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AP Literature Vocab Flashcards Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6551134668DictionAuthor's word choice intended to convey a certain effect "Heard melodies are sweet."0
6551136855Formal DictionContains language that creates an elevated tone; Slang-free Dearly, beloved, we are gathered here today to celebrate the union of.1
6551139218Informal DictionSlang or abreviated words Wyd, gtg, ttyl2
6551139219DenotationThe literal or prime meaning of a word Cross3
6551141463AbstractDifficult to understand4
6551147662ConcreteSpecific words that describe physical attributes silky hair5
6551147663Archaic LanguageOld Fashioned; Outdated "thine" "thou"6
6551151459Literal LanguageStates exactly what it means "there" "fish"7
6551155917Figure of speechWhen a word or phrase that has another meaning than its original8
6551166492MetaphoricalLanguage that contains metaphors "cats out the bag"9
6551168874Extended MetaphorA sustained comparison, often referred to as a conceit. The extended metaphor is developed throughout a piece of writing Shakespear10
6551170273MetaphorA comparison of 2 different things using "like" or "as" Doves are like the ocean11
6551171759SimileA comparison of two different things using "like" or "as" She blooms like a lily12
6551177186PersonificationGiving non-living things human attributes "Now, ain't she a beauty?" "damn right that car of yours"13
6551177187Analogya comparison between two things. synonym: similarity Doves and clouds14
6551180903ExtendedCause to cover a larger area; make longer or wider.15
6551182842OverstatementThe action of expressing or stating something too strongly; exaggeration. She bit my arm off16
6551182879HyperboleHuge exaggeration I know i just started but can i get a raise?17
6551186308Understatementthe presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is. It's just a car crash18
6551189280ParadoxA statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth. I hate school, i still gotta come though19
6551189281Iornya contrast between what is stated and what is really meant My dog ate my hw20
6551191804Situational Ironyoccurs when the outcome of a work is unexpected, or events turn out to be the opposite from what one had expected He proposed to my brother instead21
6551194224dramatic IronyThe audience knows something that the characters in the story do not know., occurs when another character(s) and/or the audience know more than one or more characters on stage about what is happening Claudius and Hamlet22
6551196637Verbal Ironya figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant I'm not hungry23
6551196638Sarcasman ironic or satirical remark that seems to be praising someone or something but is really taunting or cutting Oh yeah her hair is so great24
6551199464Metaphysical ConceitA startling or unusual metaphor She's having what?!25
6551201080MetonymyTo stand for something else that is associated with Feminism26
6551204219synecdochea figure of speech; citing a part to represent the whole Flowers blossom when fully grown27
6551206592Imagerywhen the author uses words and phrases to create "mental images" for the reader 5 types Dumpster babies28
6551224898Visualwords that appeal to the sense of sight Green, blues29
6551224899Auditorywords that appeal to the sense of hearing onomatopoeia30
6551227375Olfactorywords that appeal to the sense of smell Food slizzlying31
6551247148Gustatorywords that appeal to the sense of taste chocolate32
6551252372Tactilewords that appeal to the sense of touch Diction33
6551252373Kinestheticpertaining to the position and movement of the body through stimulation twisted34
6551255617Syntaxsentence structure, includes sentence parts, word order, sentence length, and punctuation Poetry35
6551257643Inversiontechnique in which the normal order of words is reversed in order to achieve a particular effect of emphasis or meter. To be or not to be that is the question36
6551257644Parallelism/Parallel Structureis the repetition of a chosen grammatical form within a sentence. By making each compared item or idea in your sentence follow the same grammatical pattern, you create a parallel construction. You need to work quickly and decisively. Read more at37
6551261140Asyndetonthe omission of conjunctions that coordinate words and phrases I came, I saw, i rocked38
6551265327Polysyndetona literary technique in which conjunctions are used repeatedly in quick succession, often with no commas, even when the conjunctions could be removed "In years gone by, there were in every community men and women who spoke the language of duty and morality and loyalty and obligation." -William F. Buckley39
6551267486AnaphoraIn writing or speech, the deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect To raise a happy, healthy, and hopeful child, it takes a family; it takes teachers; it takes clergy; it takes business people; it takes community leaders; it takes those who protect our health and safety. It takes all of us. —Hillary Clinton, 1996 DNC40
6551269665AnastropheA rhetorical term for the inversion of the normal or usual order of the parts of a sentence. The purpose is rhythm or emphasis or euphony. 'You have become powerful; I sense the dark side in you.'41
6551271928Loose Sentencebegins with a main clause that is followed by phrases that modify the main clause I went to the movies yesterday, bought candy, and shopped at the mall.42
