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Flashcards
AP Language and Composition TERMS Flashcards
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| 7250833527 | abstract / concrete | Patterns of language reflect an authors's word choice.Abstract words (for example, wisdom, power, and beauty) refer to general ideas, qualities, or condition. Concrete words name material objects and items associated with the five senses - words like rock, pizza, and basketball. Both abstract and concrete language are useful in communicating ideas. Generally, you should not be to abstract in writing. It is best to employ concrete words, naming things that can be seen, touched, smelled, heard, or tasted. in order to support generalizations, topic senctences, or more abstract ideas. | 0 | |
| 7250833528 | acronym | a word formed from the first or first few letters of several words, as in OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries). | 1 | |
| 7250833529 | action | in narrative writing is the sequence of happenings or events. This movment of events may occupy just a few minutes or extend over a period of years or centuries. | 2 | |
| 7250833530 | alliteration | the repetition of initial consonant sounds in words placed closely next to each other, as in "what a tale of terror now their turbulency tells." Prose that is highly rhythmical or "poetic" often makes use of this method. | 3 | |
| 7250833531 | allusion | is a literary, biographical, or bigraphical reference, whatever real or imaginary. It is a "figure of speech" (a fresh, useful comparison) employed to illuminate an idea. A writer prose style can be made richer through this economical method of evoking an idea emotion, as in E.M. Forster's biblical allusion in this sentence. "Property produced men of weight, and it was a man of weight who failed to get into the Kingdom of Heaven." | 4 | |
| 7250833532 | analogy | 5 | ||
| 7250833533 | analysis | 6 | ||
| 7250833534 | anecdote | a brief, engaging account of some happening, often historical, biographical, or personal. As a technique in writing it is especially effective in creating interesting essay introductions and also in illuminating abstract concepts in the body of the essay. | 7 | |
| 7250833535 | antecedent | in grammar refers to the word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers, in writing, it also refers to any happening or thing that is prior to another or to anything that logically precedes a subject. | 8 | |
| 7250833536 | antithesis | the balancing of one idea or term against another for emphasis. | 9 | |
| 7250833537 | antonym | a word whose meaning is opposite to that of another word. | 10 | |
| 7250833538 | aphorism | a short, pointed statement expressing a general truism of an idea in an original or imaginative way. Marshall McLuhan's statement that "the medium is the message" is a well-known contemporary example. | 11 | |
| 7250833539 | archaic | language is vocabulary or usage that belongs to an earlier period and is old-fashioned today. the word "thee" for "you" is an example that is still in use in certain situations. | 12 | |
| 7250833540 | archetypes | 13 | ||
| 7250833541 | argumentation | 14 | ||
| 7250833542 | assonance | 15 | ||
| 7250833543 | assumption | 16 | ||
| 7250833544 | audience | 17 | ||
| 7250833545 | balance | 18 | ||
| 7250833546 | begging the question | an error or a fallacy in reasoning and argumentation in which the writer assumes as a truth something for which evidence or proof is actually needed. | 19 | |
| 7250833547 | causal analysis | 20 | ||
| 7250833548 | characterization | 21 | ||
| 7250833549 | chronology / chronological order | 22 | ||
| 7250833550 | cinematic technique | 23 | ||
| 7250833551 | classification | 24 | ||
| 7250833552 | cliche | an expression that once was fresh and original but that has lost much of its vitality through overuse. Because expressions like "as quick as a wink" and "blew her stack" are trite or common today, they should be avoided in writing. | 25 | |
| 7250833553 | climactic ordering | 26 | ||
| 7250833554 | coherence | 27 | ||
| 7250833555 | colloquial language | conversational language used in certain types of informal and narrative writing but rarely in essays, business writing, or research writing. Expressions like "cool", "pal" or "I can dig it" often have a place in conversational settings. However, they should be use sparingly in essay writing for special effects. | 28 | |
| 7250833556 | comparison / contrast | 29 | ||
| 7250833557 | conclusion | 30 | ||
| 7250833558 | conflict | in narrative writing, the clash or opposition of events, characters, or ideas that makes the resolution of action necessary. | 31 | |
| 7250833559 | connotation / denotation | 32 | ||
| 7250833560 | context | the situation surrounding a word, group of words, or sentence. Often the elements coming before or after a certain confusing or difficult construction will provide insight into the meaning of importance of that item. | 33 | |
| 7250833561 | coordination | in sentence structure refers to the grammatical arrangement of parts of the same order or equality in rank. | 34 | |
| 7250833562 | declarative sentence | 35 | ||
| 7250833563 | deduction | a form of logic that begins with a generally stated truth or principle and then offers details, examples, and reasoning to support the generalization. In other words, it is based on reasoning from a known principle to an unknown principle, from the general to the specific, or from a premise to a logical conclusion. | 36 | |
| 7250833564 | definition | 37 | ||
| 7250833565 | description | 38 | ||
| 7250833566 | development | 39 | ||
| 7250833567 | dialogue | 40 | ||
| 7250833568 | diction | the manner of expression in words, choice of words, or wording. Writers much choose vocabulary carefully and precisely to communicate a message and also to address an intended audience effectively. | 41 | |
