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AP Language and Composition Terms Flashcards

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4329094409Ad HominemAn argument based on the failings of an adversary rather than on the merits of the case; a logical fallacy that involves a personal attack.0
4329098459AdjectiveThe part of speech (or word class) that modifies a noun or a pronoun.1
4329103486AdverbThe part of speech (or word class) that modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb2
4329105542AllegoryExtending a metaphor so that objects, persons, and actions in a text are equated with meanings that lie outside the text.3
4329107621AlliterationThe repetition of an initial consonant sound.4
4329109275AllusionA brief, usually indirect reference to a person, place, or event--real or fictional.5
4329112915AmbiguityThe presence of two or more possible meanings in any passage.6
4329116598AnalogyReasoning or arguing from parallel cases.7
4329118586AnaphoraThe repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or verses.8
4329120732AntecedentThe noun or noun phrase referred to by a pronoun.9
4329123092AntithesisThe juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases.10
4329126396Aphorism(1) A tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion. (2) A brief statement of a principle11
4329129244ApostropheA rhetorical term for breaking off discourse to address some absent person or thing.12
4329131732Appeal to AuthorityA fallacy in which a speaker or writer seeks to persuade not by giving evidence but by appealing to the respect people have for a famous person or institution.13
4329134509AsyndetonThe omission of conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses (opposite of polysyndeton).14
4329136497CharacterAn individual (usually a person) in a narrative (usually a work of fiction or creative nonfiction).15
4329138051ChiasmusA verbal pattern in which the second half of an expression is balanced against the first but with the parts reversed.16
4329141800Circular ArgumentAn argument that commits the logical fallacy of assuming what it is attempting to prove.17
4329143576ClaimAn arguable statement, which may be a claim of fact, value, or policy.18
4329145466ClauseA group of words that contains a subject and a predicate.19
4329146640ClimaxMounting by degrees through words or sentences of increasing weight and in parallel construction with an emphasis on the high point or culmination of a series of events.20
4329149861ColloquialCharacteristic of writing that seeks the effect of informal spoken language as distinct from formal or literary English.21
4329152039ComparisonA rhetorical strategy in which a writer examines similarities and/or differences between two people, places, ideas, or objects.22
4329154835ComplementA word or word group that completes the predicate in a sentence.23
4329162206ConcessionAn argumentative strategy by which a speaker or writer acknowledges the validity of an opponent's point.24
4329163851ConfirmationThe main part of a text in which logical arguments in support of a position are elaborated.25
4329166060ConjunctionThe part of speech (or word class) that serves to connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences.26
4329169521ConnotaionThe emotional implications and associations that a word may carry.27
4329171965CoordinationThe grammatical connection of two or more ideas to give them equal emphasis and importance. Contrast with subordination.28
4329176123DeductionA method of reasoning in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the stated premises.29
4329177993DenotationThe direct or dictionary meaning of a word, in contrast to its figurative or associated meanings.30
4329179791DialectA regional or social variety of a language distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, and/or vocabulary.31
4329181723Diction(1) The choice and use of words in speech or writing. (2) A way of speaking, usually assessed in terms of prevailing standards of pronunciation and elocution.32
4329183794DidacticIntended or inclined to teach or instruct, often excessively.33
4329189734EncomiumA tribute or eulogy in prose or verse glorifying people, objects, ideas, or events.34
4329192315EpiphoraThe repetition of a word or phrase at the end of several clauses. (Also known as epistrophe.)35
4329196154Epitaph(1) A short inscription in prose or verse on a tombstone or monument. (2) A statement or speech commemorating someone who has died: a funeral oration.36
4329198288EthosA persuasive appeal based on the projected character of the speaker or narrator.37
4329201066EulogyA formal expression of praise for someone who has recently died.38
4329202657EuphemismThe substitution of an inoffensive term for one considered offensively explicit.39
4329204373ExpositionA statement or type of composition intended to give information about (or an explanation of) an issue, subject, method, or idea.40
4329206271Extended MetaphorA comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem.41
4329208114FallacyAn error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid.42
4329210355False DilemmaA fallacy of oversimplification that offers a limited number of options (usually two) when in fact more options are available.43
4329212958Figurative LanguageLanguage in which figures of speech (such as metaphors, similes, and hyperbole) freely occur.44
4329214983Figures of SpeechThe various uses of language that depart from customary construction, order, or significance.45
