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AP Language 1-7 (no sentences) Flashcards

5347436478	assertion	a confident and forceful statement of fact or belief:	0
5347436479	biased	unfairly prejudiced for or against someone or something:	1
5347436480	convoluted	extremely complex and difficult to follow:	2
5347436481	integral	forming a necessary part of something;	3
5347436482	condescending	behaving as though you think you are better, more intelligent, or more important than other people:	4
5347436483	embellish	to make (a statement or story) more interesting or entertaining by adding extra details, especially ones that are not true:	5
5347436484	contemporary	occurring in the present or at the same time:	6
5347436485	transient	lasting only for a short time; impermanent (can refer to people, often homeless):	7
5347436486	proliferate	to increase rapidly in numbers:	8
5347436487	wary	feeling or showing caution about possible dangers or problems:	9
5347436488	ubiquitous	being or seeming to be everywhere at the same time; omnipresent.	10
5347436489	banal	so lacking in originality as to be obvious and boring:	11
5347436490	platitude	a remark or statement (especially of a moral nature) that has been used too often to be interesting or thoughtful:	12
5347436491	delude	to impose a misleading belief upon someone; to deceive; to fool:	13
5347436492	cliché	a phrase or opinion that is overused and demonstrates a lack of original thought:	14
5347436493	surreptitious	kept secret, especially because it would not be approved of:	15
5347436494	apathy	lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern:	16
5347436495	inconsequential	not important or significant:	17
5347436496	tenuous	very weak, uncertain, insecure:	18
5347436497	malleable	able to be shaped, formed, controlled, influenced:	19
5347436498	eloquent	able to express your ideas and opinions well, especially in a way that influences people:	20
5347436499	lucid	expressed in a way that is clear and easy to understand:	21
5347436500	alienate	to do something that makes someone unfriendly or unwilling to support you:	22
5347436501	obscure	not well known and usually not very important; difficult to understand:	23
5347436502	listless	feeling tired and not interested in things:	24
5347436503	disparity	a great difference:	25
5347436504	ostentatious	characterized by vulgar or pretentious display; designed to impress or attract attention:	26
5347436505	pretentious	attempting to impress by faking greater importance, talent, culture, etc., than is actually possessed:	27
5347436506	astute	having or showing an ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one's advantage:	28
5347436507	fabricate	to invent a story, piece of information etc. in order to deceive:	29
5347436508	subjective	(1) existing only in a person's mind. (2) influenced by personal feelings or opinions.	30
5347436509	objective	(1) existing independent of or external to the mind. (2) not influenced by personal feelings or opinions.	31
5347436510	tacit	understood or implied without being stated:	32
5347436511	infer	to deduce or conclude from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements:	33
5347436512	wrought	beaten out or shaped by hammering:	34
5347436513	belie	to give a false appearance of something:	35
5347436514	benign	gentle; not harmful:	36
5347436515	quibble	to argue or raise objections about a trivial matter:	37
5347436516	syntax	word order (the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language):	38
5347436517	semantics	the meaning of a word, phrase, sentence, or text:	39
5347436518	juxtapose	to place side-by-side or close together for contrasting effect	40
5347436519	anecdote	a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person:	41
5347436520	opinion	a view or judgment formed about something, not necessarily based on fact or knowledge:	42
5347436521	belief	something one accepts as true or real; a firmly held opinion or conviction:	43
5347436522	explicit	stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt:	44
5347436523	implicit	suggested but not plainly expressed:	45
5347436524	hyperbole	exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally:	46
5347436525	jargon	special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand:	47
5347436526	persona	the aspect of someone's character that is presented to or perceived by others:	48
5347436527	code-switching	the practice of alternating between two or more languages or varieties of language in conversation:	49
5347436528	discourse	written or spoken communication:	50
5347436529	rhetoric	(1) the art of persuasive speaking or writing: (2) language designed to have a persuasive effect, but often regarded as lacking in sincerity:	51
5347436530	modest	moderate (humble) in the estimation of one's abilities or achievements:	52
5347436531	prudent	exercising good judgment or common sense:	53
5347436532	context	the circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, idea, text, etc.	54
5347436533	intuitive	based on what one feels to be true even without conscious reasoning; instinctive:	55
5347436534	counterintuitive	contrary to common-sense expectation (but often nevertheless true):	56
5347436535	plausible	seeming reasonable or probable::	57
5347436536	coherent	logically consistent:	58
5347436537	quantify	to find or calculate the quantity or amount of (something):	59
