34 | |
| 6676378573 | feminine rhyme | a rhyme in which the repeated accented vowel is in either the second or third last syllable of the words involved (for example, ceiling - appealing, hurrying - scurrying) | 35 | |
| 6676387793 | figurative language | language employing figures of speech; language that cannot be taken literally or only literally | 36 | |
| 6676393389 | fixed form | any form of poem in which the length and pattern are prescribed by previous usage or tradition, such as sonnet, limerick, villanelle, and so on | 37 | |
| 6676403618 | folk ballad | a narrative poem designed to be sung, composed by an anonymous author, and transmitted orally for years or generations before being written down. It has usually undergone modification through the process of oral transmission | 38 | |
| 6676414393 | foot | the basic unit used in the scansion or measurement of metrical verse. A foot usually contains once accented syllable and one or two unaccented syllables | 39 | |
| 6676421260 | form | the external pattern or shape of a poem, describable without reference to content, as continuous form, stanzaic form, fixed form, free verse, and syllabic verse | 40 | |
| 6676100790 | free verse | non-metrical poetry in which the basic rhythmic unit is the line, and in which pauses, line breaks, and formal patterns develop organically from the requirements of the individual poem rather than from established poetic forms | 41 | |
| 6676437221 | grammatical pause (also known as caesura) | a pause introduced into the reading of a line by a mark of punctuation | 42 | |
| 6676440373 | heard rhythm | the actual rhythm of a metrical poem as we hear it when it is read naturally. The heard rhythm mostly conforms to but sometimes departs from or modifies the expected rhythm | 43 | |
| 6676449352 | hexameter | a metrical line containing six feet | 44 | |
| 6676454349 | hyperbole | see overstatement | 45 | |
| 6676454350 | iamb | a metrical foot consisting of one unaccented syllable followed by one accented syllable (for example, re-hearse) | 46 | |
| 6676462689 | iambic meter | a meter in which the majority of feet are iambs. The most common English meter | 47 | |
| 6676116003 | internal rhyme | a rhyme in which one or both of the rhyme words occur(s) within the line | 48 | |
| 6676466878 | irony | a situation, or use of language, involving some kind of incongruity or discrepancy | 49 | |
| 6676124873 | Italian (or Petrachan) sonnet | a sonnet consisting of an octave rhyming abbaabba and of a sestet using any arrangement of two or three additional rhymes, such as cdcdcd or cdecde | 50 | |
| 6676473717 | limerick | a fixed form consisting of five lines of anapestic meter, the first two trimeter, the next two dimeter, the last line trimeter, rhyming aabba; used exclusively for humorous or nonsense verse | 51 | |
| 6676137736 | masculine rhyme (also known as single rhyme) | a rhyme in which the repeated accented vowel sound is the final syllable of the words involved (for example, dance - pants, scald - recalled) | 52 | |
| 6676486188 | metaphor | a figure of speech in which an implicit comparison is made between two things essentially unlike. It may take one of four forms: (1) that in which the literal term and the figurative term are both named; (2) that in which the literal term is named and the figurative term implied; (3) that in which the literal term is implied and the figurative term named; (4) that in which both the literal and figurative term are implied | 53 | |
| 6676149287 | meter | the regular patterns of accent that underlie metrical verse; the measurable repetition of accented and unaccented syllables in poetry | 54 | |
| 6676154933 | metonymy | a figure of speech in which some significant aspect of detail of an experience is used to represent the whole experience (the use of something closely related for the thing actually meant) | 55 | |
| 6676514698 | metrical variations | departures from the basic metrical pattern | 56 | |
| 6676517112 | monometer | a metrical line containing one foot | 57 | |
| 6676519614 | octave | (1) an eight-line stanza. (2) the first eight lines of a sonnet, especially one structured in the manner of an Italian sonnet | 58 | |
| 6676530255 | onomatopoeia | the use of words that supposedly mimic their meaning in their sound (for example, boom, click, plop) | 59 | |
| 6676538224 | onomatopoetic language | language employing onomatopoeia | 60 | |
| 6676543083 | overstatement (or hyperbole) | a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used in the service of truth | 61 | |
