AP Biology Nervous System Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 9218082173 | neuron | main cell of the nervous system |  | 0 |
| 9218082174 | glial cells | cells that support neurons (ex: Schwann cells) |  | 1 |
| 9218082175 | cell body | contains nucleus of the neuron |  | 2 |
| 9218082176 | dendrite | receive stimuli; highly branched extensions |  | 3 |
| 9218082177 | axon | conduct and propagate impulses |  | 4 |
| 9218082178 | Schwann cell | creates the myelin sheath |  | 5 |
| 9218082179 | node of Ranvier | gap between myelin sheaths that expose the axon, help accelerate impulses |  | 6 |
| 9218082180 | sensory neuron | pick up stimuli from the environment and send to the brain |  | 7 |
| 9218082181 | motor neuron | sends impulses to muscles to create movement |  | 8 |
| 9218082182 | interneuron | neurons in the CNS that communicate internally and connect sensory to motor neurons; are responsible for reflexes |  | 9 |
| 9218082183 | resting potential | membrane potential of a neuron that is not firing, -70 mV |  | 10 |
| 9218082184 | sodium-potassium pump | protein that uses active transport to move 3 Na out of the membrane and 2 K in, which resets the neuron to resting potential | 11 | |
| 9218082185 | action potential | rapid change in the voltage between the membrane of a neuron in response to a stimulus | 12 | |
| 9218082186 | threshold | the voltage needed to open the voltage gated Na channels and start the unstoppable flow of Na into the cell, -55 mV | 13 | |
| 9218082187 | depolarization | the massive influx of Na causes the cell's voltage to become less negative, all the way up to 35 mV | 14 | |
| 9218082188 | repolarization | Na channels close and K channels open, which allows K out of cell so the cell is more negative | 15 | |
| 9218082189 | hyperpolarization | because K channels are slow to close, the voltage reaches -80 mV, and causes the Na/K pump to reset the neuron | 16 | |
| 9218082190 | refractory period | period where the neuron resets using the Na/K pump before a neuron can be fired again | 17 | |
| 9218082191 | synapse | transmission of information is from one neuron to the next |  | 18 |
| 9218082192 | neurotransmitter | molecule that neurons use in synaptic transmission |  | 19 |
| 9218082193 | synaptic vesicle | hold the neurotransmitters in the presynaptic neuron |  | 20 |
| 9218082194 | postsynaptic receptor | receive neurotransmitters and open Na gated ion channels to start another action potential |  | 21 |
| 9218082195 | synaptic cleft | space between the pre and postsynaptic neurons |  | 22 |
| 9218082196 | myelin sheath | insulates the axon and speeds transmission of the impulse | 23 | |
| 9218082199 | dopamine | neurotransmitter that controls the brain's reward and pleasure center | 24 | |
| 9218082200 | serotonin | neurotransmitter responsible for maintaining mood balance | 25 | |
| 9218082201 | GABA | neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve impulse from being transmitted | 26 | |
| 9218082202 | ion-gated channels | proteins responsible for allowing sodium or potassium to diffuse into or out of the axon | 27 | |
| 9218082203 | sodium | ion responsible for depolarization | 28 | |
| 9218082204 | potassium | ion responsible for repolarization | 29 | |
| 9218082205 | calcium | ion that signals vesicles to release neurotransmitters | 30 | |
| 9220009352 | acetylcholine | one of the most common neurotransmitter | 31 | |
| 9220033118 | direct synaptic transmission | neurotransmitters bind directly to ion channels, causing the channel to open | 32 | |
| 9220080743 | indirect synaptic transmission | neurotransmitter binds to a receptor that is NOT an ion channel, activating second messengers | 33 | |
| 9220093158 | cAMP | an example of a second messenger in an indirect synaptic transmission | 34 |
AP World History Chapter 31 Flashcards
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| 1393509860 | What crisis emerged in 1956 that demonstrated the diminished powers of European nations in world affairs? | C) Britain and France attempted forcibly to halt Egypt's nationalization of the Suez Canal. | 0 | |
| 1393509861 | 2) What French leader negotiated Algeria's independence in 1962? | D) Charles de Gaulle | 1 | |
