Industrial Revolution - AP World History Flashcards
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| 5971316727 | Crystal Palace | location of the Great Exhibition in 1851 in London, an architectural masterpiece made of glass an iron | 0 | |
| 5971320003 | Iron law of wages | theory proposed by David Ricardo suggesting that population growth prevents wages from rising above subsistence level | 1 | |
| 5971325533 | Tariff Protection | government's way of supporting its own economy by laying high taxes on imported goods from other countries | 2 | |
| 5971329590 | Factory Act of 1833 | English law that led to decline in the employment of children; limited hours that children over age nine could work, banned employment of children under age nine | 3 | |
| 5971345647 | Separate spheres | gender division of labor with the wife at home as mother and homemaker and husband as wage-earner | 4 | |
| 5971347674 | Mines Act of 1842 | English law prohibiting underground work for all women and girls/boys under ten | 5 | |
| 5971353266 | Luddities | group of handicraft workers who attacked factories in northern England in 1811 and smashed new machines that believed put them out of work | 6 | |
| 5971356808 | Class-consciousness | an individual's sense of class differentiation, a term introduced by Karl Marx | 7 | |
| 5971361084 | Congress of Vienna | meeting of Quadruple Alliance (Russia, Prussia, Austria, Great Britain, France ), held in 1814-1815 for a general peace settlement to defeat Napoleonic France | 8 | |
| 5971369548 | Conservatism | a political philosophy that stressed retaining traditional values and institutions, including a hereditary monarchy and a strong aristocracy | 9 | |
| 5971374657 | Liberalism | philosophy that stressed equality and liberty; demanded representative government and equality before the law, freedom of press, speech assembly, and arbitrary arrest | 10 | |
| 5971385457 | Laissez Faire | doctrine of economic liberalism advocating unrestricted private enterprise and no government interference in the economy | 11 | |
| 5971388872 | Nationalism | idea that each people had its own genius and its own cultural unity, which manifested itself in common language and history, serve as basis for an independent political state | 12 | |
| 5971394088 | Socialism | radical political doctrine that opposed individualism and the fragmentation of society that advocated international cooperation/sense of community, key ideas were economic planning, economic equality, state regulation of property | 13 | |
| 5971400509 | Bourgeoisie | well-educated, prosperous, middle-class groups | 14 | |
| 5971403644 | Zionism | movement toward Jewish political nationhood started by Theodor Herzl | 15 | |
| 5971409943 | Revisionism | effort by various socialists to update Marxist doctrines to reflect realities of the time | 16 |
AP WORLD HISTORY ERA 2 Flashcards
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| 7817129649 | Autonomy | self governing | 0 | |
| 7817133529 | Hellenistic | the spread of Greek culture | 1 | |
| 7817222920 | satrapy | a province with a governor to rule it | 2 | |
| 7817230390 | Socrates | Greek philosopher who questioned everything | 3 | |
| 7817233486 | Hannibal | from Carthage; invaded Rome with elephants | 4 | |
| 7817236986 | Yellow Turbans | Peasant revolts during the Han dynasty | 5 | |
| 7826870925 | Sargon of Akkad | Ruled the first empire; the Akkadian empire | 6 | |
| 7826896948 | hegemony | one government is dominant over another but with the consent of the governed | 7 | |
| 7826923520 | Hittites | conquered Babylon, had iron weapons | 8 | |
| 7826945763 | Cyrus the Great | founder of the Persian empire | 9 | |
| 7827000528 | Darius | A Persian emperor who greatly improved the empire | 10 | |
| 7827330124 | Minoans | People who settled in Crete and made their living through trade | 11 | |
| 7827450840 | confucianism | patriarchal; consists of 5 fundamental relationships; Han dynasty and on | 12 | |
| 7827477476 | daoism | thought government should leave people alone; nature loving | 13 | |
| 7827503207 | Emperor Wu | established an imperial academy and civil service exams; was a woman | 14 | |
| 7827532747 | Xiongnu | barbarians with consant warfare against China | 15 | |
| 7827352091 | Mycenaeans | early Greeks who traded with the Minoans | 16 | |
| 7827380123 | Helots | People captured by the Spartans; they either had limited rights or were slaves | 17 | |
| 7827409431 | Polis | Greek city states | 18 | |
| 7827415305 | Agora | a town square or market place | 19 | |
| 7827435948 | Homer | A Greek poet who wrote the Odyssey and the Iliad | 20 | |
| 7827521283 | Peloponnesian War | The Macedonians conquered Greece when they were busy fighting each other | 21 | |
| 7827571188 | benevolent despotism | Allowing place to keep their cultures, religions and customs (as long as they behaved) | 22 | |
| 7827582595 | 476 CE | End of Roman Empire | 23 | |
| 7827594970 | Pax Romana | "Roman Peace" | 24 | |
| 7827612579 | centuries | a unit of 100 soldiers in the Roman army | 25 | |
