Flashcards
AP Chinese Topic Sixteen: Literature and History Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7087567144 | 文学 | wénxué literature | 0 | |
| 7087567145 | 杰作 | jiézuò masterpiece | 1 | |
| 7087567146 | 古典文学 | gǔdiǎn wénxué classical literature | 2 | |
| 7087567147 | 现代文学 | xiàndài wénxué contemporary literature | 3 | |
| 7087567148 | 大众文学 | dàzhòng wénxué popular literature | 4 | |
| 7087567149 | 民间文学 | mínjiān wénxué folklore | 5 | |
| 7087567150 | 网络文学 | wǎngluò wénxué Internet literature | 6 | |
| 7087567151 | 博客 | bókè blog | 7 | |
| 7087567152 | 小说 | xiǎoshuō novel | 8 | |
| 7087567153 | 爱情小说 | àiqíng xiǎoshuō love story | 9 | |
| 7087567154 | 侦探小说 | zhēntàn xiǎoshuō detective story | 10 | |
| 7087567155 | 幽默小说 | yōumò xiǎoshuō humorous story | 11 | |
| 7087567156 | 历史小说 | lìshǐ xiǎoshuō historical novel | 12 | |
| 7087567157 | 散文 | sǎnwén prose | 13 | |
| 7087567158 | 诗歌 | shīgē poetry | 14 | |
| 7087567159 | 剧本 | jùběn play; drama; script | 15 | |
| 7087567160 | 随笔 | suíbǐ essay | 16 | |
| 7087567161 | 游记 | yóujì book of travels | 17 | |
| 7087567162 | 传记 | zhuànjì biography | 18 | |
| 7087567163 | 报告文学 | bàodào wénxué reportage | 19 | |
| 7087567164 | 寓言 | yùyán fables; allegory | 20 | |
| 7087567165 | 作家 | zuòjiā writer | 21 | |
| 7087567166 | 作者 | zuòzhě author | 22 | |
| 7087567167 | 诗人 | shīrén poet | 23 | |
| 7087567168 | 名人 | míngrén famous people | 24 | |
| 7087567169 | 读者 | dúzhě reader | 25 | |
| 7087567170 | 观众 | guānzhòng audience; spectator | 26 | |
| 7087567171 | 刻画 | kèhuà characterize | 27 | |
| 7087567172 | 描述 | miáoshù describe | 28 | |
| 7087567173 | 人物 | rénwù character; literary figure | 29 | |
| 7087567174 | 生动 | shēngdòng vivid, vividly | 30 | |
| 7087567175 | 反映 | fǎnyìng reflect | 31 | |
| 7087567176 | 现实 | xiànshí reality; actuality | 32 | |
| 7087567177 | 史书 | shǐshū historical records | 33 | |
| 7087567178 | 畅销书 | chàngxiāoshū best seller | 34 |
Flashcards
AP World History Flashcards
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| 4241532998 | 3500 BCE CIVILIZATION ARISES IN MESOPOTAMIA | Mesopotamia comes from the Greek words meaning "The Land between the Rivers." In the southern half of Mesopotamia, Sumerians had already inhabited the land in the 6th millennium BCE Semitic Migrants, City-States, and Kings | 0 | |
| 4241532999 | 3000 BCE HINDUISM BEING PRACTICED IN INDIA | Hinduism began to attract a widespread of popular interest as it transformed into a religion of Salvation Experienced changes in the doctrine and observances that resulted in a faith that addressed the interest of ordinary people | 1 | |
| 4241554874 | 483 BCE SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA DIES | Gave up his position and inheritance in order to seek salvation Born in about 563 BCE Gautama became dissatisfied with his comfortable life Became Buddha "The Enlightened One." Died in 483 BCE, his last words were "Decay is inherent in all component things! Work out your salvation with diligence!" | 2 | |
| 4241554875 | 0-40 CE LIFE OF JESUS | A charismatic Jewish teacher whom they recognized as their savior Involved in high tension between Roman overlords and Jewish subjects Claimed to have "the kingdom of God is at hand." Roman administrators percieved it wrong and executed him on the cross in the 30s CE | 3 | |
| 4241554876 | 500 CE END OF ROMAN EMPIRE/START FEUDAL WEST EUROPE | The Barrack emperors were a series of generals that seized thrones. The Germanic invasions and the fall of the Western region of the Roman empire caused Germanic peoples to flee to the eastern region of the Roman empire. | 4 | |
| 4241596848 | 632 DEATH OF MUHAMMAD | Muhammad's death gave Arab conquerors to spread the word of Islam. This led to the rapid expansion of Islam that contributed to the development of a massive trade and communication network for goods and ideas to spread freely through religious practices. | 5 | |
| 4241596849 | 750 FALL OF UMAYYAD DYNASTY AND RISE OF ABBASSID ISLAMIC EMPIRE | The Umayyad caliphs became alienated even from other Arabs They devoted themselves increasingly to luxurious living rather than the zealous leadership of the umma Abbasid differed since the state was far more cosmopolitan than its predecessor | 6 | |
| 4241596850 | 900 GHANA KINGS CONVERT TO ISLAM IN WEST AFRICA | By the tenth century, the kings of Ghana converted to Islam Their conversion led to improved relations with Muslim merchants from north Africa as well as Muslim nomads The Kings didnt force Islam among their societies rather they observed the traditional religious customs | 7 | |
| 4241596851 | 1095 FIRST CRUSADE : EUROPEANS GO TO WEST ASIA TO RE-CONQUER HOLY LANDS | French and Norman nobles organized a more respectable military expedition to the holy land The crusading armies began the long trek to Palestine, they captured Edessa, Antioch, and other strategic sites These crusades encouraged the Turks, Egyptians , and other Muslims to settle their differences | 8 | |
| 4241596852 | 1250-1350 MONGOL EMPIRE : 4 KHANNATES = RUSSIA, PERSIA, CENTRAL ASIA, CHINA | Khubilai extended Mongol rule to all of China, and attacked the Song dynasty in Southern China. Launched several invasions in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Burma Horde overran Russia and mounted exploratory expedition into Poland, Hungary, and eastern Germany Khubilai's brother, Hulegu, toppled the Abbasid empire and established the Mongol ilkhanate in Persia. Mongols controlled all of China, outlawed intermarriage, forbade the Chinese language, and even refused to assimilate to Chinese culture | 9 | |
| 4241596853 | 1300-1500 ITALIAN RENAISSANCE | Renaissance means "rebirth" Referred to a round of artistic and intellectual creativity that took place from the 14th to the 16th century that reflected the development of sophisticated urban society Art, architecture, humanist, moral thoughts, and the larger world became apart of the Renaissance | 10 | |
| 4241633151 | 1324 MALI KING (MANSA MUSA) MAKES PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA | Mansa Musa drew great inspiration from his pilgrimage to Mecca, he built mosques, sent promising students to study with Islamic scholars, and established religious schools and brought in Arabian and north African teachers to help. | 11 | |
| 4241633152 | 1405-1433 VOYAGES OF ADMIRAL ZHENG HE ON INDIAN OCEAN | The expeditions took place between 1405 - 1433, on the first three voyages he explored southeast Asia, India, and Ceylon. The 4th he went to the Persian Gulf, Arabia, and the African coast | 12 | |