6551273763Periodic Sentencehas been deliberately structured to place the main point at the end In spite of heavy snow and cold temperatures, the game continued.43
6551273764Passive VoiceThe noun or noun phrase that would be the object of an active sentence Harry ate six shrimp at dinner. (active) At dinner, six shrimp were eaten by Harry. (passive)44
6551276047SVO45
6551277618ToneRefers to the author's attitude towards a particular topic, or audience - emotional response. Tone is created by the words we use, through the sound of our voice and our physical expressions. "I want to ask the authorities what is the big deal? Why do not they control the epidemic? It is eating up lives like a monster."46
6551277619Moodis the overall feelings or emotions that are created in the reader Aggravated Amused Angry Annoyed Anxious47
6553980500complex sentencehas one independent clause and at least one dependent clause Because my coffee was too cold, I heated it in the microwave.48
6553980501compound sentencesentence has at least two independent clauses that have related ideas She did not cheat on the test, for it was not the right thing to do.49
6553982918compound complex sentenceA compound-complex sentence has two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses Clara, who has an incredible voice, was asked to sing the school song. Clara was asked to sing the school song [independent] + who has an incredible voice (dependent) = complex sentence50
6553985167cumulative sentenceA cumulative sentence is known as a "loose sentence," that starts with an independent clause or main clause, which is simple and straight, provides main idea, and then adds subordinate elements or modifiers. "He dipped his hands in the bichloride solution and shook them--a quick shake, fingers down, like the fingers of a pianist above the keys." (Sinclair Lewis, Arrowsmith, 1925)51
6553986948imperative sentencerelating to, or constituting the grammatical mood that expresses the will to influence the behavior of another Enjoy some fresh strawberries.52
6553989139interrupted sentencethat interrupts the flow of a sentence and is usually set off by commas, dashes, or parentheses "So how can the less obsessive--er, organized--among us better manage our money?" (Ismat Sarah Mangla, "Discover Your Budget Style." Money, June 2009)53
6553992133simple sentenceconsisting of only one clause, with a single subject and predicate Joe went to the store.54
6553992134epigramEpigram is a rhetorical device that is a memorable, brief, interesting and surprising satirical statement. So all my best is dressing old words new, Spending again what is already spent: For as the sun is daily new and old, So is my love still telling what is told.55
6553995987epigrapha literary device in the form of a poem, quotation or sentence usually placed at the beginning of a document or a simple piece having a few sentences but which belongs to another writer The epigraphs used in the preface of Georges Perec's Life: A User's Manual (La Vie mode d'emploi) and in the book all together notify the reader in advance that everything is not what it seems and that tricks are going to be played.56
6553995988euologya speech or writing in praise of a person or thing, especially a set oration in honor of a deceased person.57
6553997764genrea class or category of artistic endeavor having a particular form, content, technique, horror58
6553997765iconographysymbolic representation, especially the conventional meanings attached to an image or images. Dove59
6554001631juxtapositionTwo charters ideas or images placed next to each other to show contrast Flames and heaven60
6554002833motifan object or idea that repeats itself throughout a literary work. Coins61
6554002834non-sequitur62

Ap Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6302007255Eugene debsLeader of socialists, founded the IWW0
6302007256Industrial workers of the worldIWW1
6302007257William haywoodCommunist who co-founded IWW2
6302007258Lincoln steffensWrote "the shame of our cities"3
6302007259Lincoln SteffensExposed the corruption in city govts4
6302007260Home rule chartersFreed cities from state control5
6302007261Robert la folletteDeveloped the Wisconsin idea6
6302007262Robert la folletteEstablished a direct primary system, limited campaigns, regulated business7
6302007263Robert la folletteLeader of the progressives8
6302398824Wisconsin ideaAppointed scholars to state commissions9
6302398825InitiativeAllow voters to propose new laws10
6302398826ReferendumAllow voters to accept or reject laws11
6302398827RecallAllow voters to remove officials from office12
6302398828Australian ballotSecret ballot13
6302398829Triangle shirtwaist factory fireNew social reforms on working resulted from14
6302398830Lochner v New YorkStated bakers rights were deprived, violation of 14th15
6302398831Hammer v dagenhartStruck down federal labor laws dealing with children16
6302398832Muller v OregonDealt with limits of working hours for women17
6302398833Consumer's leagueWomen's reform organization in muller v oregon18
6302398834Louis BrandeisDefended 10 hour workday for women with brief19
6302398835Elizabeth cast Stanton and Susan b AnthonyFormed national woman's suffrage association20
6302398836National American woman's suffrage associationReunited split women's organization21
6302398837Congressional unionFormed to fight for women's suffrage amendmenr22
630239883819th amendmentGave women suffrage23
630239883916th amendmentPermitted a federal income tax24