| 7827618368 | Punic Wars | a series of three wars between Rome and Carthage; Rome won | 26 | |
| 7827627824 | Plebians | the common citizens in Rome | 27 | |
| 7827665400 | Aryans | a group of people that assimilated with India | 28 | |
| 7827676514 | Vedas | Hindu holy texts | 29 | |
| 7827641180 | Patricians | the wealthy upper class Roman citizens | 30 | |
| 7827683962 | Julius Caesar | Roman emperor who made many great developments; was assassinated by the senators | 31 | |
| 7827709547 | Octavian/Augustus | Took over after Julius Caesar; made himself a God | 32 | |
| 7827726817 | triumvirate | A group of three leaders who together held the power in Rome | 33 | |
| 7827742661 | Rock and Pillar Edicts | reminders to live good lives put up by Asoka | 34 | |
| 7827749548 | stupas | monuments dedicated to the Buddha | 35 | |
| 7827762134 | Gupta Empire | the golden age of India | 36 | |
| 7827772417 | Chandra Gupta I | the first emperor of the Gupta empire | 37 | |
| 7827783452 | caste system | a system, based from birth, your political, economic and ritual position | 38 | |
| 7827811053 | Ashoka | converted India to Buddhism | 39 | |
| 7827650939 | Paterfamilias | Men had complete control over the family | 40 | |
| 7827663682 | Bread and circuses | food and entertainment (gladiatorial fights) to entertain the unemployed | 41 | |
| 7827591373 | sinicization | foreigners being absorbed by the Chinese and adopted Chinese language and culture | 42 | |
| 7827782708 | artha-sastra | Mauryan manual for politics and economics | 43 | |
| 7827795019 | Law of the Fish | larger states would swallow up bigger ones; India | 44 | |
| 7827510317 | Delian League | A league for allies of Athens; they had to pay a tribute | 45 | |
| 7827478948 | Battle of Marathon | Greek war against Persia; the messenger ran 26.2 miles to tell the news of the victory then died | 46 | |
| 7827469154 | phalanxes | columns of soldiers in tightly packed rows | 47 | |
| 7827449078 | Athens | Greek city state with a democracy; on the coast | 48 | |
| 7827723837 | Mauryan Empire | founded by Chandragupta Maurya; established standard weights and measurements | 49 | |
| 7827317118 | legalism | said that social harmony could only be achieved through strict laws and government; Qin dynasty | 50 | |
| 7827708747 | Janapada | political district in India; ruler determined by lineage | 51 |
AP World History Strayer Chapter 2 Flashcards
Second Ed. Book
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| 5034098771 | Norte Chico | A region along the coast of Peru that possessed a highly-developed urban culture as early as 2500 B.C.E. Characterized by massive stepped pyramids and extensive use of cotton. |  | 0 |
| 5034098772 | Indus Valley | 3rd millennium BC, Elaborately planned cities, standardized measures, irrigated agriculture, written language, no temples kings etc., had a lot of land, no political hierarchy, was abandoned because of mass deforestation, low crop yields, famine, environmental deterioration, etc. their influence continued even to this day (i.e. yoga). Important because it shows how we developed in our cities and economy. |  | 1 |
| 5034098773 | Central Asian/Oxus Civilization | Present day Afgainistan. Large gates and walls. Social hierarchy. focal point for a "Eurasian-wide system of intellectual and commercial exchange. |  | 2 |
| 5034098774 | Olmec Civilization | earliest known American civilization, located in southern Mexico and known for its pyramids and huge stone heads |  | 3 |
| 5034098775 | Uruk | an ancient Sumerian city in Southern Iraq, near the Euphrates, important before 2000 b.c. : exclusive archaeological excavations, notably of a ziggurat and of tablets with very early Sumerian script. |  | 4 |
| 5034098776 | Mohenjo-Daro / Harappa | the two main cities of india, know as twin capitals and both 3 miles in circumference |  | 5 |
| 5034098777 | Epic of Gilgemesh | Mesopotamian flood story that includes legends and myths, the friendship of Gilgamesh and Enkidu |  | 6 |
| 5034098778 | Code of Hammurabi | A collection of 282 laws which were enforced under Hammurabi's Rule. One of the first examples of written law in the ancient civilizations. |  | 7 |
| 5034098779 | Patriarchy | A form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the male line |  | 8 |
| 5034098780 | Rise of the State | A process of centralization that took place in the First Civilizations, growing out of the greater complexity or urban life in recognition of the need for coordination, regulation, adjudication, and military leadership |  | 9 |
| 5034098781 | Egypt: "the gift of the Nile" | provided annual and predictable flooding that benefited and provided a sustainable lifestyle for this civilization, also gave them a stable and positive worldview, proved unty and independence and security |  | 10 |
| 5034098782 | Nubia | A civilization to the south of Egypt in the Nile Valley, noted for development of an alphabetic writing system and a major iron working industry by 500 BCE |  | 11 |