4329231217FlashbackA shift in a narrative to an earlier event that interrupts the normal chronological development of a story.46
4329233843GenreA category of artistic composition, as in film or literature, marked by a distinctive style, form, or content.47
4329235266Hasty GeneralizationA fallacy in which a conclusion is not logically justified by sufficient or unbiased evidence.48
4329238282HyperboleA figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect; an extravagant statement.49
4329240915ImagryVivid descriptive language that appeals to one or more of the senses.50
4329288121InductionA method of reasoning by which a rhetor collects a number of instances and forms a generalization that is meant to apply to all instances.51
4329291637InvectiveDenunciatory or abusive language; discourse that casts blame on somebody or something.52
4329301440IronyThe use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning. A statement or situation where the meaning is directly contradicted by the appearance or presentation of the idea.53
4329303917IsocolonA succession of phrases of approximately equal length and corresponding structure.54
4329308032JargonThe specialized language of a professional, occupational, or other group, often meaningless to outsiders.55
4329309657LitotesA figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite.56
4329311509Loose SentenceA sentence structure in which a main clause is followed by subordinate phrases and clauses. Contrast with periodic sentence.57
4329314688MetaphorA figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something important in common.58
4329348469MetonymyA figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated (such as "crown" for "royalty").59
4329360681NounThe part of speech (or word class) that is used to name a person, place, thing, quality, or action.60
4329375150OnomatopoeiaThe formation or use of words that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to.61
4329380573OxymoronA figure of speech in which incongruous or contradictory terms appear side by side.62
4329382732ParadoxA statement that appears to contradict itself.63
4329382799ParallelismThe similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses.64
4329384679ParodyA literary or artistic work that imitates the characteristic style of an author or a work for comic effect or ridicule.65
4329387100PathosThe means of persuasion that appeals to the audience's emotions.66
4329389014Periodic SentenceA long and frequently involved sentence, marked by suspended syntax, in which the sense is not completed until the final word--usually with an emphatic climax.67
4329390909PersonificationA figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstraction is endowed with human qualities or abilities.68
4329392554Point of ViewThe perspective from which a speaker or writer tells a story or presents information.69
4329394218PredicateOne of the two main parts of a sentence or clause, modifying the subject and including the verb, objects, or phrases governed by the verb.70
4329397205PronounA word (a part of speech or word class) that takes the place of a noun.71
4329397206ProseOrdinary writing (both fiction and nonfiction) as distinguished from verse.72
4329400971RefutationThe part of an argument wherein a speaker or writer anticipates and counters opposing points of view.73
4329402400RepetitionAn instance of using a word, phrase, or clause more than once in a short passage--dwelling on a point.74
4329404512RhetoricThe study and practice of effective communication.75
4329406648Rhetorical QuestionA question asked merely for effect with no answer expected.76
4329408886Running StyleSentence style that appears to follow the mind as it worries a problem through, mimicking the "rambling, associative syntax of conversation"--the opposite of periodic sentence style.77
4329411944SarcasmA mocking, often ironic or satirical remark.78
4329413990SatireA text or performance that uses irony, derision, or wit to expose or attack human vice, foolishness, or stupidity.79
4329416001SimileA figure of speech in which two fundamentally unlike things are explicitly compared, usually in a phrase introduced by "like" or "as."80
4329417976StyleNarrowly interpreted as those figures that ornament speech or writing; broadly, as representing a manifestation of the person speaking or writing.81
4330208619SubjectThe part of a sentence or clause that indicates what it is about.82
4330211299SyllogismA form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.83
4330213750SubordinationWords, phrases, and clauses that make one element of a sentence dependent on (or subordinate to) another. Contrast with coordination.84
4330304290SymbolA person, place, action, or thing that (by association, resemblance, or convention) represents something other than itself.85
4330306660SynecdocheA figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole or the whole for a part.86
4330310754Syntax(1) The study of the rules that govern the way words combine to form phrases, clauses, and sentences. (2) The arrangement of words in a sentence.87
4330316092ThesisThe main idea of an essay or report, often written as a single declarative sentence.88
4330318314ToneA writer's attitude toward the subject and audience. Tone is primarily conveyed through diction, point of view, syntax, and level of formality.89
4330322584TransitionThe connection between two parts of a piece of writing, contributing to coherence.90