| 7250833569 | digression | a temporary departure from the main subject in writing. It must serve a purpose or be intended for a specific effect. | 42 | |
| 7250833570 | discourse (forms of) | 43 | ||
| 7250833571 | division | 44 | ||
| 7250833572 | dominant impression | 45 | ||
| 7250833573 | editorializing | to express personal opinions about the subject of the essay. It can have a useful effect in writing, but at other times an author might want to reduce it in favor of a better balanced or more objective tone. | 46 | |
| 7250833574 | effect | 47 | ||
| 7250833575 | emphasis | 48 | ||
| 7250833576 | episodic | 49 | ||
| 7250833577 | essay | the name given to a short prose work on a limited topic. They take many forms, ranging from personal narratives to critical or argumentative treatments of a subject. Normally they convey the writer's personal ideas about the subject. | 50 | |
| 7250833578 | etymology | the origin and development of a word -- tracing a word back as far as possible. | 51 | |
| 7250833579 | evidence | material offered to support an argument or a proposition; typical examples include facts, details, and expert testimony. | 52 | |
| 7250833580 | example | 53 | ||
| 7250833581 | exclamatory sentences | 54 | ||
| 7250833582 | expert testimony | 55 | ||
| 7250833583 | exposition | 56 | ||
| 7250833584 | extended metaphor | a figurative comparison that is used to structure a significant part of the composition or the whole essay. | 57 | |
| 7250833585 | fable | a form of narrative containing a moral that normally appears clearly at the end. | 58 | |
| 7250833586 | fallacy | 59 | ||
| 7250833587 | figurative language | 60 | ||
| 7250833588 | flashback | 61 | ||
| 7250833589 | foreshadow | 62 | ||
| 7250833590 | frame | 63 | ||
| 7250833591 | general / specific words | 64 | ||
| 7250833592 | generalization | 65 | ||
| 7250833593 | genre | a type or form of literature -- for example, short fiction, novel, poetry, or drama. | 66 | |
| 7250833594 | grammatical structure | 67 | ||
| 7250833595 | horizontal / vertical | 68 | ||
| 7250833596 | hortatory style | 69 | ||
| 7250833597 | hyperbole | 70 | ||
| 7250833598 | hypothetical examples | 71 | ||
| 7250833599 | identification | 72 | ||
| 7250833600 | idiomatic language | 73 | ||
| 7250833601 | ignoring the question | 74 | ||
| 7250833602 | illustration | 75 | ||
| 7250833603 | imagery | 76 | ||
| 7250833604 | induction | 77 | ||
| 7250833605 | inference | involves arriving at a decision or opinion by reasoning from known facts or evidence. | 78 | |
| 7250833606 | interrogative sentences | 79 | ||
| 7250833607 | introduction | 80 | ||
| 7250833608 | irony | 81 | ||
| 7250833609 | issue | 82 | ||
| 7250833610 | jargon | special words associated with a specific area of knowledge or a particular profession. Writers who employ this either assume that readers know specialized terms or take care to define terms for the benefit of the audience. | 83 | |
| 7250833611 | juxtaposition | 84 | ||
| 7250833612 | levels of language | 85 | ||
| 7250833613 | linear order | 86 | ||
| 7250833614 | listing | 87 | ||
| 7250833615 | logic | 88 | ||
| 7250833616 | metaphor | 89 | ||
| 7250833617 | metonymy | a figure of language in which a thing is not designated by its own name but by another associated with or suggested by it, as in "The Supreme Court has decided" (meaning the judges of the Supreme Court have decided). | 90 | |
| 7250833618 | mood | 91 | ||
| 7250833619 | motif | 92 | ||
| 7250833620 | myth | 93 | ||
| 7250833621 | narration | 94 | ||
| 7250833622 | non sequitur | 95 | ||
| 7250833623 | objective / subjective | 96 | ||
| 7250833624 | onomatopoeia | 97 | ||
| 7250833625 | order | 98 | ||
| 7250833626 | overstatement | 99 | ||
| 7250833627 | paradox | 100 | ||
| 7250833628 | paragraph | 101 | ||
| 7250833629 | parallelism | 102 | ||
| 7250833630 | paraphrase | 103 | ||
| 7250833631 | parenthetical | 104 | ||
| 7250833632 | parody | 105 | ||
| 7250833633 | periphrasis | 106 | ||
| 7250833634 | persona | 107 | ||
| 7250833635 | personification | 108 | ||
| 7250833636 | persuasion | 109 | ||
| 7250833637 | point of view | 110 | ||
| 7250833638 | post hoc, ergo propter hoc | in logic it is the fallacy of thinking that a happening that follows another must be its result. it arises from a confusion about the logical causal relationship. | 111 | |
| 7250833639 | process analysis | 112 | ||
| 7250833640 | progression | 113 | ||
| 7250833641 | proportion | 114 | ||
| 7250833642 | proposition | 115 | ||
| 7250833643 | purpose | 116 | ||
| 7250833644 | refutation | 117 | ||
| 7250833645 | repetition | 118 | ||
| 7250833646 | rhetoric | the art of using words effectively in speaking or writing. it is also the art of literary composition, particularly in prose, including both figures of speech and such strategies as comparison and contrast, definition, and analysis. | 119 | |
| 7250833647 | rhetorical question | a question asked only to emphasize a point, introduce a topic, or provoke thought, but not to elicit an answer. | 120 | |
| 7250833648 | rhythm | in prose writing it is a regular recurrence of elements or features in sentences, creating a patterned emphasis, balance, or contrast. | 121 | |
| 7250833649 | sarcasm | 122 | ||
| 7250833650 | satire | the humorous or critical treatment of a subject in order to expose the subject's vices, follies, stupidities, and so forth. Its intention is to reform by exposing the subject to comedy or ridicule. | 123 | |
| 7250833651 | sensory language | language that appeals to any of the five senses--sight, sound, touch, taste, or smell. | 124 | |
| 7250833652 | sentimentality | in prose writing it is the excessive display of emotion, whether intended or unintended. Because it can distort the true nature of a situation or an idea, writers should use it caustiusly, or not at all. | 125 | |
| 7250833653 | series | 126 | ||
| 7250833654 | setting | 127 | ||