| 1393509862 | 3) In what year did the French relinquish their colony in Vietnam? | B) 1954 | 2 | |
| 1393509863 | What phrase did Winston Churchill coin to describe the division between free and repressed societies after World War II? | B) The iron curtain | 3 | |
| 1393509864 | 5) Where was the focal point of the cold war in Europe immediately after World War II? | D) Germany | 4 | |
| 1393509865 | 6) Which of the following countries was not a member of the "eastern bloc"? | C) Turkey | 5 | |
| 1393509866 | 7) A program of loans that was designed to aid western European nations rebuild from WWII's devastation was the | C) Marshall Plan. | 6 | |
| 1393509867 | 8) U.S. defense against Soviet aggression in western Europe was predicated on | C) a nuclear "umbrella." | 7 | |
| 1393509868 | 9) Which of the following statements concerning western European nations in NATO is most accurate? | .B) Western European nations rapidly lost their fear of Soviet aggression leading to weakening of NATO | 8 | |
| 1393509869 | 10) Which of the following statements concerning U.S. military spending is most accurate? | D) Regardless of the party in political power, the percentage of the U.S. budget going to the military remained stable from the 1950s to the 1980s. | 9 | |
| 1393509870 | 11) Which of the following was consistent with the political viewpoint of France's Christian Democrats? | B) Democratic institutions and moderate social reform | 10 | |
| 1393509871 | 12) Which of the following statements concerning the development of new governments in Europe after World War II is most accurate? | B) New constitutions established in western Europe uniformly established effective parliaments with universal (including female) suffrage. | 11 | |
| 1393509872 | 13) Which of the following statements concerning the German government after World War II is most accurate? | B) During the cold war, France, Britain, and the United States merged their territories to form the Federal Republic of Germany. | 12 | |
| 1393509873 | 14) The creation of the welfare state | D) resulted from the leftward shift of the political spectrum in Europe following World War II. | 13 | |
| 1393509874 | 15) Which of the following social insurance programs was NOT typical of the welfare state? | C) The "value-added" tax scheme | 14 | |
| 1393509875 | 16) Which of the following statements concerning the European welfare state is most accurate? | C) Although some aspects of the welfare state redistributed income, it did not make a huge dent on western Europe's unequal class system. | 15 | |
| 1393509876 | 17) Which of the following was NOT an effect of the welfare state? | D) Immediately upon its creation, it generated a storm of political protest from conservative political factions. | 16 | |
| 1393509877 | 18) Which of the following paralleled the development of the welfare state? | B) Increased government role in economic policy | 17 | |
| 1393509878 | 19) What Western nation failed to develop an economic planning office? | B) The United States | 18 | |
| 1393509879 | 20) A "technocrat" was | C) a new breed of bureaucrat typified by training in engineering or economics. | 19 | |
| 1393509880 | 21) What upset the pattern of political compromise around the patterns of parliamentary democracy and the welfare state in the 1960s? | B) Protest on college campuses in Europe and the U.S. | 20 | |
| 1393509881 | 22) Which of the following represented a new political concern in the West following the upheaval of the 1960s? | C) The Green movement | 21 | |
| 1393509882 | 23) A return to conservatism in Western politics was marked by the election and long term of office of | A) Margaret Thatcher in Britain. | 22 | |
| 1393509883 | 24) Which of the following nations was NOT involved in the original European Economic Community? | A) Britain | 23 | |
| 1393509884 | 25) The European Economic Community is a good example of | B) cooperation between European nations and a willingness to create a single European economy. | 24 | |
| 1393509885 | 26) Which of the following statements most accurately describes the European economy of the post-1950s? | B) Overall growth in gross national product surpassed the rates of any extended period since the Industrial Revolution began. | 25 | |