5347436538	relative	having a particular quality or value when compared with something else:	60
5347436539	absolute	complete, definite, true, or right, and not changing in any situation:	61
5347436540	comprehensive	including all or nearly all elements or aspects of something; complete:	62
5347436541	paradigm	(1) a set of assumptions, concepts, values, and practices that constitutes a way of viewing reality for the community that shares them (especially in an intellectual discipline): (2) an outstandingly clear or typical example or archetype:	63
5347436542	hierarchy	a system in which people or things are placed in a series of levels with different importance or status:	64
5347436543	anomaly	something that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected:	65
5347436544	salient	most noticeable or important:	66
5347436545	constituent	being a part of a whole:	67
5347436546	pander	to do or provide what someone wants or demands (even though it is not proper, good, or reasonable):	68
5347436547	stigma	a mark of disgrace:	69
5347436548	impartial	treating all rivals or disputants equally:	70
5347436549	substantiate	to provide evidence to support or prove the truth of something:	71
5347436550	contempt	the feeling that a person or a thing is beneath consideration, worthless, or deserving scorn:	72
5347436551	impede	to interfere with or slow the progress of (someone or something):	73
5347436552	servile	very obedient and trying too hard to please someone:	74
5347436553	effusive	expressing feelings of gratitude, pleasure, or approval in an unrestrained or heartfelt manner:	75

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Lesson 3 AP Language Flashcards

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3703728728	abstruse	Difficult to understand	0
3703730937	affable	friendly, good natured, and easy to talk to	1
3703735897	audacity	the willingness to take bold risks	2
3703740762	contrite	feeling or expressing remorse or penitence; affected by guilt	3
3703743397	credulous	having or showing too great a readiness to believe things	4
3729513461	depravity	moral corruption and wickedness	5
3729521065	deprecate	to express dissaproval for	6
3729526416	didactic	to teach or lecture others too often	7
3729533067	dormant	Having normal physical functions slowed down	8
3729541995	enigmatic	difficult to interpret or to understand	9
3729545924	erudite	having or showing great knowledge	10
3729551211	exotic	of foreign origin or character	11
3729553569	fuse	join or blend together to create one	12
3729556240	immutable	unchanging over time	13
3729560665	incorrigible	unable to be corrected or reformed	14
3729566700	loathe	feel dislike or disgust for	15
3729568803	mitigate	make less severe or painful	16
3729573015	nullify	make of no use or value	17
3729576154	pacifistic	having opposition to war and fighting to settle disputes	18
3729587828	pretentious	assuming to be more important and successful than one is	19
3729594299	prologue	an introductory section to a piece of work	20
3729607360	recant	to withdraw or retract ones belief	21
3729611782	servile	excessive willingness to please others	22
3729617177	trepidation	a fear or agitation for something that might happen	23
3729623378	vilify	to speak or write about in a harsh manner	24

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AP Literature Vocab #1 Flashcards

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4901905799	Antithesis	(n.) opposite; contrast; the placing of a sentence or one of its parts against another to which it is opposed to form a balanced contrast of ideas i.e. "Give me liberty or give me death.". Origin: 1520-1530; Latin	0
4901905800	Banal	(adj.) devoid of freshness or originality; hackneyed; trite; common i.e. "A banal and sophomoric treatment of courage on the frontier." Origin: 1745-1755; French	1
4909624984	Ebullient	(adj.) full of enthusiasm; bubbling; boiling Origin: 1585-1595; Latin	2
4901907998	Facetious	(adj.) not meant to be taken seriously or literally; amusing; humorous i.e. "A Facetious remark" Origin: 1585-1595; French	3
4901909419	Iconoclast	(n.) a person who attacks cherished beliefs, traditional institutions, etc. as being based on error or superstition Origin: 1590-1600; Medieval Latin & Medieval Greek	4
4901909420	Obdurate	(adj.) unmoved by persuasion, pity, or tender feelings; stubborn; unyielding i.e. "An obdurate sinner." Origin: 1400-1450; Late Middle English & Latin	5
4901909421	Sagacity	(n.) acutness of mental discernment and soundness of judgement; quality of intelligence (sagacious) Origin: 1540-1550; Latin	6
4901910931	Taciturn	(adj,) inclined to silence; reserved in speech; reluctant to join in conversation; introverted Origin: 1765-1775; Latin	7

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AP English Literature Terms Flashcards

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4384770944	Allegory	Characters, events, and settings represent abstract ideas and principles and have an underlying meaning	0
4384770945	Alliteration	The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words that are close to one another	1
4384770946	Allusion	A brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing, or idea of significance	2
4384770947	Ambiguity	A word, phrase, or statement with more than one meaning	3
4384770948	Anachronism	Something located at a time when it could not have existed or occurred	4
