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AP World History Exam Review: Period 3: 600 CE-1450 CE Flashcards

6633523252	Islam	A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.	0
6633524797	Bantus	People that were spread out over most of Southern Africa teaching other to farm and use tools	1
6633526366	Charlemagne	800 AD crowned by the Pope as the head of the Holy Roman Empire, which extended from northern Spain to western Germany and northern Italy. His palace was at Aachen in central Europe	2
6633527929	Heian Japan	(794-1185 C.E.) local rulers on the island of Honshu recognized the emperor as Japan's supreme political authority, but, unlike China, Japanese emperors rarely ruled; they only acted as figure heads. Fujiwara family had the power. Two sections of rule: imperial house and ruling parties and factions. Culture of Heian was influenced by Chinese traditions.	3
6633528965	Maya	Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar.	4
6633531436	Ming Dynasty	Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China.	5
6633533424	Muhammad	A prophet who introduced a religion called Islam in Arabia.	6
6633536528	Prince Vladimir	The prince of Kiev who made the entire city convert to Christianity in 988 AD	7
6633537421	Song Dynasty	(960-1279 CE) The Chinese dynasty that placed much more emphasis on civil administration, industry, education, and arts other than military.	8
6633539097	Sufis	A mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life	9
6633540298	Tang Taizong	(627- 649) He reconquerored the northern and western land that China had since the decline of the Han Dynasty. He started the achievements of the Tang Dynasty.	10
6633541217	Thomas Aquinas	(Roman Catholic Church) Italian theologian and Doctor of the Church who is remembered for his attempt to reconcile faith and reason in a comprehensive theology	11
6633542188	Urban II	Called First Crusade in 1095; appealed to Christians to mount military assault to free the Holy Land from the Muslims.	12
6633544273	South-pointing needle	First form of the compass that was invented during the Song Dynasty.	13
6633548768	Caesaropapism	Concept relating to the mixing of political and religious authority, as with the Roman emperors, that was central to the church versus state controversy in medieval Europe.	14
6633551368	Caravan	Merchants traveling in groups on camel or donkeys over long distances for safety reasons	15
6633553278	Cyrillic	Relating to the Slavic alphabet derived from the Greek and traditionally attributed to St. Cyril; in modified form still used in modern Slavic languages	16
6633554620	Equal field system	A system to distribute agricultural land in order to avoid land concentrations like during the Han; 1/5 of land became hereditary while the other was available for redistribution	17
6633556581	Excommunicate	To declare that a person or group no longer belongs to a church	18
6633558149	Investiture controversy	Dispute between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors over who held ultimate authority over bishops in imperial lands.	19
6633563759	Maize	Corn; Cultivated in present-day Mexico and spread to the SW portion of the US. Native American societies were built around maize.	20
6633564565	Scholar Bureaucrat	Civil Servants (passed civil servants exam) who were driven by the emperor of China to perform governance	21
6633565888	Scholasticism	A philosophical and theological system, associated with Thomas Aquinas, devised to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy and Roman Catholic theology in the thirteenth century.	22
6633568185	Seppuku	Form of ceremonial suicide of defeated or disloyal samurai to avoid dishonor	23
6633570838	Sharia	Body of Islamic law that includes interpretation of the Quran and applies Islamic principles to everyday life	24
6633572635	Abbasid Caliphate	(750-1258 CE) The caliphate, after the Umayyads, who focused more on administration than conquering. Had a bureaucracy that any Mulim could be a part of.	25
6633574311	Caliphate	Islamic empire ruled by those believed to be the successors to the Prophet Muhammad.	26
6633644407	Corpus Juris Civilis	New code of the Roman Law decided by Justinian I in 529 CE that made Orthodox Christianity the law of the land. It means the "body of civil law".	27
6633645275	Crusades	A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.	28
6633646282	Grand Canal	The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire.	29
6633647412	Holy Roman Empire	Loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes. It lasted from 962 to 1806.	30
6633649102	Kievan Rus	A monarchy established in present day Russia in the 6th and 7th centuries. It was ruled through loosely organized alliances with regional aristocrats from. The Scandinavians coined the term "Russia". It was greatly influenced by Byzantine	31
6633653580	European Feudalism	A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land	32
6633657294	Japanese Feudalism	This form of government became prominent in Japan by the late 12th century and lasted until 1867. Under this system, a Shogun, or supreme general, ran a centralized military government with regional divisions based on military strength. A daimyo led each of these divisions, and a number samurai fought under the daimyos command.	33
