Ap Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5290147801 | Nation | Legally, a term encompassing all the citizens of a state. A tightly knit group of people possessing bonds of language, ethnicity, religion, and other shared attributes. | 0 | |
| 5290150437 | State | An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government that has control over its internal and foreign affairs. | 1 | |
| 5290415504 | Stateless ethnic groups | Stateless ethnic groups are ethnic groups that share certain cultural, political, and/or historic qualities, such as religion, location, or art, but do not share enough qualities to be recognized as a nationality/nation and have no state(homeland) that is politically recognized as belonging to them. | 2 | |
| 5290420408 | Supranationalism | a method of decision-making in multi-national political communities, wherein power is transferred or delegated to an authority by governments of member states. A venture involving three or more national states forming a formal political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives. Ex. NAFTA, CAFTA, and the EU Superimposed - A political boundary placed by powerful outsiders on a developed human landscape that usually ignores preexisting cultural-spatial patterns, such as the border that divides North and South Korea or the African countries. | 3 | |
| 5290432892 | Devolution | Both the decentralization of a government from a unitary to a federal system or a fracturing of a government, like balkanization. The process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government. Ex: United Kingdom | 4 |
AP Language Vocab Section 7 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5362766693 | Acumen | Definition: the ability to make good judgments and quick decisions, typically in a particular domain POS: N Synonyms: acuity, sharpness, cleverness, awareness, penetration, shrewdness, discerness Antonyms: ignorance, insensitivity, stupidity, misinterpretation Sentence: You are a great salesperson, but lack the ________ necessary to be anything more. | 0 | |
| 5362766694 | Arcane | Definition: understood by few POS: adj Synonyms: mysterious, secret, hidden, obscure, eerie Antonyms: common, known, normal, apprehensable, knowable Sentence: Cursive is an ________ way of writing. | 1 | |
| 5362767475 | Beatific | Definition: blissfully happy POS: adj Synonyms: rapturous, joyful, ecstatic, seraphic, blissful, serene Antonyms: dark, demonic, devilish, miserable, sorrowful, hellish Sentence: The bride had a ________ expression as she walked down the aisle. | 2 | |
| 5362767476 | Bereft | Definition: deprived of or lacking something (that is needed, wanted, or expected), especially a nonmaterial asset (such as a relative) POS: adj Synonyms: beggared, deprived, destitute, devoid, dispossessed Sentence: Carol felt ________ of love and hope after her husband passed away. | 3 | |
| 5362768410 | Blandishment | Definition: a flattering or pleasing statement or action used to persuade someone gently to do something; something that tends to coax or cajole POS: N Synonyms: flattery, cajolery, persuasion, palaver, blarney, allurement Antonyms: deterrent, rebuke Sentence: Even though the salesman used every ___________ he could think of, I still did not give in to his flattery. | 4 | |
| 5362768411 | Embellish | Definition: make something more attractive by the addition of decorative details or features POS: V Synonyms: decorate, adorn, ornament, enhance, garnish, exaggerate Antonyms: decrease, harm, lessen, reduce, deface, disfigure, bare, denude, strip Sentence: Joseph always __________es the truth. | 5 | |
| 5362769283 | Expiate | Definition: atone for guilt or sin; extinguish the guilt or to put an end to it; make amends for something POS: V Synonyms: absolve, amend, appease, atone, compensate, correct, rectify, redress, remedy Antonyms: blame, charge, damage, forfeit, harm, injure Sentence: I racked my neighbors leaves for a month to ________ for breaking their window. | 6 | |
| 5362769284 | Impecunious | Definition: having little or no money POS: adj Synonyms: penniless, poor, indigent, insolvent, destitute, broke, impoverished, penurious Antonyms: wealthy, affluent, rich Sentence: The government is working on a plant to help the ___________ people of this country. | 7 | |
| 5362771280 | Lapidary | Definition: (1) the art of engraving on stone and therefore elegant and concise; (2) a person who cuts, polishes, or engraves gems or stones POS: (1) adj; (2) N Synonyms: engraver, jeweler Sentence: The _________ cut the diamond into the perfect shape for the ring. | 8 | |
| 5362771281 | Maelstrom | Definition: a powerful whirlpool in the sea or a river POS: N Synonyms: whirlpool, vortex, swirl, turbulence, whirl Antonyms: calm, harmony, order, peace, method, organization, still Sentence: The hall was a _________ of color during the wedding because of the many flowers scattered around the room. | 9 | |
| 5362772731 | Mundane | Definition: lacking interest or excitement; earthly matters POS: adj Synonyms: dull, boring, tedious, monotonous, ordinary, practical, commonplace, terrestrial, banal, materialistic, prosaic Antonyms: extraordinary, imaginative, celestial Sentence: While my friends were out partying, I spent a _________ night at home. | 10 | |
| 5362772732 | Palliative | Definition: relieving pain or alleviating a problem without dealing with the underlying cause; reducing violence within moderated intensity POS: adj Synonyms: disciplinary, remedial Antonyms: damaging, harmful, injurious, hurtful Sentence: The woman sat in a _________ care ward while she slowly died. | 11 | |
| 5362772733 | Podium | Definition: a small platform on which a person may stand to be seen by an audience, as when making a speech or conducting an orchestra POS: N Synonyms: platform, stage dais, rostrum, stand, soapbox Sentence: The winners of the gold, silver, and bronze medals at the Olympics stand on a ________ while their flags are raised. | 12 | |
| 5362774061 | Preclude | Definition: prevent from happening; make impossible by necessary consequence POS: V Synonyms: prevent, stop, prohibit, debar, bar, hinder, impede, inhibit, exclude, deter, discontinue Antonyms: add, advance, aid, allow, assist, encourage, facilitate, forward, promote, initiate, instigate Sentence: The use of home remedies should not ________ people from getting medical help. | 13 | |
| 5362774062 | Raucous | Definition: making or constituting a disturbingly harsh and loud noise POS: adj Synonyms: harsh, strident, piercing, shrill, grating, discordant, dissonant, boisterous, rambunctious, fustian Antonyms: soft, dulcet, restrained, quiet, peaceful, Sentence: The only way I can describe his laugh is __________ and loud. | 14 | |
| 5362776007 | Sartorial | Definition: of or relating to tailoring, clothes, or style of dress POS: adj Synonyms: elegant, flashy, impeccable, sharp Antonyms: dumpy, frumpy Sentence: He has a ________ sense for clothing because he was brought up by a tailor. | 15 |
Ap Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 3553340879 | A. The origins of agriculture | The Neolithic age is characterized by : a. The origins pf agriculture b. The development od pastoralism. C. The use of fire to prepare food. D. The use of pots. | 0 | |
| 3553340880 | a. Overall population increased dramatically and became stratified with more stable food supply . | According to the excerpt above, which social change came about with the development of agriculture-based societies? A. Overall population increases dramatically and became stratified with more stable food supply. B. People lived longer because of the decrease in the amount of violence in settled communities. C. Women gained in status and lower a they assumed new roles in society. D. Farmers battled constantly over access to control over land. | 1 | |
