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AP World History: Ancient World Flashcards

First set of words in the AP World History book by the Princeton Review.

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6775450479AgricultureThe deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.0
6775450480Agrarianpertaining to land or its cultivation; Ex. agrarian reform, agrarian society1
6775450481Bands/ Clansextended family groups that generally lived together2
6775450482Barbarianwithout civilizing influences3
6775450483Bureaucracysystem of managing government through departments run by appointed officials (not elected)4
6775450484Civilizationa society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)5
6775450485City-Statesdifferent sections of land owned by the same country but ruled by different rulers (e.g. Greece)6
6775450486Classicalof or characteristic of a form or system felt to be of first significance before modern times7
6775450487Domesticationprocess of changing plants or animals to make them more useful to humans8
6775450488Economysystem by which goods and services are produced and distributed to meet people's needs9
6775450489Egalitariana person who believes in the equality of all people10
6775450490Emperorsupreme ruler of an empire11
6775450491Empiremany territories, countries, or peoples controlled by one government (also just any territory ruled by an emperor)12
6775450492Feudalisma political system and a social system where by a powerful lord would offer "protection" in return for "service"13
6775450493Foragingthe process of scavenging for food14
6775450494Hierarchya series of ordered groupings of people or things within a system15
6775450495HierarchicalOf, relating to, or arranged in a hierarchy16
6775450496Hunter-GathererA hunter-gatherer society is one whose primary subsistence method involves the direct procurement of edible plants and animals from the wild, foraging and hunting without significant recourse to the domestication of either plants nor animals17
6775450497Irrigationsupplying dry land with water by means of ditches, sprinklers, etc.18
6775450498Monarchya government in which power is in the hands of a single person who usually inherits their power19
6775450499Monotheismbelief in a single God20
6775450500NeolithicThe New Stone Age from circa 8500 to 4500 BCE: The period of the Stone Age associated with the ancient Agricultural Revolution(s)21
6775450501Nomadic(of groups of people) tending to travel and change settlements frequently22
6775450502Pastoralrelating to shepherds or herdsmen or devoted to raising sheep or cattle (e.g. pastoral peoples)23
6775450503PaleolithicThe Old Stone Age from circa 750,00 to 500,000 years BCE to 8,500 years BCE: The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans and the development of minor tools24
6775450504Philosophythe rational investigation of questions about existence, knowledge, and ethics25
6775450505Polytheismbelief in multiple Gods26
6775450506River Valleythe fertile land surrounding a river- the first civilizations arose near them27
6775450507Sedentaryremaining in one place28
6775450508Settlementthe act of colonizing or a small group of people in a sedentary position29
6775450509Subsistencethe necessities of life, the resources of survival30
6775450510Surplusa quantity much larger than is needed31
6775450511Sustenancethe act of sustaining life by food or providing a means of subsistence32
6775450512Theocracygovernment run by religious leaders33
6775450513Traditionalconsisting of or derived from tradition; customary practices34
6775450514Urbanizationthe social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban35
6775450515Vassalslesser lords who pledged their service and loyalty to a greater lord -- in a military capacity36
6775450516Alexander the Greatking of Macedon, conqueror of Greece, Egypt, and Persia; founder of Alexandria (356-323 BC)37
6775450517Analects of Confucius"something that is repeated" - a collection of Confucius' famous sayings38
6775450518Bronze Agea period between the Stone and Iron ages, characterized by the manufacture and use of bronze tools and weapons39
6775450519Calendara system of timekeeping that defines the beginning and length and divisions of the year40
6775450520Code of Hammurabithe set of laws drawn up by Babylonian king Hammurabi dating to the 18th century BC, the earliest legal code known in its entirety41
6775450521CuneiformOne of the first written languages known: A system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables. It originated in Mesopotamia and was used initially for Sumerian and Akkadian but later was adapted to represent other languages of western Asia.42
6775450522Democracya political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them43
6775450523Eight Fold PathEight steps to end suffering and attain enlightenment according to Buddhist tradition.44
6775450524Four Noble Truthsas taught by the Buddha, the four basic beliefs that form the foundation of Buddhism45