| 1393509886 | 27) Which of the following was NOT typical of the European economy after 1950? | C) High levels of unemployment | 26 | |
| 1393509887 | 28) Which of the following statements most accurately describes the situation of European peasantry in the social structure of late 20th-century Europe? | B) The European peasantry decreased in size and became increasingly commercialized. | 27 | |
| 1393509888 | 29) Which of the following was NOT a right achieved by women in the West in the later 20th century? | D) Payment equal to males for equal work | 28 | |
| 1393509889 | 30) What work by Simone de Beauvoir signified the beginning of the new feminism in 1949? | C) The Second Sex | 29 | |
| 1393509890 | 31) Who wrote The Feminine Mystique? | A) Betty Friedan | 30 | |
| 1393509891 | 32) Which of the following statements concerning Western culture during the later 20th century is most accurate? | D) Western culture in the 20th century, both in art and in science, became largely relative rather than objective. | 31 | |
| 1393509892 | 33) Which of the following eastern European nations developed an advanced industrialization program, extensive urban culture, and preference for Western models and interaction following World War I? | B) Czechoslovakia | 32 | |
| 1393509893 | 34) Greece, Albania and ________ remained independent of direct Soviet control by 1948. | C) Yugoslavia | 33 | |
| 1393509894 | 35) All of the following policies were followed by Soviet-sponsored regimes in eastern Europe EXCEPT | C) the establishment of parliamentary democracies. | 34 | |
| 1393509895 | 36) The independent labor movement in Poland that challenged Soviet dominance was called | B) Solidarity. | 35 | |
| 1393509896 | 37) Despite the loosening of Soviet control over eastern Europe following Stalin's death, what aspects of Soviet domination continued to be enforced? | A) Single-party dominance and military alignment with the Soviet Union | 36 | |
| 1393509897 | 38) Which of the following statements concerning the Orthodox church under Stalin's regime is most accurate? | D) Loyalties to orthodoxy persisted, but they were concentrated in a largely elderly minority. | 37 | |
| 1393509898 | 39) What Russian author of ^ Gulag Archipelago was exiled to the West, but found life there too materialistic? | C) Solzhenitsyn | 38 | |
| 1393509899 | 40) Which of the following was NOT a source of pressure on the Soviet family? | A) Religious constraints imposed by the Orthodox church | 39 | |
| 1393509900 | 41) In what way did the social organization of the industrialized Soviet Union come to resemble that of the West? | B) The division of urban society between workers and a managerial middle class | 40 | |
| 1393509901 | 42) By the 1970s, the Russian rate of population growth was | A) much less than that of the West. | 41 | |
| 1393509902 | 43) Women in Russian industrialized society | C) dominated some professions, such as medicine. | 42 | |
| 1393509903 | 44) Immediately after Stalin's death in 1953, what form of government was established? | B) A ruling committee rather than single-man rule | 43 | |
| 1393509904 | 45) What leader emerged to take primary power in 1956? | D) Nikita Khrushchev | 44 | |
| 1393509905 | 46) Which of the following was a Soviet success during the years of Khrushchev's dominance? | C) The launching of Sputnik | 45 | |
| 1393509906 | 47) Which of the following statements concerning the Soviet military following Stalin's death is most accurate? | A) Overall the Soviet Union played a cautious diplomatic game, almost never engaging in warfare but maintaining a high level of preparedness. | 46 |
AP World History: Chapter 25 Flashcards
Study Guide for AP World History
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| 5754113804 | Thomas Peters was | central in promoting the establishment of a colony for ex-slaves in Sierra Leone | 0 | |
| 5754113805 | The Black Pioneers were | escaped slaves who fought to maintain British rule in the North American colonies | 1 | |
| 5754113806 | The rise in maritime trade in the early modern era in Africa | resulted in regional kingdoms replacing the imperial states of west Africa. | 2 | |
| 5754113807 | The most popular important city in the Songhay empire was | Gao | 3 | |
| 5754113808 | The most influential ruler in the rise of the Songhay empire was | Sunni Ali | 4 | |