| 3553340881 | A. Early farmers lived shorter lives and Had diseases | Which of the following was an effect of the agricultural revolution? A. Early farmers lived shorter lives and Had diseases. B. Early farmers worked less than hunter-gatherers . C. Early farmers no longer worshipped animist religions. D. Early farmers are a more varied and nutritious diet. | 2 | |
| 3553340882 | C. The role of women was valued in catal huyuk, and women may have played an important role in religious rituals . | The discovery of the figure above at catal huyuk can be used to support which of the folk win theories about society in the city? A. Hunting retained an important role in the city even as a reliance on agriculture increased. B. There was a clear political structure and dominant social class in catal huyuk. C. The role of women was valued in catal huyuk, and women may have played an important role in religious rituals . D. Stone and metal work were far more advanced in catal huyuk than in any other river- valley civilization. | 3 | |
| 3553340883 | A. Kings dominated the governing ruling structures. | Which of the following is true of the political organization of both Egypt and Mesopotamia ? A. Kings dominated the governing ruling structures. B. Political legitimacy came from the belief that the leaders descended from the gods. C. Immigration placed great strains on the culture of both societies. d. Women in Egypt and Mesopotamia lacked physical freedom and legal protection . | 4 | |
| 3553340884 | D. Could inherit property and divorce their husbands. | Women in ancient Egypt: A. Never held any political power or influence B. Were the main source of agriculture labor. C. Were empowered by matrilineal nature of Egyptian civilizations. D. Could inherit property and divorce their husbands. | 5 | |
| 3553340885 | C. Geographic isolation resulted in major cultural and technological developments coming from within the region. | Which of the following best describes sub-Saharan Africa societies prior to 1 C.E. ? A. Sub-Saharan Africa was tied to the rest of the world through the Indian Ocean trade network. B. Most sub-Saharan African societies shares major cultural component such as language and religion. C. Geographic isolation resulted in major cultural and technological developments coming from within the region. D. Low population density and the massive size of the region prevented significant migration and interaction. | 6 | |
| 3553340886 | B. A tiered system dominated by the wealthy. | The social structure of ancient Egypt was A. Fluid and status was based on one's skill and merit. B. A tiered system dominated by the wealthy. C. Caste system with no social mobility D. Based on one's relationship and proximity to pharaoh . | 7 | |
| 3553340887 | A. Steppe societies were more likely to have built architectural monument with religious symbolism | Before 800 b.c.e. Info-European steppe tribes were different from Chinese, Indian, and middle eastern societies in which of these ways? A. Steppe societies were more likely to have built architectural monument with religious symbolism. B. Indo-European societies were ruled by oligarchies, while the other societies were governed by monarchies. C. Indo-European tribes did not develop a common religion on which to base social bonds. D. Chinese, Indian, and middle eastern societies formed permanent settlements with wealth based on land. | 8 | |
| 3553340888 | C. Began later than in the eastern hemisphere | Early agriculture in the Americas: A. Developed as a result of cultural diffusion from the eastern hemisphere B. Featured the domestication of larger animals than in the eastern hemisphere C. Began later than in the eastern hemisphere D. Did not produce the wide variety of crops that the eastern hemisphere . E. Saw the rise of urbanization earlier than did the eastern hemisphere . | 9 | |
| 3553340889 | B. It's system of social stratification | The Egyptian civilization was similar to the Sumerian civilization in: A. It's reliance on natural defense barriers B. It's system of social stratification C. It's political structure D. The extent to which it's culture was diffused E. The nature of the flood pattern of its major . | 10 | |
| 3553340890 | a. Mesoamerican | The early civilization with the least developed technology was A. Mesoamerican B. Harappan C. Egyptian D. Sumerian E. Shang | 11 | |
| 3553340891 | . B. The importance of eAch was that they attempted to organize law in ways that people could understand | Which of the following statement about the code of Hammurabi and the Justinian code are accurate? A. Both sets of laws derived their core philosophies from the bible . B. The importance of eAch was that they attempted to organize law in ways that people could understand c. While the Justinian code contained harsh provisions for those convicted of crimes, tej code of Hammurabi was less punitive. D. Neither code applied to women, foreigners. Peasants or slaves | 12 | |
| 3553370180 | A. Buddhism teaches that followers can attain a state of perfect peace. | whxih of the following statements regarding the tenets of Buddhism is most accurate? A. Buddhism teaches that followers can attain a state of perfect peace. B. Buddhism supported the Indian caste system. C. Buddhism is polytheistic. D. Buddhism does not accept reincarnation. | 13 | |
| 3553440212 | C. They were embraced by members of the low Hindu castes on India because of their emphasis on equality. | With regard to the doctrines of Islam in the period c. 600 CE to c. 1450; A. The concept of monotheism was unknown to the inhabitants of the Arabian peninsula prior to Muhammad's teachings. B. Their teachings of equality made them more popular among the general population of African than among African rulers. C. They were embraced by members of the low Hindu castes on India because of their emphasis on equality. D. They found widespread acceptance among Buddhist of both Central Asia and Southeast Asia. E. They were transmitted more frequently through missionary endeavor than thriving commercial contacts or conquests. | 14 | |
| 3553487991 | C. Failure to resolve questions of succession. | One of the weaknesses of the early Muslim empires was: A. Intolerance of the legal traditions of non-Muslim peoples. B. Disregard for the cultural traditions of conquered peoples. C. Failure to resolve questions of succession. D. Insistence on conversion of non-Arabs within the empire. E. Indifference to the Sunni/Shi'ite split. | 15 | |
| 3553532962 | D. Urbanized | Compared to the vista (Vietnamese), the Chinese were more: A. Agrarian B. Ethically diverse c. Interested in trade. D. Urbanized. E. Interested in preserving their own culture. | 16 | |
| 3553571550 | C. Involved competition among a more diverse group of traders. | In the period between c.600 to c.1450, Indian Ocean trade differed from that of the Pacific Ocean in that it: A. Involved contacts with the islands of Southeast Asia. B. Involved only spices. C. Involved competition among a more diverse group of traders. D. Involved commerce across large stretches of water. | 17 | |
| 3553592400 | C. Central Africa along the Atlantic Ocean | By 1500, Islam had extended to all of the following f areas of Africa EXCEPT: A. East Africa along the Indian Ocean B. West Africa C. Central Africa along the Atlantic Ocean d. North Africa along the Mediterranean Sea. | 18 | |
| 3553626748 | B. Europeans did not participate | which of the following is correct concerning Indian Ocean trade from 1000 to 1450? A. Active silk roads overland trade diminished Indian Ocean trade. B. Europeans did not participate c. East Africa was left out of its trade network. D. It was dominated by south sian merchants. | 19 | |