6775450525Gothic MigrationsThe Migration period, also called the Barbarian Invasions or German: Völkerwanderung (wandering of the peoples), was a period of human migration that occurred roughly between the years 300 to 700 CE in Europe, marking the transition from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages. These movements were catalyzed by profound changes within both the Roman Empire and the so-called 'barbarian frontier'. Migrating peoples during this period included the Goths, Vandals, Bulgars, Alans, Suebi, Frisians, and Franks, among other Germanic and Slavic tribes.46
6775450526Great Walla fortification 1,500 miles long built across northern China in the 3rd century BC47
6775450527Han Dynastyimperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time from 206 BC to AD 220) and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy48
6775450528HellenismThe ideals and principles that spread from Greece through much of the ancient world. Much of its influence such as philosophy, athletics, and architecture penetrated the Middle East.49
6775450529The HunsFierce warriors from Central Asia- First invaded southeastern Europe and then launched raids on nearby kingdoms50
6775450530Indian Ocean Tradeconnected to Europe, Africa, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion.51
6775450531Iron Agethe period following the Bronze Age; characterized by rapid spread of iron tools and weapons52
6775450532Jewish DiasporaA "scattering" of the Jewish people53
6775450533LegalismIn Chinese history, Legalism was one of the main philosophic currents during the Warring States Period- A philosophy of focusing on the text of written law to the exclusion of the intent of law, elevating strict adherence to law over justice, mercy and common sense54
6775450534Pax RomanaA period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180.55
6775450535PyramidsHuge stone tombs with four triangle-shaped walls that met in a point on top56
6775450536Roman RepublicThe period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate.57
6775450537Roman Senatea council of wealthy and powerful Romans that advised the city's leaders58
6775450538Shang CivilizationChina's first dynasty almost 2000 BCE59
6775450539Shi Huang Diharsh ruler who united China for the first time and used legalism in ruling (Qin China)60
6775450540Siddhartha Gautamafounder of Buddhism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; also know as Buddha61
6775450541Silk Road TradeThe most famous of the trading routes established by pastoral nomads connecting the Chinese, Indian, Persian, and Mediterranean civilizations; transmitted goods and ideas among civilization.62
6775450542The Torahthe most sacred text of Judaism63
6775450543The Vedas of HinduismAryan hymns originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century B.C.E.64
6775450544Zigguratsa temple or tomb of the ancient Assyrians, Sumerians, or Babylonians, having the form of a terraced pyramid of successively receding stories65
6775450545ChristianityMonotheistic religion born out of Judaism, preached by Jesus of Nazareth and later codified by his disciples. Persecuted by Romans early on; however, gained support under Constantine in the Rome.66
6775450546Buddhismoriginally preached by Siddhartha and codified by his disciples into the sutras. Rejected Vedic rituals and the caste system. Spread throughout SE Asia and China and split into Mahayana(Buddha as a God, local gods tacked on as Bodhisativas) and Theravada(original, strict non-theistic version).67
6775450547AsokaThird ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India (r. 270-232 B.C.E.). He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing.68
6775450548HinduismTerm for a wide variety of beliefs and ritual practices that have developed in the Indian subcontinent since antiquity. It has roots in ancient Vedic, Buddhist, and south Indian religious concepts and practices.69
6775450549Trans Saharanroute across the sahara desert. Major trade route that traded for gold and salt, created caravan routes, economic benefit for controlling dessert, camels played a huge role in the trading70
6775450550MonsoonsMajor winds in the Indian Ocean that blew into India for half the year, and blew away from India for the other half. Helped facilitate trade in the Indian Ocean.71
6775450551Sumerianspeople who dominated Southern Mesopotamia through the end of the 3rd Millennium BCE. Responsible for the creation of irrigation technology, cuneiform, and religious conceptions.72
6775450552Indo-EuropeansGroups of people who came from the area north of the Caucasus mountains, which are between the Black and Caspian seas. Herded multiple animals. Rode into battle on chariots. The Indo-European language of Sanskrit, by the Aryans, are the basis of many languages today. Often accepted and adapted aspects of technology, religions, and social order of those with whom they came in contact.73
6775450553Before agriculture, men and women are believed to have a greater degree of equality. But after the rise of agriculture, most human societies became ________ as a result of greater male strength.Patriarchal74