4330325540UnderstatementA figure of speech in which a writer deliberately makes a situation seem less important or serious than it is.91
4330327565VerbThe part of speech (or word class) that describes an action or occurrence or indicates a state of being.92
4330331069Voice(1) The quality of a verb that indicates whether its subject acts (active voice) or is acted upon (passive voice). (2) The distinctive style or manner of expression of an author or narrator.93
4330334707ZeugmaThe use of a word to modify or govern two or more words although its use may be grammatically or logically correct with only one.94
4330399578Appeal to IgnoranceA fallacy that uses an opponent's inability to disprove a conclusion as proof of the conclusion's correctness.95
4330402085ArgumentA course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating truth or falsehood.96
4330405992AssonanceThe identity or similarity in sound between internal vowels in neighboring words.97
4330431529Mode of DiscourseThe way in which information is presented in a text. The four traditional modes are narration, description, exposition, and argument.98
4330435106Mood(1) The quality of a verb that conveys the writer's attitude toward a subject. (2) The emotion evoked by a text.99
4330437949NarrativeA rhetorical strategy that recounts a sequence of events, usually in chronological order.100
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AP Spanish Language & Culture Flashcards

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4375469207la trincalanyard0
4375535131confianzaconfidence1
4375537015fe ciezablind faith2
4375543880la autoestimaself-esteem3
4375549510cabizbajodistraught4
4375552441las vivenciaslife events5
4375554446echar la culpato blame6
4375557419hacerse cargo deto take charge7
4375561489por últimolast8
4375561490merecerto deserve9
4375564291la derrotadefeat10
4375566033afferarseto hang on to11
4375569003llevar a caboto accomplish12
4375570735conformarse conto settle with13
4375573816la acogidaacceptance14
4375576295mediantewith15
4375576296coherentecoherant16
4375577849aportesupport17
4375580010por su cuentaon their own18
4375582272sacar a flotepresent / reveal19
4375588793los temporerostemporary workers20
4375589028a pesar deinspite of21
4375590747aisladoalienated22
4375594141a continuaciónfurthermore23
4375596498tener en cuentato keep in mind24
4375596499rendirto conquer25
4375640881los vínculosfamily ties26
4375644190actualmentecurrently27
4375652515las personas de la tercera edadsenior citizens28
4375656746el anfitrión / la anfitrionahost / hostess29
4375668671realizarexecute / direct30
4375670422dar origen ato originate / to create31
4375673985fijarto fix / to focus32
4375679794entrar en juegoto come into play33
4375683077apenashardly34
4375687813procedentes deorigin35
4375695723provenirforthcoming36
4375697795el perfirprofile37
4375700068el perejilparsley38
4375702008sin embargohowever39
4375702009dirimirdisponer de40
4375704393deslumbrarto dazzle / to illuminate41
4375708591aguerridocourageous42
4375712051jubliadoretired43
4375720656difundidodispersed44
4375724684rebotarto rebound45
4375735250accarrearto rise / to transport46
4375741638el columpioswing47
4375741639el cañopipe48
4375744085hacer girasto travel49
4375760578escasoscarce50
4375764896a partir defrom now on / henceforth51
4375767823brindarto toast52
4375767824accederto access53
4375770256amparadocovered54
4375772151por tantoso / therefore55
4375775601la tasarate56
4375779191el analfabetismoilliterate57
4375782097dispositivodevice58
4375785098coheterocket59
4375788036útiluseful60
4375791022provecho de / beneficio debenefit from61
4375799028disminuirdecrease62
4375801485superarovercome63
4375804413el argotjargon / slang64
4375806572cheverécool65
4375808686ademásbesides66
4375808688engancharto hook67
4375810739propuestasproposals68
4375814150el hallezgodiscovery69
4375816436hallarto discover70
4375820216de lucronon-profit71
4375821876a lo largo ancho dethroughout72
4375828299gobernarto govern73
4375828300remesaspayment74
4375831201envilicerto degrade75
4375833903cumplir los requisitosmeet the requirements76
4375848225biblioburrostraveling library77
4375853241debido acaused by78
4375856559hundirseto submerge79
4375856560el hieloice80
4375859372alimentarto eat81
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AP English Language Vocabulary: October, 2017 Flashcards

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7811809126AnastropheDeparture from normal word order for the sake of emphasis0
7811825775Zeugmaverb or an adjective applies to more than one noun1
7811855676Anaphorathe repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of consecutive lines or sentences2
7811869007AlliterationRepetition of initial consonant sounds3
7811888540Allusionan expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly4
7811898143Anecdotea short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person5
7811915493Archaic DictionThe use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language.6
7811923446Antecedentthe word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers7
7811933512Antithesisthe opposition or contrast of ideas; the direct opposite.8
7811941282AnalogyA comparison of two different things that are similar in some way9
7811949302litotesA form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite10
7811982484hyperboleexaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.11