| 5034098783 | Paneb | Egyptian criminal. His story is a good example of the darker underside of Egypt. How reliable it is is under question because almost all of the information we have comes from his rival. |  | 12 |
Flashcards
AP Psychology Learning Unit Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 8583073198 | learning | a relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience | 0 | |
| 8583073199 | habituation | an organism's decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to it | 1 | |
| 8583073200 | associative learning | learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning) | 2 | |
| 8583073201 | classical conditioning | a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events | 3 | |
| 8583073202 | behaviorism | the view that psychology: (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2) | 4 | |
| 8583073203 | unconditioned response (UR) | in classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth | 5 | |
| 8583073204 | unconditioned stimulus (US) | in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally - naturally and automatically - triggers a response | 6 | |
| 8583073205 | conditioned response (CR) | in classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS) | 7 | |
| 8583073206 | conditioned stimulus (CS) | in classical conditioned, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response | 8 | |
| 8583073207 | acquisition | in classical conditioning, the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response | 9 | |
| 8583073208 | higher-order conditioning | a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus. (For example, an animal that has learned that a tone predicts food might then learn that a light predicts the tone and begin responding to the light alone.) (Also called Second-Order Conditioning) | 10 | |
| 8583073209 | extinction | the diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when a unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS); occurs in operant condition when a response is no longer reinforced | 11 | |
| 8583073210 | spontaneous recovery | the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response | 12 | |
| 8583073211 | generalization | the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit responses | 13 | |
| 8583073212 | discrimination | in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus | 14 | |
| 8583073213 | learned helplessness | the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events | 15 | |
| 8583073214 | respondent behavior | behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus | 16 | |
| 8583073215 | operant conditioning | a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforce or diminished followed by a punisher | 17 | |
| 8583073216 | operant behavior | behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences |  | 18 |
| 8583073217 | law of effect | Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, or where behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely | 19 | |
| 8583073218 | operant chamber | in operant conditioning research, a chamber (also known as a Skinner box) containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain food or water reinforce; attached devices record the animal's rate of bar pressing or key pecking | 20 | |
| 8583073219 | shaping | an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior | 21 | |
| 8583073220 | discriminative stimulus | in operant conditioning, a stimulus that elicits a response after association with reinforcement (in contrast to related stimuli not associated with reinforcement) | 22 | |
| 8583073221 | reinforce | in operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows | 23 | |
| 8583073222 | positive reinforcement | increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforce in any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response | 24 | |
| 8583073223 | negative reinforcement | increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli, such as shock. A negative reinforce is any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response (negative reinforcement is not punishment) | 25 | |
| 8583073224 | primary reinforce | an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need | 26 | |
| 8583073225 | conditioned reinforcer | a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforce; also known as a secondary reinforce | 27 | |
| 8583073226 | continuous reinforcement | reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs | 28 | |
| 8583073227 | partial (intermittent) reinforcement | reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement | 29 | |
| 8583073228 | fixed-ratio schedule | in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses | 30 | |
| 8583073229 | variable-ratio schedule | in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses | 31 | |
| 8583073230 | fixed-interval schedule | in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed | 32 | |
| 8583073231 | variable-interval schedule | in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals | 33 | |
| 8583073232 | punishment | an event that decreases the behavior that it follows | 34 | |