| 3553654181 | B. Included African slavery in he Mediterranean basin and India. | During the period from 600 CE to 1450, long distance travel: a. Was hindered by a lack of safe trade routes between Europe and Asia. B. Included African slavery in he Mediterranean basin and India. C. Was confined to overland routes. D. Bypassed Western Europe. | 20 | |
| 3553693189 | A. Regional states arose in both Africa and Europe. | In the period between 1000 and 1300: A. Regional states arose in both Africa and Europe. B. Islam reached North Africa, while Christianity became dominant in east Africa. C. Trams-Saharan trade decreases as Mediterranean trade increased. D. Early bantu kingdoms broke up into kinship- based societies. | 21 | |
| 3553729381 | D. The Chinese intended to impose their control foreign trade. | Which of the following is true concerning the Chinese and European presence in the Indian Ocean in the fifteenth century? A. Europeans were concerned with demonstrating their military might. B. The Chinese intended to establish harmony in the Indian Ocean. C. European trade decreased in the latter part of the century. D. The Chinese intended to impose their control foreign trade. | 22 | |
| 3553765272 | d. Confucianism and daoism | Which of the following belief systems emerged from political disorder, did not worship a deity, and remained primarily regional beliefs? A. Buddhism and Hinduism B. Confucianism and Islam c. Judaism and Islam d. Confucianism and daoism | 23 | |
| 3553796837 | B. They improved Persian infrastructure by constructing qanat irrigation systems. | Which of the following is NOT true of the Mongols? A. Their government was organized around kinship groups. B. They improved Persian infrastructure by constructing qanat irrigation systems. C. They tended to use local administrators to rule conquered lands. D. They were driven back from Japan by kamikaze winds. | 24 | |
| 3553848360 | B. Shows a noted Muslim author favoring a practice discouraged by the Qur'an. | The second passage does not support the first because the second passage: A. Shows a noted Muslim author arguing in favor of gambling. B. Shows a noted Muslim author favoring a practice discouraged by the Qur'an. C. Shows a noted Muslim author in violation of the Qur'an's injunction against writing verse. D. Shows a noted Muslim expressing atheistic sentiments. | 25 | |
| 3553918725 | What best describes the relationship between Islamic and medieval European culture ? A. Muslim scholars and philosophers borrowed from English and French thinkers . B. Muslim science and translations from freek put medieval Europe on the path to the Renaissance. C. Muslims learned much about European art and architecture during the crusades. D. Muslim and euroean | 26 | ||
| 3553879025 | B. Muslim science and translations from freek put medieval Europe on the path to the Renaissance. | What best describes the relationship between Islamic and medieval European culture ? A. Muslim scholars and philosophers borrowed from English and French thinkers . B. Muslim science and translations from freek put medieval Europe on the path to the Renaissance. C. Muslims learned much about European art and architecture during the crusades. D. Muslim and European cultures did not interact because of intense religious hostility. | 27 | |
| 3554003866 | A. The translation of the Qur'an into the vernacular that allowed Islam to move farther into Africa and Europe | 1. The second age of Islamic conquest, which began on the 1200s , was a result of: A. The translation of the Qur'an into the vernacular that allowed Islam to move farther into Africa and Europe. B. A period of peace and prosperity that enabled Islamic trade routes to spread farther north and west. C. The crusades and other invasions that led to the formation of new militaristic dynasties. D. Disorganization among Western European nations that allowed for further Islamic empire-building. | 28 |
Unit 3 AP Language Vocab Flashcards
For Mrs. Stark's AP Language class
Terms : Hide Images
| 5686110322 | Aesthetic | Having a sense of beauty; giving the impression of beauty | 0 | |
| 5686142509 | Ingratiate | To charm; win favor; make oneself agreeable | 1 | |
| 5686148890 | Vitriolic | Sharply critical; harsh; biting | 2 | |
| 5686162966 | Virtuoso | An expert, particularly in the arts | 3 | |
| 5686175226 | Catalyst | A person or thing that brings about change | 4 | |
| 5686179141 | Propriety | Appropriateness | 5 | |
| 5686183251 | Disparage | To criticize; put down | 6 | |
| 5686191480 | Insipid | Flat; tasteless; unexciting | 7 | |
| 5686197613 | Peerless | So superior as to be without equal; incomparable; unsurpassed | 8 | |
| 5686213419 | Whimsical | Fanciful; odd; arbitrary | 9 | |
| 5686231993 | Rebuff | To reject bluntly; snub | 10 | |
| 5686234936 | Devious | Not straightforward; tricky; shifty | 11 | |
| 5686241616 | Immutable | Never changing or varying | 12 | |
| 5686246934 | Ponderous | Heavy, labored; massive; lacking grace | 13 | |
| 5686254103 | Predecessor | A person who comes before another in time | 14 | |
| 5686262605 | Amicable | Friendly; showing goodwill | 15 | |
| 5686269255 | Static | Not moving or progressing; still | 16 | |
| 5686276781 | Efface | To wipe out; erase | 17 | |
| 5686280155 | Dissonance | A harsh, disagreeable combination of sounds | 18 | |
| 5686315952 | Garrulous | Talkative to an annoying degree | 19 | |
| 5686326805 | Bombastic | Using high-sounding language without much meaning; overblown | 20 | |
| 5686377810 | Acquiesce | To consent without protest; comply, assent | 21 | |
| 5686384661 | Belittle | To make something seem less worthy or less important | 22 | |
| 5686389818 | Diffident | Lacking self-confidence; timid | 23 | |
| 5686409755 | Scanty | Barely sufficient; barely adequate; meager | 24 | |
| 5686403275 | Laconic | Using as few words as possible; terse | 25 | |
| 5686419253 | Articulate | Well-spoken | 26 | |
| 5686435921 | Subjugate | To bring under control; enslave; conquer | 27 | |
| 5686444119 | Delineate | To represent in words or pictures | 28 | |
| 5686452109 | Conciliatory | Tending to win over or appease; pacify | 29 | |
| 5686466996 | Turbulence | Violent irregularity, disturbance, or agitation, as of motion, air, or water | 30 | |
| 5686486963 | Meager | Lacking in quality or quantity; insufficient | 31 | |
| 5686495860 | Quixotic | Idealistic but impractical | 32 | |
| 5686501238 | Suppress | To put down by force | 33 | |
| 5686521291 | Anarchy | Lawlessness; lack of government; absence of authority or rules | 34 | |
| 5686530558 | Temerity | Rash boldness | 35 | |
| 5686537127 | Salutary | Promoting good health | 36 | |
| 5686541150 | Depravity | Evil; moral corruption | 37 | |
| 5686544592 | Authoritarian | Demanding or expecting total obedience | 38 | |
| 5686551636 | Predilection | A natural preference; tendency to like something | 39 | |
| 5686572882 | Desecrate | To treat something with extreme disrespect; to defile | 40 | |
| 5686581738 | Evanescent | Gradually disappearing; fading away like a vapor | 41 | |
| 5686594092 | Paragon | A model of excellence or perfection | 42 | |
| 5686602294 | Provincial | Limited and narrow in outlook; unsophisticated | 43 | |
| 5686608056 | Usurp | To seize power or position by force | 44 | |
| 5686613733 | Supercilious | Proud; scornful; looking down on others | 45 | |
| 5686621836 | Indigent | Not having enough to live on; very poor; impoverished | 46 | |
| 5686630736 | Steadfast | Firmly and consistently loyal | 47 | |
| 5686636426 | Callous | Hardened in mind or feelings | 48 | |
| 5686641922 | Heed | To pay attention to | 49 |
Flashcards
Flashcards
AP Literature Vocabulary Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 2331480151 | Metaphor | A figure of speech in which two completely different things or objects are compared. | 0 | |