7811993223ironya contrast between what is expected and what actually exists or happens12
7812032163paradoxa statement that seems contradictory or absurd, but is actually valid or true13
7812055595euphemismuse of an inoffensive word or phrase in place of a more distasteful one14
7812082179chiasmusreversal of grammatical structures in successive parallel phrases or clauses. AB-BA rather than AB-AB15
7812117150metonymysubstituting the name of one object for another object closely associated with it16
7812151862hypophoraAsking a question and immediately answering it17
7812169871epistropheRepetition of the same word or group of words at the ends of successive clauses18
7812179548syntaxSentence structure The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences.19
7812193716periodic sentencesentence whose main clause is withheld until the end20
7812211768cumulative sentenceThe main independent clause is elaborated by the addition of modifying clauses or phrases Sentence that places the main idea at the beginning, and then builds upon it21
7812237376hortative sentencesentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action22
7812243303imperative sentenceA sentence that requests or commands.23
7812249624loose sentenceMain idea comes at the beginning, followed by independent phrases/clauses24
7812267665asyndentonConjunctions are omitted, producing a fast-paced and rapid prose25
7812278724polysyndentonThe use of many conjunctions to slow the pace26
7812288118epanalepsisrepetition at the end of a clause of the word that occurred at the beginning of the clause27
7812301791antimetaboleThe repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast.28
7812318033inversion29
7812322505juxtapositionPlacement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts30
7812333783metaphorfigure of speech that compares two things without using like or as31
7812347864simileA comparison of two things using like or as32
7812356526oxymoronIt is a figure of speech in which two opposite ideas are joined to create an effect.33
7812372765parallelismthe repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures34
7812382369personificationthe giving of human qualities to an animal, object, or idea35
7812399744rhetorical questiona question that is asked without expecting an answer36
7812435299synecdocheusing one part of an object to represent the entire object37
7812445545meiosisan understatement using euphemism to minimize or belittle the importance or size of someone or something.38
7812662333apostropheAn address to a dead or absent person, or personification as if he or she were present39
7812672433colloquial dictioneveryday usage that may contain terms accepted in a group but not universally acceptable used in ordinary, or familiar, conversation40
7812682062slangInformal and unconventional words often understood only within a particular group41
7812702690jargonthe specialized language or vocabulary of a particular group or profession42
7812709385euphoniclanguage that is pleasant, harmonious, or musical43
7812789356cacophanousa harsh or unpleasant sound44
7812805462concrete diction/languagewords that emphasize things immediately perceivable by the senses (sour or yellow)45
7812839535abstract dictionwords representing qualities that cannot be perceived with the five senses.(such as faithful, patriotic)46
7812879743cliche'a phrase or opinion that is overused and betrays a lack of original thought47
7812888173idiomA common expression that doesn't make sense if you take it literally; ex: the test was a piece of cake48
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Ap Flashcards

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5316726058Shinto"The way of gods" original religion of japanese. Has no founder, no official scriptures, but preserved beliefs for ages0
5316726059Taiko reformsSet of doctrines est. by emperor Kotoku. Writtten after death of prince shotoku.1
5316726060Heian period fujiwaraConsidered peak of japan. Imperial court & advancef on art (poetry & lit.) real power was in hands of fujiwara clan (powerful aristocr. Fam that married w/ imperial fam.2
5317135193ShogunChief general, given title by emperor. Real power was in the hands of the shogun, highest rank. More power than emperor.3
5317135194DiamyoOwners of large tracts of land. Powerful Samurai. Part warrior, part nobility. Peasants & artisans worked to support samurai class4
5317135195Bushido"The way of the warrior" Japanese term for samurai way of life. Sort of similar to concept of chivalry. Made basis for whole society for ethical training5
5317209951Zen/chan buddhismDeveloped beginning of 6th century CE, spread to rest of east Asia. Known for use of lang., development of new narrative forms, direct realization of Buddhist awakening6
5317209952Delhi sultanateMuslim kingdom that stretched over large parts of Indian sub-cont. for 320 years. Under the sultans oh Kahlji dyn. It became an imperial power7
5355439887Genghis khanFounder and great emperor of mongols. Consolidated tribes into unified Mongolia & ext. emp. Across Asia to Adriatic Sea8
5355439888Mongol EmpireLargest contiguous land empire in history. Founded by genghis khan in 1206. Turkic tribes unified it. After death of ogedei khan, split into 4 parts.9
5355439889Kublai khan"Last of the great khans" mongol military leader. Fifth khagan of mongol emp. Founder and 1st emp. Of Chinese yuan dyn. Consolidated power in china & created stability.10
5355439890Timur/tamerlaneMongol conquerer. Member of Turkic Barlas clan. Conquer. Much of west. & Central Asia & founded timurid emp.11