6775450554caste systema set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society, there was virtually no social mobility75
6775450555Paleolithic(Old Stone Age) a long period of human development before the development of agriculture76
6775450556CarthageThis city has existed for nearly 3,000 years, developing from a Phoenician colony of the 1st millennium BC into the capital of the Carthaginian Empire. Controlled commerce in the Mediterranean prior to the rise of Roman Power. The expanding Roman Republic took control of many of its outposts after the two Punic Wars.77
6775450557HellenizationThe spread of Greek language and culture (Hellenism) throughout the Mediterranean, starting with t he conquests of Alexander the Great. Upon Alexander's death at the age of thirty-three (323 B.C.E.), his realm was divided among his leading generals. During their reigns and those of their successors, Hellenism (i.e., Greek culture) continued to flourish in major urban centers around the eastern Mediterranean (less so in rural areas). People traveling to different areas could communicate with people of other kingdoms through Greek. More than at any time in previous history, the eastern Mediterranean that emerged in Alexander's wake experienced a form of cultural unity and cosmopolitanism (a "cosmopolite" is a "citizen of the world," as opposed to a person who belongs to only one locality). The Roman Empire arose in the context of the Hellenistic world and took full advantage of its unity, promoting the use of Greek language, accepting aspects of Greek culture, and even taking over features of the Greek religion, to the point that the Greek and Roman gods came to be thought of as the same, only with different names. This complex unity achieved culturally through Hellenization and politically through the conquests of Rome is summed up by the term Greco-Roman world.78
6775450558DaoismChinese religion that believes the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from 'the way' or 'path' of nature.79
6775450559Bureaucratgovernment official80
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Ap Literature terms to knos Flashcards

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5554935418Alliteration: the repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of each or most of the words in a sentence. Ex: anxious ants avoid the anteater0
5554942012Assonance: a "vowel rhyme". The repetition of a pattern of similar sounds within a sentence1
5554946762Blank verseA literary device defined as un-rhyming verse written in iambic pentameter. In poetry and prose, it has a consistent meter with 10 syllables in each line; where, unstressed syllables are followed by stressed ones and five of which are stressed but do not rhyme.2
5554954376CacophonyThe use of words with sharp, harsh, hissing and unmelodious sounds primarily those of consonants to achieve desired results3
5554961537EuphonyPleasing to the ear4
5554968463CaesuraEveryone speaks and everyone breathes too. While speaking, everyone breaths. Ex: "Maria has taken breaks." you take a breath before saying: "But Adam did not." It is pauses that create a rhythm5
5554975424ConceitA figure of speech in which two vastly different objects are likened together with the help of similes or metaphors. Conceit develops a comparison which is unlikely but is imaginative. Ex: when a writer tries to make us admit a similarity of two things whose unlikeness we strongly know6
5554982313ConnotationRefers to a meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes. Ex: words can bring cultural and emotional association in addition to their literal meanings or denotations7
5554992236ConsonanceRefers to repetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or phrase. Ex: pitter, patter8
5554997389CoupletA literary device which can be defined as having two successive rhyming lines in a verse and has the same meter to form a complete thought9
5555000206DirgeA tragedy that dramatizes a serious subject matter about human suffering and terrible events but in a dignified manner.10
5555009788Dramatic monologueA character speaks to a silent listener for dramatic effect11
5555017226ElegyA form of literature which can be defined as a poem or song in the form of elegiac couplets, written in honor of someone that has died. It lament or mourns the death of someone12
5555027574End-stopped lineA poetic device where a pause comes at the end of a syntactic unit (sentence, clause, etc.); the pause can be expressed in writing as a punctuation mark such as a colon, period, etc13
5555034462EpicA poetic story. Usually a long narrative poem, which is usually related to heroic deeds of a person of unusual courage and bravery. Grandiose style is used14
5555039309FootIt is a measuring unit in poetry, which is made up of stressed and unstressed syllables. The stressed syllable is usually indicated by a vertical line, where the unstressed syllable is represented by a cross15