| 4241633153 | 1453 FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE TO OTTOMAN TURKS | Mehmed the Conqueror captured the Byzantine capital of Constantinople. He made the city his own capital under the Turkish name of Istanbul. By 1480, they controlled all of Greece and the Balkan region. | 13 | |
| 4241633154 | 1492 SPAIN UNIFIES, COLUMBUS, START OF COLUMBIAN EXCHANGES, MOORS DRIVEN OUT | Native Americans had benefited from the New World since it introduced new forms of agriculture, weaponry, architectural ingenuity, and a new form of writing. This brought many new animals, foods, and plants to appear from the Old World and change and improve the New World. | 14 | |
| 4241633155 | 1506 KONGO KING CONVERTS TO CHRISTIANITY | The Kings of Kongo converted to Christianity as a way to establish closer commercial relations with Portuguese merchants and diplomatic relations with the Portuguese monarchy | 15 | |
| 4241633156 | 1519 ARRIVAL OF CONQUISTADORS IN MEXICO | During the 16th Century, Spanish conquistadores pressed beyond the Caribbean islands, moving west into Mexico and south into Panama and Peru | 16 | |
| 4241647236 | 1600 BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY TRADING IN INDIA | English and Dutch merchants formed two especially powerful joint-stock companies : the English East India Company and its counterpart the United East India Company. The companies were privately owned enterprises, concentrated strictly on profitable trade. | 17 | |
| 4241647237 | 1607 FOUNDING OF JAMESTOWN | In the 17th century, colonies began to become permanent on the North American mainland. English migrants founded Jamestown in 1607. | 18 | |
| 4241683226 | 1644 RISE OF QING DYNASTY IN CHINA | The Qing Empire reigned from 1644-1912 and became the last great empire to rule China. They showed that they proved to be a strong will and powerful dynasty but still fell to the invasions of outside lands and rebellions from locals. | 19 | |
| 4241957530 | WATT PERFECTS THE STEAM ENGINE | The steam engine used the condensation of steam to generate power at a moderate speed. By using coal, it powered a piston that then powered a wheel which allowed for power to be generated. This allowed for much cheaper prices for technology that involved an engine. | 20 | |
| 4241957531 | 1776 AMERICAN REVOLUTION | The American Revolution was a war waged upon Britain by the American colonies. This caused conflicts that then influenced ideas and began revolutions from experience. The nation won its freedom after inflicting war upon one of the greatest military forces at the time. | 21 | |
| 4241957532 | 1807 SLAVE TRADE ABOLISHED IN BRITAIN (1808 = US / 1814 = FRANCE) | The U.S. Congress passes an act that stated "prohibits be importation of slaves into any port or place within the jurisdiction of the US from any foreign kingdom, place, or country. On the other hand, Britain refused to follow this so banned African slave trade in 1807 but slave trade still continued in Brazil and Cuba till the 1860s | 22 | |
| 4241957533 | 1833 SLAVERY ABOLISHED IN BRITAIN (1848 = FRANCE / 1865 = US) | Slavery abolishment began in the British Empire on August 1, 1834. Slaves below the age of 6 were set free, whilst those above then became known as apprentices. Apprentices would still work for their owners if they chose to but were not owned and treated as a lesser class. | 23 | |
| 4241957534 | 1843 TREATY OF NANJING ENDS THE OPIUM WARS BETWEEN BRITAIN AND CHINA | The Treaty of Nanjing was created in order to stop the mass amounts of Opium trade that occurred between China and foreign imperialist. China had become known to pay massive amounts to obtain this but this treaty allowed for a "fair and reasonable" tariff. | 24 | |
| 4241957535 | 1848 COMMUNIST MANIFESTO WRITTEN BY KARL MARX (EARLY YEARS OF GERMAN INDUSTRY) | The Communist Manifesto was a political pamphlet that influenced the history of all societies as it illustrated the class struggles. | 25 |
Flashcards
Unit 1 AP World History Terms Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 2812096659 | civilization | An ambiguous term given often used to denote more complex societies | 0 | |
| 2812092436 | culture | Socially transmitted patterns of human action and expression | 1 | |
| 2812092437 | stone age | The historical period characterized by the production of tools from stone and other nonmetallic substances | 2 | |
| 2812093039 | paleolithic | The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans | 3 | |
| 2812093040 | foragers | People who support themselves by hunting, fishing, and gathering wild edible plants and insects. | 4 | |
| 2812093808 | Agricultural Revolution(s) | The change from food gathering to food production that occurred between 8000 and 2000 BCE | 5 | |
| 2812093809 | Megalith | Structures and complexes of very large stones constructed for ceremonial and religious purposes | 6 | |
| 2812093810 | Sumerians | The people who dominated southern Mesopotamia through the end of the third millennium BCE | 7 | |
| 2812094111 | Semitic | Family of related languages long spoken across parts of western Asia and northern Africa. Includes Hebrew, Aramaic, and Phoenician. | 8 | |
| 2812094112 | city-state | A small independent state consisting of an urban center and the surrounding agricultural territory | 9 | |
| 2812094113 | Babylon | The largest and most important city of Mesopotamia; capital of Hammurabi's kingdom of Babylonia | 10 | |
| 2812094677 | Hammurabi | Amorite ruler of Babylon (ruled 1792-1750 BCE); conquered many city-states and expanded Babylonia | 11 | |
| 2812094678 | Scribe | A professional position reserved for men who had undergone training for early writing (i.e. cuneiform, hieroglyphics) | 12 | |
| 2812095280 | Ziggurat | A massive pyramidal stepped tower made of mud bricks | 13 | |
| 2812095281 | Amulet | Small charm meant to protect the bearer from evil | 14 | |
| 2812095282 | cuneiform | A system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables; originated in Mesopotamia | 15 | |
| 2812095728 | bronze | An alloy of copper with a small amount of tin. During Bronze Age was the primary metal for tools and weapons. | 16 | |
| 2812095729 | pharaoh | The central figure in the ancient Egyptian state. Believed to be reincarnation of gods | 17 | |