5355439891AxumCity in northern ethiopia named after kingdom of Aksum. Adopted Christianity in 4th century. Prospered in economic trade with Rome India etc.12
5355439892Yuan dynastyAka mongol dynasty. Established by mongol nomads. Spread too far and yuan emperors struggled to maintain much control over more distant possessions.13
5355439893II-Khan14
5355439894Hulagu khanMongol ruler of Iran, conq. Much of SW Asia. One of genghis khans sons. Founded II-Khanid dyn. Seized and sacked Baghdad.15
5355439895MamluksMembers of one of the armies of slaves that won pol. Control of several Muslim states. Practice began in Baghdad. Political result: slaves used military power to seize control over real pol. Authorities16
5355439896Golden HordeWestern part of the mongol emp. Mixture of Turks and Mongols people. At its peak, territ. Ext. from mts in E. Europe to steppes of Siberia.17
5355439897BatuMongol ruler. Founder of khanate of kipchak or the Golden horde18
5355439898Pax mongoliaAfter mongols est. their domain the emp. Went into an era of peace known as pax Mongolia19
5378039834Swahili coastCoastal area in SE Africa inhabited by the Swahili people. Mainly consists of littoral Kenya, Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Term may also include some of Indian Ocean islands20
5378039835Great ZimbabweExtensive stone ruins of an African Iron Age city. Lied in se Zimbabwe making it the largest of more than 150 major stone ruins scattered across the country of Zimbabwe and Mozambique21
5378110245Mali empireFounded by sundiata Keith and became reowned by the wealth of its users especially mansa mussa22
5378110246Mansa musaEmp. Of the Mali empire during 14th century, became emp. In 1307, 1st African ruler to be widely known throughout Europe and the Middle East.. great nephew of sundiata Keita who was founded of the empire23
5378309160Sonni/Sunni Ali1st king of the Songhai empire located in Africa and the 15th ruler of the sonni dyn.24
5378309161Oral literatureRitual texts, curative Chants, epic poems, musical genres, folk tales, songs, myths, spells, legends, proverbs, riddles, tongue twisters, word games, etc. were used frequently in the history of the empire and passed on throughout generations.25
5378309162BeninA powerful city state formed around 14th century. Was not relatively influenced by the Europeans despite coming into contact with the Portuguese26
5378433964MayaUsing Olmec traditions they developed a large domain and lived in scattered settlements of the yucatan peninsula27
5378433965ChinampasSmall rectangle of fertile arable land to grow crops on the shallow lake beds28
5378433966ToltecsA mesoamerican culture that dominated a state centered in Tula29
5378433967Lake texcocoPlace within the valley of Mexico on which the aztecs built the city of30
5378433968AztecsThe LAST great mesoamerican culture before the arrival of Europeans31
5393490507IncasCulture that conquered large areas and absorbed many groups in South America32
5393490508KhipuA system of record keeping that used knotted strings to numeric data33
5393490509Andes mountainsA mountain range in South America running 5000 miles along pacific coast34
5393490510CuzcoOnce the capital of the inca empire, known for its archeological remains and Spanish colonial architecture35
5393490511AylluTraditional form of communities in the Andes mountains36
5393490512Mit'aMandatory public service of the inca37
5393490513TenochitlanCapital of the Aztec empire located on an island in lake texcoco. Pop. Was over 150,000 on the eve of Spanish conquest Mexico City was constructed on its ruins38
5393490514Temple of the sunInca religious center located at Cuzco center of state religion held mummies of past incas39
5393490515Machu picchuA perfectly preserved settlement of the ancient inca located NW of Cuzco Peru. It was discovered in 1911 by Hiram Bingham40
5402861249Indian Ocean tradePersians and Arabs dominated. Trade routes connected ports in W. India to ports in Persian gulf which connected to ports in E. Africa41
5402861250Monsoon seasonsUnderstanding of this helped traders to schedule their voyages accordingly42
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AP Language: Tone Words Flashcards

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7780624490accusatorycharging of wrong doing0
7780624491acerbicbitter, sharp in taste or temper1
7780624492admiringregarding with approval or respect2
7780624493aggressiveassertive, vigorously active, quick to attack; hostile3
7780624494ambivalentUncertain; unable to decide, or wanting to do two contradictory things at once4
7780624495amusedpleasurably entertained5
7780624496animatedlively; spirited6
7780624497apatheticFeeling or showing little emotion; indifferent7
7780624498apologeticsorry; showing regret8
7780624499appreciativeexpressing or feeling thankfulness9
7780624500ardentEnthusiastic or passionate10
7780624501arroganthaughty, too convinced of one's own importance11
7780624502assertiveActing with confidence and force; sure of one's self12
7780624503belligerentHostile and aggressive13
7780624504benevolentKind14
7780624505bitterexhibiting strong animosity as a result of pain or grief15
7780624506callousEmotionally hardened, unfeeling, inured16
7780624507candidImpartial and honest in speech17
7780624508celebratorycongratulatory, honoring18
7780624509compassionateFeeling or showing sympathy and concern for others.19