5555045115Free verseA literary device that can be defined as poetry that is free from limitations of regular meter or rhythm and does not rhyme with fixed forms. The poet gives his own shape to a poem16
5555053141iambA literary device that can be defined as a foot containing unaccented and short syllables followed by a long and accented syllable in a single line of a poem (unstressed/stressed syllables17
5555059675ImageryRefers to figurative language to represent objects, actions and ideas so that it appeals to our physical senses. Ex: " It was dark and dim in the forest."18
5555064457In medias resRefers to in the middle at a significant moment19
5555070956LyricA collection of verses and choruses, that make up a complete song or a short and non-narrative poem. It is usually with a single speaker who expresses personal emotion or thoughts20
5555076806MeterA stressed and unstressed syllabic pattern in verse or within the lines of a poem. Stressed syllables tend to be longer and unstressed shorter. It is a linguistic sound pattern21
5555082498OctaveA verse form consisting of eight lines of iambic pentameter or of hendecasyllables22
5555088456OdeA form of poetry such as a sonnet or elegy. It is a literary technique that is lyrical in nature but not very long23
5555096129PentameterA literary device that can be defined as a line in verse or poetry that has five strong metrical feet or beats. There are four different forms of pentameter: iambic, trochaic, dactylic and anapestic24
5555102901QuatrainA verse with four lines, or even a full poem containing four lines, having an independent and separate theme.25
5555112937RefrainA verse, a line, a set, or a group of some lines that appears at the end of stanza, or appears where a poem divides into different sections. It is a poetic device that repeats at regular intervals in different stanzas26
5555120198RepetitionA literary device that repeats the same words or phrases a few times to make an idea clearer27
5555127868RhymeA repetition or similar sounding words occurring at the end of lines in poems or songs. It uses repeating patterns.28
5555594939Stanzaa group of lines forming the basic recurring metrical unit in a poem; a verse.29
5555594940Stressthe emphasis that falls on certain syllables and not others; the arrangement of stresses within a poem is the foundation of poetic rhythm30
5555594941Allusionbrief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance31
5555594942Apostropheterm used when a speaker directly addresses someone or something that isn't present in the poem32
5555594943Dictiondefined as style of speaking or writing determined by the choice of words by a speaker or a writer.33
5555594944Euphemismrefers to polite, indirect expressions which replace words and phrases considered harsh and impolite or which suggest something unpleasant.34
5555594945Flashbackan interruption of the chronological sequence (as of a film or literary work) of an event of earlier occurrence35
5555594946Hyperboleover-casting" is a figure of speech, which involves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis36
5555594947MetaphorNot using like or as37
5555594948Moodevokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions.38
5555594949Proseform of language that has no formal metrical structure.39
5555594950Satirea technique employed by writers to expose and criticize foolishness and corruption of an individual or a society by using humor, irony, exaggeration or ridicule.40
5555594951Versedenotes a single line of poetry.41
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The American Pageant 13th Edition (Chapter 15) Flashcards

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7899820025Second Great AwakeningA series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans.0
7899820026MormonsChurch established by John Smith in 1830. This group empasized moderation, salvation, and hard work.1
7899820027Seneca Falls ConventionA convention held in New York, 1848 to discuss women's rights where the Declaration of Sentiments was written in efforts to get female suffrage.2
7899820028New HarmonyA Commune established in New Harmony, Indiana by Scottish industrialist Robert Owen3
7899820029TranscendentalismPhilisophical and literary movement, centered in New England, that greatly influenced American writers of the early nineteenth century4
7899820030Civil DisobedienceA theory started by Thoreau which was later applied by Ghandi and Martin Luther King Jr.5
7899820031Leaves of GrassWhitman's collection of emotional poems that generated a shocking response6
7899820032The Scarlet LetterA novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne that demonstrates the Puritanic Society's reaction to adultry, as well as guilt.7
7899820033Dorothea DixA female reformer who advocated for the mentally ill and improved conditions durastically.8
7899820034Brigham Young"Mormon Moses" who led the persecuted Latter-Day Saints to their promised land in Utah9
7899820035Elizabeth Cady StantonA woman who played a key role in the Seneca Falls Convention. She wrote the Declaration of Sentiments and advocated for women's rights10