| 7250833655 | simile | a figurative comparison using "like" or "as". | 128 | |
| 7250833656 | slang | a kind of language that uses racy or colorful expressions associated more often with speech than with writing. it is colloquial English and should be used in essay writing only to reproduce dialogue or to create a special effect. | 129 | |
| 7250833657 | spatial order | 130 | ||
| 7250833658 | statistics | 131 | ||
| 7250833659 | style | 132 | ||
| 7250833660 | subordination | 133 | ||
| 7250833661 | syllogism | an argument or form of reasoning in which two statements or premises are made and a logical conclusion is drawn from them. As such, it is a form of deductive logic--reasoning from the general to the particular. | 134 | |
| 7250833662 | symbol | 135 | ||
| 7250833663 | synonym | 136 | ||
| 7250833664 | theme | the central idea in an essay; it is also termed the thesis. Everything in an essay should support this in one way or another. | 137 | |
| 7250833665 | thesis | the main idea in an essay; when stated as a sentence it appears early in an essay (normally somewhere in the first paragraph) serving to convey the main idea to the reader in a clear and emphatic manner. | 138 | |
| 7250833666 | tone | the writer's attitude toward his or her subject or material. An essay writer may have an objective one, subjective, comic, ironic, nostalgic, critical, or a reflection of numerous other attitudes. it is the voice that writers give to an essay. | 139 | |
| 7250833667 | topic sentence | the main idea that a paragraph develops; not all paragraphs have one, often the topic is implied. | 140 | |
| 7250833668 | transition | 141 | ||
| 7250833669 | understatement | a method of making a weaker statement than is warranted by truth, accuracy, or importance. | 142 | |
| 7250833670 | unity | 143 | ||
| 7250833671 | usage | 144 | ||
| 7250833672 | voice | the way you express your ideas to the reader, the ton you take in addressing your audience; it reflects your attitude toward both your subject and your readers. | 145 |
AP Language Terms Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 4170370743 | ambiguity | a statement with two or more meanings that may seem to exclude another in the context (lexical and structural) | 0 | |
| 4170375448 | anecdote | a usually short narrative of an interesting, amusing, or biographical incident | 1 | |
| 4170383286 | appeals | ethos, logos, pathos | 2 | |
| 4170384202 | concession | when you show an audience that you have anticipated potential opposition and objections, and have an answer for them, you defuse the audience's ability to oppose you and persuade them to accept your point of view. If there are places where you agree with your opposition, conceding their points creates goodwill and respect without weakening your thesis | 3 | |
| 4170393634 | deductive | works from the more general to the more specific. Sometimes this is informally called a "top-down" approach. We might begin with thinking up a theory about our topic of interest, then narrow that down into more specific hypotheses that we can test | 4 | |
| 4170405213 | inductive | works from more specific observations to broader generalizations and theories. "bottom up" | 5 | |
| 4170447242 | syllogism | the primary premise is a general statement (always universal, may be pos or neg) eg. everything that live, moves no mountain moves no mountain lives | 6 | |
| 4170457040 | enthymeme | partial syllogism based on the probable rather that positive premises and is based on implicit conjectures that are shared by the speaker and audience eg. everything that lives, moves no mountain lives | 7 | |
| 4170463319 | abstraction | an idea disassociated from any specific instance; expresses a quality apart from an object | 8 | |
| 4170466273 | aesthetic | a guiding principle in matters of artistic beauty and taste; artistic sensibility | 9 | |
| 4170469052 | allegory | the expression by means of symbolic fictional figures and actions of truths or generalizations about human existence | 10 | |
| 4170472465 | alliteration | the repetition of the same sound at the beginning of successive words | 11 | |
| 4170476519 | allusion | a reference, explicit or implicit, to something in previous literature or history | 12 | |
| 4170478489 | ambiguous | a word, phrase, or sentence whose meaning can be interpreted in more than one way | 13 | |
| 4170480797 | analogy | an extended comparison between two things/instances/people etc that share some similarity to make a point | 14 | |
| 4170483609 | anaphora | repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses, sentences, or lines | 15 | |
| 4170492781 | anastrophe | normal word order is reversed or rearranged | 16 | |
| 4170493952 | antithesis | the rhetorical contrast of ideas by means of parallel arrangements of words, clauses, or sentences | 17 | |
| 4170496469 | aphorism | a brief saying embodying a moral, a concise statement of a principle or precept given in pointed words | 18 | |
| 4170502352 | apostrophe | when an absent person, concept, or object is directly addressed | 19 | |
| 4170503673 | appositive | a noun or noun phrase that renames another noun beside it | 20 | |
| 4170505120 | assonance | the repetition of vowel sounds but not consonant sounds | 21 | |
| 4170506792 | asyndeton | conjunctions are omitted, producing a fast-paced and rapid prose | 22 | |
| 4170514484 | atmosphere | the mood or pervasive feeling insinuated by a literary work | 23 | |
| 4170517417 | audience | part of your rhetorical situation (speaker, subject, audience) the persons to whom comments are directed (affects tone, meaning) | 24 | |
| 4170526652 | bildungsroman | this genre of literature denotes the story of a single individual's growth and development within the context of a defined social order. the growth process, at its roots a quest story, has been scribed as both "an apprentice to life" and a search for meaningful existence within society" | 25 | |