7780624510concernedfeeling or showing worry or solicitude20
7780624511conciliatoryAppeasing; soothing; showing willingness to reconcile21
7780624512condescendingpossessing an attitude of superiority, patronizing22
7780624513contemptuousFeeling hatred; scornful23
7780624514curiousinquisitive24
7780624515cynicalbelieving that people act only out of selfish motives; bitterly pessimistic25
7780624516defensiveProtecting oneself from something.26
7780624517defiantBoldly resistant or challenging27
7780624518demeaningcausing someone to lose their dignity and the respect of others; degrading28
7780624519derisiveexpressing contempt or ridicule; mocking29
7780624520detachedImpartial, disinterested; unconcerned, distant, aloof30
7780624521dignifiedworthy of respect31
7780624522dishearteningdiscouraging32
7780624523disparagingdisapproving; belittle33
7780624524docileEasy to teach or manage; obedient34
7780624525dogmaticdictatorial in one's opinions; stubborn35
7780624526earnestSerious and sincere36
7780624527egotisticalexcessively self-centered; conceited37
7780624528empatheticidentification with and understanding of another's situation, feelings, and motives38
7780624529enthusiasticzealous39
7780624530evasivenot frank; trying to hide the truth; eluding; evading; V. evade: avoid (a duty or responsibility) or escape from by deceit40
7780624531facetioushumorous, not meant seriously; sarcastic41
7780624532flippantLacking in seriousness; disrespectful, saucy42
7780624533forcefulVehement; compelling43
7780624534formalfollowing rules or customs, often in an exact and proper way44
7780624535frankhonest45
7780624536grima facial expression of fear, disapproval, or pain46
7780624537humblemodest47
7780624538humorousfacetious; funny48
7780624539impartialunbiased, fair49
7780624540inaneFoolish50
7780624541incensedangered at something unjust or wrong51
7780624542incredulousDisbelieving, skeptical52
7780624543indignantFeeling or showing anger or annoyance at what is perceived as unfair treatment53
7780624544intimatemarked by close acquaintance54
7780624545ironicsatiric; unexpected55
7780624546irreverentdisrespectful56
7780624547jadedWorn out; wearied57
7780624548judgmentalcritical; disapproving58
7780624549laudatoryexpressing praise59
7780624550macabrehorrible; grim60
7780624551maliciousIntended to hurt or harm61
7780624552mockingin an insincere or pretending manner62
7780624553mourningthe act of showing sorrow or grief63
7780624554naivelacking sophistication or experience64
7780624555narcissisticConceited; having excessive self-love or admiration65
7780624556nostalgiclonging for the past66
7780624557objectiveFactual, related to reality or physical objects; not influenced by emotions, unbiased67
7780624558obsequiousOverly submissive and eager to please68
7780624559optimisticHopeful, cheerful69
7780624560outragedangered at something unjust or wrong70
7780624561outspokencandid71
7780624562patronizingCondescending, having a superior manner, treating as an inferior72
7780624563pensiveThoughtful73
7780624564pessimistica tendency to stress the negative or unfavorable.74
7780624565philosophicalcalm and wise; reasonable Interested in the study of basic truths of existence and reality75
7780624566pragmaticPractical76
7780624567pretentiousdone for show, striving to make a big impression; claiming merit or position unjustifiably; making demands on one's skill or abilities, ambitious77
7780624568resentfulangry due to a feeling of being treated unfairly78
7780624569resignedaccepting one's fate; unresisting; patiently submissive79
7780624570reverentdeeply respectful80
7780624571righteousmorally justified81
7780624572satiricalcriticizing through ridicule82
7780624573sarcasticcaustic; ironic83
7780624574scathingbitterly severe, withering; causing great harm84
7780624575scornfulcontemptuous; disdainful85
7780624576sentimentalA term that describes characters' excessive emotional response to experience.86
7780624577sincereearnest87
7780624578skepticalDoubtful88
7780624579solemnserious89
7780624580subjectiveExisting in the mind or relating to one's own thoughts, opinions, emotions, etc.; personal, individual, based on feelings90
7780624581submissivedocile; meek91
7780624582sulkingsad, pouting, usually silent92
7780624583sympatheticCompassionate93
7780624584thoughtfulpensive; reflective94
7780624585tolerentopen-minded, accepting of others95
7780624586unassumingmodest96
7780624587urgentcompelling immediate action; pressing; persistent; importunate; Ex. urgent in his demands97
7780624588vindictiveRevengeful98
7780624589wittyClever or amusing99
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Ap Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5276179259Edict of NantesIssued by the crown,granted limited toleration to French protestants0
5276179260HuguenotA French Protestant of the 16-17th centuries1
5276179261Coureurs de bois"Runners of the woods", runners of risks,two fisted drinkers,free spenders,free livers and lovers2
5276179262VoyageursA boatman employed by the fur company's in transporting goods3
5276179263King Williams war1689-1713, earliest contests among the European powers for control of North America known to British colonists4
5276179264Queen Anne's war1702-1713 mostly pitted British colonists against the French coureurs de bois with both sides recruiting whatever Indian allies they could5
5276179265War of Jenkins earBroke out in 1739 between British and Spaniards confined to Caribbean Sea and Georgia6
