AP Language Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7449177060 | Ethos | Use of morals, ethics and values in an argument - Ethical Appeal. Qualitative Argument, any mention of Ethical | 0 | |
| 7449186293 | Logos | Use of logic, examples, data, statistics, and/or definitions in an argument. - Logic, logical, appeal, quantitative argument, substantive argument | 1 | |
| 7449219298 | Pathos | Use of emotion in an argument - Emotion, emotional appeal, qualitative argument, constant mix of Ethos and Logos | 2 | |
| 7449227079 | Claim | the thesis or main idea argument, author's thesis, assertion and contention. | 3 | |
| 7449250701 | Diction | word choice | 4 | |
| 7449250702 | Syntax | sentence structure | 5 | |
| 7449262033 | Tone | -Author's attitude toward the subject -Mixture of diction and syntax to create tone | 6 | |
| 7449276257 | Stylistic Devices | - Metaphors or symbols - Add to style or text | 7 | |
| 7449306535 | Rhetorical Strategies | Ethos Pathos Logos - Particular to non-fiction | 8 | |
| 7449316350 | Alliteration | Repetition of constant sounds at the beginning or in the middle of two or more adjacent words *Assonance/consonance - types of alliteration never the answer vowel in the word Constance in the war. i.e. Intramural hockey is a strenuous stimulating satisfying spot | 9 | |
| 7449346584 | Anaphora | repetition of words or words in successive clauses at the beginning of sentences or clauses. The repetition of "I have a dream" | 10 | |
| 7449352422 | Parrallelism | to give two or more plots of sentences a similar form so as to give the whole a definitive pattern. Parallel structure, parallel syntax i.e. "The inherent vice of capitalism is the equal sharing of miseries." | 11 | |
| 7449388348 | Antithesis | A counter proposition and denotes contrast to the original propodition. In setting the opposite, brings a contrast in the meaning and obvious contrast in the expression. i.e. some like it hot, some like it cold | 12 | |
| 7449527447 | Asyndeton | a stylistic scheme in which conjunctions are deliberately omitted from a series of related clauses. "I came, I saw, I conquered" | 13 | |
| 7449547567 | Polysyndeton | scheme in which conjuncting are deliberately places with a series of commas. - The plight, and the tormut and the detriment that was my life. | 14 | |
| 7449610079 | Periphrasis | The use of a longer expression to express a common/shorter subject or idea. NY: The city that never sleeps | 15 | |
| 7449629053 | Tropes | play with the meaning of words; more figurative devices | 16 | |
| 7449634444 | Simile | a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid (e.g., as brave as a lion, crazy like a fox ). | 17 | |
| 7449636644 | Metaphor | a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable. | 18 | |
| 7449639055 | Metonymy | a substitution that conveys a higher idea i.e. the pen is mightier than the -the crown; England, Queen Elizabeth | 19 | |
| 7449654724 | Personification | figurative/reflective | 20 | |
| 7449657150 | Analogy | interference that if two outcome things agree with one another in some respect they will probably agree in other. | 21 | |
| 7449707740 | Symbolism | the art or practice of using symbols especially by investing things with a symbolic meaning | 22 | |
| 7449711201 | Allegory | an extended metaphor can be characters or objects that is meant to represent a moral/ message/theme | 23 | |
| 7449739795 | Mortif | a usually recurring salient thematic element (as in the arts) especially: a dominant idea or central theme - Doesn't have to be a thing | 24 | |
| 7449757400 | Irony | opposite of what is expected | 25 | |
| 7449803439 | Oxymormon | using two terms together, that normally contradict each other i.e. Consider a situation in which a father and son are driving down the road. The car collides with a tree and the father is killed. The boy is reached to the nearest hospital where he is prepared for emergency surgery. On entering the survey units. The surgeon says "I can't operate on this boy. It's my son" "The only rule is that there are no rules" | 26 | |
| 7449839961 | Juxtaposition | placing two or more ideas in close proximity to convey a point. "But it is inevitable that they will keep changing, the dorson you, he said, because that is what they are far; at the thing is to get used to it and not let it unsettle the mind..." | 27 | |
| 7449870093 | Puns | play on words i.e. I'm on a seafood diet, I see food, I eat it | 28 | |
| 7449877412 | Onomatopoeia | Crunch, pow hiss | 29 | |
| 7449882760 | Sarcasm | the use of irony to mock or convey contempt. | 30 | |