| 4170536362 | cacophony | harsh, discordant sounds | 26 | |
| 4170537446 | chiasmus | repetition of ideas in inverted order | 27 | |
| 4170538546 | climax | writer arranges ideas in the order of importance | 28 | |
| 4170540555 | colloquialism | characteristic of spoken or written communication that seeks to imitate informal speech | 29 | |
| 4170543118 | concrete | opposite of abstract; identifies things perceived through the senses (touch, smell, sight, hearing, and taste) | 30 | |
| 4170546617 | connotation | set of associations implied by a word in addition to its literal meaning | 31 | |
| 4170555305 | consonance | the repetition of consonant sounds, but not vowels, as in assonance | 32 | |
| 4170557386 | denotation | the literal meaning of a word, the dictionary meaning | 33 | |
| 4170559162 | detail | eg. "The snake turned a little to watch what I would do" ie. strictly detail/ creates simple image with no connotation | 34 | |
| 4170570682 | dialect | a regional variety of a language distinguished by feature of vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation from other regional varieties and constituting together with them a single language | 35 | |
| 4170593998 | diction | a writers choice of words, phrases, sentence structures, and figurative language | 36 | |
| 4170598647 | didactic | tone; instructional, designed to teach ethical, moral, or religious lesson | 37 | |
| 4170633381 | elegiac | tone; of, relating to, or expressing sorrow for that which is irrecoverably past | 38 | |
| 4170638184 | epigraph | a quotation set at the beginning of a literary work or one of its divisions to suggest its theme | 39 | |
| 4170654702 | epistrophe | ending a series of lines, phrases, clauses, or sentences with the same word or words | 40 | |
| 4170657863 | euphemism | the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant | 41 | |
| 4170663118 | euphony | soothing pleasant sounds, opposite of cacophony | 42 | |
| 4170667927 | extended metaphor | differs from a regular metaphor in that several comparisons similar in theme are being made | 43 | |
| 4170672723 | figurative language/figures of speech | language used to create a special effect or feeling; most commonly alliteration, hyperbole, metaphor | 44 | |
| 4170701071 | generalization | an idea or statement that emphasizes the general characteristic rather than the details of a subject | 45 | |
| 4170704633 | genre | a category or type of literature based on its style, form, and content | 46 | |
| 4170706588 | hyperbole | exaggeration done deliberately for emphasis | 47 | |
| 4170708580 | idiolect | one's own personal language, the words they choose and any other features that characterize their speech and writing | 48 | |
| 4170716285 | idiomatic | of or pertaining to, or conforming to, the mode of expression peculiar to a language; use of figures of speech | 49 | |
| 4170719938 | imagery | the words or phrases a writer uses to represent objects, feelings, actions; appeals to one or more five senses | 50 | |
| 4170725998 | inflection | the change of form that words undergo to mark such distinctions as those of case, gender, number, tense, person, mood, or voice | 51 | |
| 4170730250 | invective | of, relating to, or characterized by insult or abuse | 52 | |
| 4170732323 | irony | verbal situational dramatic | 53 | |
| 4170733802 | juxtaposition | placing two or more things side by side for comparison or contrast | 54 | |
| 4170744447 | metaphor | an implied comparison between two unlike things | 55 | |
| 4170745787 | metonymy | a figure of speech consisting of the use of the name of one thing for that of another of which it is an attribute or with which it is associated | 56 | |
| 4170750699 | mood | the feeling a piece of literature arouses in the reader | 57 | |
| 4170752308 | motif | a usually recurring salient thematic element especially a dominant idea or central them | 58 | |
| 4170755114 | onomatopoeia | the use of words whose sound reinforces their meaning | 59 | |
| 4170758073 | oxymoron | a combination of contradictory or incongruous words eg cruel to be kind | 60 | |
| 4170763132 | pacing | use when discussing organization, point out where action/ syntax begins to speed up, slow down, is interrupted | 61 | |
| 4170782209 | paradox | apparently self contradictory statement, the underlying meaning of which is revealed only by careful scrutiny | 62 | |
| 4170801275 | paralepsis | device of giving emphasis by professing to say little or nothing about a subject eg. "not to mention" | 63 | |
| 4170809599 | parallelism | a repetition of sentence using the same grammatical structure emphasizing all aspect of the sentence equally | 64 | |
| 4170812448 | parenthetical expression | an expression that is inserted into the flow of thought (dashes or parentheses) | 65 | |
| 4170846497 | parody | mimicking someone else's work or style in a humorous or satirical way | 66 | |
| 4170849043 | pastoral | the poetry or songs of the shepherds otium- leisure- of or relating to the countryside | 67 | |
| 4170854938 | persona | when the narrator takes on a ______ of his own rather than remaining objective (reader must consider bias and intents) | 68 | |
| 4170861106 | personification | attributing human qualities to an inanimate object | 69 | |
| 4170862973 | picaresque novel | an episodic, often autobiographical novel about a rogue or picaro (a person of low social status) wandering and living off his wits | 70 | |
| 4170867929 | point of view | literary term for the perspective from which a story is told (first, third) | 71 | |
| 4170987448 | portmanteau | the combination of two or more words to make a new word | 72 | |
| 4170989563 | polysyndeton | the use of many conjunctions has the effect of slowing the pace or emphasizing the numerous words or clauses | 73 | |
| 4170993398 | pun | a humorous play on words | 74 | |
| 4170994973 | repetition | using the same word or phrase over and over (anaphora epanalepsis, epistrophe) | 75 | |