7899820036Lucretia MottA Quaker who attended an anti-slavery convention in 1840 and her party of women was not recognized. She and Stanton called the first women's right convention in New York in 184811
7899820037Walt WhitmanAn American poet and Transcendentalist who was bold and celebrated American democracy12
7899820038Charles G. FinneyStarter of the Second Great Awakening. A preacher who scared people into salvation by preaching about the fires of Hell.13
7899820039Alexis de TocquevilleFrench author who observed American democracy14
7899820040Deismrejected the divinity of Christ and the Scientific Revolution scoffed at superstition15
7899820041Scientific RevolutionThe intellectual movement in Europe, initially associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics, that by the seventeenth century had laid the groundwork for modern science.16
7899820042UnitarianBelieve that God existed in 1 person and disagree with the theory of the Holy Trinity. They believed that people were saved by doing good works and were not born under "original sin"17
7899820043Public EducationEstablished using tax money. Greatly influenced by Jacksonian Democracy.18
7899820044Horace Mann"Father of Public Education"19
7899820045American Temperance SocietyA group who discouraged against drinking excessively or at all for that matter. They discussed its effects on society.20
7899820046Catherine Beecherencouraged women to take jobs in teaching21
7899820047Dr. Elizabeth BlackwellThe first female doctor22
7899820048Declaration of SentimentsWritten at the Seneca Falls Convention that "all men and women were created equal"23
7899820049The ShakersA religious sect started by Mother Ann Lee who stressed simplicity in everyday life and seperation of the sexes.24
7899820050Stephen FosterWriter of several famous folk songs25
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AP English Literature Poetry Terms Flashcards

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8596493632metaphora figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance, as in "A mighty fortress is our God."0
8596514516synecdochea figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa, as in Cleveland won by six runs (meaning "Cleveland's baseball team").1
8596530188parallelisma literary device in which parts of the sentence are grammatically the same, or are similar in construction. It can be a word, a phrase, or an entire sentence repeated. Dr. King's famous 'I have a dream' repetition makes the speech compelling and rhythmic, as well as memorable.2
8596571983allegorya story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.3
8596582365antithesisa person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else4
9191139274apostrophewhen a speaker directly addresses someone or something that isn't present in a poem. The speaker could be addressing an abstract concept like love, a person (dead or alive), a place, or even a thing, like the sun or the sea.5
8596589228oxymorona figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction (e.g., faith unfaithful kept him falsely true ).6
8596594694refraina verse or phrase that is repeated at intervals throughout a poem, usually after a stanza7
8596613770tercet stanzaa stanza composed of three lines of poetry, forming a stanza or a complete poem8
8729856628spondeeA metrical foot, a beat in a poetic line that consists of two accented syllables (stressed/stressed) or DUM-DUM stress pattern. Example: "Cry, cry! Troy burns, or else let Helen go."9
8729889816Blank verseBlank verse is a literary device defined as un-rhyming verse written in iambic pentameter.10
8753363869doggerelcomic verse composed in irregular rhythm; verse or words that are badly written or expressed.11
8952383758dictionword choice12
8952387586toneprovides the emotional coloring or a work and is a direct reflection of the speaker's attitude.13
8952399690moodthe feeling the reader experiences as a result of the tone14
8952405947figurative languageexplains or expands an idea by making a direct comparison between unlike things15
8952410581syntaxthe arrangement of words into phrases, clauses, and sentences16
8952427996inversioncreated by altering word order (e.g. in normal English grammar a subject is followed by a verb and its object). For example: "For this I had deprived myself of rest and health.17
8952434118enjambmentwhen one line ends without a pause and must continue into the next line to complete its meaning; also called a run-on line18
8952438110caesuraa pause within a line of poetry19
8952442226meterlines in a poem of a regular pattern of rhythm; meters count the measures of a line in feet20
8952445065feetpatterns of stressed or unstressed syllables21
8952448045iamba poetic foot of two syllables with stress, or accent, on the second, such as the word "again," or the phrase "by far."22
8952453473iambic pentametera line consisting of five iambic feet. For example: "But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks?23
8953024523iambic tetrametera line consisting of four iambic feet24