630239884017th amendmentProvided direct election of senators by the people25
6302398841RooseveltPresident when McKinley got assassinated26
6302398842ProgressiveRoosevelt was a ... presidenr27
6302398843Newlands actAllowed for profits from west land sales to be used for irrigation28
6302398844Elkins railroad actGave more power to interstate commerce commission29
6302398845Roosevelt"Trust buster"30
6302398846Sherman antitrust actUsed by Roosevelt to regulate trusts31
6302398847Northern securitiesFirst trust broken by federal govt32
6302398848Ida TarbellWrote a history of standard oul33
6302398849Ida TarbellExposed unfair business of trusts34
6302398850United mine workersCoal strike led by35
6302398851Frank norrisWrote the octopus36
6302398852Frank NorrisExposed unfair business practices of RR37
6302398853Hepburn actIncreased ICC power, more RR regulation38
6302398854Upton SinclairWrote the jungle39
6302398855Upton SinclairExposed living conditions and unhealthy food40
6302398856Gifford PinchotRooselvelts chief forester41
6302398857John MuirPrimary advocate for preservation42
6302398858TaftPresident after Roosevelt43
6302398859William Jennings bryanTaft ran against democrat44
6302398860Publicity actForced political parties to make public their political contributions45
6302398861Mann Elkins actStrengthened ICC, split labor and commerce, child bureau46
6302388330Payne-Aldrich tariffTo reduce tariff but actually rose it47
6302413445Richard ballingerLeased land that was supposed to be for conservation48
6302458417Henry Cabot lodge and PinchotUrged Roosevelt to challenge taft49
6302458418New nationalismRoosevelts progressive plan of legislation50
6302458419Progressive partyRoosevelts party51
6302458420Woodrow WilsonPresident after taft52
6302660114Underwood tariffBrought first major reduction of tariffs53
6302660115Federal trade commissionRegulatory agency to investigate unfair business practices54
6302660116Clayton antitrust actClearly defined illegal business practices55
6302660117Gentlemens agreementUS would stop Japanese discrimination and Japan would stop sending immigrants56
6302660118Dillingham commissionEstablished to study immigration57
6302660119Dead Indian actAllowed Indians to sell land they inherited58
6302660120Ray stannard bakerWrote following the color line59
6302660121Ray stannard bakerDescribed segregation60
6302660122WEB Du BoisLed rise of black militancy61
6302660123Niagra movementIssued list of demands of equality62
6302660124National association for the advancement of colored peopleDedicated to end of racial discrimination63
6302660125WEB Du BoisCo founded NAACP64
6302660126Treaty of WashingtonIssues between us and Britain solved with arbitration65
6302660127William SewardExpansionist secretary of state66
6302660128Fredrick JacksonWrote significance of the American frontier in American history67
6302660129Fredrick JacksonSaid America needed to continue to expand over the frontier68
6302660130Our countryAdvocates for imperialism based on religious and racist theory of evolution69
6302660131MahanWrote influence of sea power on history70
6302660132MahanAdvocated for strong navy and sea power71
6375902042Sanford doleBegan revolution in hawaii72
6375902043McKinleyFinally annexed hawaii73
6375902044ClevelandRefused to annex hawaii74
6375902045Valeranno weylerOrdered Cubans to concentration camps75
6375902046Dupuy De LomeSpanish minister who wrote a note76
6375902047JingoismExtreme form of patriotism centered around war77
6375902048Teller resolutionSaid Cubans controlled own govt78
6375902049George DeweyRooselvelt ordered him to take fleet to philippines79
6375902050Carl schurzCriticized imperialism80
6375902051Philippine insurrectionPhilippine rebellion81
6375902052Emilio AguinaldoStarted Philippine rebellion82
6375902053Foraker actEstablished govt for Puerto Rico as colony83
6375902054ProtectorateCuba was an American..84

AP Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6023045504Credit mobilierCompany founded to make more $0
6023045505Pendleton actEstablished civil service commission, give jobs based on merit1
6023045506Civil rights actGuaranteed blacks all rights and public2
6023045507Sherman anti-trust actFirst congressional stand against trusts3
6023045508Social Darwinism"Survival of the fittest"4
6023045509Molly MaguiresSecret organization of Irish miners5
6023045510National labor unionFirst union for labor, very exclusive6
6023045511Pullman strikeStrike by railroad workers on wage cuts7
6023045512Social gospelLed by Protestant minister, for better living conditions8
6023045513Gold standard actTurned gold to paper money, stopped silver campain9
6023045514Helen Hunt JacksonWriter, Century Of Dishonor10
6023045515Dawes severally actSplit tribes into legal entities, 160 per family11

AP World History Final Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6674507374"White Man's Burden"Rudyard Kipling0
6674507375Former Teacher / Leader of Chinese communistsMao Zedong1
6674507376Japan creates reason to attack ChinaMukden Incident2
6674507377Assassination of Franz FerdinandSpark for WWI3
6674507378China blends modern technology with traditionsSelf-Strengthening4
6674507379Nazi attack on JewishKristallnacht5
6674507380Communist philosophy struggleProletariat / Bourgeoisie6
6674507381Uprising against British 1857Sepoy Mutiny7
66745073821954 French are defeated by VietnameseDienbienphu8
6674507383British need to control IndiaSuez Canal9
6674507384British ImperialistCecil Rhodes10