| 2812095733 | Ma'at | Egyptian term for the concept of divinely created and maintained order of the universe | 18 | |
| 2812096101 | Pyramid | A large, triangular stone monument, used in Egypt and Nubia as a burial place for the king | 19 | |
| 2812096102 | Memphis | capital of Old Kingdom Egypt, near head of Nile Delta | 20 | |
| 2812096660 | hieroglyphics | picture symbols that stand for words, syllables, or individual sounds | 21 | |
| 2812097604 | papyrus | reed that grows along the Nile and is used as writing material | 22 | |
| 2812097605 | Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro | the largest Indus River civilizations, organized, sewage systems, public wells | 23 | |
| 2812098389 | Iron Age | Began around 1000 B.C.E. and was characterized by the increased production of iron, rather than bronze, for materials. Iron provided more powerful weapons, and allowed forgers to vary the hardness by adding carbon. | 24 | |
| 2812098390 | Hatsheput | One of the few known female pharaohs of ancient Egypt. She was known for sending a trading expedition to Punt (thought to be modern-day Sudan or Eritrea) to find the source of myrrh. After her death, images of her were defaced and destroyed. | 25 | |
| 2812098831 | Akhenaten | An ancient Egyptian pharaoh who was known for only allowing worship of the sun god Aten, and closing the temples of other gods; also created a more natural form of art. After ____'s death, the temples of other gods were reopened by the priests. | 26 | |
| 2812098832 | Ramesses II | An Egyptian pharaoh and a member of the Ramesside dynasty, whose main concern was to continue expanding the empire. _________ was known for his large number of monument building projects, and was believed to have fathered over 100 children. | 27 | |
| 2812099219 | Minoan (civilization) | The first complex civilization in ancient Greece, and arose on the island of Crete. | 28 | |
| 2812099220 | Mycenae | The _________n civilization was an ancient civilization on mainland Greece. It is believed that it was the ________n civilization that destroyed the temples on Crete, since they later took over the Minoan civilization. | 29 | |
| 2812099224 | Linear B. | An ancestral language to modern Greek that uses pictoral signs for syllables. _____ was used to keep control of the economy of ancient Greece through careful counting of debts. | 30 | |
| 2812099985 | Neo-Assyrian Empire | The most powerful civilization after 1000 B.C.E., after the fall of the civilizations of the late Bronze Age, and at its height extended to Egypt, Babylon, and the Taurus and Zagros Mountains. | 31 | |
| 2812099986 | Mass deportation | A terror tactic used by the Assyrians to keep control of their kingdom. In this process, entire communities were uprooted and moved to another area. | 32 | |
| 2812100583 | Israel | The land occupied by the Israelites, and it lies at the crossroads of Anatolia, Egypt, Arabia, and Mesopotamia. It is told that a man from Mesopotamia named Abraham took a group of herders to Israel, and settled there. | 33 | |
| 2812100584 | Hebrew Bible | A compilation of interpretations of events in the history of the Middle East, and was written in the Hebrew language. This compilation serves as one of the major sources of written history for the region. | 34 | |
| 2812101058 | First Temple | A temple built in Jerusalem by Solomon, the king of Israel. This temple served as a link between religious and political rules. | 35 | |
| 2812101059 | Monotheism | The belief in a single, all-powerful God. | 36 | |
| 2812101441 | Diaspora | The dispersion of the Jewish people throughout the Middle East. This first occured when the Neo-Assyrian Empire destroyed Israel and deported its occupants to Babylon and the surrounding areas. There, the Jews had such a prosperous life that they refused to return to Israel when offered by a later Persian monarch. | 37 | |
| 2812101442 | Phoenicians | A people occupying the land above Israel, refered to as Phoenicia. ________ were primarily interested in trade as a form of government, which was facilitated by the expanse of the Mediterranean to the west. | 38 | |
| 2812102088 | Carthage | A Phoenician colony in northern Africa. Carthage was one of the largest cities during that time period, and its power lied mainly in its navy and the fact that it controlled trade in the middle of the Mediterranean. | 39 | |
| 2812103124 | loess | A fine, light silt deposited by wind and water. It constitutes the fertile soil of the Yellow River Valley in northern China. Because ____ soil is not compacted, easily worked, but it leaves the region vulnerable to earthquakes. (p.58) | 40 | |
| 2812103125 | Shang | The dominant people in the earliest Chinese dynasty for which we have written records (ca. 1750-1027 B.C.E.). Ancestor worship, divination by means of oracle bones, and the use of bronze vessels for ritual purposes were major elements of ____ culture. (p. 59) | 41 | |
| 2812103126 | Zhou | The people and dynasty that took over the dominant position in north China from the Shang and created the concept of the Mandate of Heaven to justify their rule. The ___ era, particularly the vigorous early period (1027-771 B.C.E.), was remembered in Chinese tradition as a time of prosperity and benevolent rule. In the later ___ period (771-221 B.C.E.), centralized control broke down, and warfare among many small states became frequent. (p. 61) | 42 | |
| 2812103747 | Mandate of Heaven | Chinese religious and political ideology developed by the Zhou, according to which it was the prerogative of Heaven, the chief deity, to grant power to the ruler of China and to take away that power if the ruler failed to conduct himself justly and in the best interests of his subjects. (p. 61) | 43 | |
| 2812103748 | Confucius | Western name for the Chinese philosopher Kongzi (551-479 B.C.E.). His doctrine of duty and public service had a great influence on subsequent Chinese thought and served as a code of conduct for government officials. (p. 62) | 44 | |
| 2812104214 | Daoism | Chinese school of thought, originating in the Warring States Period with Laozi (604-531 B.C.E.). ____ offered an alternative to Confucian emphasis on hierarchy and duty. | 45 | |
| 2812104215 | Yin/Yang | In Chinese belief, complementary factors that help to maintain the equilibrium of the world. Yin is associated with masculine, light, and active qualities; yang with feminine, dark, and passive qualities. (p. 63) | 46 | |