| 2331480152 | Personification | A figure of speech in which a thing, an idea, or animal is given human attributes. | 1 | |
| 2331481038 | Understatement | This is when a writer makes a situation less important than it really is. "The test was okay", when it was super hard. | 2 | |
| 2331482718 | Overstatement | When a writer makes a situation seem more important than it truly is. | 3 | |
| 2331482719 | Oxymoron | When two contradictory words are placed together, but can still make sense. ¨ He possessed a cold fire in his eyes¨ All the pain and none of the comfort. | 4 | |
| 2331560364 | Allusion | When the author refers to a place, event,cultural, or literary work. ¨n Conrad's "Heart of Darkness", "the two knitting women" whom Marlow sees alludes to "Moirae" or Fates as visualized in Greek Mythology: "The two knitting women increase his anxiety by gazing at him and all the other sailors with knowing unconcern. Their eerie looks suggest that they know what will happen (the men dying), yet don't care" | 5 | |
| 2331560365 | Parody | Imitation of a particular writer , artist, or a genre, exaggerating it deliberately to produce a comic effect. Vampires Suck-Twilight | 6 | |
| 2331563466 | Allegory | a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one. Frankenstein is an allegory to deformed individuals in society. | 7 | |
| 2331563467 | Biblical Allusion | A reference to a noun in the bible. ¨ He gave the kiss of Judas" - Betrayed Jesus | 8 | |
| 2331605403 | Diction | The style of speech, words, sentence structure, etc in speaking or writing. ¨ And the trees all died. They were orange trees. I don't know why they died, they just died. Something wrong with the soil possibly or maybe the stuff we got from the nursery wasn't the best. We complained about it. ¨ The use of certain words creates a gloomy and depressing atmosphere. | 9 | |
| 2331605404 | Invocation | Trying to make a point and inviting someone to understand it. I will invoke the spirit of compassion by invoking Mother Teresa. | 10 | |
| 2331642196 | Analogy | A comparison between two things that can be both similar and different. ¨Memory is to love what the saucer is to the cup. The House in Paris¨ by Elizabeth Bowen | 11 | |
| 2331643917 | Enticing Imagery | Descriptive language, usually the senses, that heightens the imagination of the reader. In this case, it means imagery that is truly captivating. | 12 | |
| 2331643918 | Dialogue | When two or more characters converse with each other. | 13 | |
| 2331645072 | Symmetry | 14 | ||
| 2338513007 | Plot | The events that make up the story. | 15 | |
| 2338513008 | Irony | When a person basically contradicts themselves. For example: I posted a video on YouTube about how boring and useless YouTube is. Situation irony- both the characters and the audience are fully unaware of the implications of the real situation. Dramatic Irony- The audience is aware of the situation, but the character is not. | 16 | |
| 2338514363 | Simile | Showing similarities between two things without the use of like or as. | 17 | |
| 2338514364 | Satire | A technique employed by writers to expose and criticize foolishness and corruption of an individual or a society by using humor, irony, exaggeration or ridicule. example ( Huckleberry Fin) "There warn't anybody at the church, except maybe a hog or two, for there warn't any lock on the door, and hogs likes a puncheon floor in summer-time because it's cool. If you notice, most folks don't go to church only when they've got to; but a hog is different." (Chap 18) | 18 | |
| 2338515075 | Vignette | A small impressionistic scene, an illustration, a descriptive passage, a short essay, a fiction, or nonfiction work focusing on one particular moment or giving impression about an idea, character, setting, mood, aspect or an object. The purpose of this is to give a deeper meaning of the text. | 19 | |
| 2338627254 | Classical Allusion | A reference to a particular event or character in classical works of literature, such as ancient Roman or Greek works. "I thought the software would be useful, but it was a Trojan Horse." This refers to the horse that the Greeks built that contained all the soldiers. | 20 | |
| 2338627255 | Imagery | To use figurative language to represent objects, actions and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses. | 21 | |
| 2338629179 | Syntax | It dictates how words from different parts of speech are put together in order to convey a complete thought so,how the chosen words are used to form a sentence. In casual conversations, we can simply say, "I cannot go out" to convey our inability to go out. P J Kavanagh's in his poem Beyond Decoration does not rely on merely stating a prosaic "I cannot go out". Rather, he shifts the syntax and says "Go out I cannot", which lays a much stronger emphasis on the inability to go out conveyed by the word "cannot". | 22 | |
| 2338629180 | Symbol | Signify ideas and qualities by giving them meanings that are different from their literal sense. "All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players; they have their exits and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts," The above lines are symbolic of the fact that men and women, in course of their life perform different roles. "A stage" here symbolizes the world and "players" is a symbol for human beings. | 23 | |
| 2338630383 | Themes | Represent the main idea of a story. Basically, what the author wants the audience to get out of the story, a lesson. | 24 | |
| 2338630384 | Euphemism | Refers to polite, indirect expressions which replace words and phrases considered harsh and impolite or which suggest something unpleasant. "Royal wench! She made great Caesar lay his sword to bed. He plowed her, and she cropped." The word "plowed" refers to the act of sexual intercourse and the word "cropped" is a euphemism for becoming pregnant. -Shakespeare(Anthony and Cleopatra) | 25 | |
| 2338631125 | Apostrophe | A writer or a speaker, using an apostrophe, detaches himself from the reality and addresses an imaginary character in his speech. Macbeth "Is this a dagger which I see before me, The handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee! I have thee not, and yet I see thee still." In his mental conflict before murdering King Duncan, Macbeth has a strange vision of a dagger and talks to it as if it were another person. | 26 | |
| 2338631126 | Assonance | Takes place when two or more words close to one another repeat the same vowel sound but start with different consonant sounds. "Men sell the wedding bells." The same vowel sound of the short vowel "-e-" repeats itself in almost all the words excluding the definite article. The words do share the same vowel sounds but start with different consonant sounds | 27 | |
| 2338631997 | Consonance | Refers to repetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or phrase. (The non-vowel sounds) For example She ate seven sandwiches on a sunny Sunday last year | 28 | |
| 2338631998 | Hyperbole | Involves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis. I am so hungry I could eat a horse! | 29 | |
| 2338633485 | Tone | The author's opinion as seen through a text. " Money. It always ends up making you blue as hell." "Catholics are always trying to find out if you're Catholic." Holden's tone is bitterly sarcastic as he criticizes the nature of things in real life. His character may reveal the attitude of the writer towards life as it is common for writers to use their characters as their mouthpieces. | 30 | |
| 2338633486 | Mood | The feelings of the audience. | 31 | |
| 2338633487 | Narrative | A narrative or story is told by a narrator who may be a direct part of that experience and he or she often shares the experience as a first-person narrator. Sometimes he or she may only observe the events as a third-person narrator and gives his or her verdict. | 32 | |