| 6676548345 | oxymoron | a compact paradox in which two successive words seemingly contradict each other | 62 | |
| 6676554791 | paradox | a statement or situation containing apparently contradictory or incompatible elements | 63 | |
| 6676564316 | paradoxical situation | a situation containing apparently but not actually incompatible elements. The celebration of a fifth birthday anniversary by a twenty-year-old man is paradoxical but explainable if the man was born on February 29. The Christian doctrines that Christ was born of a virgin and is both God and man are, for Christian believer, paradoxes (that is, apparently impossible but true) | 64 | |
| 6676564317 | paradoxical statement | a figure of speech in which an apparently self-contradictory statement is nevertheless found to be true | 65 | |
| 6676564318 | paraphrase | a restatement of the content of a poem designed to make its prose meaning as clear as possible | 66 | |
| 6676823524 | pastoral | a poem dealing with shepherds and rural life | 67 | |
| 6676566988 | pentameter | a metrical line containing five feet | 68 | |
| 6676569357 | personification | a figure of speech in which human attributes are given to an animal, an object, or a concept | 69 | |
| 6676571849 | Petrarchan sonnet | see Italian sonnet | 70 | |
| 6676620398 | phonetic intensive | a word whose sound, by an obscure process, to some degree suggests its meaning. As differentiated from onomatopoetic words, the meaning of phonetic intensives do not refer explicitly to sounds | 71 | |
| 6676632538 | prose meaning | that part of a poem's total meaning that can be separated out and expressed through paraphrase | 72 | |
| 6676638185 | quatrain | (1) a four-line stanza. (2) a four-line division of a sonnet marked off by its rhyme scheme | 73 | |
| 6676644683 | refrain | a repeated word, phrase, line, or group of lines, normally at some fixed position in a poem written in stanzaic form | 74 | |
| 6676649508 | rhetorical pause (also known as caesura) | a natural pause, unmarked by punctuation, introduced into the reading of a line by its phrasing or syntax | 75 | |
| 6676659586 | rhetorical poetry | poetry using artificially eloquent language; that is, language too high-flown for its occasion and unfaithful to the full complexity of human experience | 76 | |
| 6676668773 | rhetorical stress | in natural speech, as in prose and poetic writing, the stressing of words or syllables so as to emphasize the meaning and sentence structure | 77 | |
| 6676676105 | rhythm | any wavelike recurrence of motion or sound | 78 | |
| 6676680831 | rhyme | the repetition of the accented vowel and all succeeding sounds in important or importantly positioned words (for example, old - cold, vane - reign, court - report, order - recorder). The above definition applies to perfect rhyme and assumes that the accented vowel sounds involved are preceded by differing consonant sounds. If the preceding consonant sound is the same (for example, manse - romance, style - stile), or if there is no preceding consonant sound in either word (for example, aisle - isle, alter - altar), or if the same word is repeated in the rhyming position (for example, hill - hill), the words are called identical rhymes. | 79 | |
| 6676722831 | rhyme scheme | any fixed pattern of rhymes characterizing a whole poem or its stanza | 80 | |
| 6676726330 | run-on-line | a line which has no natural speech pause at its end, allowing the sense to flow uninterruptedly into the succeeding lilne | 81 | |
| 6676733278 | sarcasm | bitter or cutting speech; speech intended by its speaker to give pain to the person addressed | 82 | |
| 6676744158 | satire | a kind of literature that ridicules human folly or vice with the ostensible purpose of bringing about reform or of keeping others from falling into similar folly or vice | 83 | |
| 6676751145 | scansion | the process of measuring metrical verse, that is, of marking accented and unaccented syllables, dividing the lines into feet, identifying the metrical pattern, and noting significant variations from that pattern | 84 | |
| 6676763101 | sentimental poetry | poetry that attempts to manipulate the reader's emotions in order to achieve a greater emotional response than the poem itself really warrants (a sentimental novel or film is sometimes called, pejoratively, a "tear-jerker") | 85 | |
| 6676774637 | sestet | (1) a six-line stanza. (2) the last six lines of a sonnet structured on the Italian sonnet | 86 | |