4384770949	Analogy	Drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity in some respect	5
4384770950	Anaphora	The deliberate repition of the first part of the sentence	6
4384770951	Antagonist	Stands in opposition to the protagonist/main character; villain	7
4384770952	Antihero	A prominent character whose qualities are opposite to a conventional hero	8
4384770953	Antithesis	A contrast emphasized by parallelism	9
4384770954	Aphorism	A short concise instructive saying that embodies a moral	10
4384770955	Apostrophe	The speaker addresses an imaginary, inanimate, or absent person, thing, or idea in his speech	11
4384770956	Aside	A comment made by a character in a play that is intended to be heard by the audience, but not other characters	12
4384770957	Assonance	Two or more words that are close to each other have the same vowel sound but start with different consonance sounds	13
4384770958	Archetype	Something that serves as a model or a basis for making copies shared by by people across cultures	14
4384770959	Ballad	A narrative song with a recurrent refrain or a narrative poem of popular origin	15
4384770960	Bathos	Insincere pathos (also a malapropism)	16
4384770961	Blank Verse	Unrhymed verse, usually in iambic pentameter	17
4384770962	Bildungsroman	A novel dealing with someone's formative years	18
4384770963	Cadence	The accent in a metrical foot of verse	19
4384770964	Caesura	A pause or interruption in a line of poetry	20
4384770965	Canto	A major division of a long poem	21
4384770966	Catharsis	Purging of fear and pity that occur in the audience of a tragedy/drama	22
4384770967	Characterization	The act of describing distinctive characteristics or essential features	23
4384770968	Climax	The specific point in a story when the conflict or tension hits the highest point	24
4384770969	Colloquialism	The use of informal words, phrases, or slang in a piece of writing	25
4384770970	Comedy	Light and humorous drama with a happy ending	26
4384770971	Conceit	An elaborate poetic image or a far-fetched comparison of very dissimilar things (extended metaphor)	27
4384770972	Conflict	A struggle between two opposing forces	28
4384770973	Connotation	A meaning implied by a word aside from its explicit meaning; can be positive or negative	29
4384770974	Consonance	Repetition of consonants within a phrase	30
4384770975	Couplet	A stanza consisting of two successive lines of verse; usually rhymed	31
4384770976	Denotation	Literal meanings of words	32
4384770977	Dénouement	The resolution of an issue in a complicated plot	33
4384770978	Dialect	The language, spelling, grammar, and punctuation used by people in a specific area, class, district, etc.	34
4384770979	Diction	The style of speaking or writing determined by the writer's choice of words	35
4384770980	Didactic	Instructive, especially excessively	36
4384770981	Direct Characterization	The author specifically reveals traits about the character in a direct, straightforward manner	37
4384770982	Dramatic Monologue	A poem in the form of a speech or narrative in which the speaker reveals aspects of their character while describing a particular situation or series of events	38
4384770983	Dynamic Character	A character who undergoes change through actuons and events in the plot	39
4384770984	Dystopia	A work of fiction describing an imaginary place where life is extremely bad because of deprivation, oppression, or terror	40
4384770985	Elegy	A mournful poem; a lament for the dead	41
4384770986	Enjambment	The continuation of a syntactic unit from one line of verse into the next line without a pause in poetry	42
4384770987	Epic	A long narrative poem telling of a hero's deeds	43
4384770988	Epigram	A brief witty poem; often satirical	44
4384770989	Epigraph	A quotation at the beginning of some piece of writing	45
4384770990	Epistolary Novel	A novel written in the form of letters or correspondence	46
4384770991	Epithet	A defamatory or abusive word or phrase	47
4384770992	Ethos	Persuasion by ethics	48
4384770993	Euphemism	An inoffensive or indirect expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive or too harsh	49
4384770994	Eurocentrism	Belief in the preeminence of Europe and Europeans	50
4384770995	Equivocation	Possession of more than one meaning	51
4384770996	Exposition	Introduces background info of the setting, character, events, etc.	52
4384770997	Fable	A short moral story (often with animal characters); a story about mythical or supernatural beings or events	53
4384770998	Farce	A comedy characterized by broad satire and improbable situations	54
4384770999	Figurative Language	Uses words whose meanings differ from their loteral meanings	55
4384771000	First Person Point of View	A point of view where the story is narrated by one character at a time who is speaking about him or herself or sharing events that he or she is experiencing	56
4384771001	Foil	A character whose traits serve to show opposition to another character's good qualities	57
4384771002	Foreshadowing	An advance hint of what will occur later in the story	58
4384771003	Free Verse	Unrhymed verse without a consistent metrical pattern	59
4384771004	Genre	A kind of literary or artistic work	60
4384771005	Hegemony	The dominance or leadership of one social group or nation over others	61
4384771006	Hero	A man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength	62