8953033829soundthe musical quality of a poem25
8953037437alliterationthe repetition of initial consonant sounds in a sequence of words or syllables.26
8953040091assonancethe repetition of vowel sounds in a sequence of words or syllables27
8953044316consonanceidentical consonant sounds in nearby words that follow different vowel sounds28
8953052025onomatopoeiause of a word that refers to a sound and whose pronunciation mimics that sound29
8953056045cadencesimilar to rhythm, but focuses on the rise and fall of the voice30
9051203554allusionan expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.31
9051212717slant rhymeHalf rhyme or imperfect rhyme, sometimes called near-rhyme or lazy rhyme or slant rhyme, is a type of rhyme formed by words with similar but not identical sounds. In most instances, either the vowel segments are different while the consonants are identical, or vice versa. Example: Why should I let the toad work Squat on my life? Can't I use my wit as a pitchfork and drive the brute off?32
9085380431elegya contemplative poem, usually for someone who has died33
9085381900lyrica short poem expressing the personal thoughts or feelings of a first person narrator34
9085383797odea form of poetry that meditates on or addresses a single object or condition.35
9085387239villanellea form of poetry with five tercets (three-line stanzas) with a rhyme scheme of aba.36
9085394682coupleta two-line stanza37
9085394683quatraina four-line stanza38
9085396164quinteta five line stanza39
9085399059sesteta six line stanza40
9085533753sexteta seven line stanza41
9085535917octavean eight line stanza42
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American Pageant 13th edition chapter 26 Flashcards

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8819369650Sitting BullSioux chief who led the attack on Custer at the Battle of the Little Bighorn0
8819374501Frederick Jackson TurnerUnited States historian who stressed the role of the western frontier in American history in his essay, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History", whose ideas formed the Frontier Thesis. He argued that the moving western frontier shaped American democracy and the American character from the colonial era until 1890.1
8819374502Siouxattacked and killed Captain William J. Fetterman's command of 81 soldiers and civilians in Wyoming's Bighorn Mountains. The Battle of the Little Bighorn was a rare Indian victory in the plains wars.2
8819374503George A CusterColonel George Armstrong Custer's Seventh Cavalry was slaughtered as they tried to suppress the Indians after the Sioux attacked settlers who were searching for gold in the "Great Sioux reservation."3
8819378509GeronimoLeader of the Apaches of Arizona in their warfare with the whites4
8819378510Helen Hunt Jacksonpublished A Century of Dishonor in 1881 which told of the record of government ruthlessness in dealing with the Indians. She also wrote Ramona in 1884 which told of injustice to the California Indians.5
8819382718Nez PerceNative American Tribe that will flee capture from U.S. Troops, who almost make it to Canada.6
8819382719Comstock Lode"Fifty niners" also rushed to Nevada in 1859 after gold and silver were discovered at ___7
8819387128Long Drivename for the moving of cattle across the plains to the railroad terminals8
8819390681Mary E. LeaseEloquent Kansas Populist who urged farmers to "raise less corn and more hell"9
8819390825Gold Bugsreferred to those who favored basing the US monetary system on gold to the exclusion of silver10
8819395144William Jennings Bryan1896 election Democratic candidate. He supported inflation through the unlimited coinage of silver, which caused many Populists to support him as a candidate.11
8819413690Eugene V. Debshelped to organize the American Railway Union. Railway union leader who converted to socialism while serving jail time during the Pullman strike12
8819501750The Grange (National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry)mprove the farmers' collective troubles. They established cooperatively owned stores for consumers and cooperatively owned grain elevators and warehouses for producers.13
8819504547Oliver H. Kelleyformed the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry14
8819518039Greenback Labor Partysought to improve the working conditions of laborers.15
8819526242Populist Partygrew out of the Farmers' Alliance. It called for nationalizing the railroads, telephones, and telegraph; instituting a graduated income tax; and creating a new federal subtreasury, in which harvested crops were stored until crop prices rose. ____ also wanted free and unlimited coinage of silver.16
8819541911Coxey's Army"General" Jacob S. Coxey led a protest in Washington in 1894, demanding that the government start a public works program. After the panic of 189317
8819587941William McKinleyRepublican candidate for the election of 1896. the prime function of government was to aid business, and he believed in the "trickle down effect" (laborers do well if the business does well). The Republican platform supported the gold standard. Won the election18