6633665840	Neoconfucianism	Term that describes the resurgence of Confucianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the T'ang Dynasty; a unification of Daoist or Buddhist metaphysics with Confucian pragmatism	34
6633668644	Popol Vuh	A book containing a version of the Mayan story of creation.	35
6633685896	Bantu Migration	The movement of the Bantu peoples southward throughout Africa, spreading their language and culture, from around 500 b.c. to around A.D 1000	36
6633687020	Sultanate of Delhi	1306-1527 CE. Through its duration many dynasties used Delhi as a place to rule from. Some were the Manluk, the Khilji, the Tughlaq, the Sayyid, and Lodi dynasties. Introduced an early monetary system to their provinces. Sultans based their law on the Qur'an. Let non-muslim people practice their religion if they paid tax. Controlled regions from cities.	37
6633688567	The Tale of Genji	Written by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any languange; relates life history of prominent and amorous son of the Japanese emperor's son; evidence for mannered style of the Japanese society.	38
6633690903	Yongle Encyclopedia	Named after Ming emperor Yongle, who founded the encyclopedia. (1403-1424) He pushed for exploration and cultural achievement.	39
6633694280	Battle of Tours	(732 CE) European victory over Muslims. It halted Muslim movement into Western Europe.	40
6633695783	Great Schism	in 1054 this severing of relations divided medieval Christianity into the already distinct Eastern (Greek) and Western (Latin) branches, which later became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church, respectively. Relations between East and West had long been embittered by political and ecclesiastical differences and theological disputes.	41
6633698531	William The Conqueror	1027-1087 Norman king in 1066 he defeated Harold, the Anglo-Saxon king, to become the first Norman king of england	42
6633699694	Battle of Manzikert	(1071 CE) Saljuq Turks defeat Byzantine armies in this battle in Anatolia; shows the declining power of Byzantium.	43
6633702713	Chinggis (Genghis) Khan	Born in 1170s in decades following death of Kabul Khan; elected khagan of all Mongol tribes in 1206; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China, territories as far west as the Abbasid regions; died in 1227, prior to conquest of most of Islamic world.	44
6633705907	Marco Polo	Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade.	45
6633707358	The Mongols	Originated from the steppes of Central Asia and lived in a harsh physical environment and survived as nomadic pastorialists; under the leaderhsip of Genghis Khan they established the largest empire (included China, Central Asia, Russia, and much of the Middle East); kept peaceful trade and travel between nations, created a tribute system, and isolated/influenced Russia in order for it to become an independent place from the rest of Western Europe	46
6633709248	Yuan Dynasty	(1279-1368 CE) The dynasty with Mongol rule in China; centralized with bureaucracy but structure is different: Mongols on top->Persian bureaucrats->Chinese bureaucrats.	47
6633711499	Mansa Musa	Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East.	48
6633714216	Ibn Battuta	(1304-1369) Morrocan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. His writings gave a glimpse into the world of that time period.	49
6633716063	Bubonic plague	Also called the Black Death was a deadly disease that spread through Europe and killed one out of every three people	50
6633718308	Ming Dynasty	Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China.	51
6633720701	Zheng He	An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa.	52
6633722277	Inca Empire	Empire in Peru. conquered by Pizarro, who began an empire for the Spanish in 1535	53
9631311057	Silk Roads	Land-based trade routes that linked Eurasia.	54
9631313280	Trans-Saharan routes	Trading network linking North Africa with sub-Saharan Africa across the Sahara.	55
9631319259	Indian Ocean basin trade	Long distance trade in dhows and sailboats made it a dynamic zone of interaction between peoples, cultures, and civilizations stretching from Java in the East to Zanzibar and Mombasa in the West.	56
9631332831	Mississippi River Valley Culture	Was a mound-building Native American civilization archaeologists date from approximately 800 CE to 1600 CE, varying regionally. It was composed of a series of urban settlements and satellite villages linked together by a loose trading network, the largest city being Cahokia, believed to be a major religious center.	57
9631358132	Paper money in China	Paper money was made by the Tang Dynasty in 740 B.C. They made the paper money as an offshoot of the invention of block printing. Block printing is like stamping. Some people used the process for quilts, but the government made ready use of it in printing money.	58
9631377417	Hanseatic League	A commercial and defensive confederation of free cities in northern Germany and surrounding areas	59
9631391848	Byzantine Empire	Eastern half of the Roman Empire that survived the fall of the Western half.	60
9631395382	Tang Dynasty	Ruling dynasty of China from 618 to 907; noted for its openness to foreign cultural influences.	61
9631400951	Sui dynasty	581-618. unified the Northern and Southern dynasties and reinstalled the rule of ethnic Han Chinese	62