4384771007	Heroic Couplet	A couplet consisting of two rhymed lines of iambic pentameter and written in an elevated style	63
4384771008	Hubris	Overbearing pride or presumption	64
4384771009	Hyperbole	An extreme exaggeration of ideas for emphasis	65
4384771010	Idyll	An episode of such pastoral or romantic charm as to quantify as the subject of a poetic idyll	66
4384771011	Indirect Characterization	The narrator shows the reader something about the character through the character's actions, things the character says, or things other characters say	67
4384771012	In Medias Res	Into or in the middle	68
4384771013	Interior Monologue	A literary genre that presents a fictional character's sequence of thoughts in the form of a monologue	69
4384771014	Intertextuality	The idea that a given text is a responsr to what has already been written, whether it is explicit or implicit	70
4384771015	Invective	Abusive or venemous language used to express blame or censure or bitter deep-seated ill will	71
4384771016	Inversion	The reversal of the normal order of words	72
4384771017	Irony	A difference between appearance and reality; intended meaning is different from the actual meaning; a situation ended in a different way than expected	73
4384771018	Juxtaposition	The act of positioning things close together (comparing)	74
4384771019	Kenning	Conventional metaphoric name for something (epithet for a thing)	75
4384771020	Limited Omniscient POV	The narrator only knows the thoughts and feelings of one character and all characters are described using pronouns	76
4384771021	Litotes	Understatement for rhetorical effect	77
4384771022	Local Color	Regionalism	78
4384771023	Lyrical Ballad	A type of poetry or verse used as songs	79
4384771024	Lyric Poem	A short poem of songlike quality	80
4384771025	Malapropism	The unintentional misuse of a word by confusion with one that sounds similar	81
4384771026	Metaphysical Poetry	Characterized by the inventive use of conceits and by questioning abstract topics	82
4384771027	Meter	The accent in a metrical foot of a verse	83
4384771028	Metonymy	Substituting the name of an attribute or feature for the name of the thing itself	84
4384771029	Metrical Feet	A group of 2 or 3 syllables forming the basic unit of poetic rhythm	85
4384771030	Misanthrope	Someone who dislikes people in general	86
4384771031	Mock Epic	Satires or parodies that mock common Classical stereotypes of heroes or heroic literature	87
4384771032	Motif	A unifying idea that is a recurrent element in literacy or artistic work	88
4384771033	Misogynist	A misanthrope who dislikes women in particular	89
4384771034	Objective POV	The narrator tells what happens factually and never states what characters may feel or think	90
4384771035	Ode	A lyric poem with complex stanza forms	91
4384771036	Omniscient POV	Third person where the narrator knows the feelings and thoughts of every character	92
4384771037	Onomatopoeia	A word that imitates a natural sound	93
4384771038	Oxymoron	Two opposite ideas are joined to make an effect	94
4384771039	Parable	A short moral story	95
4384771040	Paradox	A statement appearing to be self-contradictory or silly, but may include truth	96
4384771041	Parallelism	Phrases/sentences put close to each other with the same structure	97
4384771042	Parody	An imitation of a writer, artist, or genre, exaggerating it to produce a comedic effect	98
4384771043	Pastoral	A literary work idealizing the rural lofe	99
4384771496	Pathos	Persuasion by emotion; stimulates the audience to feel pity and sorrow	100
4384771497	Persona	A personality an author takes on	101
4384771498	Personification	A thing, idea, or animal is given human characteristics	102
4384771499	Petrarchan Sonnet	A sonnet consisting of an octave with the rhyme pattern "abbaabba" followed by a sestet with the rhyme pattern "cdecde" or "cdcdcd"	103
4384771500	POV	Perspective, way of considering things	104
4384771501	Primary Epic	A written epic, or a long narrative poem, which presents characters of high position in a series of adventures and are often of heroic proportions	105
4384771502	Prose	Ordinary writing as distingushed from verse	106
4384771503	Protagonist	The central character in a story	107
4384771504	Regionalism	A feature characteristic of a particular region (local color)	108
4384771505	Rhetoric	Using language effectively to please or persuade	109
4384771506	Rhetorical Question	A statement that is formulated as a question but that is not supposed to be answered	110
4384771507	Rhyme	Repetition of similar sounding words at the end of each line	111
4384771508	Rhythm	Demonstrates the long and short patterns through stressed and unstressed syllables	112
4384771509	Romance	A novel dealing with idealized events remote from everyday life	113
4384771510	Satire	Exposes and criticizes foolishness and corruption of an individual or a society by using irony, humor, exaggeration, or ridicule	114
4384771511	Schemata	An internal representation of the world	115
4384771512	Scheme	Deals with syntax, diction, sounds, but not meanings	116
4384771513	Secondary Epic	Written epics that were traditionally told orally	117
4384771514	Setting	The place where an event takes place	118
4384771515	Shakespearean Sonnet	A sonnet consisting of three quatrains and a concluding couplet in iambic pentameter with the rhyme pattern "abab cdcd efef gg"	119
4384771516	Slant Rhyme	Type of rhyme formed by words of similar sounds, but not identical as in a typical rhyme	120