| 2338634571 | Climax | Is that particular point in a narrative at which the conflict or tension hits the highest point. | 33 | |
| 2338635827 | Denouement | A literary device which can be defined as the resolution of the issue of a complicated plot in fiction. Majority of the examples of denouement show the resolution in the final part or chapter that is often an epilogue. "They're a rotten crowd," I shouted across the lawn. "You're worth the whole damn bunch put together....." (The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald) The denouement in The Great Gatsby happens when Nick decides to go back to Minnesota to get away from the rich people who are engaged in all those things which Nick thinks are part of the moral worthlessness in Gatsby's life. All the people in Gatsby's circle were unfaithful. | 34 | |
| 2338635828 | Paradox | A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or silly but may include a latent truth. It is also used to illustrate an opinion or statement contrary to accepted traditional ideas. "Child is father of the man" This statement has seemingly incorrect proposition but when we look deep into its meaning, we see the truth. The poet is saying that the childhood experiences become the basis for all adult occurrences. The childhood of a person shapes his life and consequently "fathers" or creates the grown-up adult. So, "Child is father of the man." | 35 | |
| 2338637028 | Pathos | A quality of an experience in life or a work of art that stirs up emotions of pity, sympathy and sorrow. Pathos can be expressed through words, pictures or even with gestures of the body. | 36 | |
| 2338637029 | Rhetoric | A technique of using language effectively and persuasively in spoken or written form. ohn Milton's Paradise Lost has several examples of rhetoric. To quote an example from Book V: "advise him of his happy state— Happiness in his power left free to will, Left to his own free will, his will though free Yet mutable" The repetition of the phrase "free will" emphasizes the theme of human creation which is making free choices, but the phrase "yet mutable" creates ambiguity that, despite being free, Adam had to be careful, as a wrong act could make him lose his freedom. | 37 |
Ap Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 4840970155 | Absolute distance | The shortest path separation between two places measured on a standard unit of length usually miles or kilometers | 0 | |
| 4840970156 | Absolute location | Position on earth surface using the coordinate system using longitude and latitude exact | 1 | |
| 4840970157 | Accesibility | How easy is it possible to reach a certain location from other locations | 2 | |
| 4840970158 | Cartogram | A map that is a diagram used to present statistical information using distortion to visually show the degree of something | 3 | |
| 4840970159 | Cartography | The science of making maps | 4 | |
| 4840970160 | Centralized pattern | When objects circle or are arranged around another object | 5 | |
| 4840970161 | Clorepleth map | A map which shows different by using shading or colors | 6 | |
| 4840970162 | Cultural landscape | The man-made features on the earth example school schools statues malls | 7 | |
| 4840970163 | Diffusion | How ideas trans ETC spread around the globe | 8 | |
| 4840970164 | Distance decay | The effect of distance on interaction generally the greater the distance the less interaction or influence there is | 9 | |
| 4840970165 | Environmental determinism | The idea that the physical environment causes determines human activities | 10 | |
| 4840970166 | Expansion diffusion | The spread of an innovasion or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that they number of those influence grows continually larger three types hieratical stimulus and contagious | 11 | |
| 4840970167 | Formal uniform region | Homogenous area where everyone shares characteristics such as language or climate | 12 | |
| 4840970168 | Friction of distance | Pertains to the spatial interactions of places interactions tend to take place more often over short distances still longer because distance is difficult to overcome | 13 | |
| 4840970169 | Functional nodal region | Area organized around and tied to a focal point of node example city new station and ETC | 14 | |
| 4840970170 | Geography information systems GIS | A computer system that stores organizes analyzes and displays the other data in layers | 15 | |
| 4840970171 | Geography | Literally earth writing the study of Earth's physical and human features | 16 | |
| 4840970172 | Global positioning system GPS | A system that determines the precise position of something on Irv using satellite tracking stations in receivers | 17 | |
| 4840970173 | Globalization | Increasing interaction among people places in the world | 18 | |
| 4840970174 | Hierarchical diffusion | A way in which an innovation or idea desperate bypassing first among the connected places or people encouraging the leapfrogging of innovations over why areas not everyone adopt the tray or idea | 19 | |
| 4840970175 | Hearth | The area where a cultural trait or idea originate | 20 | |
| 4840970176 | Human geography | Focuses on people where they are Located and how they change The landscaper how they interact | 21 | |
| 4840970177 | Human environment interaction | How humans adapt to an modify their environment | 22 | |
| 4840970178 | International data line | Located at 180° longitude to passing through the middle of the Pacific ocean that designates the place were each calendar day begins | 23 | |
| 4840970179 | Isonline map | A map that uses lines connecting points of equal value something known as a contort or topographic map | 24 | |
| 4840970180 | Isotherm | A line connecting locations with equal temperature | 25 | |
| 4840970181 | Latitude | Measuring distance north and south of the equator parallel | 26 | |
| 4840970182 | Linear pattern | Arranged in a line | 27 | |
| 4840970183 | Longitude | Numbering system to calculate the distance east and west of the prime meridian meridians | 28 | |
| 4840970184 | Map distortion | results when a curved surface is represented on a flat surface | 29 | |
| 4840970185 | Map scale | The relationship between the length of an object on a map in that feature on a landscape | 30 | |
| 4840970186 | Pandemic | Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and Affects a very high portion of the population | 31 | |
| 4840970187 | Perception of a place | Believe or understanding about a place developed through books movies stories or pictures | 32 | |
| 4840970188 | Perceptual vernacular region | Area that people believe exist as a part of their cultural identity said reasons emerge from peoples informal sense of place | 33 | |
| 4840970189 | Physical geography | Focuses on the natural environment climate landforms soil plants and animals | 34 | |
| 4840970190 | Physical landscape | The visible nine man-made features of an area | 35 | |
| 4840970191 | Possiblism | The idea that the physical environment may limit some human activities and actions but people that have The ability to adjust to their Enviroment | 36 | |
| 4840970192 | Rectillinear | Following a grid system | 37 | |
| 4840970193 | Quanative data | Deals with numbers data which can be measured Lenght area speed time temperature cost humidity called members ages and E TC | 38 | |
| 4840970194 | Qualitive data | Deuce with the descriptions data can be observed but not magic colors text you smell taste of Appearance beauty and E TC | 39 | |
| 4840970195 | Reference map | map that shows the absolute location of places geographic feautures typically using latitude and longitudes | 40 | |