| 5754113809 | Sunni Ali built a powerful imperial navy to patrol the | Niger River | 5 | |
| 5754113810 | All Songhay emperors were | Muslims | 6 | |
| 5754113811 | The Songhay empire fell in 1591 to | a Moroccan army | 7 | |
| 5754113812 | In 1505 all the Swahili city states were subdued by the | Portuguese | 8 | |
| 5754113813 | The ruler of the kingdom of Kongo, Afonso I, converted to what religion and encouraged his subjects to convert as well? | Christianity | 9 | |
| 5754113814 | King Nzinga Mbemba of Kongo is best known for his | conversion to Catholicism | 10 | |
| 5754113815 | An alliance with Portugal brought wealth and foreign recognition to Kongo, as well as | destruction of the kingdom | 11 | |
| 5754113816 | The Portuguese referred to Ndongo as Angola because of the word ngolam which meant | king | 12 | |
| 5754113817 | The chief obstacle to the Portuguese control of Angola came from | Queen Nzinga | 13 | |
| 5754113818 | The first European colony in sub-Saharan Africa was | Angola | 14 | |
| 5754113819 | In an effort to drive the Portuguese out of Ndongo, Queen Nzinga formed an alliance with | Dutch | 15 | |
| 5754113820 | What was the massive fortified city in southern Africa that dominated the gold trade in its region of the continent until the late 15th cent? | Great Zimbabwe | 16 | |
| 5754113821 | A trading post was built at Cape Town in 1652 by the | Dutch | 17 | |
| 5754113822 | When the Dutch founded Cape Town they encountered which of these indigenous groups? | Khoikhoi | 18 | |
| 5754113823 | The center of Islamic learning in west AFrica was | Timbuktu | 19 | |
| 5754113824 | Islam was most popular in subharan Africa in | the commercial centers of west Africa and the Swahili city states | 20 | |
| 5754113825 | Islam and Christianity usually spread into sub-Saharan Africa | as syncretic versions of the origial | 21 | |
| 5754113826 | The Fulani | attempted, through military conquest, to instill a strict form of Islam in Africa | 22 | |
| 5754113827 | Which of the following was NOT an accomplishment of the Fulani? | stamp out African religions or eliminate indigenous elements from the syncretic Islam of west Africa | 23 | |
| 5754113828 | The founder of the religion that stressed Jesus Christ had been a black man and that Kongo was the true holy land was | Dona Beatriz | 24 | |
| 5754113829 | During the early modern period in Africa, the basis of social organization continued to be | kinship groups | 25 | |
| 5754113830 | The most important American crop introduced into Africa in the 16th century was | manioc | 26 | |
| 5754113831 | By 1800, the population of sub-Saharan Africa stood at | 60 million | 27 | |
| 5754113832 | Throughout most of history, the majority of slaves came from | war captives | 28 | |
| 5754113833 | One of the factors that made African Slavery different from the varieties practiced elsewhere was that | African law did not recognize private property, and thus slavery served as a measure of personal wealth | 29 | |
| 5754113834 | The arrival of Europeans | dramatically increased the number of Africans sold into slavery | 30 | |
| 5754113835 | The first European slave traders were the | Portuguese | 31 | |
| 5754113836 | As part of the triangular slave trade, the Europeans usually picked up slaves in Africa in return for | firearms | 32 | |
| 5754113837 | Over the course of the entire period of trans-Atlantic slavery, the mortality rate for the middle passage was | 25% | 33 | |
| 5754113838 | The heaviest slave trading took place in (time) | 18th century | 34 | |
| 5754113839 | How many Africans were forcefully brought to the Americas as part of the trans-Atlantic slave trade | 12 million | 35 | |
| 5754113840 | The vast majority of slaves | provided agricultural labor on plantations | 36 | |
| 5754113841 | The only place where a slave revolt actually brought about an end to slavery was | Saint Domingue | 37 | |
| 5754113842 | Which of the following was not a syncretic religion tied to Africans in the Americas | Vodou | 38 | |
| 5754113843 | The first European nation to abolish the slave trade was | Denmark | 39 |
AP Literature Mid-Term Flashcards
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| 8475109112 | Anapest | U U / | 0 | |