| 4171000058 | rhetoric | the art of study of speaking and writing effectively | 76 | |
| 4171002593 | rhetorical situation | the triangle created by the speaker/writer, audience, and the occasion | 77 | |
| 4171030584 | rhetorical question | question that do not require an answer ( directed to reader, writer, dev of ideas) | 78 | |
| 4171033899 | sarcasm | a type of irony in which a person appears to praise something but actually insults it; purpose to injure or hurt | 79 | |
| 4171054404 | satire | a composition ridiculing human vice or folly; a keen or severe exposure of what in public or private morals deserves rebuke | 80 | |
| 4171059192 | schemes | figures of speech in which word order is altered from the usual or expected | 81 | |
| 4171064060 | semantics | the study of the larger system of meaning created by words | 82 | |
| 4171067974 | shift | when a section of the text undergoes a noticeable or subtle change in person syntax tone etc | 83 | |
| 4171071907 | simile | an explicit comparison between two unlike things signified by the use of like or as | 84 | |
| 4171074522 | stream of consciousness | technique that records the thought and feelings of a character without regard to logical argument or narrative sequence; reflects all the forces, internal and external, affecting the characters psyche at the moment | 85 | |
| 4171081605 | style | the phrase "the author's ______" is often seen in AP prompts and is asking the student to discuss how the author uses words, phrases, and sentences to form ideas | 86 | |
| 4171087591 | symbol | a person, place, thing, or event used to represent something else | 87 | |
| 4171089387 | synecdoche | the rhetorical situation of a part for the whole | 88 | |
| 4171092564 | synesthesia | a rhetorical device that mixes elements of the senses | 89 | |
| 4171094881 | thesis | a statement of purpose, intent, or main idea in a literary work | 90 | |
| 4171096543 | tropes | figures of speech in which meaning is altered from the usual or expected | 91 | |
| 4171099379 | understatement or litotes | deliberate understatement, especially when expressing a thought by denying its opposite | 92 | |
| 4171101776 | vernacular | the characteristic language of a particular group (colloquialism) often slang or informal | 93 | |
| 4171168917 | voice | means in which the author comes through through the words, the sense that a real person is speaking to us and cares about the message | 94 | |
| 4171168918 | wit | a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter | 95 | |
| 4171172777 | zeugma | when two different words that sound exactly alike are yoked together; when a preposition or verb has two or more objects on different levels | 96 |
Flashcards
Ap Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5154017978 | Parallelism | Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases or clauses | 0 | |
| 5154017979 | Isocolon | A succession of phrases in equal length and corresponding structure | 1 | |
| 5154017980 | Climax | Mounting by degrees through words or sentences of increasing weight in parallel construction with an emphasis on the high point or culmination of series or events or of an experience | 2 | |
| 5154017981 | Anithesis | Juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases | 3 | |
| 5154017982 | Juxtaposition | An act of positioning close together | 4 | |
| 5154017983 | Paradox | A statement that appears to contradict itself | 5 | |
| 5154017984 | Oxymoron | The yoking of two t take that are ordinarily contradictory | 6 | |
| 5154017985 | Segue | To move smoothly and unhesitatingly from one state, m comfortable took, situation, or element to another | 7 | |
| 5154017986 | Ellipsis | Omission of one or more words, which must be supplied by the listener or reader | 8 | |
| 5154017987 | Asyndeton | Omission of conjunctions between words, phrases or clauses | 9 | |
| 5154017988 | Apposition | Placing side by side two coordinate elements, the second of which serves as an explanation or modification of the first | 10 | |
| 5154017989 | Parenthesis | Insertion of some verbal unit in a position they interrupts the normal syntactic flow of the sentence | 11 | |
| 5154017990 | Polysyndeton | Style that employs a great many conjunctions | 12 | |
| 5154017991 | Anaphora | Repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of the successive clauses or verses | 13 | |
| 5154017992 | Epistrophe | Repetition of a word or phrase at the end of several clauses | 14 | |
| 5154017993 | Analogy | Comparison between two things | 15 | |
| 5154017994 | Personification | Investing abstractions or inanimate objects with human qualities or abilities | 16 | |
| 5154017995 | Allusion | An instance of indirect reference | 17 | |
| 5154017996 | Pun | A play on words, sometimes on different senses of the same word and sometimes on the similar sense or sound of different words | 18 | |
| 5154017997 | Euphemism | Substitution of an inoffensive term for one considered offensively explicit | 19 | |
| 5154074841 | Metonymy | Substitution of some attributive or suggestive word for what is meant | 20 | |
| 5154074842 | Periphrasis | To talk around something | 21 | |
| 5154074843 | Apostrophe | Talking to something that can not talk back to you | 22 | |
| 5154074844 | Motif | A recurrent thematic element in an artistic of literary work | 23 | |
| 5154074845 | Archetype | The original model of which all other similar persons, objects or concepts are merely derivative, copied, patterned or emulated | 24 |
AP English Language Vocab Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6663545084 | Ad Hominem | An argument based on the failings of an adversary rather than on the merits of the case; a logical fallacy that involves a personal attack. | 0 | |
| 6663547749 | Adjective | The part of speech (or word class) that modifies a noun or a pronoun. | 1 | |