6674507385Otto van BismarckGerman "Blood and Iron"11
6674507386Mao Zedong plan to win supportLong March12
6674507387Karl Marx and Fredrick EngelsCommunist Manifesto13
6674507388Last Russian CzarNicholas Romanov II14
6674507389Japan becomes world powerRusso-Japanese war15
6674507390Vietnam, Cambodia, and LaosFrench-Indochina16
6674507391Before writingPrehistory17
6674507392Huang HeLoess soil18
6674507393JatiSubcaste19
6674507394VarnasAryan social class20
6674507395To India after long migrationAryans21
6674507396Mohenjo daroOne of India's two earliest cities22
6674507397HarappanEarliest Indian socety23
6674507398Bantu language influenceLike Indo-European24
6674507399Bantu migrationPopulation pressure prompt migration25
6674507400HatshepsutEgypt woman pharaoh26
6674507401CuneiformSumerian writing27
6674507402Early/Aquisition languageTransmit knowledge to next generation28
6674507403First wheeled vehicleSumerians29
6674507404Mesopotamia pyramidZiggurat30
6674507405Early agricultureSlash and burn31
6674507406Elizabeth IEnglands ruler during the Spanish Armada32
6674507407IslamFaith of Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal33
6674507408DaimyoJapanese war lord34
6674507409Opium WarBritish sail up Grand Canal35
6674507410Dutch Settlers1652 Cape Town36
6674507411Queen NzingaObstacle for Portugal taking Angola37
6674507412MestizoHalf European an Native blood38
6674507413Treaty of tordesillasDivides Americas between Spain and Portugal39
6674507414Martin Luther"Here I stand, I can do no other"40
6674507415AmericansJapan forced to trade41
6674507416RussiaBloody Sunday, January 190542
6674507417Great BritainIndustrial revolution began here43
6674507418LudditesCraft workers destroy machines44
6674507419WaterlooNapoleon's final defeat45
6674507420JizyaTax for non-Muslims46
6674507421ChinaSelf-strengthening47
6674507422JapanMeiji restoration48
6674507423BoersDutch farmers in South Africa49
6674507424Native religion of JapanShinto50
6674507425A ritual prostrationKowtow51
6674507426Popular school for BuddhismChan Buddhism52
6674507427New crop for Tang and SongFast ripening rice53
6674507428Sui dynasty important contributionGrand Canal54
6674507429Indian influence of IslamMath55
6674507430Mesopotamian and Persian influence of women in IslamMore patriarchal56
6674507431Inns for traveling merchantsCaravanserai57
6674507432Abbasid differ from UmayyadNot conquering58
6674507433Islamic holy lawSharia59
6674507434Caliph chosen by ShiaAli60
6674507435Authority after MuhammadCaliph61
6674507436ByzantineAfter Rome fell, imperial authority survived 1,000 years62
6697658324Song fell toMongols63
6697660049Rome sacked byVisigoths64
6715655875Nomadic people with military mightCavalry65
6715660007Turks living near Abbasid convertIslam66
6715661965His conversion gave rise to Orthodox ChristianityPrince Vladimir67
6715663495Byzantine major advantageLocation of the Bosporus68
6715666172Emperor Leo IIIIconoclasm69
6715666954Byzantine gold coinBezant70
6715672653Environment of Central AsiaArid71
6715673692Japanese military governorShogun72
6715676535Byzantine resurgenceTheme73
6715677871Political and religious authority in one personCaesaropapism74
6715681288Political feature of Byzantine stateCentralized government75
6715686348Blending of Hindu and IslamBhakti76
6715691216India's central location makes itEmporia77
6715692863Religion of southern IndiaHindu78
6715692864CharlemagneSupported popes and education79
6715699584Land to peasants in exchange of military serviceTheme system80
6715706721Islam arrives in West Africa to powerful stateGhana81
6715707584New food item to Africa 400 CEBananas82
6715713345Increase in east/west Mediterranean tradeCrusades83
6715715233"Neither holy, nor Roman nor empire"Voltaire84
6715716641Dominates Russia 13th to 15th centuryGolden Horde85
6715717995Authority over northern IndiaDelhi Sultanate86
6715720538Kublai Khan createsYuan dynasty87
6715722075More opportunities for womenGender in sub-Saharan Africa88
6715724439"Those who pray, those who fight and those who work"Medieval society89
6715726141Founder of Ottoman TurksOsman Bey90
6715727172Mahmud of GhazniPlunder91
6715728725Reconquista of land from MuslimsIberian Peninsula92
6715731686Mali founderSundiata93
6715732783Dominate trade in east coast of AfricaSwahili city states94
6751426148Honors and rewards for warriorsAztec society95
6751432359Aztec fertile muckChinampa96
6751437194Mnemonic aid of small knot (Inca)Quipo97
6751440183Captured in 1187 by SaladinJerusalem98
6751442662Chinese admiralZheng He99
6751445351GunpowderChina100
6751447559Nation led European explorationPortugal101
6774377587Non violent philosophic (religion)Jains102
6774383094Greek PolisCity States103
6774385525Arjuna and KrishnaBhagavad Gita104
6774388243Most important early Roman historianTactitus105
6774390716Male Dominated RomePaterfamilias106
6774396688Spread of Chinese cultureSinicization107
6774401597High point of MauryaAshola108
6774403726Polis with most freedom for womenSparta109
6774405540Greek democracyMale citizens110
6774408411Collapse of GuptaWhite Huns111
677441479226 Horrible Roman EmperorsBarracks Emperors112
6774418370Most powerful Han EmperorWudi113
6774421683"The unexamined life is not..."Socrates114
6774424461Influence of IndiaRajas115
6774430296Buddhism spreadMerchants116
67744370331939, German invasion of AustriaAnschluss117
6774439315Russians may speak freelyGlastnost118
6774442941"Socialism with a human face"Alexander Dubcek119