| 6676784615 | Shakespearean sonnet | see English sonnet | 87 | |
| 6676784616 | simile | a figure of speech in which an explicit comparison is made between two things essentially unlike. The comparison is made explicit by the use of some such word or phases as like, as, than, similar to, resembles, or seems | 88 | |
| 6676796965 | single rhyme | see masculine rhyme | 89 | |
| 6676802302 | situational irony | see irony | 90 | |
| 6676830782 | sonnet | a fixed form of fourteen lines, normally iambic pentameter, with a rhyme scheme conforming to or approximating one of two main types - the Italian or the English | 91 | |
| 6676844243 | spondee | a metrical foot consisting of two syllables equally or almost equally accented (for example, true - blue) | 92 | |
| 6676850465 | stanza | a group of lines whose metrical pattern (and usually its rhyme scheme as well) is repeated throughout a poem | 93 | |
| 6676861332 | stanzaic form | the form taken on by a poem when it is written in a series of units having the same number of lines and usually other characteristics in common, such as metrical pattern or rhyme scheme | 94 | |
| 6676873110 | stress | same as an accent | 95 | |
| 6676876214 | structure | the internal organization of a poem's content | 96 | |
| 6676878701 | substitution | in metrical verse, the replacement of the expected metrical foot by a different one (for example, a trochee occurring during an iambic line) | 97 | |
| 6676887760 | sustained figure | see extended figure | 98 | |
| 6676890089 | syllabic verse | verse measured by the number of syllables rather than the number of feet per line | 99 | |
| 6676894699 | symbol | a figure of speech in which something (object, person, situation, or action) means more than what it is. A symbol, in other words, may be read both literally and metaphorically | 100 | |
| 6676167615 | synecdoche | a figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole (the use of the part for the whole) | 101 | |
| 6676903744 | synesthesia | presentation of one sense experience in terms usually associated with another sensation | 102 | |
| 6676909298 | tercet | a three-line stanza exhibited in terza rima and villanelle as well as in other poetic forms | 103 | |
| 6676915978 | terza rima | an interlocking rhyme scheme with the pattern aba bcb cdc, etc. | 104 | |
| 6676921438 | tetrameter | a metrical line containing five feet | 105 | |
| 6676924214 | theme | the central idea of a literary work | 106 | |
| 6676927551 | tone | the writer's or speaker's attitude toward the subject, the audience, or herself or himself; the emotional coloring, or emotional meaning, of a work | 107 | |
| 6676936552 | total meaning | the total experience communicated by a poem. It includes all those dimensions of experience by which a poem communicates - sensuous, emotional, imaginative, and intellectual - and it can be communicated in no other words than those of the poem itself | 108 | |
| 6676936553 | trimeter | a metrical line containing three feet | 109 | |
| 6676938310 | triple meter | a meter in which a majority of the feet contain three syllables. (Actually, if more than 25 percent of the feet in a poem are triple, its effect is more triple than duple, and it ought to perhaps be referred to as triple meter.) Anapestic and dactylic are both triple meters | 110 | |
| 6676938311 | trochaic meter | a meter in which the majority of the feet are trochees | 111 | |
| 6676940629 | trochee | a metrical foot consisting of one accented syllable followed by one unaccented syllable (for example, bar-ter) | 112 | |
| 6676940630 | truncation | in metric verse, the omission of an unaccented syllable at either end of a line | 113 | |
| 6676940631 | understatement | a figure of speech that consists of saying less than one means, or of saying what one means with less force than the occasion warrants | 114 | |
| 6676942409 | verbal irony | see irony | 115 | |
| 6676942410 | verse | metrical language; the opposite of prose | 116 | |
| 6676944883 | villanelee | a nineteen-line fixed form consisting of five tercets rhymed aba and a concluding quatrain rhymed abaa, with lines 1 and 3 of the first tercet serving as refrains in alternating the pattern through line 15 and then repeated as lines 18 and 19 | 117 |
Pages
Need Help?
We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.
For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.
If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.
Need Notes?
While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!
