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AP World History - Period 3 Flashcards

The Post-Classical World, 500-1450

6770202763	Mecca	Arabian commercial center; the home of Muhammad and the center of Islam	0
6770202764	Umayyad	clan of the Quraysh that dominated Mecca; later an Islamic dynasty	1
6770202765	Muhammad	prophet of Allah; founder of Islam	2
6770202766	Qur'an	the holy book of Islam	3
6770202767	Five Pillars	the obligatory religious duties for all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)	4
6770202768	Caliph	head of the Islamic community	5
6770202769	Abbasids	dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads in 750; their capital was at Baghdad	6
6770202770	Crusades	invasions of western Christians into Muslim lands, especially Palestine; captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms enduring until 1291	7
6770202771	Sufis	Islamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions	8
6770202772	Mongols	central Asian nomadic peoples; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph	9
6770202773	Chinggis or Ghengis Khan	Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms	10
6770202774	Mansa	title of the ruler of Mali	11
6770202775	Ibn Battuta	Arab traveler throughout the Muslim world	12
6770202776	Songhay Empire	successor state to Mali;part of the Trans-Saharan Gold and Salt Trade	13
6770202777	Iconoclasm	the breaking of images; religious controversy of the 8th c; Byzantine emperor attempted to stop the use of images in the Christian Church	14
6770202778	Middle Ages	the period in western European history between the fall of Roman Empire and the 15th c	15
6770202779	Vikings	seagoing Scandinavian raiders who disrupted coastal areas of Europe from the 8th to 11th c; pushed across the Atlantic to Iceland, Greenland, and North America; formed permanent territories in Normandy and Sicily	16
6770202780	Serfs	peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial or feudal system	17
6770202781	Charlemagne	Carolingian monarch who established Frank empire in France and Germany circa 800	18
6770202782	Feudalism	personal relationship during the Middle Ages by which greater lords provided land to lesser lords in return for military service	19
6770202783	Vassals	members of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty	20
6770202784	Black Death	bubonic plague that struck Europe in the 14th c; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure; decimated populations in Asia	21
6770202785	Grand Canal	great canal system begun by Yangdi; joined Northern and Southern China by connecting the Yellow River region to the Yangtze basin	22
6770202786	Footbinding	male imposed practice to mutilate women's feet in order to reduce size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to the household; seen a beautiful to the elite.	23
6770202787	Fujiwara	mid-9th c Japanese aristocratic family; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power	24
6770202788	Samurai	in Feudal Japan, these were mounted troops; loyal to local lords, not the emperor	25
6770202789	Seppuku	ritual suicide in Japan; also known as hari-kiri; demonstrated courage and was a means to restore family honor	26
6770202790	Shoguns	military leaders in Feudal Japan	27
6770202791	Chinggis Khan	born in 1170s; elected supreme Mongol ruler (khagan) in 1206; began the Mongols rise to world power; died 1227	28
6770202792	Kubilai Khan	grandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 1271	29
6770202793	Muhammad's primary historical achievement	spread of Islam	30
6770202794	Silk Road Trade system		31
6770202795	Kingdom of Mali		32
6770202796	Inca and Rome both had	extensive road systems	33
6770202797	Champa Rice	drought resistant crop, a gift from Vietnam to China, led to population increase	34
6770202798	Trans Saharan trade	Made possible by domestication of hte camel, it was later Dominated by Muslims in 13th century after rise of Islamic caliphates.	35
6770202799	Black Death	plague that originated with Mongols in Asia, led to mass population decrease in Europe, later weakened faith in Christian church and increased the power of serfs/peasants. Led partly to fall of Feudal structures in Europe.	36
6770202800	Indian Ocean Trade System		37
6770202801	Timbuktu	trade center of Mali, cosmopolitan city that saw the blending of many different cultures and people	38
6770202802	footbinding	began during Tang/Song era, demonstrates objectification and oppression of women, abolished during Yuan and brought back during Ming	39
6770202803	Marco Polo	traveler/merchant from Europe who spend 17 years at court of Kublai Khan	40