| 4840970196 | Region | in area distinguished by one or more unique characteristics a way of organizing space on earth service | 41 | |
| 4840970197 | Relocation diffusion | The spread of a feature or trend through the physical movement of people from one place to another | 42 | |
| 4840970198 | Relative distance | Distance measure not in linear terms such as miles or kilometers but in terms such as cost and times | 43 | |
| 4840970199 | Relative location | Position on earth surface in relation to other features | 44 | |
| 4840970200 | Remote sensing | Using satellite to gain information about our Earth surface | 45 | |
| 4840970201 | Site | The physical or human characteristics of a place like natural Harbor physical or high unemployment human and also referred to the absolute location of a place | 46 | |
| 4840970202 | Situation location in relation to other objects assessability and connectedness | 47 | ||
| 4840970203 | Stimulis diffusion | When one people receive a trait element but give it a new and unique form | 48 | |
| 4840970204 | Thematic map | Map that tells a story is typically showing the degree of something attribute or the movement of a geography phenomenon | 49 | |
| 4840970205 | Time spave compression | Reduction in time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communication in transportation systems | 50 | |
| 4840970206 | Time zone | Regions that have adopted the same standard time every 15° of longitude equals one hour of time measure from GMT | 51 | |
| 4840970207 | Space/spatial | Refers to the physical gap or interval between two objects not outter space | 52 |
AP Literature Definition Assignment Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 2695046241 | allegory | a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one | 0 | |
| 2695046242 | allusion | a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance. It does not describe in detail the person or thing to which it refers. It is just a passing comment and the writer expects the reader to possess enough knowledge to spot the allusion and grasp its importance in a text. | 1 | |
| 2695046526 | ambiguity | a word, phrase, or statement which contains more than one meaning. Ambiguous words or statements lead to vagueness and confusion, and shape the basis for instances of unintentional humor. For instance, it is ambiguous to say "I rode a black horse in red pajamas," because it may lead us to think the horse was wearing red pajamas. The sentence becomes clear when it is restructured "Wearing red pajamas, I rode a black horse." | 2 | |
| 2695046527 | apostrophe | In literature, apostrophe is a figure of speech sometimes represented by exclamation "O". A writer or a speaker, using an apostrophe, detaches himself from the reality and addresses an imaginary character in his speech. It is important not to confuse the apostrophe which is a figure of speech and the apostrophe which is a punctuation mark ('). It shows possession or a mark to indicate omission of one or more letters (contractions) while apostrophe used in literature is an arrangement of words addressing a non-existent person or an abstract idea in such a way as if it were present and capable of understanding feelings. | 3 | |
| 2695047221 | attitude | 4 | ||
| 2695047222 | connotation | refers to a meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly. Words carry cultural and emotional associations or meanings in addition to their literal meanings or denotations. For instance, "Wall Street" literally means a street situated in Lower Manhattan but connotatively it refers to "wealth" and "power". | 5 | |
| 2695047223 | convention | a practice or device which is accepted as a necessary, useful, or given feature of a genre, e.g., the proscenium stage (the "picture-frame" stage of most theaters), a soliloquy, the epithet or boast in the epic (which those of you who took Core Studies 1 will be familiar with). | 6 | |
| 2695047607 | denotation | generally defined as literal or dictionary meanings of a word in contrast to its connotative or associated meanings. Let us try to understand this term with the help of an example. If you search for meaning of the word "dove" in a dictionary, you will see that its meaning is "a type of pigeon, a wild and domesticated bird having a heavy body and short legs." In literature, however, you frequently see "dove" referred to as a symbol of peace. | 7 | |
| 2695047608 | details | 8 | ||
| 2695047976 | devices of sound | 9 | ||
| 2695047977 | diction | the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing | 10 | |
| 2695047978 | didactic | Intended or inclined to teach, preach, or instruct, often excessively. Noun: didacticism. Didactic writing often makes use of the second-person point of view. Highly regarded writers of didactic essays from the Victorian era include Thomas De Quincey (1785-1859), Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881), Thomas Macaulay (1800-1859), and John Ruskin (1819-1900). (See Examples and Observations, below.) | 11 | |
| 2695048310 | digression | While reading a narrative, a reader comes across several sudden interruptions in the main action of the story, which provides him background information, establish his interest, describe character's motivation and build suspense, etc. These interruptions are called digressions. A digression is a stylistic device authors employ to create a temporary departure from the main subject of the narrative to focus on apparently unrelated topics, explaining background details. However, after this temporary shift, authors return to the main topic at the end of the narrative. | 12 | |
| 2695048311 | epigram | A concise, clever, and sometimes paradoxical statement or line of verse. Adjective: epigrammatic. A person who composes or uses epigrams is an epigrammatist. Benjamin Franklin, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oscar Wilde are all known for their highly epigrammatic writing styles | 13 | |
| 2695048799 | euphemism | 14 | ||
| 2695048800 | figurative language | a word or phrase that departs from everyday literal language for the sake of comparison, emphasis, clarity, or freshness. Metaphor and simile are the two most commonly used figures of speech, but things like hyperbole, synecdoche, puns, and personification are also figures of speech | 15 | |
| 2695050410 | grotesque | 16 | ||
| 2695050411 | hyperbole | derived from a Greek word meaning "over-casting" is a figure of speech, which involves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis. It is a device that we employ in our day-to-day speech. For instance, when you meet a friend after a long time, you say, "Ages have passed since I last saw you". You may not have met him for three or four hours or a day, but the use of the word "ages" exaggerates this statement to add emphasis to your wait. Therefore, a hyperbole is an unreal exaggeration to emphasize the real situation | 17 | |
| 2695050423 | imagery | visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work | 18 | |
| 2695052120 | verbal irony | A trope (or figure of speech) in which the intended meaning of a statement differs from the meaning that the words appear to express. | 19 | |
| 2695052121 | situational irony | Situational irony occurs when the final outcome is contradictory to what was expected. Usually, the episodes in the plot of a story will lead the audience to expect a particular resolution or ending. If such an expected outcome fails and instead another contrary outcome occurs, the absurdity is termed situational irony. Such a form of irony is the result a discrepancy in perspective, such that what is known and expected at one moment differs with what is known later on. Some might only consider situational irony to be ironic rarely if at all. Rather, in most cases, it seems more like coincidence. | 20 | |