4384771517	Soliloquy	A dramatic speech intended to give the illusion of unspoken reflections	121
4384771518	Sonnet	A verse form consisting of 14 lines with a fixed rhyme scheme	122
4384771519	Stanza	A fixed number of lines of verse forming a unit of a poem	123
4384771520	Static Character	A character who does not change throughout the plot	124
4384771521	Style	The way a writer writes the technique an author uses	125
4384771522	Subjugate	To put down by force or intimidation, conquer, or subdue	126
4384771523	Symbol	Something that represents another thought, idea, or thing	127
4384771524	Synecdoche	Substituting a more inclusive term for a less inclusive one or vice versa	128
4384771525	Synesthesia	A close association or confusion of sense impressions	129
4384771526	Syntax	A set of rules in a language; the way words are put together to express a thought	130
4384771527	Theme	A main idea or an underlying meaning hat can be directly or indirectly stated	131
4384771528	Thesis	A statement that a writer intends to support or prove in a work	132
4384771529	Third Person POV	Narrated by an outside person not involved in the story	133
4384771530	Tone	The attitude of the writer toward the subject or audience and is conveyed through word choice	134
4384771531	Tragedy	Drama in which the protagonist is overcome by some superior force or circumstance	135
4384771532	Tragic Flaw	The character flaw or error of a tragic hero that leads to his downfall	136
4384771533	Tragic Hero	A person with heroic or potentially heroic qualities who is fated to doom and destruction	137
4384771534	Transition	A change from one place, state, subject, or stage to another	138
4384771535	Trope	Changes meaning of a word	139
4384771536	Understatement	A statement restrained in ironic contrast to what might have been said	140
4384771537	Unity of Design	All the elements in a work fit together and make a harmonious effect	141
4384771538	Verisimilitude	The appearance of truth, willing suspension of disbelief	142
4384771539	Wit	Reason or reasoning ability	143

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AP World History: Ancient World Flashcards

First set of words in the AP World History book by the Princeton Review.

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7293600866	Agriculture	The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.	0
7293600867	Agrarian	pertaining to land or its cultivation; Ex. agrarian reform, agrarian society	1
7293600868	Bands/ Clans	extended family groups that generally lived together	2
7293600869	Barbarian	without civilizing influences	3
7293600870	Bureaucracy	system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials (not elected)	4
7293600871	Civilization	a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)	5
7293600872	City-States	different sections of land owned by the same country but ruled by different rulers (e.g. Greece)	6
7293600873	Classical	of or characteristic of a form or system felt to be of first significance before modern times	7
7293600874	Domestication	process of changing plants or animals to make them more useful to humans	8
7293600875	Economy	system by which goods and services are produced and distributed to meet people's needs	9
7293600876	Egalitarian	a person who believes in the equality of all people	10
7293600877	Emperor	supreme ruler of an empire	11
7293600878	Empire	many territories, countries, or peoples controlled by one government (also just any territory ruled by an emperor)	12
7293600879	Feudalism	a political system and a social system where by a powerful lord would offer "protection" in return for "service"	13
7293600880	Foraging	the process of scavenging for food	14
7293600881	Hierarchy	a series of ordered groupings of people or things within a system	15
7293600882	Hierarchical	Of, relating to, or arranged in a hierarchy	16
7293600883	Hunter-Gatherer	A hunter-gatherer society is one whose primary subsistence method involves the direct procurement of edible plants and animals from the wild, foraging and hunting without significant recourse to the domestication of either plants nor animals	17
7293600884	Irrigation	supplying dry land with water by means of ditches, sprinklers, etc.	18
7293600885	Monarchy	a government in which power is in the hands of a single person who usually inherits their power	19
7293600886	Monotheism	belief in a single God	20
7293600887	Neolithic	The New Stone Age from circa 8500 to 4500 BCE: The period of the Stone Age associated with the ancient Agricultural Revolution(s)	21
7293600888	Nomadic	(of groups of people) tending to travel and change settlements frequently	22
7293600889	Pastoral	relating to shepherds or herdsmen or devoted to raising sheep or cattle (e.g. pastoral peoples)	23
7293600890	Paleolithic	The Old Stone Age from circa 750,00 to 500,000 years BCE to 8,500 years BCE: The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans and the development of minor tools	24
7293600891	Philosophy	the rational investigation of questions about existence, knowledge, and ethics	25
7293600892	Polytheism	belief in multiple Gods	26
7293600893	River Valley	the fertile land surrounding a river- the first civilizations arose near them	27
7293600894	Sedentary	remaining in one place	28
7293600895	Settlement	the act of colonizing or a small group of people in a sedentary position	29