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APUSH The American Pageant 13th edition Period two Flashcards

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7552007086John CalvinCalvinism Elaborated Martin Luther's ideas From Geneva, Switzerland Religious teachings were dominant creed of Puritans, Presbyterians, Huguenots, and Dutch reformed church members Wrote doctrine in a tome of 1536 Institutes of Christian Religion Predestination- Good works could not save those marked for Hell0
7552007091mayflower compactAgreement to form a majoritarian government in Plymouth, signed aboard the Mayflower. Created a foundation for self-government in the colony.1
7552007092massachusetts bay colonyEstablished by non-separating Puritans, it soon grew to be the largest and most influential of the New England colonies.2
7552007094antinomianismBelief that the elect need not obey the law of either God or man; most notably espoused in the colonies by Anne Hutchinson.3
7552007095fundamental ordersDrafted by settlers in the Connecticut River Valley, document was the first "modern constitution" establishing a democratically controlled government. Key features of the document were borrowed for Connecticut's colonial charter and later, its state constitution.4
7552007098new england confederationWeak union of the colonies in Massachusetts and Connecticut led by Puritans for the purposes of defense and organization, an early attempt at self-government during the benign neglect of the English Civil War.5
7552007100dominion of new englandAdministrative union created by royal authority, incorporating all of New England, New York, and East and West Jersey. Placed under the rule of Sir Edmund Andros who curbed popular assemblies, taxed residents without their consent, and strictly enforced Navigation Laws. Its collapse after the Glorious Revolution in England demonstrated colonial opposition to strict royal control.6
7552007101navigation lawsSeries of laws passed, beginning in 1651, to regulate colonial shipping; the acts provided that only English ships would be allowed to trade in English and colonial ports, and that all goods destined for the colonies would first pass through England.7
7552007103salutary neglectUnofficial policy of relaxed royal control over colonial trade and only weak enforcement of Navigation Laws. Lasted from the Glorious Revolution to the end of the French and Indian War in 1763.8
7552007105quakersReligious group known for their tolerance, emphasis on peace, and idealistic Indian policy, who settled heavily in Pennsylvania in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.9
7552187734JeremiadA sermon or prophecy recounting wrongdoing, warning of doom, and calling for repentance Scolded people for waning faith10
7552207713Leisler's RebellionSmall New York revolt of 1689-1691 that reflected class antagonism between landlords and merchants11
7552217716Middle PassageExperience for which human beings were branded and chained, and which only 80 percent survived12
7552233798Nathaniel Bacon (Bacon's Rebbellion)Person who led poor former indentured servants and frontiersman on a rampage against Indians and colonial government Nathanial Bacon 29 yr old planter 1,000 virginian frontiersmen rebelled 1676 Attacked indians Chased William Berkely out of town Set capitol on fire Bacon died of disease, Berkley defeated uprising13
7552248356the Half-Way CovenantFormula devised by Puritan ministers in 1662 to offer partial church membership to people who had not experienced conversion14
7552255936Headright SystemMaryland and Virginia's system of gaining land to anyone who would pay transatlantic passage for laborers 50 acres of land15
7552267128William Berkeleycolonial governor of Virginia, and one of the Lords Proprietors of the Colony of Carolina; he was appointed to these posts by King Charles II of England, of whom he was a favourite. Colonial Virginia official who crushed rebels and wreaked cruel revenge16
7552302505puritansEnglish Protestant reformers who sought to purify the Church of England of Catholic rituals and creeds. Some of the most devout ones believed that only "visible saints" should be admitted to church membership.17
7552308254separatistsSmall group of Puritans who sought to break away entirely from the Church of England; after initially settling in Holland, a number of English ones made their way to Plymouth Bay, Massachusetts in 1620.18
7552322079John CottonCambridge educated Incredibly religious Defended government's right to enforce religious rules19
7552330191John WinthropPillar of English society Massachusetts' first governor Attorney and manorlord in England Believed he had a calling from God Served as governor for 19 yrs20
7552336893William PennAttracted to quaker faith when 16 Secured grant in 1681 for Pennsylvania "First American advertising man" Bought land from Chief Tammany Very Liberal Philadelphia had 300 houses and 25000 people within 2yrs of founding Peaceful relations with indians21