| 8583073233 | cognitive map | a mental representation of the layout of one's environment. (For example, after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it) | 35 | |
| 8583073234 | latent learning | learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it | 36 | |
| 8583073235 | insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem | 37 | |
| 8583073236 | intrinsic motivation | a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake | 38 | |
| 8583073237 | extrinsic motivation | a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment | 39 | |
| 8583073238 | observational learning | learning by observing others (also social learning) | 40 | |
| 8583073239 | modeling | the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior | 41 | |
| 8583073240 | mirror neurons | frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. The brain's mirroring of another's actions may enable imitation and empathy | 42 | |
| 8583073241 | prosocial behavior | positive, constructive, helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior | 43 | |
| 8583073242 | little albert | subject in John Watson's experiment, proved classical conditioning principles, especially the generalization of fear | 44 | |
| 8583073243 | Albert Bandura | researcher famous for work in observational or social learning including the famous Bobo doll experiment | 45 | |
| 8583073244 | John Garcia | Researched taste aversion. Showed that when rats ate a novel substance before being nauseated by a drug or radiation, they developed a conditioned taste aversion for the substance. | 46 | |
| 8583073245 | Ivan Pavlov | Russian physiologist who observed conditioned salivary responses in dogs (1849-1936) | 47 | |
| 8583073246 | Rosalie Rayner | graduate student of Watson and co-researcher for the famous Little Albert demonstration of classically conditioned emotion | 48 | |
| 8583073247 | Martin Seligman | researcher known for work on learned helplessness and learned optimism as well as positive psychology | 49 | |
| 8583073248 | B.F. Skinner | pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons and rats. | 50 | |
| 8583073249 | Edward Thorndike | Pioneer in operant conditioning who discovered concepts in intstrumental learning such as the law of effect. Known for his work with cats in puzzle boxes. | 51 | |
| 8583073250 | John Watson | behaviorism; emphasis on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation; famous for Little Albert study in which a baby was taught to fear a white rat | 52 | |
| 8583073251 | biofedback | a technique that trains people to improve their health by controlling certain bodily processes that normally happen involuntarily, such as heart rate, blood pressure, muscle tension, and skin temperature. | 53 | |
| 8583073252 | observational learning | learning by observing others | 54 | |
| 8583073253 | aversion theory | Aversion therapy is a form of behavior therapy in which an aversive (causing a strong feeling of dislike or disgust) stimulus is paired with an undesirable behavior in order to reduce or eliminate that behavior. | 55 |
AP Psychology - Language and Cognition Flashcards
Advanced Placement Psychology
Enterprise High School, Redding, CA
All terms from Myers Psychology for AP (BFW Worth, 2011)
Terms : Hide Images
| 8236160927 | cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. |  | 0 |
| 8236160928 | concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people. |  | 1 |
| 8236160929 | prototype | a mental image or best example of a category. |  | 2 |
| 8236160930 | algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier—but also more error-prone—use of heuristics. |  | 3 |
| 8236160931 | heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms. |  | 4 |
| 8236160932 | insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions. |  | 5 |
| 8236160933 | behaviorist theory | the theory of language development that argues humans learn language through trial/error and gradually learn more effective ways to speak to get what they want |  | 6 |
| 8236160934 | confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence. |  | 7 |
| 8236160935 | fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set. |  | 8 |
| 8236160936 | mental set | a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past. |  | 9 |
| 8236160937 | functional fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving. |  | 10 |
| 8236160938 | representativeness heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information. |  | 11 |
| 8236160939 | availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common. |  | 12 |
| 8236160940 | nativist theory | the theory of language development that states that humans have a natural, innate ability to develop language (theorized by Chomsky) |  | 13 |
| 8236160941 | belief perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited. |  | 14 |
| 8236160942 | Language Acquisition Device | this structure allows for the innate development of language (theorized by Chomsky) |  | 15 |
| 8236160943 | framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments. |  | 16 |