| 6663549573 | Adverb | The part of speech (or word class) that modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb. | 2 | |
| 6663551315 | Allegory | Extending a metaphor so that objects, persons, and actions in a text are equated with meanings that lie outside the text. | 3 | |
| 6663553132 | Alliteration | The repetition of an initial consonant sound. | 4 | |
| 6663555254 | Allusion | A brief, usually indirect reference to a person, place, or event--real or fictional. | 5 | |
| 6663558196 | Ambiguity | The presence of two or more possible meanings in any passage. | 6 | |
| 6663560149 | Analogy | Reasoning or arguing from parallel cases. | 7 | |
| 6663571166 | Anaphora | The repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or verses. | 8 | |
| 6665980506 | Antecedent | The noun or noun phrase referred to by a pronoun. | 9 | |
| 6663573425 | Antithesis | The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases. | 10 | |
| 6663575515 | Aphorism | (1) A tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion. (2) A brief statement of a principle. | 11 | |
| 6666005065 | Apostrophe | A rhetorical term for breaking off discourse to address some absent person or thing. | 12 | |
| 6663578309 | Appeal to Authority | A fallacy in which a speaker or writer seeks to persuade not by giving evidence but by appealing to the respect people have for a famous person or institution. | 13 | |
| 6663579893 | Appeal to Ignorance | A fallacy that uses an opponent's inability to disprove a conclusion as proof of the conclusion's correctness. | 14 | |
| 6663582328 | Argument | A course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating truth or falsehood. | 15 | |
| 6663583893 | Assonance | The identity or similarity in sound between internal vowels in neighboring words. | 16 | |
| 6663585929 | Asyndeton | The omission of conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses (opposite of polysyndeton). | 17 | |
| 6663601183 | Character | An individual (usually a person) in a narrative (usually a work of fiction or creative nonfiction). | 18 | |
| 6663603811 | Chiasmus | A verbal pattern in which the second half of an expression is balanced against the first but with the parts reversed. | 19 | |
| 6663605467 | Circular Argument | An argument that commits the logical fallacy of assuming what it is attempting to prove. | 20 | |
| 6663607120 | Claim | An arguable statement, which may be a claim of fact, value, or policy. | 21 | |
| 6663609168 | Clause | A group of words that contains a subject and a predicate. | 22 | |
| 6663610923 | Climax | Mounting by degrees through words or sentences of increasing weight and in parallel construction with an emphasis on the high point or culmination of a series of events. | 23 | |
| 6663612560 | Colloquial | Characteristic of writing that seeks the effect of informal spoken language as distinct from formal or literary English. | 24 | |
| 6663614414 | Comparison | A rhetorical strategy in which a writer examines similarities and/or differences between two people, places, ideas, or objects. | 25 | |
| 6663616348 | Concession | An argumentative strategy by which a speaker or writer acknowledges the validity of an opponent's point. | 26 | |
| 6663617878 | Confirmation | The main part of a text in which logical arguments in support of a position are elaborated. | 27 | |
| 6663619131 | Conjunction | The part of speech (or word class) that serves to connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. | 28 | |
| 6663621382 | Connotation | The emotional implications and associations that a word may carry. | 29 | |
| 6663622834 | Coordination | The grammatical connection of two or more ideas to give them equal emphasis and importance. Contrast with subordination. | 30 | |
| 6663638578 | Deduction | A method of reasoning in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the stated premises. | 31 | |
| 6663640198 | Denotation | The direct or dictionary meaning of a word, in contrast to its figurative or associated meanings. | 32 | |
| 6663641417 | Dialect | A regional or social variety of a language distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, and/or vocabulary. | 33 | |
| 6663643121 | Diction | (1) The choice and use of words in speech or writing. (2) A way of speaking usually assessed in terms of prevailing standards of pronunciation and elocution. | 34 | |
| 6663644959 | Didactic | Intended or inclined to teach or instruct, often excessively. | 35 | |
| 6663646593 | Epistrophe | The repetition of a word or phrase at the end of several clauses. (Also known as epistrophe.) | 36 | |
| 6663657854 | Epitaph | (1) A short inscription in prose or verse on a tombstone or monument. (2) A statement or speech commemorating someone who has died: a funeral oration. | 37 | |
| 6663660487 | Ethos | A persuasive appeal based on the projected character of the speaker or narrator. | 38 | |
| 6663661483 | Eulogy | A formal expression of praise for someone who has recently died. | 39 | |
| 6663662582 | Euphemism | The substitution of an inoffensive term for one considered offensively explicit. | 40 | |
| 6663664752 | Exposition | A statement or type of composition intended to give information about (or an explanation of) an issue, subject, method, or idea. | 41 | |
| 6663666327 | Extended Metaphor | A comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem. | 42 | |
| 6663678730 | Fallacy | An error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid. | 43 | |
| 6668910346 | False Dilemma | A fallacy of oversimplification that offers a limited number of options (usually two) when in fact more options are available. | 44 | |
| 6663681615 | Figurative Language | Language in which figures of speech (such as metaphors, similes, and hyperbole) freely occur. | 45 | |
| 6663682689 | Figures of Speech | The various uses of language that depart from customary construction, order, or significance. | 46 | |