6774454537Reduction in hostilitiesDetente120
6774457579Soviet version of NATOWarsaw Pact121
6774459290Lightning WarBlitzkrieg122
6774462007Leader of the Arab worldGamal Nasser123
6774465404Mau Mau movementJomo Kenyatta124
6774468866Czechoslovakia experiences brief freedomPrague Spring125
6774471368"Peace in our time"Neville Chamberlain126

WORLD HISTORY AP 6 Flashcards

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2109510770CharlesmagneEmperor of the Frankish Empire and later the Holy Roman Empire. This man was the one leader who was able to temporarily unite most of Europe during the Middle Ages0
2109510771Charles Martel"The Hammer" the Frankish commander for the battle of Tours. He defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Tours, allowing Christianity to survive throughout the Dark Ages. He in a way started Feudalism by giving land to his knights that served for him1
2109510772Charles de MontesquieuFrench political thinker whose ideas influenced the Declaration of Independence. He also favored the idea of separation of powers2
2109510773MestizoA person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry. Used during Spain's reign of South America3
2109510774Christian humanismA movement that developed in northern Europe during the Renaissance combining classical learning (humanism) with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church.4
2109510775Christopher ColumbusItalian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)5
2109510776Holy Roman EmpireA German-based empire that was set up in western Europe and the church was the head of all the empire and had much authority6
2109510777Hundred Years WarSeries of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families7
2109510778NationalismA sense of unity binding the people of a state together; devotion to the interests of a particular country or nation, an identification with the state and an acceptance of national goals8
2109510779JanissariesChristian boys taken from families and rigorously trained to serve the sultan. They then became part of an elite military force9
2109510780Code of BushidoA code of conduct followed by Japanese samurai fighters10
2109510781Mesopotamialand between the rivers; fertile crescent11
2109510782Code of ChivalryAn honor system that strongly condemned betrayal and promoted mutual respect. Followed by most lords and knights12
2109510783Code of HammurabiA collection of 282 laws. One of the first examples of written law in the ancient world13
2109510784Columbian ExchangeAn exchange of goods, ideas and skills from the Old World (Europe, Asia and Africa) to the New World (North and South America) and vice versa14
2109510785Mughal EmpirePeriod of Muslim rule of India from the 1500s to the 1700s, (1258-1858) Muslims were exiled from Spain in 1492 and Delhi became the center of the Mogul Empire until British took control15
2109510786Delhi Sultanate(1206-1526) Centralized Indian empire of varying extent created by Muslim invaders16
2109510787Cotton GinA machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 179317
2109510788Johannes GutenbergInvented the first printing press in 143918
2109510789CossacksAn ethnic group in the Russian empire that formed an elite cavalry army that was used to crush opposition to the Tsar19
2109510790Council of Trent(1545-1563) Met periodically to discuss the Catholic Church's reformation20
2109510791Industrial RevolutionA series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods21
2109510792MontezumaPowerful Aztec monarch who fell to Spanish conquerors22
2109510793Crop RotationAn agricultural technique in which crop species in a field are alternated from season to season. Gained momentum during the Agricultural Revolution23
2109510794Agricultural RevolutionA time when new inventions such as the seed drill and the steel plow made farming easier and faster. The production of food rose dramatically. 16th and 17th centuries24
2109510795Crusades1096 Christian Europe aim to reclaim Jerusalem and aid they Byzantines; 1st success and the rest a failure; weakens the Byzantines; opens up trade25
2109510796MamlukesTurkish slaves that became soldiers and bodyguards to the Abbasid caliphate26
2109510797Jean-Jacques RousseauRousseau believed that government should be run according to the will of the majority, which he called the General Will. He claimed that the General Will would always act in the best interest of the people. 18th century27
2109510798Sunni IslamMuslims that claimed whoever was deemed the best by the elite of the community should lead28
2109510799Shi'a MuslimMuslim that are more conservative and militant and believes only a descendent of Mohammed should rule as Caliph29
2109510800CuneiformA form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets30
2109510801CzarEmperor or king of Russia before the Soviet era31
2109510802SultanTitle for Ottoman rulers during the rise of the Ottoman Empire32
2109510803DeismA concept of God during the Scientific Revolution; the role of divinity was limited to setting natural laws in motion33
2109510804Martin Luther16th century German monk and professor who is considered to be the person who started the Protestant Reformation; he began by criticizing Church practices (mainly indulgences) and ultimately broke with the Catholic Church to form his own new religious faith34
2109510805Mayan CivilizationA major pre-Columbian civilization that reached its peak in the 9th century AD and produced magnificent ceremonial cities with pyramids, a sophisticated mathematical and calendar system, and hieroglyphic writing35