9631403744	Song dynasty	Chinese dynasty from 960 to 1279; known for its artistic achievements	63
9631406757	Yuan dynasty	Mongol dynasty that ruled China from 1271 to 1368; its name means "great beginnings."	64
9631413591	Mongols	People from Central Asia when united ended up creating the largest single land empire in history.	65
9631413592	Genghis Khan	(1167?-1227) One of the Mongol's greatest leaders and founder of the Mongol Empire.	66
9631418809	Kublai Khan	(1215-1294) Grandson of Genghis Khan and founder of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China.	67
9631422950	Vikings	Scandinavian peoples whose sailors raided Europe from the 700s through the 1100s	68
9631425096	Longships	Narrow boats that allowed the Vikings to sail down thin rivers, and pillage inland villages	69
9631428260	Arabs	The largest ethnic group in the Middle East	70
9631431713	Berbers	North African peoples who controlled the caravan trade between the Mediterranean and the Sudan	71
9631436077	Steppes	A large area of flat unforested grassland in southeastern Europe or Siberia.	72
9631438609	Polynesia	Islands contained in a rough triangle whose points lie in Hawaii, New Zealand, and Easter Island	73
9631449912	Bantu languages	Languages spoken by the native peoples of Central, East, and Southern Africa	74
9631459224	Muslim	A follower of Islam	75
9631462786	Sufi	The branch of Islam that believes in a more mystical connection with Allah.	76
9631476149	Xuanzang	Chinese-Buddhist monk who traveled to India to learn Indian Buddhism	77
9631488857	Mexica	Were an indigenous people of the Valley of Mexico, known today as the rulers of the Aztec empire.	78
9631502150	Bubonic Plague	Is one of three types of plague caused by bacterium Yersinia pestis. One to seven days after exposure to the bacteria, flu like symptoms develop.[These include fever, headaches, and vomiting. Swollen and painful lymph nodes occur in the area closest to where the bacteria entered the skin.	79
9631516552	Tributary systems	Chinese system regarding the management of relation with other empires and its network of trade.	80
9631525750	Mongol Khanates	Four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan.	81
9631530976	Feudalism	A system of government based on landowners and tenants. Used in both Europe and Japan.	82
9631544421	Abbasids	A dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire from 750 to about 1250.	83
9631548380	Chinampas	Also known as "floating gardens" these were small islands floating in the water that were developed in Mesoamerica.	84
9631557902	Waru waru	An Incan agricultural technique in which water creates a channel around growing crops	85
9631562434	Terracing	The creation of flat areas on mountain slopes for the purpose of farming	86
9631565916	Horse collar	Invention that helped make farming more productive	87
9631568362	Three field rotation	Under this system, the arable land of an estate or village was divided into three large fields: one was planted in the autumn with winter wheat or rye; the second field was planted with other crops such as peas, lentils, or beans; and the third was left fallow (unplanted).	88
9631574164	Swamp draining	Humans have drained swamps to provide additional land for agriculture and to reduce the threat of diseases borne by swamp insects and similar animals.	89
9631586007	Textiles	Fabrics that are woven or knitted; material for clothing	90
9631590633	Porcelain	A thin, beautiful pottery invented in China	91
9631601401	Diversification of labor	Is the separation of tasks in any system so that participants may specialize. Individuals, organisations, and nations are endowed with or acquire specialized capabilities and either form combinations or trade to take advantage of the capabilities of others in addition to their own.	92
9631607480	Free peasant agriculture	Where people can sell whatever they grow, but were not protected by land owner	93
9631619834	Nomadic pastoralism	Group of people who travel with the herd in order to get food, don't have permanent village	94
9631623405	Craft production	A small-scale production process centered on manual skills.	95
9631629620	Guilds	Association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests	96
9631634099	Military obligations	Service by an individual or group in an army or other militia, whether as a chosen job or as a result of an involuntary draft (conscription). ... Some of these nations reserve the right in law to conscript personnel in the future.	97
9631643849	Unfree labor	Employment against someone's will	98
9631647782	Government imposed labor	Is a tax placed on workers who were forced to pay a portion of their income to the government. In some places the tax could also be payed with the items the workers produced	99
9631656401	Mita system	Economic system in Incan society where people paid taxes with their labor and what they produced	100
9631658495	Inca	Native American civilization that developed in what is now Peru, 1400-1500	101
9631659818	Aztec	A warrior people who dominated the Valley of Mexico from 1100 to 1521.	102
9631668576	Foot binding	The custom of applying painfully tight binding to the feet of young girls to prevent further growth. Started during the Song dynasty.	103
9631668577	Nun	A woman who takes special religious vows and lives a life of prayer and solitude	104