7293600896	Subsistence	the necessities of life, the resources of survival	30
7293600897	Surplus	a quantity much larger than is needed	31
7293600898	Sustenance	the act of sustaining life by food or providing a means of subsistence	32
7293600899	Theocracy	government run by religious leaders	33
7293600900	Traditional	consisting of or derived from tradition; customary practices	34
7293600901	Urbanization	the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban	35
7293600902	Vassals	lesser lords who pledged their service and loyalty to a greater lord -- in a military capacity	36
7293600903	Alexander the Great	king of Macedon, conqueror of Greece, Egypt, and Persia; founder of Alexandria (356-323 BC)	37
7293600904	Analects of Confucius	"something that is repeated" - a collection of Confucius' famous sayings	38
7293600905	Bronze Age	a period between the Stone and Iron ages, characterized by the manufacture and use of bronze tools and weapons	39
7293600906	Calendar	a system of timekeeping that defines the beginning and length and divisions of the year	40
7293600907	Code of Hammurabi	the set of laws drawn up by Babylonian king Hammurabi dating to the 18th century BC, the earliest legal code known in its entirety	41
7293600908	Cuneiform	One of the first written languages known: A system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables. It originated in Mesopotamia and was used initially for Sumerian and Akkadian but later was adapted to represent other languages of western Asia.	42
7293600909	Democracy	a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them	43
7293600910	Eight Fold Path	Eight steps to end suffering and attain enlightenment according to Buddhist tradition.	44
7293600911	Four Noble Truths	as taught by the Buddha, the four basic beliefs that form the foundation of Buddhism	45
7293600912	Gothic Migrations	The Migration period, also called the Barbarian Invasions or German: Völkerwanderung (wandering of the peoples), was a period of human migration that occurred roughly between the years 300 to 700 CE in Europe, marking the transition from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages. These movements were catalyzed by profound changes within both the Roman Empire and the so-called 'barbarian frontier'. Migrating peoples during this period included the Goths, Vandals, Bulgars, Alans, Suebi, Frisians, and Franks, among other Germanic and Slavic tribes.	46
7293600913	Great Wall	a fortification 1,500 miles long built across northern China in the 3rd century BC	47
7293600914	Han Dynasty	imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time from 206 BC to AD 220) and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy	48
7293600915	Hellenism	The ideals and principles that spread from Greece through much of the ancient world. Much of its influence such as philosophy, athletics, and architecture penetrated the Middle East.	49
7293600916	The Huns	Fierce warriors from Central Asia- First invaded southeastern Europe and then launched raids on nearby kingdoms	50
7293600917	Indian Ocean Trade	connected to Europe, Africa, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion.	51
7293600918	Iron Age	the period following the Bronze Age; characterized by rapid spread of iron tools and weapons	52
7293600919	Jewish Diaspora	A "scattering" of the Jewish people	53
7293600920	Legalism	In Chinese history, Legalism was one of the main philosophic currents during the Warring States Period- A philosophy of focusing on the text of written law to the exclusion of the intent of law, elevating strict adherence to law over justice, mercy and common sense	54
7293600921	Pax Romana	A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180.	55
7293600922	Pyramids	Huge stone tombs with four triangle-shaped walls that met in a point on top	56
7293600923	Roman Republic	The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate.	57
7293600924	Roman Senate	a council of wealthy and powerful Romans that advised the city's leaders	58
7293600925	Shang Civilization	China's first dynasty almost 2000 BCE	59
7293600926	Shi Huang Di	harsh ruler who united China for the first time and used legalism in ruling (Qin China)	60
7293600927	Siddhartha Gautama	founder of Buddhism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; also know as Buddha	61
7293600928	Silk Road Trade	The most famous of the trading routes established by pastoral nomads connecting the Chinese, Indian, Persian, and Mediterranean civilizations; transmitted goods and ideas among civilization.	62
7293600929	The Torah	the most sacred text of Judaism	63
7293600930	The Vedas of Hinduism	Aryan hymns originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century B.C.E.	64
7293600931	Ziggurats	a temple or tomb of the ancient Assyrians, Sumerians, or Babylonians, having the form of a terraced pyramid of successively receding stories	65
7293600932	Christianity	Monotheistic religion born out of Judaism, preached by Jesus of Nazareth and later codified by his disciples. Persecuted by Romans early on; however, gained support under Constantine in the Rome.	66
7293600933	Buddhism	originally preached by Siddhartha and codified by his disciples into the sutras. Rejected Vedic rituals and the caste system. Spread throughout SE Asia and China and split into Mahayana(Buddha as a God, local gods tacked on as Bodhisativas) and Theravada(original, strict non-theistic version).	67