| 8475112298 | Dactyl | / U U | 1 | |
| 8475114521 | Iamb | U / | 2 | |
| 8475116643 | Trochee | / U | 3 | |
| 8475119242 | Spondee | / / | 4 | |
| 8475119244 | Rhythm | Pattern of sound | 5 | |
| 8475121233 | Pace | Speed of rhythm | 6 | |
| 8475126162 | Caesura | Pause within a line created by a punctuation mark | 7 | |
| 8475131007 | Enjambment (run-on) | Continues grammatically to the next line | 8 | |
| 8475141100 | End-stop | Punctuation at the end of a line | 9 | |
| 8475146525 | Rhetorical pause | Natural pause with no mark | 10 | |
| 8475149889 | Anaphora | Repetition where the beginning words repeat in different lines | 11 | |
| 8475159309 | Refrain | Repeating lines at different intervals | 12 | |
| 8475162677 | Cacophony | Harsh sound | 13 | |
| 8475165651 | Euphony | Pleasant sound | 14 | |
| 8475167753 | Consonance | Repetition of consonant sounds at the end of a word | 15 | |
| 8475171232 | Alliteration | Repetition of sounds at the beginning of the words | 16 | |
| 8475175471 | Assonance | Repetition of vowel sounds | 17 | |
| 8475180885 | Onomatopoeia | Sound effects | 18 |
AP Literature vocab Flashcards
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| 5407563885 | Euphemism | (Noun) The substitution of a mild indirect or vague expression for one thought to be offensive, harsh, or blunt. | 0 | |
| 5407563886 | Incendiary | (Adjective) tending to arouse strife, sedition, etc: inflammatory. | 1 | |
| 5407563887 | Languish | (Verb) to undergo neglect or experience prolonged inactivity; suffer hardship and distress. | 2 | |
| 5446042108 | Reiterate | (Verb) to say or do again repeatedly. | 3 | |
| 5446054185 | Swindle | (Verb) to cheat of defraud, as of money. | 4 | |
| 5455344901 | Huckster | (Noun) one who sells wares or provisions in the street, a peddler or hawker. - one who uses aggressive, showy, and devious methods to promote or sell a product. | 5 | |
| 5491596952 | Noncommital | (Adj) refusing commitment to a particular opinion or course of action; not revealing what one feels or thinks. | 6 | |
| 5548794676 | Ideology | (Noun) the body of doctrine, myth, belief, etc that guides an individual, social movement, institution, class, or large group. | 7 | |
| 5548794677 | Complacency | (Noun) A feeling of contentment or self-satisfaction, especially when coupled with an unawareness of danger, trouble, or controversy. | 8 | |
| 5579916452 | Denounce | (Verb) To condemn openly as being evil or reprehensible. - to accuse formally. - to give formal announcement of ending. | 9 | |
| 5594352512 | Disembody | (Transitive verb) To free the soul or spirit from the body. - to divest of material existence or substance. | 10 | |
| 5611491593 | Salacious | (Adj) appealing to or stimulating sexual desire. - Lustful; bawdy. | 11 | |
| 5623625609 | Chiffonier | (Noun) a tall narrow chest of drawers or bureau, often with a mirror attached. | 12 | |
| 5639138245 | Convergence | (Noun) the act or condition of converging (to come together from different directions; meet.) | 13 |
AP Literature Vocabulary (#1) Flashcards
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| 9787251401 | Adulation | Excessive admiration or praise | 0 | |
| 9787728431 | Beguile | To charm in a deceptive way | 1 | |
| 9787280992 | Censure | To express severe disapproval of | 2 | |
| 9787317238 | Deleterious | Causing harm or damage | 3 | |
| 9787338405 | Enervating | Causing one to feel drained of energy vitality | 4 | |
| 9787358799 | Florid | Having a red or flushed complexion | 5 | |
| 9787407853 | Hackneyed | Unoriginal or overdone | 6 | |
| 9787467555 | Intrepid | fearless; adventurous | 7 | |
| 9787494332 | Jubilation | A feeling of great happiness and triumph | 8 | |
| 9787509719 | Lampoon | A mocking, satirical assault on a person or situation | 9 | |
| 9787524349 | Maxim | a short, pithy statement expressing a general truth or rule of conduct | 10 | |
| 9787599891 | Offal | Garbage; waste parts | 11 | |
| 9787616080 | Precocious | Talented beyond ones age | 12 | |
| 9787632264 | Querulous | complaining in a petulant or whining manner | 13 | |
| 9787656206 | Rancorous | characterized by bitterness or resentment | 14 | |
| 9787667160 | Spurious | Phony; false | 15 | |
| 9787674987 | Transient | lasting only for a short time; temporary | 16 | |