| 2695052335 | dramatic irony | an important stylistic device that is commonly found in plays, movies, theaters and sometimes in poetry. Storytellers use this irony as a useful plot device for creating situations where audience knows more about the situations, the causes of conflicts and their resolutions before leading characters or actors. That is why the readers observe that the speech of actors takes on unusual meanings. For instance, the audience knows that a character is going to be murdered or making a decision to commit suicide; however, one particular character or others may not be aware of these facts. Hence, the words and actions of characters would suggest a different meaning to the audience from what they indicate to the characters and the story. Thus, it creates intense suspense and humor. This speech device also emphasizes, embellishes and conveys emotions and moods more effectively. ex. Romeo and Juliet | 21 | |
| 2695052336 | jargon | a literary term that is defined as a use of specific phrases and words by writers in a particular situation, profession or trade. These specialized terms are used to convey hidden meanings accepted and understood in that field. Jargon examples are found in literary and non-literary pieces of writing. The use of jargon becomes essential in prose or verse or some technical pieces of writing when the writer intends to convey something only to the readers who are aware of these terms. Therefore, jargon was taken in early times as a trade language or as a language of a specific profession, as it is somewhat unintelligible for other people who do not belong to that particular profession. In fact, specific terms were developed to meet the needs of the group of people working within the same field or occupation. | 22 | |
| 2695052337 | literal | taking words in their usual or most basic sense without metaphor or allegory | 23 | |
| 2695053106 | lyrical | expressing the writer's emotions in an imaginative and beautiful way | 24 | |
| 2695053107 | metaphor | figurative language, comparing two things without using like or as | 25 | |
| 2695053388 | metonymy | Metonymy in literature refers to the practice of not using the formal word for an object or subject and instead referring to it by using another word that is intricately linked to the formal name or word. It is the practice of substituting the main word with a word that is closely linked to it. Example: When we use the name "Washington D.C" we are talking about the U.S' political hot seat by referring to the political capital of the United States because all the significant political institutions such as the White House, Supreme Court, the U.S. Capitol and many more are located her. The phrase "Washington D.C." is metonymy for the government of the U.S. in this case. | 26 | |
| 2695053389 | monologue | Monologue comes from Greek word monos means alone and logos means speech. It is a literary device, which is the speech or verbal presentation that a single character presents in order to express his/her collection of thoughts and ideas aloud. Often this character addresses directly to audience or another character. Monologues are found in the dramatic medium like films, plays and also in non-dramatic medium such poetry. In interior monologue, a character externalizes his thoughts, so that audience could witness the experiences, which might otherwise be remained internal. Often found in plays, movies and novels, this technique is also called as stream of consciousness. It has further two categories, direct and indirect. In direct interior monologue, an author does not show his presence and directly reveals his character, while in an indirect interior monologue, an author appears as a commentator, guide, presenter and selector. In this type of monologue, a character speaks to the silent listener. This type has theatrical qualities. Hence, it is known as dramatic monologue, and is frequently used in poetry. Monologue and soliloquy are similar as both are speeches presented by a single person. But a major difference between them is that, in monologue, a speaker reveals his thoughts to the audience or any other character, whereas in a soliloquy, the speaker expresses his thoughts to himself/herself, and it does not involve any other characters. | 27 | |
| 2695053390 | narrator | a person who narrates something, especially a character who recounts the events of a novel or narrative poem. | 28 | |
| 2695053643 | oxymoron | plural oxymora, is a figure of speech in which two opposite ideas are joined to create an effect. The common oxymoron phrase is a combination of an adjective proceeded by a noun with contrasting meanings e.g. "cruel kindness" or "living death". However, the contrasting words/phrases are not always glued together. The contrasting ideas may be spaced out in a sentence e.g. "In order to lead, you must walk behind." | 29 | |
| 2695053644 | parable | A parable is a realistic, simple and short narrative story which is meant for conveying a moral or religious lesson by the help of comparisons. It is a type of an allegory It was mostly used by Jesus Christ to make his disciples understand what he said. A parable is slightly different from fable which is also a kind of allegory to construct a point whereas parable is composed or told in response to a specific situation and addresses that situation, at least implicitly, in an allegorical manner. | 30 | |
| 2695053645 | paradox | A statement that seems to contradict itself but then turns out to have a rational meaning, as in this "I never found the companion that as so companionable as solitude" | 31 | |
| 2695053646 | parody | an imitation of a particular writer, artist or a genre, exaggerating it deliberately to produce a comic effect. The humorous effect in parody is achieved by imitating and overstressing noticeable features of a famous piece of literature, as in caricatures, where certain peculiarities of a person are highlighted to achieve a humorous effect. We, in our daily life, can employ the above technique to spoof somebody for the sake of fun. Parody examples are often confused as examples of satire. Although parody can be used to develop satire, it differs from satire to a certain extent. Parody mimics a subject directly to produce a comical effect. Satire, on the other hand, makes fun of a subject without a direct imitation. Moreover, satire aims at correcting shortcomings in society by criticizing them. | 32 | |
| 2695054357 | personification | figurative language, giving human like qualities to something that is not human | 33 | |
| 2695054358 | rhetorical question | A question (such as "How could I be so stupid?") that's asked merely for effect with no answer expected. The answer may be obvious or immediately provided by the questioner. A rhetorical question can be "an effective persuasive device, subtly influencing the kind of response one wants to get from an audience" (Edward P.J. Corbett). See Examples and Observations, below. In English, rhetorical questions are commonly used in speech and in informal kinds of writing (such as advertisements). | 34 | |
| 2695054359 | satire | Satire is a technique employed by writers to expose and criticize foolishness and corruption of an individual or a society by using humor, irony, exaggeration or ridicule. It intends to improve humanity by criticizing its follies and foibles. A writer in a satire uses fictional characters, which stand for real people, to expose and condemn their corruption. A writer may point a satire toward a person, a country or even the entire world. Usually, a satire is a comical piece of writing which makes fun of an individual or a society to expose its stupidity and shortcomings. In addition, he hopes that those he criticizes will improve their characters by overcoming their weaknesses. | 35 | |