7293600934	Asoka	Third ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India (r. 270-232 B.C.E.). He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing.	68
7293600935	Hinduism	Term for a wide variety of beliefs and ritual practices that have developed in the Indian subcontinent since antiquity. It has roots in ancient Vedic, Buddhist, and south Indian religious concepts and practices.	69
7293600936	Trans Saharan	route across the sahara desert. Major trade route that traded for gold and salt, created caravan routes, economic benefit for controlling dessert, camels played a huge role in the trading	70
7293600937	Monsoons	Major winds in the Indian Ocean that blew into India for half the year, and blew away from India for the other half. Helped facilitate trade in the Indian Ocean.	71
7293600938	Sumerians	people who dominated Southern Mesopotamia through the end of the 3rd Millennium BCE. Responsible for the creation of irrigation technology, cuneiform, and religious conceptions.	72
7293600939	Indo-Europeans	Groups of people who came from the area north of the Caucasus mountains, which are between the Black and Caspian seas. Herded multiple animals. Rode into battle on chariots. The Indo-European language of Sanskrit, by the Aryans, are the basis of many languages today. Often accepted and adapted aspects of technology, religions, and social order of those with whom they came in contact.	73
7293600940	Before agriculture, men and women are believed to have a greater degree of equality. But after the rise of agriculture, most human societies became ________ as a result of greater male strength.	Patriarchal	74
7293600941	caste system	a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society, there was virtually no social mobility	75
7293600942	Paleolithic	(Old Stone Age) a long period of human development before the development of agriculture	76
7293600943	Carthage	This city has existed for nearly 3,000 years, developing from a Phoenician colony of the 1st millennium BC into the capital of the Carthaginian Empire. Controlled commerce in the Mediterranean prior to the rise of Roman Power. The expanding Roman Republic took control of many of its outposts after the two Punic Wars.	77
7293600944	Hellenization	The spread of Greek language and culture (Hellenism) throughout the Mediterranean, starting with t he conquests of Alexander the Great. Upon Alexander's death at the age of thirty-three (323 B.C.E.), his realm was divided among his leading generals. During their reigns and those of their successors, Hellenism (i.e., Greek culture) continued to flourish in major urban centers around the eastern Mediterranean (less so in rural areas). People traveling to different areas could communicate with people of other kingdoms through Greek. More than at any time in previous history, the eastern Mediterranean that emerged in Alexander's wake experienced a form of cultural unity and cosmopolitanism (a "cosmopolite" is a "citizen of the world," as opposed to a person who belongs to only one locality). The Roman Empire arose in the context of the Hellenistic world and took full advantage of its unity, promoting the use of Greek language, accepting aspects of Greek culture, and even taking over features of the Greek religion, to the point that the Greek and Roman gods came to be thought of as the same, only with different names. This complex unity achieved culturally through Hellenization and politically through the conquests of Rome is summed up by the term Greco-Roman world.	78
7293600945	Daoism	Chinese religion that believes the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from 'the way' or 'path' of nature.	79
7293600946	Bureaucrat	government official	80

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AP Spanish Literature and Culture Vocabulary Flashcards

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5037095590	in medias res	Comenzar una obra a la mitad de la acción	0
5037095591	aparte	Un actor habla al público, sin que los otros personajes los escuchen	1
5037095592	pícaro	Un niño pobre que vive de hacer engaños y trampas	2
5037095593	sinestesia	Mezclar los sentidos (el tacto, el olfato, el gusto, etc)	3
5037095594	acotaciones	Instrucciones (entre paréntesis) de movimiento y accesorios para los actores en un drama	4
5037095595	aliteración	La repetición de un sonido en un verso	5
5037095596	encabalgamiento	En un poema, continuar una idea en el siguiente verso	6
5037095597	polisíndeton	Usar palabra "y" repetidamente en un verso	7
5037095598	asíndeton	No usar la palabra "y" u otras conjunciones donde normalmente se colocarían para acelerar el ritmo de un verso	8
5037095599	hipérbaton	Cambiar el orden de palabras para facilitar la rima o para dar énfasis a ciertas palabras	9
5037095600	paralelismo	Repetición del mismo formato o de los opuestos	10
5037095601	retruécano	Repetir las mismas palabras, pero en un orden diferente, para que el significado cambie	11
5037095602	Verso	Una sola línea de un poema	12
5037095603	Estrofa	Una agrupación de líneas de un poema	13
5037095604	Estribillo	Una frase o línea que se repite varias veces en un poema, como <<¡Ay de mí, Alhama!>>	14
5037095605	sinalefa	Juntar los vocales de dos palabras para mantener la métrica	15