| 2812104216 | Kush | An Egyptian name for Nubia, the region alongside the Nile River south of Egypt, where an indigenous kingdom with its own distinctive institutions and cultural traditions arose beginning in the early second millennium B.C.E. It was deeply influenced by Egyptian culture and at times under the control of Egypt, which coveted its rich deposits of gold and luxury products from sub-Saharan Africa carried up the Nile corridor. (p. 70) | 47 | |
| 2812105539 | Nomads | People without permanent, fixed places of residence, whose way of life and means subsistence require them to periodically migrate. | 48 | |
| 2812105540 | Steppe | An ecological region of grass- and shrub-covered plains that is treeless and too arid for agriculture | 49 | |
| 2812105735 | Herodotus | Heir to the technique of historia ("investigation/research") developed by the Greeks in the late Archaic period. | 50 | |
| 2812105736 | Scythians | Term used by the ancient Greeks for the nomadic peoples living on the steppe north of the Black and Caspian Seas. | 51 | |
| 2812105737 | Celts | Peoples sharing common linguistic and cultural features that originated in central Europe in the first half of the first millenium BCE. | 52 | |
| 2812106303 | Druids | The class of religious experts who conducted rituals and preserved sacred lore among some ancient Celtic peoples. | 53 |
Flashcards
AP Literature Lesson 5 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7621606970 | Adamant | uncompromising; unyielding | 0 | |
| 7621606971 | Clement | merciful; lenient | 1 | |
| 7621609308 | Cliche | A worn-out idea or overused expression | 2 | |
| 7621609309 | Diffident | lacking self-confidence | 3 | |
| 7621611656 | Disparity | A great difference | 4 | |
| 7621611657 | Extol | to praise highly | 5 | |
| 7621614474 | Inexorable | impossible to stop or prevent | 6 | |
| 7621614475 | Opus | a creative work, especially a numbered composition | 7 | |
| 7621617465 | Ostensible | apparent | 8 | |
| 7621617466 | Rancor | bitter resentment or ill-will | 9 |
World History Flashcards
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| 6854773541 | Describe the motivations for European expansion/exploration beginning in the 1400's. | The Motivations - quicker way to Asian goods - make alliances against Muslim powers - interest and desire for knowledge - Spread Christianity - "God, Glory, and Gold" (Glory=land, Gold=money) | 0 | |
| 6854773542 | Describe the first interatction between the Aztec and Spanish Conquistadors. | Spanish Conquistadors were "Gods" to the Aztecs because they had better weapons. So the Aztecs attacked them. | 1 | |
| 6854773543 | What advantages did the Spanish have over the Native Americans? | The Spanish had better weapons and army. They were more advanced then the Aztecs | 2 | |
| 6854773544 | Describe the initiation of the Slave Trade in Africa and its effect on African society. | Reasons: slaves from Africa were cheap and easy to get. Needed the slaves because of a labor shortage due to the large drop in natives population. Effects: Africa-decreases population. And harsh working conditions, but more goods coming to Africa from Europe. They were mad because their strongest men were being taken away. | 3 | |
| 6854773545 | Explain the Encomienda System and the criticism that surrounded it. | - labor force granted by the Spanish crown. This caused the encomienda to gain power. - The Natives were tied to the land and treated poorly. | 4 | |
| 6854773546 | Describe the mercantilism and explain its role in promoting colonization. | Mercantilism is a European Economic Theory that caused more exploration/colonization. It's role in promoting colonization is: - lots of gold/silver - exports more than you import - colonies needed more materials and a place to sell items. | 5 | |
| 6854773547 | 3 G's of Exploration | Motivation: "God, Glory, and Gold" | 6 | |
| 6854773548 | Aztecs | 1300-They settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew corn, engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region. Polytheistic. Participated in lots of sacrifice because they believed the sun gods needed human blood. Sacrificed warriors that they captured from other tribes and those who volunteered. Tenochtitlan. | 7 | |
| 6854773549 | Incas | A Native American people who built a notable civilization in western South America in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Francisco Pizarro of Spain conquered the empire. | 8 | |
| 6854773550 | Hernan Cortes | 1485-1547, Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico. | 9 | |
| 6854773551 | Middle Passage | - journey from Africa to the Americas - the middle portion of the triangular trade route - many Africans died on this journey | 10 | |
| 6854773552 | Mercantilism | Is a European Economic Theory that caused more exploration/colonization. | 11 | |
| 6854773553 | Triangular Trade | A three way system of trade during 1600s-1800s. Africa sent slaves to the Americas, Americas sent raw materials to Europe, and Europe sent manufactured goods to Africa. | 12 | |
| 6854773554 | Encomienda System | A grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America giving the right to demand a tribute and forced labor from the Native American inhabitants in an area. | 13 | |
| 6854773555 | Tenochtitlan | - Aztec's capital - where they did sacrifices - A city that was a part of the Aztec empire. Sig: its interesting environment led to the creation of chinampas and it led to trade between groups and cities. | 14 | |
| 6854773556 | What were the causes of expansion and decline in the Ottoman Empire? | Expansion: The Ottomans were able to rise to power because they were a military based empire "gunpowder empire." They also defeated the Byzantine Empire and renamed their capital Constantinople, Istanbul. Also made money from trade. Decline: The Ottoman Empire declined because their empire was too big and they didn't update weapons. The bureaucracy collapsed and became corrupt-poor tax collection. Janissaries: stayed too conservative and did not reform military tech. | 15 | |
| 6854773557 | Describe the criticisms of the voyages of Zheng He. | Once their Emperor, Yongle died, many officials saw expeditions as a waster of money and resources, and believed their should focus should be on the real threat; nomads to the north | 16 | |