7552459820Thomas HookerReverend Founded Hartford 1635 in Connecticut The Fundamental Orders22
7552495151William BradfordScholar Read Hebrew, Greek, Latin, French, and Dutch Chosen governor 30 times Worried non-Puritan settlers might corrupt his experiment in the wilderness23
7552513441Roger WilliamsSalem Minister Wanted Clergy to break away from church of england Challenged legality of Bay Colony's charter Denied authority of civil gov't to regulate religious behavior Fled to Rhode Island in 1630 Built first Baptist church Believed in religious tolerance Secured a charter in 1644 for settlement24
7552748205Anne HutchinsonHad 14 kids Dissenter of Puritan church/ heretic Said those truly saved need not bother obeying laws of God or Man Beliefs known as Antinomianism Put on trial in 1638 Was banished and went to Rhode Island All but one of household killed by Indians25
7552862430HuguenotsFrench Protestants who were granted toleration by the Edict of Nantes in 1598 but not permitted to settle in New France.26
7552890565Albany CongressUnification effort that Benjamin Franklin nearly inspired to success by eloquent leadership and cartoon artistry. only 7/13 showed up 1754 New York27
7552921447George WashingtonMilitary aide of British General Braddock and defender of the frontier after Braddock's defeat. Militia commander whose frontier skirmish touched off a World War28
7552950661Edward BraddockBlundering British officer whose defeat gave the advantage to the French and Indians in the early phase of the war.29
7552956911William PittSplendid British political orator and organizer of the winning strategy against the French in the North America. Organizer of Victory Soft pedal assault on french west indies expedition 1758 on Louisburg30
7552963012PontiacIndian leader whose frontier uprising caused British to attempt to limit colonial frontier expansion.31
7553009752Proclamation line of 1763British Document that aroused colonial anger but failed to stop frontier expansion reaction to Pontiac's uprising No colonists could settle past the Appalachians32
7553037129James WolfeChosen by pitt men climbed up a cliff during the night and attacked quebec. Defeated french. (Battle of Quebec)33
7553062756Treaty of Paris 1763Ended seven years war. Harsh blow to Iroquois and Creeks. Made britain number 1 world power. They got all land west of mississippi river and France leaves N. America34
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language AP human geo Flashcards

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8152359199dialectA regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.0
8152360622isoglossA boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate.1
8152360623ceroleA language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated.2
8152361860pidiginA form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca; used for communications among speakers of two different languages.3
8152362405jargon/trade languageA language that combines multiple languages, and is created for trade only.4
8152363085lingua francaA language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages.5
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Sadlier Vocabulary Workshop (Level B) Unit 6 Flashcards

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6089438994Anonymous(adj) unnamed, without the name of the person involved (writer, composer, etc.); unknown; lacking individuality or character0
6089451019Browse(v.) to nibble, graze; to read casually; to window-shop1
6089456052Dupe(n.) to deceive; a person who is easily deceived2
6089461806Dynamic(adj.) actively changing3
6089466363Eradicate(v.) to root out, get rid of, destroy completely4
6089472773Frustrate(v.) To prevent from accomplishing a purpose or fulfilling a desire; to cause feelings of discouragement5
6089505829Grim(adj.) stern and admitting of no appeasement or compromise6
6089509575Inimatable(adj.) not capable of being copied or imitated7
6089509576Makeshift(n.) a temporary, often improvised, substitute; improvised for temporary use (adj)8
6089511777Marginal(adj.) in, at, or near the edge or margin; only barely good, large, or important enough for the purpose9
6089511778Pending(adj.) waiting to be settled; (prep.) until10
6089515869PerscribeV: (literally, "write before") order; dictate; direct; order as a remedy11
6089515870Preview(n.) something seen in advance; (v.) to view beforehand12
6089520863Prominent(adj) standing out so as to be easily seen; important, well-known13
6089523242Quaint(adj.) odd or old-fashioned in a pleasing way; clever, ingenious; skillfully made14
6089526616Reluctant(adj.) unwilling, holding back15
6089526617Scrimp(v) to handle very economically or stingily; to supply in a way that is small, short, or scanty16
6089528231Snare(v.) to trap, catch; (n.) a trap or entanglement17
6089528232Utmost(adj.) greatest, highest, farthest; (n.) the extreme limit18
6089532198Vengeance(n.) Punishment in return for an injury or a wrong; unusual force or violence19
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