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AP Language and Composition Flashcards

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7208664444	Allusion	Making reference to something without explicitly mentioning it. "I was surprised his nose was not growing like Pinocchio's."	0
7208664787	Argumentation	Reasoning something to support an idea, theory, action etc. Lawyer presents an argument in his opening statement that details why his client is innocent.	1
7208666769	Diction	Words and phrases chosen to write or say something. The patient has experienced acute trauma to the right femur, and must have surgery stat.	2
7208667753	Exposition/Expository Writing	Presenting an idea in a logical order with evidence and an argument. The prologue of Romeo and Juliet gives us information about the conflict between the Montague and Capulet families. Then, we meet Romeo, who is pining for Rosaline, and Juliet, who is supposed to marry Paris. Romeo and his friends decide to mask themselves and attend a party at the Capulets'-when Romeo sees Juliet, the action begins to rise.	3
7208668278	Figurative language	Words/phrases with a meaning different from their literal interpretation. She is bright as a hypernova.	4
7208669041	Hyperbole	Exaggerating something I was dying of sleep after my short one hour nap.	5
7208669376	Imagery	Visual description The breeze lightly played with her hair and the sun brightened her eyes as she splashed the cold ocean water into the dry pile of light, smooth sand.	6
7208669790	Irony	Something that signifies the opposite. Looking at her son's messy room, Mom says, "Wow, you could win an award for cleanliness!" A plumber spends all day working on leaky faucets and comes home to find a pipe has burst in his home.	7
7208670141	Metaphor	Comparison between things without using like or as. Her eyes were the color of the ocean.	8
7208670867	Oxymoron	When contradictory terms appear in conjunction. Old news, peace force, liquid gas	9
7208671390	Paradox	A self-contradictory statement that when explained might be true. This is the beginning of the end	10
7208671859	Parallelism	Using words and phrases that are formally similar to add an effect. This is not only just what I wanted, but also just what I needed.	11
7208672175	Parody	Imitation of a writer, artist or genre exaggerating it in order to make a comic effect. Don Quixote, Miguel de Cervantes	12
7208672665	Personification	Giving human characteristics to something non human. The roofs of the houses were dripping tears.	13
7208673782	Point of View/Perspective	The angle of which things are considered, showing the opinions and feelings of a character. 'I've come to this coffee shop so often, the barista knows me.'	14
7208674017	Rhetoric	Persuasive and impressive use of words in writing or speech. "Will you help starving children today by adding $3 to your grocery bill?"	15
7208674960	Simile	Comparison between things using like or as. The night was as dark and endless as a black hole.	16
7208675477	Style	Way a writer writes and the techniques he or she uses. The breezes brought dejected lutes, And bathed them in the glee; And signed the fete away.	17
7208675808	Analogy	A comparison between two things to explain or clarify something. Just as a sword is the weapon of a warrior, a pen is the weapon of a writer.	18
7208676296	Anecdote	A story, typically to make the reader laugh or ponder. At the beginning of a speech about fire safety, the speaker tells a short cautionary tale about a serious injury that occurred as a result of not following protocol.	19
7208677853	Ethos	Appealing to the audiences ethics. "As a doctor, I am qualified to tell you that this course of treatment will likely generate the best results."	20
7208678270	Logos	Appealing to the audience's logic. "Ladies and gentlemen of the jury: we have not only the fingerprints, the lack of an alibi, a clear motive, and an expressed desire to commit the robbery... We also have video of the suspect breaking in. The case could not be more open and shut."	21
7208678519	Pathos	Appealing to the audience's emotions. "If we don't move soon, we're all going to die! Can't you see how dangerous it would be to stay?"	22
7208678913	Colloquialism	Words that are not formal, used in casual conversation. Pass the buck	23
7208679953	Connotation	The non literal, implied meaning of a word or phrase. Pushy refers to someone loud-mouthed and irritating.	24
7208680775	Logical Fallacy	A flaw in reasoning. I don't believe in global warming because I like using hairspray.	25
7208682552	Sarcasm	Bitter language meant to make fun or hurt someone or something, may use irony. Not the brightest crayon in the box now, are we?	26
7208682777	Satire	Used to criticise the corruption and foolishness of a society of individual through humor. Animal Farm by George Orwell	27
7208683384	Tone	The attitude of the writer towards an audience of chapter. It was A LOW, DULL, QUICK SOUND -- MUCH SUCH A SOUND AS A WATCH MAKES WHEN ENVELOPED IN COTTON. I gasped for breath, and yet the officers heard it not	28
7208684648	Allegory	Abstract ideas are described in terms of characters, figures and events to teach a lesson. In Animal Farm, Mollie represents the bourgeoisie.	29