| 9787692452 | Usurp | To seize and hold a position by force or without right | 17 | |
| 9787698216 | Venerable | Respectable due to age | 18 | |
| 9787708614 | Wanton | Deliberate and unprovoked | 19 |
AP English Language and Composition Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6800576982 | Allegory | The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically. |  | 0 |
| 6800576983 | Antecedent | Word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. |  | 1 |
| 6800576984 | Antithesis | Opposition or contrast of ideas through parallelism. |  | 2 |
| 6800576985 | Aphorism | a pithy observation that contains a general truth, such as, "if it ain't broke, don't fix it.". |  | 3 |
| 6800576986 | Apostrophe | an exclamatory passage in a speech or poem addressed to a person (typically one who is dead or absent) or thing (typically one that is personified). |  | 4 |
| 6800576987 | Colloquial/Colloquialism | The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. |  | 5 |
| 6800576988 | Conceit | A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor. |  | 6 |
| 6800576989 | Euphemism | correctional facility = jail between jobs = unemployed Mild word replacing a harsh one | 7 | |
| 6800576990 | Homily | This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice. |  | 8 |
| 6800576991 | Invective | An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language. |  | 9 |
| 6800576992 | Metonymy | a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. |  | 10 |
| 6800576993 | Anaphora | The exact repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines or sentences. |  | 11 |
| 6800576994 | Pedantic | An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish |  | 12 |
| 6800576995 | Prose | one of the major divisions of genre, prose refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms. |  | 13 |
| 6800576996 | Semantics | The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words. |  | 14 |
| 6800576997 | Syllogism | A deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion. |  | 15 |
| 6800576998 | Synecdoche | A figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole. |  | 16 |
| 6800576999 | Synesthesia | When one kind of sensory stimulus evokes the subjective experience of another. |  | 17 |
| 6800577000 | Apologia | A written or spoken defense of one's beliefs and actions. |  | 18 |
| 6800577001 | Epigram | A brief witty statement. |  | 19 |
| 6800577002 | Digression | The use of material unrelated to the subject of a work. |  | 20 |
| 6800577003 | Ellipsis | The omission of a word or several words. |  | 21 |
| 6800577004 | Ad Hominem | Attacking a speaker's character instead of to their argument. |  | 22 |
| 6800577005 | Anachronism | A person, scene, event or other element that fails to correspond with the appropriate time or era. |  | 23 |
| 6800577006 | Didactic | Having an instructive purpose; intending to convey information to teach a lesson usually in a dry, pompous manner. |  | 24 |
| 6800577007 | Fallacy | An incorrect belief or supposition based on faulty data, defective evidence, or false information. |  | 25 |
| 6800577008 | Hubris | Excessive pride that often brings about one's fall. |  | 26 |
| 6800577009 | Alliteration | Repetition of consonant sounds, usually at the beginnings of words |  | 27 |
| 6800577010 | Litotes | A form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis or intensity. |  | 28 |
| 6800577011 | Paradox | A statement or idea that seems contradictory but is in fact true. |  | 29 |
| 6800577012 | Non Sequitur | A statement or idea that fails to follow logically from the one before. |  | 30 |
| 6800577013 | Anecdote | A short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person. |  | 31 |
| 6800577014 | Jargon | Special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group. |  | 32 |
| 6800577015 | Taciturn | Not talking much, reserved; silent, holding back in conversation. | 33 | |
| 6800577016 | Dogmatic | Inclined to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true. |  | 34 |
| 6800577017 | Pernicious | Having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way. |  | 35 |
| 6800577018 | Bellicose | Demonstrating aggression and willingness to fight. |  | 36 |
| 6800577019 | Voracious | Craving or consuming large quantities of food. |  | 37 |