5276179266King George's warSmall scale scuffle with Spain in America soon merged with large scale war of Austrian succession in Europe7
5276179267AcadiansAcadia people8
5276179268French and Indian war4th struggle began in America touched off by George Washington in the wilds of the Ohio balled in 1754 it rocked along on an undercard basis for two years then widened9
5276179269Seven years warMost far flung conflict the world had yet seen it was fought in America Europe West Indies Philippines Africa and ocean seven seas war10
5276179270Albany congressFranklin was one of the leading spirits meeting of representatives sent by the legislatures of 7/13 British North American colonies11
5276179271RegularsArranged in or constituting a constant or definite pattern12
5276179272Battle of Quebec1759 ranks as one of the most significant engagements in British and American history13
5276179273Pontiacs uprisingLaid siege to Detroit in the spring of 1763 and eventually overran all but 3 British posts west of Appalachians14
5276179274French and Indian war reasonFrench wanted to extend their North American colonies into the land west of Appalachian mts (Ohio territory)15
5276179275Outcome French and Indian warBritish won16
5276179276Impact of French and Indian warA great expansion of British territorial claims in new world enlarged Brittany's debt17
5276179277RepublicanismDefined a just society as one in which all citizens willingly subordinated their private selfish interests to the common good18
5276179278Radical whigsA group of British political commentators19
5276179279MercantilismJustified their control over colonies believed that wealth was power and a country's economic wealth20
5276179280Sugar act1764, first law ever passed by that body for raising tax revenue in the colonies for the crown21
5276179281Quartering actMeasure required certain colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops22
5276179282Stamp actRaise revenues to support the new military force mandated the use of stamped paper or affixing of stamps certifying payment of tax23
5276179283Admiralty courtsJuries were not allowed,guilty unless they could prove they were innocent24
5276179284Stamp act congressNYC, 27 distinguished delegates from 9 colonies25
5276737016Nonimportation agreementPromising stride toward Union they spontaneously United American prepare for first time in common action26
5276737017Sons of libertyGroup of rodent spirits27
5276737018Daughters of libertyEnforced non importation agreements against violators28
5276737019Declaratory actReaffirming parliaments right to bind the colonies in all cases whatsoever29
5276737020Towns head ActSeizing on a dubious distinction between external and internal forces30
5276737021Boston massacreTroops opened fire and killed 11 citizens31
5276737022Committees of correspondenceRallied colonial opposition against British policy and established a political union among 13 colonies32
5276737023Intolerable actsSeries of punitive laws passed British parliament in 1774 after Boston tea party33
5276737024First contential congress heldDiscuss intolerable act,Royal governor in Georgia succeeded in blocking delegates from being sent in congress34
5276737025First contential congress doOrganize colonial resistance to parliament coercive acts35
5276737026Second contential congress heldManage the colonial war effort,adopting Declaration of Independence36
5276737027Second contential congress doSucceeded first contential congress37
5276737028Common senseOne of most influential pamphlet by t Paine anticipated Thomas Jefferson declaration that only lawful states were those power from consent of governed38
5276737029Declaration of IndependenceNatural laws of humankind not just British rughts39
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AP Language Vocab 1 Flashcards

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4923763499approbationthe expression of approval or favorable opinion, praise; official approval0
4925253727assuageto make easier or milder, relieve; to quiet, calm; to put and end to, appease, satisfy, quench1
4925266158coalitiona combination, union, or merger for some specific purpose2
4925270584decadencedecline, decay, or deterioration; a condition or period of decline or decay; excessive self-indulgence3
4925282496elicitto draw forth, bring out from some source (such as anther person)4
4925288011expostulateto attempt to dissuade someone from some course or decision by earnest reasoning5
4925297848hackneyedused so often as to lack freshness or originality6
4925300569hiatusa gap, opening, break (in the sense of having an element missing)7
4925306847innuendoa hint, indirect suggestion, or reference (often in a derogatory sense)8
4925314262intercedeto plead on behalf of someone else; to serve as a third party or go-between in a disagreement9
4925321764jadedwearied, worn-out, dulled (in the sense of being satiated by excessive indulgence)10
4925331314luridcausing shock, horror or revulsion; sensational; pale or sallow in color; terrible or passionate in intensity or lack of restraint11
4925342902meritoriousworthy, deserving recognition and praise12
4925347030petulantpeevish, annoyed by trifles, easily irritated and upset13
4925354045prerogativea special right or privilege; a special quality showing excellence14
4925360384provincialpertaining to and outlying area; local; narrow in mind or outlook, countrified in the sense of being limited and backward; of a simple, plain design that originated in the countryside; (n.) a person with a narrow point of view; a person from an outlying area; a soldier from a province or colony15