| 8236160944 | language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning. |  | 17 |
| 8236160945 | phoneme | in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit. |  | 18 |
| 8236160946 | morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix). |  | 19 |
| 8236160947 | grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others. |  | 20 |
| 8236160948 | semantics | the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning. |  | 21 |
| 8236160949 | syntax | the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language. |  | 22 |
| 8236160950 | babbling stage | babies spontaneously uttering a variety of words, such as ah-goo |  | 23 |
| 8236160951 | one-word stage | the stage in which children speak mainly in single words | | 24 |
| 8236160952 | two-word stage | they start uttering two word sentences | | 25 |
| 8236160953 | telegraphic speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram—"go car"—using mostly nouns and verbs. |  | 26 |
| 8236160954 | linguistic determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think. |  | 27 |
| 8236160955 | aphasia | loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage. | 28 | |
| 8236160956 | Broca's area | a region of the brain concerned with the production of speech | 29 | |
| 8236160957 | Wernicke's area | a region of the brain concerned with the comprehension of language | 30 |
AP Human Geography- Chapter 5 (Language) Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7649697970 | Lingua Franca | A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages. | 0 | |
| 7649708159 | Sino-Tibetan Languages | Sinitic Branch- Mandarin, Wu, areas of China and Taiwan, Mandarin is the most used language in China Other Asian Language Families- Tai Kadai, Vietnamese, Japanese, Korean, uses logograms |  | 1 |
| 7649752438 | Indo European Languages | Germanic Branch- English and German Indo Iranian- Hindu, Persian, Pashto, Kurdish Balto Slavic- Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusan, Polish |  | 2 |
| 7649782649 | Creole | A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated. | 3 | |
| 7649794040 | Pidgin | A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages. | 4 | |
| 7649820571 | Dialect | A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation. | 5 | |
| 7649831174 | Extinct Languages | A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer practiced. | 6 | |
| 7649831175 | Revived Languages | A language that has experienced near or complete extinction as either a spoken or written language, has been intentionally revived and has regained some of its former status. | 7 | |
| 7650156413 | Denglish | Combination of English and German | 8 | |
| 7650157936 | Ebonics | A dialect spoken by some African Americans | 9 | |
| 7650161332 | Franglais | Combination of French and English | 10 | |
| 7650164281 | Isogloss | A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate. | 11 | |
| 7650165780 | Isolated Language | A language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any language family. | 12 | |
| 7650165781 | Language Branch | A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. Differences are not as extensive or as old with language families, and archaeological evidence can confirm that the branches derived from the same family. | 13 | |
| 7650167595 | Language Family | A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before common history. | 14 | |
| 7650167596 | Language Group | A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary. | 15 | |
| 7650170381 | Spanglish | The combination of English and Spanish | 16 | |
| 7650170547 | Standard Language | The form of language used for official government business, education, and mass communication. | 17 | |
| 7661975342 | (F)erris (B)ueller (G)ets a (L)azy (D)ay | Family, Branch, Group, Language, Dialect | 18 |
Sampling and Theory Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6327592313 | What is sampling? | A sample is a subset taken from the target population (population of interest) | 0 | |
| 6327687741 | population | The population shares common characteristics that you, the researcher, define before your study begins. | 1 | |
| 6327695511 | target population | Target population is the group from which you can select a sample (from the population you have defined) | 2 | |
| 6327786747 | Sampling Plan | How you put it all together and follow through with design - Qualitative, Quantitative? | 3 | |
| 6327704845 | Quantitative Sampling (usually probability) | • Sample determines external validity (can you generalize your findings from the sample to the population (hopefully) • And to some extent, internal validity (can you rule out all other alternative explanations for the results | 4 | |
| 6327719955 | Steps in Sampling | • Define the population • Develop a plan - how you will select a sample • Determine the size • Select the sample • Compare if the sample truly represents the characteristics of the population. | 5 | |
| 6327888553 | power analysis | used to calculate the minimum sample size required so that one can be reasonably likely to detect an effect of a given size | 6 | |