2109510806Olmec CivilizationCivilization that developed along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico in 1200 BC and widely influenced the late civilization of the Maya36
2109510807Jenne JenoThe first well known indigenous city in sub saharan Africa where inhabitants lived in neighboring independent clusters rather than a single urban center. Unique because it didn't appear to have a centralized government.37
2109510808Harappan CivilizationAnother name for the Indus valley civilization that arose along the Indus river, possibly as early as 7000 BC; characterized by sophisticated city planning38
2109510809GuildCraftsmen united to protect their common interest. Were usually self governed.39

APes Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
4350305873National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)1969. requires environmental impact statements for major federal projects. first broad based federal law to set policy on environmental protection0
4350314683Clean Air Act (CAA)1970. requires EPA to set and enforce rules regarding mobile sources-emission standards for cars, ambient air quality standards (what can be in the air) hazardous air pollutants emissions (what can come out of smokestacks); acid rain reduction; ozone depletion protection; requires EPA to work with non-attainment area1
4350328706Clean Water Act (CWA)1972. goal is to make US waterways fishable and swimmable-regulates and enforces what can be discharged into waterways. regulates wetland destrucution/construction, established treatment construction grants programs2
4350333067Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)(1974) Established primary drinking water standards and groundwater protection3
4350333449Ocean Dumping Ban Actbans dumping of sewage sludge and industrial wastes in ocean4
4350334724Endangered Species Act (ESA)(1973) EPA males a list of endangered and threatened species. It is a violation to harm listed species or their environment5
4350339092Migratory Bird Actprotects birds.6
4350339428Lacey Act(1900) prohibits transporting wild animals across state borders without permit7
4350342113Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)(1976) regulates handling of wastes from "cradle to grave". rules for landfills, underground storage tanks, hazardous waste disposal, permits to process, treat or dispose of hazardous wastes, record-keeping8
4350346902Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)(1980). Set up NPL (national priorities list) and superfund; guidelines on cleaning up sites, set up "polluter pays" policy and established liability scheme to fund clean up costs9
4350349734low-level radioactive policy actall states must have facilities to handle low-level radioactive wastes10
4350350909Nuclear Waste Policy ActUS government must develop a high level nuclear waste site by 201511
4350354680Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)(1947, 1972) Governs pesticide use (prohibits use in a manner that is inconsistent with product labeling), creates pesticide registry. administered by FDA12
4350356960Food Quality Protection Actset pesticide limits in food. all ingredients must be screened for estrogenic/endocrine effects13
4350358534Surface Mining and Reclamation Act (1977)requires coal strip mines to reclaim the land14
4350358991Madrid Protocol50 year ban on mineral exploration in Anarctica15
4350359764Kyoto Protocolcontrolling global warming by setting greenhouse gas emissions targets for developing countries16
4350360954Montreal Protocolphase out ozone-depleting substances17
4350363309Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)lists species that cannot be commercially traded as live specimens or wildlife products18

AP World History Unit 2 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5766823876Caste Systema class structure that is determined by birth. Loosely, it means that in some societies, if your parents are poor, you're going to be poor, too. Same goes for being rich0
5766823877PatriarchyA male dominated society1
5766823878MatriarchalA female dominated society2
5766823879Mandate of Heavenan ancient Chinese belief and philosophical idea that tiān (heaven) granted emperors the right to rule based on their ability to govern well and fairly.3
5766823880Silk Roadan ancient network of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent connecting the West and East by merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea4
5766823881Social Heirarchyhow individuals and groups are arranged in a relatively linear ladder5
5766823882Reincarnationthe rebirth of a soul in a new body.6
5766823883AssimilationThe process by which a person or persons acquire the social and psychological characteristics of a group7
5766823884MonotheisticThe belief in only one god8
5766823885Eightfold Paththe path to nirvana, comprising eight aspects in which an aspirant must become practiced: right views, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration.9
5766823886Zoroanstrianismone of the world's oldest monotheistic religions. It was founded by the Prophet Zoroaster in ancient Iran approximately 3500 years ago.10
5766823887Greek Philosophythe rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics11
5766823888PolytheisticThe belief in many gods12
5766823889Legalismstrict adherence, or the principle of strict adherence, to law or prescription13