| 6663684501 | Flashback | A shift in a narrative to an earlier event that interrupts the normal chronological development of a story. | 47 | |
| 6663694155 | Genre | A category of artistic composition, as in film or literature, marked by a distinctive style, form, or content. | 48 | |
| 6663703940 | Hasty Generalization | A fallacy in which a conclusion is not logically justified by sufficient or unbiased evidence. | 49 | |
| 6663706286 | Hyperbole | A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect; an extravagant statement. | 50 | |
| 6663718323 | Imagery | Vivid descriptive language that appeals to one or more of the senses. | 51 | |
| 6663720472 | Invective | Denunciatory or abusive language; discourse that casts blame on somebody or something. | 52 | |
| 6663722500 | Irony | The use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning. A statement or situation where the meaning is directly contradicted by the appearance or presentation of the idea. | 53 | |
| 6663726042 | Isocolon/Climatic Order | A succession of phrases of approximately equal length and corresponding structure. | 54 | |
| 6663734117 | Jargon | The specialized language of a professional, occupational, or other group, often meaningless to outsiders. | 55 | |
| 6663743917 | Loose Sentence | A sentence structure in which a main clause is followed by subordinate phrases and clauses. Contrast with periodic sentence. | 56 | |
| 6663750417 | Metaphor | A figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something important in common. | 57 | |
| 6663751705 | Metonymy | A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated (such as "crown" for "royalty"). | 58 | |
| 6663753603 | Mode of Discourse | The way in which information is presented in a text. The four traditional modes are narration, description, exposition, and argument. | 59 | |
| 6663756889 | Mood | (1) The quality of a verb that conveys the writer's attitude toward a subject. (2) The emotion evoked by a text. | 60 | |
| 6663758335 | Narrative | A rhetorical strategy that recounts a sequence of events, usually in chronological order. | 61 | |
| 6663760672 | Noun | The part of speech (or word class) that is used to name a person, place, thing, quality, or action. | 62 | |
| 6663781430 | Onomatopoeia | The formation or use of words that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to. | 63 | |
| 6663783173 | Oxymoron | A figure of speech in which incongruous or contradictory terms appear side by side. | 64 | |
| 6669034671 | Paradox | A statement that appears to contradict itself. | 65 | |
| 6663790643 | Parallelism | The similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses. | 66 | |
| 6663790653 | Parody | A literary or artistic work that imitates the characteristic style of an author or a work for comic effect or ridicule. | 67 | |
| 6663793040 | Pathos | The means of persuasion that appeals to the audience's emotions. | 68 | |
| 6663795044 | Periodic Sentence | A long and frequently involved sentence, marked by suspended syntax, in which the sense is not completed until the final word--usually with an emphatic climax. | 69 | |
| 6663797080 | Personification | A figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstraction is endowed with human qualities or abilities. | 70 | |
| 6663799684 | Point of View | The perspective from which a speaker or writer tells a story or presents information. | 71 | |
| 6663801535 | Predicate | One of the two main parts of a sentence or clause, modifying the subject and including the verb, objects, or phrases governed by the verb. | 72 | |
| 6663804246 | Pronoun | A word (a part of speech or word class) that takes the place of a noun. | 73 | |
| 6663805553 | Prose | Ordinary writing (both fiction and nonfiction) as distinguished from verse. | 74 | |
| 6663817580 | Refutation | The part of an argument wherein a speaker or writer anticipates and counters opposing points of view. | 75 | |
| 6663819239 | Repetition | An instance of using a word, phrase, or clause more than once in a short passage--dwelling on a point. | 76 | |
| 6663820721 | Rhetoric | The study and practice of effective communication. | 77 | |
| 6663823199 | Rhetorical Question | A question asked merely for effect with no answer expected. | 78 | |
| 6663832761 | Sarcasm | A mocking, often ironic or satirical remark. | 79 | |
| 6663833978 | Satire | A text or performance that uses irony, derision, or wit to expose or attack human vice, foolishness, or stupidity. | 80 | |
| 6663835578 | Simile | A figure of speech in which two fundamentally unlike things are explicitly compared, usually in a phrase introduced by "like" or "as" | 81 | |
| 6663836976 | Style | Narrowly interpreted as those figures that ornament speech or writing; broadly, as representing a manifestation of the person speaking or writing. | 82 | |
| 6663839111 | Subject | The part of a sentence or clause that indicates what it is about. | 83 | |
| 6663840217 | Subordination | Words, phrases, and clauses that make one element of a sentence dependent on (or subordinate to) another. Contrast with coordination. | 84 | |
| 6663841649 | Symbol | A person, place, action, or thing that (by association, resemblance, or convention) represents something other than itself. | 85 | |
| 6663843496 | Synecdoche | A figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole or the whole for a part. | 86 | |
| 6663847889 | Syntax | (1) The study of the rules that govern the way words combine to form phrases, clauses, and sentences. (2) The arrangement of words in a sentence. | 87 | |
| 6663865706 | Thesis | The main idea of an essay or report, often written as a single declarative sentence. | 88 | |
| 6663868243 | Tone | A writer's attitude toward the subject and audience. Tone is primarily conveyed through diction, point of view, syntax, and level of formality. | 89 | |
| 6663870104 | Transition | The connection between two parts of a piece of writing, contributing to coherence | 90 | |