4925384640simulateto make a pretense of, imitate; to show the outer signs of16
4925391303transendto rise above and beyond, exceed17
4925395968umbrageshade cast by trees; foliage giving shade; and overshadowing influence or power; offense, resentment; a vague suspicion18
4925406883unctuousexcessively smooth or smug; trying too hard to give an impression of earnestness, sincerity, or piety; fatty, oily; pliable19
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Ap psych thinking and language Flashcards

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3456843915OverlearningContinuing to practice after memorizing information makes it more resistant to forgetting0
3456843916Cognitionall the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, and remembering1
3456843917MetacognitionThinking about how you think2
3456843918Trial and errorTrying possible solutions and discarding those that fail to solve the problem3
3456843919AlgorithmProblem -solving strategy that involves a step by step procedure that guarantees a solution to certain types of problems4
3456843920HeuristicA problem-solving strategy used as a mental shortcut to quickly simplify and solve a problem,but that does not guarantee a correct solution5
3456843921Insight learningThe sudden appearance(often creative) or awareness of a solution to a problem6
3456843922Deductive reasoningReasoning from the general to the specific7
3456843923Inductive reasoningReasoning from the specific to the general8
3456843924Mental setsBarriers to problem solving that occur when we apply only methods that have worked in the past rather than trying new or different strategies9
3456843925Functional fixednessWhen we are not able to recognize novel uses for an object because we are so familiar with its common use10
3456843926Cognitive illusionSystematic way of thinking that is responsible for an error in judgement11
3456843927Availability heuristicA tendency to estimate the probability of certain events in terms of how readily they come to mind12
3456843928Representatives heuristicTendency to judge the likelihood of things according to how they relate to a prototype13
3456843929FramingThe way an issue is stated. can significantly affect decisions and judgements14
3456843930Anchoring effectTendency to be influenced by a suggested reference point,pulling our response toward that point15
3456843931Confirmation biasTendency to notice or seek information that already supports our preconceptions and ignore information that refutes our ideas16
3456843932Belief perseveranceThe tendency to hold onto a belief after the basis for the belief is discredited17
3456843933Belief biasThe tendency for our précis ting beliefs to distort logical reasoning,making illogical conclusions seem valid or logical conclusions seem invalid18
3456843934Hindsight biasThe tendency to falsely report,after the event, that we correctly predicted the outcome of the event19
3456843935Overconfidence biasThe tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments20
3456843936CreativityThe ability to think about a problem or idea in new and unusual ways to come up with unconventional solutions21
3456843937IncubationPutting aside a problem temporarily; allows the problem solver to look at the problem from a different perspective22
3456843938BrainstormingGenerating lots of possible solutions to a problem without making prior evaluative judgements23
3456843939Divergent thinkingThinking that produces many alternatives or ideas24
3456843940ConvergentConventional thinking directed toward a single correct solution25
3456843941LanguageCommunication system based on words and grammar;spoken, written, or gens three words and the way they are combined to communicate meaning from person to person and to transmit civilizations accumulated knowledge26
3456843942PhonemesSmallest units of sound in spoken language27
3456843943MorphemesThe smallest unit of language that has meaning28
3456843944GrammarA system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others29
3456843945SyntaxRules that are used to order words into grammatically sensible sentences30
3456843946SemanticsA set of rules we used to derive meaning from morphemes,words, and sentences31
3456843947BabblingAn infants spontaneous production of speech sounds; begins around 4 months old32
3456843948HolophraseOne-word utterances that convey meaning; characteristics of a 1 year old33
3456843949Telegraphic speechMeaningful two-word sentences, usually a noun and a verb, and usually in the correct order uttered by a 2 year old34
3456843950OvergeneralizationApplication or grammatical rules without making appropriate exceptions(I goed to the store)35
3456843951Behavioral perspectiveLanguage is developed by imitating sounds we hear to create words36
3456843952Nativist perspectiveIdea that the human brain has an innate capacity for acquiring language possibly during a critical period of time after birth, and that children are born with a universal sense of grammar(Noam Chomsky)37
3456843953Social interactivist perspectiveBabies are biologically equipped for learning language, which may be activated or constrained by experience38
3456843954Linguistic relativity hypothesisOur language guides and determined our thinking(Whorf). It is more accurate to say that language influences thought39
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