5766823890Confucianisma system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius14
5766823891Buddhismis a nontheistic religion or philosophy (Sanskrit: dharma; Pali: धम्म dhamma) that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha, commonly known as the Buddha ("the awakened one").15
5766823892Islamthe religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah.16
5766823893Judaisman ancient monotheistic religion, with the Torah as its foundational text (part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible), and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Midrash and the Talmud.17
5766823894Christianitythe religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices.18
5766823895Daoisma philosophical, ethical or religious tradition of Chinese origin, or faith of Chinese exemplification, that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao.19
5766823896Han Dynastyan empire in ancient China, that lasted from 206 b.c.e- 24 c.e.20
5766823897Persiaan empire located in modern day Iran but stretched as far as Egypt and Iraq.21
5766823898Guptaan empire located in northern India that lasted from 320-550 c.e.22
5766823899Ancient Egyptan empire that lasted for 3000 years23
5766823900Roman empirelocated in modern day Italy but expanded to outlying countries throughout its reign, it lasted from 201 b.c.e- 476 c.e.24
5766823901Mayalocated in modern day central america, it lasted from 1800 b.c.e- 250 c.e.25
5766823902StateA body of people living in a defined territory who have a government with the power to make and enforce law without the consent of any higher authority26
5766823903Empirean extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority.27
5766823904Hebrew ScripturesTorah, Old Testament, Jewish Holy Scriptures28
5766823905Babylonian EmpireEmpire in Mesopotamia which was formed by Hammurabi, the sixth ruler of the invading Amorites.29
5766823906Roman EmpireExisted from 27 BCE to about 400 CE. Conquiered entire Mediterranean coast and most of Europe. Ruled by an emperor. Eventually oversaw the rise and spread of Christianity.30
5766823907Sanskrit ScripturesAn ancient Indic language of India, in which the Hindu scriptures and classical Indian epic poems are written and from which many northern Indian languages are derived.31
5766823908Vedic ReligionsCore beliefs in sanskrit scriptures; Hinduism; influence of Indo-European traditions in the development of the social and political roles of a caste system; importance of multiple manifestations of Brahma to promote teachings about reincarnation.32
5766823909HinduismA religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms33
5766823910Mauryan Empire(321-185 BCE) This was the first centralized empire of India whose founder was Chandragupta Maurya.34
5766823911AshokaLeader of the Mauryan dynasty of India who conquered most of India but eventually gave up violence and converted to Buddhism.35
5766823912Siddhartha Gautama (The Buddha)Means "Enlightened One." He is said to have renounced his worldly possessions and taught of a way to overcome suffering.36
5766823913Emperor ConstantineFounded Constantinople; best known for being the first Christian Roman Emperor; issued the Edit of Milan in 313, granting religious toleration throughout the empire.37
5766823914Buddha38
5766823915Vishnu39
5766823916Alexander the Great40
5766823917Parthenon41
5766823918Hoplite Armor of the militaristic Spartans42
5766823919Gupta Empire(320-550 CE) The decentralized empire that emerged after the Mauryan Empire, and whose founder is Chandra Gupta.43
5766823920Greek Architecture44
5766823921Aqueduct45
5766823922Colosseum46
5766823923Indian Ocean Maritime Trade System47
5766823924Silk Road48
5766823925filial pietyIn Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors.49
5766823926monasticism (monks)A way of life in which men and women withdraw from the rest of the world in order to devote themselves to their faith50
5766823927shamanismThe practice of identifying special individuals (shamans) who will interact with spirits for the benefit of the community. Characteristic of the Korean kingdoms of the early medieval period and of early societies of Central Asia.51
5766823928ancestor venerationVeneration of the dead or ancestor reverence is based on the beliefs that the dead have a continued existence, and may possess the ability to influence the fortune of the living, the worship of deceased ancestors52
5766823929syncretic religionCombines two religious traditions into something distinctly new, while containing traits of both53
5766823930Persian EmpireGreatest empire in the world up to 500 BCE. Spoke an Indo-European language. A multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire. Fell to Alexander the Great.54
5766823931Qin Dynastythe Chinese dynasty (from 246 BC to 206 BC) that established the first centralized imperial government and built much of the Great Wall55
5766823932Han Dynasty(202 BC - 220 AD) dynasty started by Lui Bang; a great and long-lasting rule, it discarded the harsh policies of the Qin dynasty and adopted Confucian principles; rulers chose officials who passed the civil service exams rather than birth; it was a time of prosperity56
5766823933HellenisticOf or influenced by the Greek Empire. A type of culture typically referred to after the conquests of Alexander the Great.57
5766823934TeotihuacanA large central city in the Mesoamerican region. Located about 25 miles Northeast of present day Mexico City. Exhibited city planning and unprecedented size for its time. Reached its peak around the year 450.58