| 2695054699 | setting | used to identify and establish the time, place and mood of the events of the story. It basically helps in establishing where and when and under what circumstances the story is taking place. | 36 | |
| 2695054700 | simile | form of figurative language, compare two things using like or as | 37 | |
| 2695055342 | soliloquy | A soliloquy is a popular literary device often used in drama to reveal the innermost thoughts of a character. It is a great technique used to convey the progress of action of the play by means of expressing a character's thoughts about a certain character or past, present or upcoming event while talking to himself without acknowledging the presence of any other person. Sometimes soliloquy is wrongly mixed up with monologue and aside. These two techniques are distinctly different from a soliloquy. Although, like soliloquy, a monologue is a speech, the purpose and presentation of both is different. In a monologue, a character usually makes a speech in the presence of other characters, while in a soliloquy, the character or speaker speaks to himself. By doing so, the character keeps these thoughts secret from the other characters of the play. An aside on the other hand, is a short comment by a character towards the audience for another character usually without his knowing about it. | 38 | |
| 2695059289 | stereotype | A character who is so ordinary or unoriginal that the character seems like an oversimplified representation of a type, gender, class, religious group, or occupation. Cf. stock character, below. ... | 39 | |
| 2695055343 | structure | construct or arrange according to a plan; give a pattern or organization to | 40 | |
| 2695055344 | style | The style in writing can be defined as the way a writer writes and it is the technique which an individual author uses in his writing. It varies from author to author and depends upon one's syntax, word choice, and tone. It can also be described as a voice that readers listen to when they read the work of a writer. Expository writing style is a subject-oriented style. The focus of the writer in this type of writing style is to tell the readers about a specific subject or topic and in the end the author leaves out his own opinion about that topic. In descriptive writing style, the author focuses on describing an event, a character or a place in detail. Sometimes, descriptive writing style is poetic in nature in, where the author specifies an event, an object or a thing rather than merely giving information about an event that has happened. Usually the description incorporates sensory details. Persuasive style of writing is a category of writing in which the writer tries to give reasons and justification to make the readers believe his point of view . The persuasive style aims to persuade and convince the readers. Narrative writing style is a type of writing where the writer narrates a story to. It includes short stories, novels, novellas, biographies and poetry. | 41 | |
| 2695055345 | symbol | Use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities by giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal sense. | 42 | |
| 2695055353 | synecdoche | A figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole (for example, ABCs for alphabet) or the whole for a part ("England won the World Cup in 1966"). Adjective: synecdochic or synecdochal. Synecdoche is often treated as a type of metonymy. | 43 | |
| 2695055719 | theme | a main idea or an underlying meaning of a literary work that may be stated directly or indirectly. | 44 | |
| 2695058782 | thesis | a statement in a non-fiction or a fiction work that a writer intends to support and prove. One can find examples of thesis statement at the beginning of literary pieces. These thesis statemets are of utmost importance, as they serve as clear indicators as to which directions writers will follow in their work. A thesis statement is carefully chosen by a writer and is marked by vigilant selection of words that will never miss its target. Generally, such a statement shows up in the first paragraph or what is called an introduction. Despite writers' efforts to prove their thesis statements, not all of these statements can be verified for their exactness. Nevertheless, they do develop an argument. | 45 | |
| 2695059290 | tone | an attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. Tone is generally conveyed through the choice of words or the viewpoint of a writer on a particular subject. Every written piece comprises a central theme or subject matter. The manner in which a writer approaches this theme and subject is the tone. The tone can be formal, informal, serious, comic, sarcastic, sad, and cheerful or it may be any other existing attitudes. | 46 | |
| 2695059291 | antecedent | In grammar, the noun or noun phrase that a pronoun refers to. More broadly, an antecedent may be any word in a sentence (or in a sequence of sentences) which another word or phrase refers to. | 47 | |
| 2695059565 | clause | A group of words that contains a subject and a predicate. Adjective: clausal. A clause may be either a sentence (an independent clause) or a sentence-like construction within another sentence (a dependent or subordinate clause). | 48 | |
| 2695059566 | ellipsis | a literary device that is used in narratives to omit some parts of a sentence or event, which gives the reader a chance to fill the gaps while acting or reading it out. It is usually written between the sentences as "...". Most films have ellipses to omit the sections of a story or event that are not of any significance within the narrative. Apart from being convenient, ellipsis also helps in advancing the story. | 49 | |
| 2695059567 | juxtaposition | a literary technique in which two or more ideas, places, characters and their actions are placed side by side in a narrative or a poem for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts. ex. "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way..." | 50 | |
| 2695060010 | modifier | A word, phrase, or clause that functions as an adjective or adverb to provide additional information about another word or word group (called the head). Modifiers in English include adjectives, adverbs, demonstratives, possessive determiners, prepositional phrases, degree modifiers, and intensifiers | 51 | |
| 2695060011 | parallel structure | Two or more words, phrases, or clauses that are similar in length and grammatical form. Also called parallelism. | 52 | |
| 2695060200 | syntax | the way in which words are put together to form phrases, clauses, or sentences | 53 | |
| 2695060417 | periodic sentence | A long and frequently involved sentence, marked by suspended syntax, in which the sense is not completed until the final word--usually with an emphatic climax. Contrast with loose sentence and cumulative sentence. The distinction between periodic and loose sentences, notes Jeanne Fahnestock, "begins with Aristotle, who described types of sentences on the basis of how 'tight' or how 'open' they sounded" | 54 | |
| 2695060418 | simple sentence | A sentence with only one independent clause (also known as a main clause). | 55 | |
| 2695061117 | compound sentence | A sentence that contains at least two independent clauses. Compound sentences can be formed in three basic ways: (1) using a coordinating conjunction (and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet) to join the main clauses; (2) using a semicolon, either with or without a conjunctive adverb; (3) on occasion, using a colon. | 56 | |
| 2695061123 | complex sentence | a sentence that contains an independent clause and at least one dependent clause. | 57 |
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