| 6800577020 | Zealous | Having or showing zeal. |  | 38 |
| 6800577021 | Tacit | Understood or implied without being stated. |  | 39 |
| 6800577022 | Innuendo | An allusive or oblique remark or hint, typically a suggestive or disparaging one. |  | 40 |
| 6800577023 | Lackadaisical | Displaying or having a disinclination for physical exertion or effort; slow and relaxed. |  | 41 |
| 6800577024 | Consecrate | Make or declare (something, typically a church) sacred; dedicate formally to a religious or divine purpose. |  | 42 |
| 6800577025 | Chiasmus | A type of parallelism in which elements are reversed. "Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country." |  | 43 |
| 6800577026 | Loose Sentence | A sentence in which the subject and verb come at the front of the sentence. | 44 | |
| 6800577027 | Petulant | Childishly sulky or bad-tempered. | 45 | |
| 6800577028 | Periodic Sentence | A sentence in which the subject and verb come toward the end of the sentence. | 46 | |
| 6800577029 | Exhort | Strongly encourage or urge someone to do something. |  | 47 |
| 6800577030 | Cloistered | Kept away from the outside world; sheltered. |  | 48 |
| 6800577031 | Sarcasm | Caustic, bitter language--iterally means "to tear the flesh." | 49 | |
| 6800577032 | Independent Clause | A complete sentence. | 50 | |
| 6800577033 | Dependent Clause | Includes a subordinate conjunction, such as because, while, etc. | 51 | |
| 6800577034 | Allusion | A reference to something (e.g., a book, a movie, an historical event) that is presumed to be well known to the audience. | 52 | |
| 6800577035 | Satire | A work that pokes fun human vices and follies in order to call attention to a larger problem. |  | 53 |
| 6800577036 | Parody | A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. |  | 54 |
| 6800577037 | Coup de Grace | The "death blow"--the culminating event in a bad situation. |  | 55 |
| 6800577038 | Coup d'Etat | Literally "blow to the state"--a violent overthrow. |  | 56 |
| 6800577039 | Faux Pas | A social misstep or inappropriate action. | 57 | |
| 6800577040 | Laissez-Faire | Literally "allow to do"--letting things run their natural course; hands off. | 58 | |
| 6800577041 | En Masse | In a body as a whole; as a group. | 59 | |
| 6800577042 | Proprietary | Characteristic of an owner of property; constituting property. | 60 | |
| 6800577043 | Propriety | The quality of behaving in a proper manner; obeying rules and customs. | 61 | |
| 6800577044 | Imminent | About to happen. | 62 | |
| 6800577045 | Eminent | Famous, outstanding, distinguished. | 63 | |
| 6800577046 | Ego | According to Freud, the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle. | 64 | |
| 6800577047 | Superego | According to Freud, that facet of the psyche that represents the internalized ideals and values of one's parents and society | 65 | |
| 6800577048 | Id | Literally the "It"--our base impulses, driven by selfishness and greed, for example. | 66 | |
| 6800577049 | Hamartia | A character's error in judgment that contributes to one's downfall. | 67 | |
| 6800577050 | Orwellian | The manipulation of language and ideas to control and obstruct the truth. | 68 | |
| 6800577051 | Autonomos | Independent, self-governing, not under the control of something or someone else. |  | 69 |
Flashcards
AP Language and Composition Addendum Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 4658725709 | Alliteration | Repetition of consonant sound at the beginning of words | 0 | |
| 4658726579 | Anaphora | Intentional repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive sentences or paragraphs to create emphasis | 1 | |
| 4658730050 | Anecdote | A brief narrative, or retelling of a story or event | 2 | |
| 4658730704 | Antithesis | Figure of speech in which words or phrases that are parallel in order and syntax express opposite or contrasting meaning. | 3 | |
| 4658733296 | Aphorism | A terse statement on a serious subject | 4 | |
| 4658734085 | Apostrophe | Address to a dead or absent person or to an inanimate object or abstract concept in order to create intensity | 5 | |
| 4658736191 | Archetype | An image, descriptive detail, plot pattern, or character type that occurs frequently in literature, myth, religion, or folklore and therefore creates a response | 6 | |