| 6854773558 | How did the Qianlong Emperor respond to British requests for more ports in China? | The Qianlong Emperor didn't want any of the British manufacturers. The Chinese also thought that they were better than the British and didn't want anything from them. | 17 | |
| 6854773559 | What were the Japanese reasons for isolation? | To stop Western culture from conflict with Japanese culture | 18 | |
| 6854773560 | Ottoman Empire | (Muslim. They take over conquered people) the Ottomans start out as a nomadic group that defeats surrounding clans. This empire captured Constantinople (Istanbul) and became very prosperous | 19 | |
| 6854773561 | Isolationism | - no Christianity - no western influence 1853: Commodore Perry forces Japan to trade. Japan Industries | 20 | |
| 6854773562 | Zheng He | Largest expedition led by him in 1405. 300 ships, 27,000 crew. He made 7 voyages between 1405 and 1433. Brought some new goods | 21 | |
| 6854773563 | Qianlong Empire | Qianlong ruled from 1736-1795 in the Qing Dynasty and its experienced the greatest period of prosperity and reached its greatest physical size. | 22 | |
| 6854773564 | Tokugawa Shogunate | A group that ruled Japan from 1600-1850 B.C. This brought internal peace and economic prosperity. | 23 | |
| 6885354919 | How are the Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution connected? | They are connected because the philosophers were thinkers of the Enlightenment who spread these ideas. | 24 | |
| 6885354920 | What were some of the major ideas and beliefs of the Enlightenment thinkers? | - Human reads; could lead to better governing - improve from past - knowledge can transform human society | 25 | |
| 6885354921 | How did the structure of social classes in France lead to discontent and the beginning of the French Revolution? | 1st Estate: clergy 2nd Estate: nobility *1st and 2nd estate have power (money) 3rd Estate: townspeople-not a say in government Louis XVI was going against the Parliament | 26 | |
| 6885354922 | What were Robespierre's goals during the Reign of Terror? | - defending France from domestic threats - prosecuting counter-revolutionaries and traitors - de christianization | 27 | |
| 6885354923 | How effective was Napoleon at carrying out aims of the French Revolution/Enlightenment? | Napoleon was effective in his idea about finishing the French Revolution, however he was self centered and violent which was against the Enlightenment. | 28 | |
| 6885354924 | What led to the collapse of Napoleon's empire? | - Russia invaded Napoleon's empire and killed 550,000 soldiers - crippled French army defeated by other European powers, and Louis XVIII was restored to throne - French people loved Napoleon, the rest of Europe did not. | 29 | |
| 6885354925 | Who did other European countries support during the French Revolution? Why? | 30 | ||
| 6885354926 | What inspired Latin American revolutionary leaders? | The Enlightenment thinker ideas | 31 | |
| 6885354927 | What did Latin America remain economically dependent on Europe? | Latin America focused on exporting raw materials and importing from others | 32 | |
| 6885354928 | John Locke | He was a philosopher that believed that people are good and that they have natural rights. Sig: these natural rights were used to make the Bill of Rights | 33 | |
| 6885354929 | Social contract | The concept that an entire society agrees to be governed by its will and that all individuals should be forced to abide by it since it represents what is best for the community. Sig: people will be free and liberty is achieved | 34 | |
| 6885354930 | 3 Estates | 1st Estate: clergy 2nd Estate: nobility *1st and 2nd estate have power (money) 3rd Estate: townspeople-not a say in government Louis XVI was going against the Parliament | 35 | |
| 6885354931 | Louis XVI | The King of France during the majority of the French Revolution Sig: his bad leadership led to him being beheaded with the gouitine | 36 | |
| 6885354932 | Reign of Terror | A period where when Robespierre created the committee of public safety. The committee adopted policies that became known as the Reign of Terror. Sig: led to a lot of violence and unnecessary deaths | 37 | |
| 6885354933 | Deism | A belief that God is separate - philosophy | 38 | |
| 6885354934 | Robespierre | A violent ruler that created the Reign of Terror and the committee of public safety Sig: chaotic and uncivilized government | 39 | |
| 6885354935 | Bastille | - an old fortress used as a prison and armory - French Revolution - the rebels demolished Bastille | 40 | |
| 6885354936 | Monroe Doctrine | The Monroe Doctrine was made by President James Monroe in 1823. This declared that the Americans were off limits for any colonization efforts by Europeans. Monroe doesn't have any authority to say this because those countries don't belong to him | 41 | |
| 6886827149 | Describe why the Industrial Revolution began in Europe. | - more food - increase in food supply - plentiful natural resources (coal and steam engines) - supply of markets | 42 | |
| 6886888124 | Analyze the impact of the Industrial Revolution on social classes. | The middle class started to grow because they needed something to spend their money on. Families were more luxurious. Birmingham grew a lot because the technology improved and the population increased by 700,000 people. | 43 | |
| 6886888125 | Explain the poor working conditions in the Industrial factories and describe the ways the workers responded to the conditions in the factories. | - The working conditions were very dangerous. Women had to work in cotton mill and men worked in coal mines - They went on strike. The wanted a more safer way of working and higher wages. | 44 | |
| 6886888126 | How is socialism seen as a response to capitalism? Who are the groups involved and how does a society become socialist? | - in between capitalism and communism. people who were negatively effected by capitalism responded with socialism (stand up for rights). | 45 | |
| 6886888127 | Karl Marx | revolutionary socialist supporter from england | 46 | |
| 6886888128 | Socialism | - gov. Rakes over the means of production - people are paid wages based on need, difficulty, education needed - not necessarily equal - some private ownership - socials is he stage between Capitalism and Communism | 47 | |
| 6886888129 | Communism | - economic system - believes in collective ownership | 48 | |
| 6886888130 | Strike | workers refusing to work because they've been treated unfairly | 49 | |