| 6663873107 | Understatement | A figure of speech in which a writer deliberately makes a situation seem less important or serious than it is. | 91 | |
| 6663874506 | Verb | The part of speech (or word class) that describes an action or occurrence or indicates a state of being. | 92 | |
| 6668907175 | Voice | (1) The quality of a verb that indicates whether its subject acts (active voice) or is acted upon (passive voice). (2) The distinctive style or manner of expression of an author or narrator. | 93 | |
| 6663875915 | Zeugma | The use of a word to modify or govern two or more words although its use may be grammatically or logically correct with only one. | 94 |
Ap Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7444308787 | Language, religion, and ethnicity | Especially important cultural values derive from a groups ________ _________ ___________. These three cultural traits are exellent ways of identifying the location of a culture and the principle means by which cultural values become distrjbuted around the world | 0 | |
| 7444308788 | Attitudes, belief, and practices | Religion is an important cultural value because it is the principle system of ________ _________ _________ through which people worship in a formal and organized way | 1 | |
| 7444308789 | More developed economically, less developed economically | Geographers divide the the world into regions that are _________________ and _________________ | 2 | |
| 7444308790 | Environmental, cultural, unique, cultural ecology | In constructing regions, geographers consider _________ factors as well as _______ ones. Distinctive to geography is the importance given to relashonship between culture and natural envirmemt. Different cultural groups modify the natural environment in distinctive ways to produce _________ regions. The geographic study of human environment relashonships is known as ________ _________ | 3 | |
| 7444308791 | Alexander von Humboldt and Carl Ritter, environmental determinism | _______and _______ argued that human actions were scientifically caused by environmental conditions. This aproach is called _________ _________ | 4 | |
| 7448692304 | Ellsworth Huntington, temperature climate, healthier and wealthier | _________ an environmental determinist, argued that because of its more ______________ , Northweastern Europe had ________ and ________ residents than Southern Europe | 5 | |
| 7448692305 | A fraction or ratio, A written statement, or a graphic bar scale | Map scale is presented in 3 ways _______ _________ ________ | 6 | |
| 7448692306 | Globalization | Scale is an increasingly important concept in because of ____________ which is a force or process that might involve the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope | 7 | |
| 7448692307 | Shrinking | Due to globalization the scales of the world is | 8 | |
| 7448692308 | Level of skills for the people, prevailing wage rates,attitudes towoards unions | Transactional corporation decide where to produce things in response to the characteristics of the local labor force, these things include | 9 | |
| 7448692309 | Physical, cultural, language, traditions | _______ or ________ can retard interaction among groups . cultural include _________ and ________ | 10 | |
| 7448692310 | Hearth | This emerges when a cultural group is willing to try something new and is able to allocate recourses to nurture the innovation | 11 | |
| 7448692311 | North America, Western Europe, Japan | The global culture and economy is increasingly centering on 3 core hearth regions | 12 | |
| 7448692312 | Node | Functional region area organized around a what or focal point | 13 | |
| 7448692313 | uneven development | is the increasing gap in economic conditions between regions in the core and periphery that results from the globalization of the economy | 14 | |
| 7448692314 | Relocation diffusion | The spread of an idea in the physical movement of people from one place to another is called | 15 | |
| 7448692315 | Hearth | emerges when a cultural group is willing to try something new | 16 | |
| 7448692316 | Cultural ecology | is the study of human environment relashonships | 17 | |
| 7448692317 | Possiblism | states that the physical environment may limit some human actions but people have the ability to adjust to the environment | 18 | |
| 7448692318 | Diffusion | is the process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another | 19 | |
| 7448692319 | Polders | are areas of land that have been created by draining water and pumping it back into the sea | 20 | |
| 7448692320 | Distance decay | Contact between the group diminishes between increasing distance and eventually disappears this trailing off is called | 21 | |
| 7448692321 | Globalization | is a force that results in a making something worldwide scope | 22 | |
| 7448692322 | Space time compression | it's the term used to describe the reduction in the time it takes for something to reach in a seperate place | 23 | |
| 7448692323 | inovation, spatial diffusion, acculturation | Change within a culture is induseced by the following 3 factors | 24 | |
| 7448692324 | In society's at equilibrium with their environment with no one that needs change as no reason to occur | 25 | ||
| 7448692325 | Cultural lag | When a group is unresponsive to innovation or changes circumstances, we say that it exhibits | 26 | |
| 7455334737 | Manufacturing products or by performing services in exchange for wages | in most developed countries, the residents make their living through | 27 | |
| 7455334738 | Expansion diffusion | The spread of a culture in a snowballing process | 28 | |
| 7455334739 | Language and tradition | Cultural barriers include | 29 | |
| 7455334740 | Stimulus hierarchal and contagious | Expansion djffisuom might result in one of tense diffusions | 30 | |
| 7455334741 | Culture | Traditions of groups of people is | 31 |
Flashcards
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