7208685054	Anaphora	Repetition of the first part of a sentence And needy nothing trimmed in jollity, And purest faith unhappily forsworn, And gilded honour shamefully misplaced, And maiden virtue rudely strumpeted	30
7208685491	Thesis/Claim	A statement with the author's main purpose, opinion or meaning that will be the central idea of the piece of work. In Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain develops a contrast between life on the river and life on the shore.	31
7208685801	Cliché	A stereotype or phrase that's overused and has a lack or originality. Waking up on the wrong side of the bed	32
7208686056	Genre	The major category in which a piece of work best fits. Non fiction: Outliers Fiction: Kite Runner	33
7208686422	Rhetorical question	Questions that are not meant to have an answer and can be obvious. Is rain wet?	34
7208686810	Syntax	The ways the author chooses to join words into phrases and sentences. Happy about her upcoming promotion, Sammie sang all the way home.	35
7208687315	Alliteration	The repeat on the same sound at the beginning or a word. The somber shadow sneaked into the room.	36
7208687989	Consonance	The repetition of a consonant sound at the end of a word or the middle of a word. I like the pink kite	37
7208688481	Denotation	The literal, dictionary definition of a word. Knife: a tool used to cut	38
7208688828	Motif	Things or ideas repeated in a piece of work with a symbolic meaning. "Quoth the Raven, 'Nevermore', The Raven Edgar Allan Poe. Shows the author is driving mad.	39
7208689188	Antithesis	The opposite of an idea. "Love is an ideal thing, marriage a real thing."	40
7208689600	Deduction	Forming a conclusion from general information to specific. In mathematics, If A = B and B = C, then A = C.	41
7208692193	Induction	Reaching a conclusion through facts and statements. Jamie got pizza for lunch. Sarah got pizza for lunch. Mark got pizza for lunch. The pizza must be good.	42
7208692961	Dialect	A form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region or social group Reckon I have. Almost died first year I come to school and get them pecans — folks say he pizened 'em and put 'em over on the school side of the fence.	43
7208693618	Didactic	Words that have the primary aim of teaching. Thirty days hath September, April, June and November; February has twenty-eight alone All the rest have thirty-one	44
7208694156	Inference	To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information given. A character has a briefcase, is taking a ride on an airplane, and is late for a meeting. You can infer that this character is a businessperson.	45
7208695056	Elegy	Worn or people written for someone who is dead Death Stands Above Me by Walter Savage Landor	46
7208695745	Jargon	Expressions used by a particular group that are more difficult for others to understand. Left wing - Political jargon for liberal, progressive viewpoint	47
7208695998	Prose	Language that has no formal metrical structure A paragraph found in a journal.	48

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AP World History Revolutions Flashcards

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9577466292	Enlightenment	an intellectual movement which dominated the world of ideas in Europe in the 18th century. The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on reason as the primary source of authority and legitimacy, and came to advance ideals such as liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional government, and separation of church and state	0
9577466295	Declaration of Independence	July 4, 1776; the document that America used to claim its independence from Britain while still at war; listed enlightenment ideas and what the colonies wanted from their independence versus what they had	1
9577466296	Thomas Jefferson	wrote the draft of the declaration of independence; founding father and third president	2
9577466297	George Washington	military leader during the Revolution and became the first president of the United States, which set precedents for the future of america	3
9577466300	Constituiton	written by the founding fathers when US was granted its freedom; serves as the national laws and as the framework for the country	4
9577466301	Bill of Rights	the name of the first 10 amendments to the US Constitution; written to protect the rights of every American citizen	5
9577466302	American Revolution	war that took place in the united states that forced Britain to give the US independence and the right to stop being a colony; inspired other countries to rebel against monarchies and being colonies	6
9577466303	ancien regime	the monarchic, aristocratic, social and political system established in the Kingdom of France from approximately the 15th century until the latter part of the 18th century	7
9577466304	estates general	the first meeting since 1614 of the French Estates-General, a general assembly representing the French estates of the realm; king called meeting to ask for help with debt and taxes; in the end the third estate called its own meeting which signaled the start of the french revolution	8
9577466305	tennis court oath	third estate took the tennis court oath to promise to band together and fight against the monarchy	9
9577466306	storming of the bastille	paris; lots of people were angry so they went into this big artillery shin dig and stole all the weapons; symbolized the revolution and the cruelty of the monarchy	10