5766823935Mochecivilization of north coast of Peru (200-700 C.E.). An important Andean civilization that built extensive irrigation networks as well as impressive urban centers dominated by brick temples.59
5766823936PersepolisA complex of palaces, reception halls, and treasury buildings erected by the Persian kings Darius I and Xerxes in the Persian homeland. It is believed that the New Year's festival was celebrated here, as well as the coronations, weddings, and funerals of the Persian kings, who were buried in cliff-tombs nearby.60
5766823937AthensA democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta.61
5766823938AlexandriaCity on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt founded by Alexander. It became the capital of the Hellenistic kingdom of Ptolemy. It contained the famous Library and the Museum and was a center for leading scientific and literary figures in the classical and postclassical eras.62
5766823939ConstantinopleA large and wealthy city that was the imperial capital of the Byzantine empire and later the Ottoman empire, now known as Istanbul63
5766823940Silk Roadstrade routes stretching from China to the Mediterranean, which allowed for the exchange of goods and ideas from China to the Roman Empire64
5766823941Trans-Saharan Caravan RouteIslamic trade in West Africa was conducted by caravans of camels. According to Ibn Battuta, the explorer who accompanied one of the caravans, the average size was a thousand camels per caravan, with some being as large as 12,000.65
5766823942Indian Ocean Sea Laneslanes throughout the Indian Ocean connecting East Africa, southern Arabia, the Persian Gulf, India, Southeast Asia, and southern China66
5766823943Mediterranean Sea LanesTrade routes that connected the Mediterranean civilizations together. The need for a sea rout for trade in the region. Trade increased and diffusion of cultures occurred67
5766823944Jesus of Nazaretha teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity.68
5766823945Paul of TarsusA Pharisaic Jew who persecuted the Early Christian community; later, he had an experience of the Risen Christ and became the "Apostle to the Gentiles" writing numerous letters to the Christian communities.69
5766823946Greco-Roman PhilosophyIdeas that emphasized human logic, empirical observation, and nature of political power and hierarchy.70
5766823947ZoroastrianismWhat religion?71
5766823948ChristianityWhat religion?72

AP Language Vocabulary Unit 4 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
3200402596Carnivorousmeat or flesh eating0
3200406682Herbivorousplant eating1
3200414081Insectivorousfeeding on insects2
3200416721Voracioushaving a huge appetite3
3200418427Carnagegreat destruction of life; slaughter4
3200422783Carnalhaving to do with bodily pleasures5
3200424778Incarnategiven bodily or actual form; especially having human body6
3200437271Reincarnationrebirth in new bodies or forms of life (after death)7
3200442923Credencemental acceptance of something as true or real; belief8
3200444900Credibleable to be believed; reasonable to trust or believe9
3200450406Credulityreadiness and willingness to believe on the basis of little evidence10
3200453397Credostatement of the basic beliefs of a religious faith; a set of guiding principles11
3200458973Affidavita sworn statement made in writing12
3200461311Diffidentlacking confidence; timid, cautious13
3200464248Fiduciaryhaving to do with confidence or trust; trust for another14
3200467115Perfidyfaithlessness, disloyalty, treachery15
3200474351Concurrenthappening or operating at the same time16
3200475821Cursoryhastily and often carelessly done17
3200479202Discursivepassing from one topic to another18
3200502041Precursorone that goes before and indicates the coming of another19
3200504043Quadrupedan animal having four feet20
3200505749Pedigreethe line of ancestors of a person or animal21
3200542944Impedimentsomething that interferes with movement/progress22
3200545469Pedestriancommonplace, ordinary, unimaginative23
3200556156Deflectto turn aside, especially from a straight/fixed course24
3200560320Reflectivecapable of reflecting light, images or sound waves; thoughtful25
3200564136Genuflectto kneel on one knee and then rise as an act of respect26
3200572176Inflectiona change in pitch, tone, or loudness of voice; the change in form of a word27
3200580866Posteriorsituated toward or on the back; rear28
3200584725Posthumouspublished after the death of the author; following or happening after death29
3200590020Postmodernhaving to do with a movement in architecture, art, or literature that is a reaction against modernism30
3200595294Postmortemoccurring after death; following the event31
3200605425Calypsoa folk song or style of singing of West Indian Origin32
3200608302Odysseya long wandering journey full of trials and adventures; a spiritual journey or quest33
3200616177Palladiuma precious, silver-white metal related to platinum used in electrical contacts34
3200621464Penelopea modest domestic wife35
3200623823Procrusteanruthlessly disregarding individual differences or special circumstances36
3200629193Proteandisplaying great variety; able to take on many different forms or natures37
3200635220Sibyla female prophet or fortune teller38
3200636741Sirena woman who tempts men with bewitching sweetness39

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