| 6886888131 | Communist Manifesto | - Explains communism - there desire is that we own everything together: everyone is going to benefit | 50 | |
| 6886888132 | Proletariat | Working class - oppressed - had nothing | 51 | |
| 6886888133 | Bourgeoisie | Middle class - oppressors - money | 52 | |
| 6886888134 | Capitalism | - economic system -believes in private ownership and competition - leads to innovation and investment will lead to wealth - freedom and choice - you can work wherever, do whatever - if you get hurt, you get fired - monopolies: to much control | 53 | |
| 6886888135 | Describe the motivations for 19th Century Imperialism, especially for Germany and Italy. | Political: wanted colonies Cultural: racism (social Darwinism) Strategic: rivalry with other countries Economic: wanted raw materials and markets | 54 | |
| 6886888136 | Describe the results of imperialism in Africa. | - only Liberia and Ethiopia remained free states - system of indirect rule by British was corrupt - French colonies were under direct rule | 55 | |
| 6886888137 | What is the significance of the 1911 Revolution in China? | Sun-Yat-Sen was calling for help from Western countries. They were some what successful because although it wasn't really a rebellion, they still ended old order and eventually gain western influence. | 56 | |
| 6886888138 | What was the significance of the Meiji Restoration in Japan? | To get rid of the Shogun | 57 | |
| 6886888139 | Commodore Matthew Perry | Military leader of Us who went to China and demanded stranded US sailors to be returned to US and for a trading deal to be established(brought guns and threatened for this to happen). Resulted in the return of these sailors and the opening of 2 trading ports. | 58 | |
| 6886888140 | Scramble for Africa | Is when European countries wanted Africa for its raw materials and the desire to build the Suez Canal | 59 | |
| 6886888141 | Opium Wars | - Chinese crackdown on opium in 1836 when millions of pounds of opium was seized from Western merchants and destroyed (the British was mad) - The British sent naval expedition to China - The British won - After the war the British take more control over China | 60 | |
| 6886888142 | Taiping Rebellion | - The Rebellion was from 1850-1864 led by a leader who claimed to be the younger brother of Jesus - It failed - The Qing Dynasty weakened (looked weak b/c they had to ask for help from other countries - 20 to 30 million people died - rebel forces were crushed in 1864 with Wester military support | 61 | |
| 6886888143 | Boxer Rebellion | - ain't foreign movement - "Boxers killed many Europeans and Chinese Christians and attacked the foreign embassies in Beijing | 62 | |
| 6886888144 | Qing Dynasty | - Manchu Dynasty - huge empire - Foreigners invaded from Manchuria, but adopted Chinese culture and Confucian style of government | 63 | |
| 6886888145 | Meiji Restoration | - Emperor (figure head) - Daimyo (Shogun took over Daimyo) - Samurai - Peasants - Caused Japan to modernize and become powerful at an extremely fast pace. New army, new education, social reform. Traditional values still in place. | 64 | |
| 6886888146 | Russo-Japanese War | - Japanese beat Russia (embarrassing for Russia) - Gained sphere of influence in Korea | 65 | |
| 6888171323 | Explain the significance of German and Italian unification. | Nationalism had unified Germany and Italy and was becoming more and more popular. - The French wanted Alsace-Lorraine back from Germany, which they had lost during German unification under Bismarck | 66 | |
| 6888171324 | Describe the M.A.I.N causes of World War I and understand how each led to war. | • Militarism - glorification and expansion of the military - countries began to build up their militaries and spend money on military training - domino effect: when one country enhanced its military, other countries would do the same • Alliances - defense agreements among nations - Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy (who later switches sides and will be replaced) - Triple Entente: Great Britain, Russia, and France • Imperialism - European countries competed for territory and economic power all over the world. Especially in Africa, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, China, and the Balkans • Nationalism - it unified Germany and Italy and was becoming more and more popular - In Austrian Empire: nationalism was creating the most violent tensions in Europe - Pan-Slavism: Slavic nationalism. Desire to unite all of the Slavic people under one empire (people wanted their gov. To represent their culture) | 67 | |
| 6888171325 | Describe the impact of trench warfare. | - used on the Western Front - complex systems of trenches and tunnels - soldiers would be in them for several weeks at a time - soldiers suffered from boredom, disease, rats, mud, cold, standing water - "trench foot" | 68 | |
| 6888171326 | Analyze how the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand led to the outbreak of World War I. | - He was the heir to the throne in Austria-Hungary. - He controlled Austria-Hungary with a very big Slavic population | 69 | |
| 6888171327 | Describe the development of new technologies that emerged during WWI and their impact. | • U-Boats: German submarines. to shoot boats from under water • airships • machine guns • giant artillery guns • tanks • airplanes: little and light • poison gas • gas masks • tanks | 70 | |
| 6888171328 | Explain how WWI was a total war. | • Total War: countries involved used every resource available for the war effort • Examples: - hole in the workforce because the war took any men old enough to fight - women went to work in factories (women got voting rights) - poor people benefited from new work - factories made war products instead of their domestic products | 71 | |
| 6888171329 | Explain why Russia pulled out of WWI. | - They pulled out of the war because of the Communist Revolution in 1917. - Russia suffered harsh defeats by German armies - Russia lost millions of men, supplies, ammunition, guns, etc. - Morale in Russia = VERY LOW - Even though Russia suffered their efforts eloped the Allies over the Western Front | 72 | |
| 6888171330 | What were the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles. | - ended up being very weak - U.S. Senate rufused to join - not well enforced - not strong enough to stop WWII - collapsed in 1940 - Germany had to pay for all the damages and if they didn't sign they would be invaded | 73 | |