9577466307	declaration of the rights of man and of the citizen	fundamental document of the french revolution; cited natural right and the equality between all people in france	11
9577466308	reign of terror	period in france when executions of the enemies of the rebellion were killed; robespierre led revolution which created a lot of violence and bloodshed	12
9577466310	Robespierre	a french lawyer and politician that ruled led the reign of terror after the revolution was somewhat successful and executed enemies of the revolution	13
9577466311	maroon societies	african people who escaped american slavery and formed settlements independently	14
9577466313	saint domingue	French colony in the Caribbean where the slaves began to overthrow the French authority	15
9577466314	sugar plantations	sugar was the main crop from the Caribbea which helped build the slave game in the area	16
9577466315	Toussaint Louverture	leader of the Haitian revolution; first fought for spain against france, and then for france against spain and britain and then against napolean to abolish slavery in present day haiti	17
9577466316	napolean	a general that rose to lead france through his military prowess; reigned after reign of terror, and at first provided fair government but became greedy and spread too far; haitian revolution beat napolean's troops; defeated in a small country between italy and spain and was exiled	18
9577466317	haitian independence	Louverture led slaves through a brutal rebellion until another leader claimed the island to be Haiti, an independent country with slavery abolished within it	19
9577466319	peninsular	spanish born spaniard	20
9577466320	creole	white european in latin america	21
9577466321	peninsular war	a military conflict between Napoleon's empire and the allied powers of Spain, Britain and Portugal for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars	22
9577466322	simon bolivar	el libertador; created gran colombia; letter from jamaica; exiled from venezuela; created bolivia; dictator of peru; wanted latin america to have an english style parliament	23
9577466327	grito de delores	the beginning of the mexican war for independence (think shot heard around the world)	24

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AP World History Unit 2 Flashcards

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8090519772	Persian Empire	Empire represented in this map	0
8090519773	Athens	First recorded democracy ever established. Direct democracy with juries of up to 2,500 people. Had to be an 18 year old male with Athenian parents to rule.	1
8090519774	Greco-Persian Wars	Two major Persian invasions of Greece, 490 and 480 B.C.E., in which the Persians were defeated on both land and sea each time.	2
8090519775	Hellenism	Civilizations represented on this map	3
8090519777	Augustus	The first emperor of Rome whose leadership brought about a long period of Pax Romana (Roman Peace).	4
8090519778	Qin Shihuangdi	(r.221-210 BCE) The emperor who unified China and established the first dynasty of a unified empire.	5
8090519779	Han Dynasty	(202 BC - 220 AD) dynasty started by Lui Bang; a great and long-lasting rule, it discarded the harsh policies of the previous dynasty and adopted Confucian principles; Its rulers chose officials who passed the civil service exams rather than birth; it was a time of prosperity	6
8090519780	Mauryan Dynasty	322-185 BCE. The first state to unify most of the Indian subcontinent.	7
8090519781	Ashoka	Third ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India (r. 270-232 B.C.E.). He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing.	8
8090519782	legalism	Chinese philosophy developed by Hanfeizi; taught that humans are naturally evil and therefore need to be ruled by harsh laws	9
8090519783	Confucianism	Chinese ethical and philosophical system. It sought to minimize conflicts by stressing obedience to superiors, reverence for elder family members, and honoring of ancestors	10
8090519784	Vedas	Ancient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism.	11
8090519785	Upanishads	A collection of over two hundred texts composed between 900 and 200 BC that provide philosophical commentary on the Vedas	12
8090519786	Siddhartha Gautama	Founder of Buddhism	13
8090519787	Zoroastrianism	One of the first monotheistic religions, particularly one with a wide following. It was central to the political and religious culture of ancient Persia. A religion that developed in early Persia and stressed the fight between the forces of good and the forces of evil and how eventually the forces of good would prevail.	14
8090519788	Judaism	A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with a covenant between God and Abraham and his descendants the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. Holy Book is the Torah	15
8090519789	Greek Rationalism	A secularizing system of scientific and philosophic thought that developed in the period 600 B.C.E. to 300 B.C.E.; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in nonreligious terms.	16
8090519790	Socrates	(470-399 BCE) An Athenian philosopher who thought that human beings could lead honest lives and that honor was far more important than wealth, fame, or other superficial attributes. He taught students to question everything until a reasonable conclusion could be arrived at, later became Socratic method. condemed to death for corrupting young minds.	17