| 7449888513 | Aphorism | a statement of common truth and unknown authorship | 31 | |
| 7449890884 | Allusion | reference to history, literature and religion | 32 | |
| 7449939190 | Apostrophe | addressing a thing, an abstraction or a person not present. i.e. "O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo?" | 33 | |
| 7449950961 | Anecdote | a story told from personal experience | 34 | |
| 7449953555 | Epigraph | brief motto or quotation set at the beginning of a text to suggest its meaning. | 35 | |
| 8344050229 | Deductive reasoning | Logic that requires conclusion by assuming a general principle (a premise), then applying that principle to a specific cause with the use of evidence | 36 | |
| 8344058975 | Inductive Reasoning | the process of drawing a generalization on the basis of specific examples | 37 | |
| 8344065557 | Premise | a position of statement regarded as true and upon which other claims are based | 38 | |
| 8344070331 | Quantitative Argument | an argument of evaluation that relies on criteria that can be measured counted or demonstrated objectively (logos/logo appeal) | 39 | |
| 8344100497 | Qualitative Argument | an argument of evaluation that relies on nonnumerical criteria, reason, emotion, tradition precedent or logic as opposed to distinct and numeric criteria. | 40 | |
| 8344133041 | Casual Argument | an argument that seeks to explain the effect(s) of a case, the causes of an effect, a casual * in which A causes, B causes C and so on. | 41 | |
| 8344159676 | Syllogism | a structure of deductive logic in which correctly formed major and minor premises lead to a necessary conclusion. | 42 | |
| 8344172851 | Disclaimer | denying responsibility for an assertion/argument | 43 | |
| 8344175506 | Refutation | acknowledging the opposing side of an argument | 44 | |
| 8344177912 | Rebuttal | response to hypothetical objection to an argument. | 45 | |
| 8344180367 | Fallacy | a logical flaw in reasoning or an argument. | 46 | |
| 8344183818 | Ad Hominem Argument | attacks the person and not the argument - an obvious fallacy. | 47 | |
| 8344191244 | Axiom | a statement as true as the basis for argument or inference Ex: one of the atoms of the theory of evolution is... | 48 | |
| 8344197562 | Conjecture | a conclusion drawn from guesswork and without any evidence | 49 | |
| 8344200685 | Qualifier/Qualification | a limitation or exception placed on a claim | 50 | |
| 8344203788 | Satire | a form of humor in which a writer uses wit to expose - and possibly correct- human failings. Satire often involves a shift in perspective that asks readers to look at a situation in a new way (political satire vs cultural satire) | 51 | |
| 8344219170 | Parody | taking something familiar - be it songs, passages of prose, TV shows, poems, films, even people and turning it into something new. The argument sparkles in the tension between the original work and its limitation | 52 | |
| 8344250501 | Sarcasam | when what is state is the opposite of what is left or thought by the author - in writing sarcasm can be perceived as humorous or hurtful. | 53 | |
| 8344261386 | Wit | use of intelligent humor - being clver. | 54 | |
| 9934198784 | etc. | et cetera, means "and others " or "and the rest" | 55 | |
| 9934203878 | e.g. | exempli gratia, meaning "for example" (but only provides one to two examples, very simple and phrase) | 56 | |
| 9934204926 | i.e. | id est, meaning "that is". Clarifying the previous term (provides all examples of the list) | 57 | |
| 9934269730 | N.B. | nota bene, meaning "note well" or "pay attention". Used to call the reader's attention to specific information | 58 | |
| 9934274997 | cf. | confer, to "compare" Used in endnotes or footnotes to point the reader to works that offer an argument which contradicts or different from author's argument. | 59 | |
| 9934282555 | sic | Means "thus" or "so", used to explain that it was meant to be actually their Sick People | 60 | |
| 9934290039 | versus (vs. or v.) | "Against" or "as opposed to" Used to express conflict or comparision | 61 | |
| 9934295059 | circa | "around" or "approximately" Meaning a value is approximate, not exact | 62 | |
| 9934428468 | et al. | et alii, "and other people" (Used only for people) | 63 | |
| 9934431028 | ibid | "in the same place" used to quote same source and pages multiple times | 64 | |
| 9934436545 | id | "same person" used to quote the same author multiple time | 65 | |
| 9934440029 | passim | "here and there" or "throughout" used when a particular word ,phrase or idea is not restricted to just a few pages of work, but occurs in many places. | 66 |