| 6888934339 | Militarism | Glorification and expansion of the military | 74 | |
| 6888934340 | Alliances | Defense agreements among nations - Triple Alliance - Triple Entente | 75 | |
| 6888934341 | Nationalism | Extreme pride in one's country | 76 | |
| 6888934342 | Trench warfare | complex systems of trenches and tunnels used in the Western Fronts | 77 | |
| 6888934343 | Stalemate on the Western Front | - both sides continued to fight with neither side making any real progress - both sides were losing troops, ammunition, supplies, food, medicine, etc. - both sides had to change their war strategy - recruitment of civilians - propaganda = used by the government to make the enemy look beauty and inhuman | 78 | |
| 6888934344 | U-boats | German submarines used to shoot other boats from underwater | 79 | |
| 6888934345 | Allied Powers | Great Britain France Russia (leaves) - U.S.A. | 80 | |
| 6888934346 | Central Powers | Germany Austrian Empire Italy (switches sides) - Ottoman Empire | 81 | |
| 6888934347 | Unrestricted submarine warfare | Submarines attacked without warning and attacked commercial ships too | 82 | |
| 6888934348 | Total War | Countries involved used every resource available for the war effort | 83 | |
| 6888934349 | Paris Peace Conference | - Signing of 5 separate peace treaties. Most decisions made by the "Big Four", U.S., Britain, France, and Italy. - Signing of the Treaty of Versailles. - Italy walked out of the Paris Peace Conference | 84 | |
| 6888934350 | Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points | - Trying to restore peace - freedom of the seas - removal of international trade barriers - reduction in arms - end to secret alliances - adjustment of European boundaries according to nationality - 14 Points: guiding framework for peace settlement | 85 | |
| 6888934351 | League of Nations | - ended up being very weak - U.S. Senate refused to join - Not enforced well - Not strong enough to stop WWII - collapsed in 1940 | 86 | |
| 6889041283 | Treaty of Versailles | 1. Territorial Provisions were designed to weaken German military and industry 2. Forced Germany to give p all of its overseas colonies to benefit Britain, France, Australia, and Japan 3. Disarmament (banned) 4. War guilt clause and reparations - Germany had to accept all responsibility for the war, had to pay for all damages | 87 | |
| 6889030845 | Explain the causes of the Russian Revolution. | - suffering under autocracy government (czar has absolute power) - weak leadership of Czar Nicholas II (lose) - poor working conditions, low wages, and hazards of industrialization - Russo Japanese War = Russians lose to Japanese and is an embarrassment. | 88 | |
| 6889030846 | Alexander II | - He tried to help his people by freeing the serfs in 1861 (Russia) - freed the serfs | 89 | |
| 6889030847 | Nicholas II | He was a Czar who had to step down. He was a weak leader leading into WWI | 90 | |
| 6889030848 | Vladimir Lenin | Did war communism so during war so he could win. Was a Red (Communist). Took over factories (war communism) | 91 | |
| 6889030849 | Bolsheviks | Reds (Communist). The winning side and they found against the Whites. | 92 | |
| 6889030850 | Why did fascism arise in Italy and Germany following World War I? | Fascism is a political philosophy that advocates the glorification of the state. extreme nationalism - one ruler - whatever the state says goes (absolute authority) Mussolini (Italy): he wanted to take over all the Italian speaking countries that were around Italy. one political party. black shirts, his private military. Hitler(Germany): He wanted everyone to be German. Took over other countries | 93 | |
| 6889030851 | Describe how totalitarian dictatorships in Europe. | A totalitarian government is a dictatorship with absolute control. Hitler came to power by joining the Nazi Party. Then people liked his ideas and he was chancellor. The president died and Hitler gained control Mussolini came to power because he had good ideas | 94 | |
| 6889030852 | Explain the use of propaganda before and during World War II? | Propaganda made the countries look better then they really are. But in reality they really weren't. Brain washing. | 95 | |
| 6889030853 | Adolph Hitler | Hitler was a German Nazi who hated Jews and was part of the Nazi Party. Hitler wanted to gain control of all the countries and make them part of Germany. First took over Czechoslovakia, Poland, Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Belgium, France, and tried to take over Britain but failed. Fascist. | 96 | |
| 6889030854 | Benito Mussolini | Mussolini was Italian dictator. Fascist. | 97 | |
| 6889030855 | Joseph Stalin | Leader of the Soviet Union. Burned downed everything so Germany wouldn't take anything. Became leader because Lenin had died. | 98 | |
| 6889030856 | Fascism | Fascism is a political philosophy that advocates the glorification of the state. extreme nationalism. | 99 | |
| 6889030857 | Propaganda | - used by the government to make the enemy look beastly and inhuman - make a country look better than what they really are (lying to the people) | 100 | |
| 6889030858 | Totalitarian | A totalitarian government is a dictatorship with absolute control. | 101 | |
| 6889261733 | Describe how the militarization of Japan and Germany led to World War I. | - Japan bombed Pearl Harbor - Germany was powerful and the other democracies were weak and Germany could do whatever they wanted. Then countries joined together to beat Germany because enough was enough. | 102 | |
| 6889261734 | Explain how attempts at appeasement led to war in Europe. | - appeasement: satisfying reasonable demands of dissatisfied powers in an effort to maintain peace and stability - Hitler saw appeasement as a sign that other powers would not interfere with his plans for domination, so he continued to take over other countries. France and Britain realized that appeasement failed so they agreed to protect Poland. When Hitler invaded Poland, they declared war on Germany. | 103 | |
| 6889261735 | Analyze the causes of the outbreak of war in the Pacific. | Europe-germany was lying about who they were attacking, so other countries declared war on them Pacific-japan was attacking everyone and they attacked pearl harbor to make sure US didn't join war, but it just made US join. | 104 | |