8090519791	Aristotle	Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry.	18
8090519792	Jesus of Nazareth	Founder of Christianity. His teachings were based on Judaism but eventually became a separate faith and spread throughout the Roman Empire and the world.	19
8090519793	Yellow Turban Rebellion	A massive Chinese peasant uprising inspired by Daoist teachings that began in 184 C.E. with the goal of establishing a new golden age of equality and harmony.	20
8090519794	caste	distinct social class grouping; in China, Varna consisted of four classes that people were born into for life, and in India,	21
8090519795	Cyrus	Founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Between 550 and 530 B.C.E. he conquered Media, Lydia, and Babylon. He allowed the Jews to return to their homeland	22
8090519796	Darius	Persian ruler who brought order to the Persian Empire. He also built roads; established a postal system; and standardized weights, measures, and coinage.	23
8090519797	Alexander the Great	Successor of Philip of Macedon; 1st global empire, but no lasting bureaucracy; spread of Hellenism is greatest achievement	24
8090519798	Persian	Of or relating to Iran or its people or language or culture	25
8090519799	Satraps	under Darius's rule these were known as governors who ruled the provinces. They collected taxes, served as judges, and put down rebellions	26
8090519800	Persian Wars	Conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, ranging from the Ionian Revolt (499-494 B.C.E.) through Darius's punitive expedition that failed at Marathon. Chronicled by Herodotus. (131)	27
8090519801	Ahura Mazda	Main god of Zoroastrianism who represented truth and goodness and was perceived to be in an eternal struggle with the malign spirit angra mainyu.	28
8090519802	Angra Mainyu	evil spirit in zoroastrianism, the explanation for the presence of evil in the world	29
8090519803	Laozi	Chinese Daoist philosopher; taught that governments were of secondary importance and recommended retreat from society into nature.	30
8090519804	Qin Shihuangdi	Ruler of China who united China for the first time. He built road and canals and began the Great Wall of China. He also imposed a standard system of laws, money, weights, and writing.	31
8090519805	Han Wudi	The most important Han Emperor: expanded the Empire in all directions; created the Civil Service System based upon Confucian learning; established Imperial University; promoted the Silk Roads	32
8090519806	Daoism	Chinese School of Thought: Daoists believe that the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from the Dao, or 'path' of nature.	33
8090519807	Legalism	In China, a political philosophy that emphasized the unruliness of human nature and justified state coercion and control. The Qin ruling class invoked it to validate the authoritarian nature of their regime. (p.52)	34
8090519808	Qin Dynasty	The dynasty that replaced the Zhou dynasty and employed Legalist ideas in order to control warring states and unify the country.	35
8090519809	Han dynasty	A great and long-lasting rule, it discarded the harsh policies of the Qin dynasty and adopted Confucian principles. Han rulers chose officials on merit rather than birth. It was a time of prosperity	36
8090519810	Yellow Turban Uprising	Large revolt throughout China during the Han dynasty led by desperate peasants wearing yellow turbans. This uprising tested the resilience of the Han state during the late second century CE. It weakened the Han state during the second and third centuries CE. Leads to fall of Han Dynasty	37
8090519811	Chandragupta Maurya	He founded India's first empire (Mauryan). He was an Indian prince who conquered a large area in the Ganges River valley soon after Alexander invaded western India.	38
8090519812	Ashoka	The grandson of Chandragupta Maurya; extended conquests of the dynasty; converted to Buddhism and sponsored its spread throughout his empire.	39
8090519813	Chandra Gupta	Laid the foundations for the Gupta empire, he forged alliances with powerful families in the Ganges Region and established a dynamic kingdom about the year 320 C.E. Golden Age	40
8090519814	Siddhartha Gautama	founder of Buddism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; also know as Buddha	41
8090519815	Mauryan Empire	The first state to unify most of the Indian subcontinent. It was founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 324 B.C.E. and survived until 184 B.C.E. From its capital at Pataliputra in the Ganges Valley it grew wealthy from taxes. (184)	42
8090519816	Gupta Empire	Powerful Indian state based, like its Mauryan predecessor, in the Ganges Valley. It controlled most of the Indian subcontinent through a combination of military force and its prestige as a center of sophisticated culture. Golden Age	43
8090519817	Huns	Nomadic invaders from central Asia; invaded India; disrupted Gupta administration (Overthrew Gupta)	44
8090519818	Buddhism	a world religion or philosophy based on the teaching of the Buddha and holding that a state of enlightenment can be attained by suppressing worldly desire	45
8090519819	Homer	ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BC)	46