| 6327730378 | Probability Sampling (usually for quantitative) | • Everyone has an equal chance of being selected • Random - one step do it all • Systematic - select from pre-set intervals • Stratified -fixed % randomly drawn from pre-divided subgroups • Cluster - randomly, sequentially drawn from already existing larger subgroups | 7 | |
| 6327742451 | Examples of Clustering | • Random - assign each individual a number and choose the numbers from a pile of numbers. • Systematic - assign each individual a number and choose odd numbers • Stratified - Determine % of patients that are male or female and choose those % in your sample | 8 | |
| 6327754381 | Non-Probability Sampling (usually for qualitative) | • Do not know the parameters of the population therefore use non-random methods of selection • Convenience-what is available • Purposive-particular characteristics that fit your criteria but non-random • Snowball- word of mouth networking • Quota- set number of subgroups according to the population characteristics but non-randomly | 9 | |
| 6327761960 | Relation of Sampling to Validity | • External validity means that you can accurately generalize the findings from your sample the population. • If the selection of the participants is biased then the results of the study cannot be generalized to a larger population. • Selective effects (error in sampling and selection) is a threat to external validity. | 10 | |
| 6327768835 | Qualitative Sampling (usually non-probability) | • Is purposive - choose those who can offer the most relevant information about your topic • Typically, establish criteria or what you want to include then find participants who fit the bill | 11 | |
| 6327776950 | Boundary Setting | Can choose a sample and further bound the study by choosing: setting, stories, groups, images, experiences, concepts, objects | 12 | |
| 6327818978 | Sampling - Qualitative Characteristics | • Typical- the majority • Extreme or deviant- most extreme to compare to the majority • Comprehensive/Maximum Variation-all the participants or cases that match the criteria are included • Confirming or Disconfirming • Reputational- recommended by experts • Comparable- select cases with the same characteristics that match the criteria over a period of time. • Convenience- can be included most quickly or conveniently | 13 | |
| 6327820886 | Sampling size, what is reasonable? | Quantitative - large size, minimum 30 per variable, but do POWER analysis to confirm sample is large enough Qualitative - small size, 3-5, or single subject | 14 | |
| 6328056026 | Saturation | qualitative - you've interviewed so many people that you start to get no new info | 15 | |
| 6327842676 | Why is theory important in quantitative research? | Guides your decisions: problem statement, which variables to measure, setting boundaries, data collection, analysis, But HELPS TO SEE THE BIG PICTURE | 16 | |
| 6327846538 | Why is theory important in qualitative research? | develop a theory, interpret data | 17 | |
| 6327874987 | what is theory? | • Inter-related concepts (observation), constructs (surmised, categories), relationships, propositions (statements that govern the relationships, suggestions) that can explain or predict human experience - and make it orderly. • Deductive- verify or refute • Inductive- explain, develop | 18 |
AP World History - Chapter 23 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 8660843763 | Elizabeth I | The leader of England during the attempted invasion of the Spanish Armada | 0 | |
| 8660845861 | Charles V | The leader who tried, but failed, to centralize authority in the Holy Roman Empire | 1 | |
| 8660857868 | Catherine the Great | Attempted to reform Russia, but was stopped by Pugachev's Rebellion. | 2 | |
| 8660868071 | Isaac Newton | Created the theory of universal gravity | 3 | |
| 8660875526 | Notion of Progress | Most Enlightenment philosophers believed in the ______. | 4 | |
| 8660885204 | Adam Smith | He was the first great philosophical proponent of capitalism | 5 | |
| 8660894193 | Johannes Kepler | He demonstrated that planetary orbits were elliptical | 6 | |
| 8660896617 | Putting-out System | Unfinished materials are delivered to rural households for production | 7 | |
| 8660905264 | Charles I | He was decapitated at the end of the English Civil War | 8 | |
| 8660910146 | Louis XIV | He built the palace of Versailles | 9 | |
| 8660917413 | Tensions between Catholics and Protestants | The explosion of witch-hunting was probably caused by ______. | 10 | |
| 8660921531 | Geneva | John Calvin's model Protestant community | 11 | |
| 8660927752 | Council of Trent | Meeting of Catholic church officials to define and advance the Catholic Reformation | 12 | |
| 8660934804 | Henry VIII | English king who left the Catholic church because he wanted a divorce | 13 | |
| 8660941771 | Martin Luther | Man who write the Ninety-five Theses because he was upset about the sale of indulgences by the Catholic church | 14 |
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