| 6889261736 | Explain why and how the United States become involved in World War II. | - They gave necessary materials to the allied powers. - They joined the war because of the bombing of Pearl Harbor | 105 | |
| 6889261737 | Identify major turning points in World War II in the defeat of the Germans. | - Loss of the Soviet Union - Loss in the Battle of Britain | 106 | |
| 6889261738 | Explain how WWII came to an end in Europe and in the Pacific. | Europe: D-Day, Hitler commits suicide, Germany surrenders Pacific-Use of atomic bombs | 107 | |
| 6889261739 | Appeasement | Appeasement Britain urges appeasement in order to keep peace France and Britain do nothing Emboldens and encourages Hitler. | 108 | |
| 6889261740 | Blitzkrieg | "Lightning war" Uses surprise, speed, and overwhelming air and ground attacks The Germans had fast moving tanks and other motorized equipment that made it possible or them to complete their blitzkrieg attack in Europe. | 109 | |
| 6889261741 | Pearl Harbor | - On December 7, 1941, Japan attacks US Naval forces at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. - Known as "a date that will live in infamy" - Over 2,300 Americans killed - US declared war on Japan | 110 | |
| 6889261742 | Battle of Britain | - Began in the summer of 1940 - Germany begins to bomb Britain hoping to force the country to surrender - Royal Air force holds back German air raids - Winston Churchill shows the world that Germany could be blocked - Hitler calls off his attacks to focus on the Mediterranean and Eastern Europe | 111 | |
| 6889261743 | D-Day | - Operation Overlord - Invasion orchestrated by General Dwight D. Eisenhower - Strike on Germany fortifications in northwestern France - Involved 3 million troops - Thousands of war technologies - Forces Nazi occupation to retreat from Western Europe | 112 | |
| 6889261744 | Island hopping | To capture some Japanese-held islands and to bypass others to reach Japan | 113 | |
| 6889261745 | Holocaust | - Systematic mass slaughter of Jews and other groups judged inferior by the Nazis - Nuremberg Laws passed that limit the rights of Jews - Emigration of Jews from Germany continue until 1939 | 114 | |
| 6889261746 | Final Solution | - A program of genocide, or systematic killing of an entire people. - Mass gassing of Jews. | 115 | |
| 6889261747 | Manhattan Project | To discuss atomic bomb dropping | 116 | |
| 6889261748 | Atomic Bomb | - First nuclear device built and used in war(the manhattan project) - Two bombs dropped(hiroshima and nagasaki) - Japan officially surrenders because U.S. dropped a bomb on them. | 117 | |
| 6889296167 | Axis Powers | Germany Italy Japan * All Fascist | 118 | |
| 6889296168 | Allies | Great Britain (Democracy) France (Democracy) U.S. (Democracy) Russia-U.S.S.R. (Communist) | 119 | |
| 6892953769 | Analyze the response of the Allies to the situation in Europe after World War II. | 120 | ||
| 6892953770 | Compare and contrast the goals and visions of the United States and Soviet Union for postwar Europe. | compare- wanted to rehabilitate it contrast- us- help each country have their own individual democratic governments soviet union- communist countries | 121 | |
| 6892953771 | Explain how the United States reacted to the outbreak of war in Korea. | 122 | ||
| 6892953772 | How was the Cold War a reflection of the American policy of containment? | 123 | ||
| 6892953773 | Explain how the Cold War was different from previous conflicts. | 124 | ||
| 6892953774 | What is the significance of China's communism during the Cold War Era? | 125 | ||
| 6893087048 | Cold War | a state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare, in particular. | 126 | |
| 6893087049 | Iron Curtain | separation between communist and democratic europe (berlin wall) | 127 | |
| 6893087050 | Truman Doctrine | the principle that the US should give support to countries or peoples threatened by Soviet forces or communist insurrection. First expressed in 1947 by US President Truman in a speech to Congress seeking aid for Greece and Turkey, the doctrine was seen by the communists as an open declaration of the Cold War. | 128 | |
| 6893087051 | Marshall Plan | A program by which the United States gave large amounts of economic aid to European countries to help them rebuild after the devastation of World War II. It was proposed by the United States secretary of state, General George C. Marshall. | 129 | |
| 6893087052 | Containment | the action of keeping something harmful under control or within limits. | 130 | |
| 6893087053 | Berlin Airlift | Joint effort by the US and Britain to fly food and supplies into W Berlin after the Soviet blocked off all ground routes into the city. | 131 | |
| 6893087054 | Proxy Wars | - they occur when two powers in conflict use substitutes instead of fighting each other directly - ex. The U.S. And U.S.S.R wouldn't really fight | 132 | |
| 6893087055 | Korean War | Korean War was a war that was fought between United Nations forces and those of North Korea (at first) and then North Korea and China. the United Nations forces were mostly American and were led by American generals. Motive was to fight to keep communism or fight to keep communism out. | 133 | |
| 6893087056 | Vietnam War | - South Vietnamese had more people, but North Vietnamese were better at guerrilla warfare - U.S. got involved because Lyndon Johnson announced that North Vietnam had fired 2 U.S. ships off the coast of Vietnam - Americans could not defeat the Communists - U.S. was afraid of communism gaining more ground - U.S. approved of secret South Vietnamese naval raids against North Vietnam | 134 | |
| 6893087057 | Cuban Missile Crisis | broght the unitd states and societ union closer to a nuclear war | 135 | |
| 6893087058 | Space Race | Separation in Berlin in Germany between democratic and communist | 136 | |
| 6893119282 | Berlin Wall | To separate the democratic area of Berlin from the rest of the communist East Germany | 137 | |
| 6893087059 | Sputnik | first artificial earth satellite in space | 138 | |
| 6893087060 | United Nations | A peace keeping organization for countries who wanted to keep peace between them | 139 | |
| 6893087061 | Mao Zedong | chairman of the communist party in China | 140 | |
| 6893087062 | Great Leap Forward | industrial strategy to advance themselves as quickly as possible | 141 |
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