8090519820	Socrates	Greek philosopher; socratic method--questioning; sentenced to death for corrupting Athens youth	47
8090519821	Plato	Philosopher (429 BC-347 BC) who studied under Socrates and questioned reality. He believed that ideal forms existed on a separate plane than our conception of reality. In his work the Republic, he described an ideal society, in which philosopher-kings would rule and everyone would be given jobs based on their talents. He also creates the Academy, an ancient school of philosophy.	48
8090519822	Aristotle	Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system.	49
8090519823	polis	Greek word for city-state	50
8090519824	Sparta	Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts	51
8090519825	Persian War	King Darius of Persia wanted to conquer all of the Greek city-states but Athens and Sparta resisted. Greek city-states vs. Persia - Greek city-states won. Athens emerged as most powerful city state in Greece.	52
8090519826	Delian League	An alliance headed by Athens that says that all Greek city-states will come together and help fight the Persians	53
8090519827	Peloponnesian War	a war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by the league centered on Sparta	54
8090519828	Hellenistic Age	Greek culture spread across western Asia and northeastern Africa after the conquests of Alexander the Great. The period ended with the fall of the last major Hellenistic kingdom to Rome, but Greek cultural influence persisted until the spread of Islam.	55
8090519829	Ptolemaic Empire	The Hellenistic empire in Egypt area after Alexander's death; created by Ptolemy, one of Alexander's generals.	56
8090519831	Julius Caesar	Made dictator for life in 45 BCE, after conquering Gaul, assassinated in 44 BCE by the Senate because they were afraid of his power	57
8090519832	Augustus Caesar	The first empreror of Rome, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, help Rome come into Pax Romana, or the Age of Roman Peace	58
8090519833	Punic War	one of the three wars between Carthage and Rome that resulted in the destruction of Carthage and its annexation by Rome	59
8090519834	Twelve tables	the earliest written collection of Roman laws, drawn up by patricians about 450B.C., that became the foundation of Roman law	60
8090519835	Patricians	A member of one of the noble families of the ancient Roman Republic, which before the third century B.C. had exclusive rights to the Senate and the magistracies.	61
8090519836	Plebeians	Members of the lower class of Ancient Rome including farmers, merchants, artisans and traders	62
8090519837	Constantine	Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337)	63
8090519838	Silk roads	Trade routes stretching from China to the Mediterranean, which allowed for the exchange of goods and ideas from China to the Roman Empire	64
8090519839	Qanats	Underground irrigation systems developed by Persians	65
8090519840	Aquaducts	Above ground structures that piped in fresh drinking water to public fountains in Roman Empire	66
8090519841	concrete	Roman innovation that aided construction of large-scale projects.	67
8090519843	Stepwells	an innovation of the gupta empire that allowed for the storage of fresh drinking water in a fashion that minimized evaporation.	68
8090519844	Jati	a Hindu caste or distinctive social group of which there are thousands throughout India; a special characteristic is often the exclusive occupation of its male members (such as barber or potter)	69
8090519845	filial piety	The Confucian belief that one should obey older family members and pay respect to ancesters.	70
8090519846	Shudra	The serving class, the lowest caste in Hinduism before the creation of the untouchables	71
8090519847	Four Noble Truths	The Buddhist beliefs that all life is a cycle of suffering, the cause of suffering is desires for worldly pleasures, and that the cycle of suffering will not be broken until a person escapes re-birth through a process of Enlightenment.	72
8090519848	Brahma	In Hinduism, a universal spirit believed to be the origin of everything.	73
8090519849	Salon	A reformer who preserved Athenian democracy by initiating a series of compromises between aristocrats and commoners.	74
8090519850	stupa	Buddhist shrines, usually believed to hold holy relics.	75
8090519851	synchretism	when elements of two or more cultures blend together	76
8090519852	boddisattva	In Buddhism, a person who is able to reach nirvana but delays doing so to remain on earth as a spiritual guide to others.	77
8090519853	ganges	A holy river in Hinduism	78
8090519854	Persepolis	The city created by Darius the Great as the grand capital of the Achaemenid Empire.	79
8090519855	Pataliputra	Large city along the Ganges River which was the capital of the Mauyaran Empire	80
8090519856	Paarsargad	A capital city created by Cyrus the Great	81
8090519857	Constantinople	Large Roman trading city located on the straits between the Black and Mediterranean Seas.	82
8090519858	Peter	Established an early Christian Church in Rome. Viewed by Christians as the first Pope.	83
8090519859	ascetic	someone who forgoes traditional desires such as food, sex, and shelter-usually for religious reasons.	84
8090519860	cynicism	a Hellenistic philosophical movement that rejected material wealth and traditional authority.	85