| 4658739085 | Asyndeton | When elements commonly combined by conjunctions are presented in a series without the use of conjunctions | 7 | |
| 4658742622 | Balance Sentence | A sentence that employs parallel structure of approximately the same length and importance | 8 | |
| 4658743587 | Chiasmus | Figure of speech in which two successive phrases or clauses are parallel in syntax, but reverse the order of the similar words | 9 | |
| 4658745368 | Cliché | A worn-out, trite expression that has been overused and a writer employs thoughtlessly | 10 | |
| 4658747835 | Colloquialism | Words and phrases occurring primarily in speech and in informal writing that creates a relaxed and conversational tone | 11 | |
| 4658749046 | Deductive Reasoning | Method of reasoning from the general to the particular | 12 | |
| 4658749798 | Didactic | Designed to teach a lesson often in moral, ethical, or religious matters. | 13 | |
| 4658750981 | Epiphany | Sudden, overwhelming insight or revelation caused by a common object or scene. | 14 | |
| 4658752244 | Epitaph | Inscription used to mark burial places; usually written to commemorate in a serious fashion although they can also be quite humorous. | 15 | |
| 4658755579 | Euphemism | Use of inoffensive language in place of language that a reader may find hurtful, distasteful, frightening, or otherwise objectionable. | 16 | |
| 4658757302 | Idiom | Use of words peculiar to a given language; expression that cannot be translated literally. | 17 | |
| 4658758870 | Imagery | Word or word sequence that creates a sensory experience. | 18 | |
| 4658761293 | Inductive Reasioning | Process of reasoning to a conclusion about an entire group by examining some of its members. | 19 | |
| 4658762431 | Jargon | Special vocabulary of a trade or profession; inflated, vague, meaningless language of any kind. | 20 | |
| 4658764692 | Juxtaposition | The placing of verbal elements side by side, leaving it up to the reader to make connections, however usually for the purpose of compare and contrast. | 21 | |
| 4658767637 | Loose Sentence | Sentence that is grammatically complete before the end (example: I'm still hungry, although I just ate). | 22 | |
| 4658769062 | Maxim | Concise statement, usually drawn from experience and including some practical advice. | 23 | |
| 4658769960 | Metonymy | Substitution of a name of an entity with something else that is closely associated with it (example: "the throne" as a substitution for "King") | 24 | |
| 4658772073 | Onomatopoeia | Words that suggest their meaning by how they sound | 25 | |
| 4658772842 | Oxymoron | Closely links two seemingly contrary elements in a way that on further consideration turns out to make good sense. | 26 | |
| 4658773995 | Paradox | Seemingly self-contradictory statement that on reflection, makes sense; or a situation that is contradictory. | 27 | |
| 4658776458 | Parallelism | Keeping ideas of equal importance in similar grammatical form. | 28 | |
| 4658777021 | Paraphrase | Putting another writer's thoughts into your own words. | 29 | |
| 4658777767 | Periodic Sentence | Sentence that is not grammatically complete until its end (Example: Although I just ate, I am still hungry). | 30 | |
| 4658779126 | Polysyndeton | Use of more conjunctions that is normal (Opposite of asyndeton) | 31 | |
| 4658780674 | Repetition | Repeating of a word, sound, phrase, or idea. | 32 | |
| 4658781921 | Rhetorical question | Question posed for effect, one that requires no answer; it provokes thought, lends emphasis, leads the reader where the writer intends. | 33 | |
| 4658784053 | Sarcasm | A bitter expression of strong disapproval; sarcasm is personal, jeering, intended to hurt. | 34 | |
| 4658790309 | Simile | Direct comparison usually connecting two things using like, as or than. | 35 | |
| 4658792225 | Synecdoche | When a part of something is used to represent the whole or (less commonly) vice versa (Example: | 36 | |
| 4658794985 | Understatement | Form of irony in which a point is deliberately expressed as less than it actually is | 37 | |
| 4658796043 | Voice | The sense of an author's character, personality, and attitude that comes through the words | 38 |
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