5037095606	Metonimia	Figura retórica caracterizada por la sustitución de un objeto por otro entre los que existe una relación. Por ejemplo, se puede decir "vamos a leer a Isabel Allende" en vez de "leer un libro de Isabel Allende" o "llaves" por "un auto".	16
5037095607	La voz poética	El "narrador" de un poema	17
5037095608	apóstrofe	Cuando la voz poética invoca (llama) a una persona o a algún elemento personificado	18
5037095609	eufemismo	sustituir un término o frase que tienen connotaciones desagradables o para disimular la vulgaridad o crudeza, mediante el uso de otras palabras menos ofensivas. Es un instrumento que refuerza la doble moral y sirve como atenuador de prejuicios.	19
5037095610	Silva	Usar una combinación de versos heptasílabos y endecasílabos, mezclado según el deseo del poeta y con rima irregular	20
5037095611	escenario	El lugar en un teatro donde los actores presentan la obra teatral.	21
5037095612	Epíteto	el uso de adjetivos innecesarios que no añaden ninguna información suplementaria para describir una idea o concepto. (Ej: el hielo frío). Su función es acentuar el significado de lo que se está describiendo. Es una Figura muy común en la literatura Renacentista.	22
5037095613	antítesis	Contraponer una frase o una palabra a otra de significado contrario	23
5037095614	Protagonista	Personaje principal de la acción en una obra literaria narrativa o teatral	24
5037095615	Hipérbole	Exageración	25
5037095616	desdoblamiento	Division de algo que suele estar unido, como una persona o personalidad	26
5037095617	gradacion	Una serie de palabras o ideas presentadas en orden progresivo, ascendente o descendente.	27
5037095618	enumeracion	El recurso literario de escribir una lista	28
5037095619	Arte mayor	Una métrica de más de ocho sílabas por verso	29
5037095620	carpe diem	El concepto de "Vive el momento"	30
5037095621	memento mori	El concepto de que "La muerte está por todos lados, y es algo malo."	31
5037095622	Barroco	Una época en España cuando el memento mori era la visión principal del tiempo.	32
5037095623	Realismo y naturalismo	Un género en el cual se describe la vida cotidiana con detalles minuciosas, mostrando tanto lo sublime como lo vulgar.	33
5037095624	Literatura colonial	La literatura que se escribe en América (todo el continente - Norte-, Centro-, y Sudamérica) mientras las potencias europeas mantienen el control político y administrativo	34
5037095625	Comedia	En general se refiere a una obra teatral, y más específicamente una obra teatral con un final feliz	35
5037095626	Renacimiento	Una época en España cuando en el arte se elevaban al ser humano y la naturaleza como la belleza ideal.	36
5037095627	conceptismo	Un sub-género en el cual se usan palabras simples, pero se cultivan asociaciones creativas de ideas. Se busca la originalidad con la intención de causar sorpresa en el lector.	37
5037095628	costumbrismo	Un sub-género en el cual se escribe sobre la vida diaria y las tradiciones	38
5037095629	Culteranismo	Un sub-género en el cual se usan palabras complicadas y hasta inventadas, juntas con otras técnicas, para que la obra sea inaccesible menos a los intelectuales.	39
5037095630	Romanticismo	Un movimiento literario en el cual el arte y la literatura enfatiza las emociones y experiencias casi sobrenaturales.	40
5037095631	Renacimiento o Siglo de Oro	Los Reyes Católicos querían que todo el país fuera católico, y el imperio español se extendió desde las Américas hasta Asia.	41
5037095632	Romance	Es un tipo de poema,recitado por los juglares, que narra los sucesos de gran importancia histórica.	42
5037095633	El Siglo de Oro	Consiste en el Renacimiento y el Barroco	43
5037095634	Modernismo	Un movimiento literario que enfatiza el deseo por la independencia y la libertad.	44
5037095635	literatura didáctica, ejemplares	Un tipo de literatura que tiene la función de enseñar lecciones morales.	45
5037095636	naturalismo	Un movimiento en el cual los autores escriben con gran detalle la vida cotidiana para concientizar a los lectores.	46
5037095637	literatura chicana	Un género literario que refleja la vida de estadounidenses con ascendencia mexicana, muchas veces con un compromiso político.	47
5037095638	La Edad Media	Es la época en España cuando los moros dominaban pero permitían a los judíos y a los cristianos a practicar su fe.	48
5037095639	realismo mágico	Un estilo de la novela o cuento latinoamericano del siglo XX en el que se mezclan la representación del mundo real con elementos fantásticos o irracionales.	49

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AP literature vocab Flashcards

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4302240203	allusion	a reference to a literary or historical event person or place	0
4302245092	allegory	prose or poetic narrative in which the character behavior, and even the setting demonstrates multiple levels of meaning or significance ; universal symbol/personified abstraction ex. grim reaper	1
4302250061	attitude	speaker, author's, characters disposition toward or opinion of a subject	2
4302251658	anaphora	the regular repitition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases or clauses ex. I have a dream I have a dream that one day down in Alabama... I have a dream I have a dream that one day every valley...	3
4302256587	anecdote	a brief story or tale told by a character	4
4302258056	antithesis	the juxtaposition of sharply contrasting ideas in balanced or parallel words, phrases, grammatical structure or ideas ex. "Too err is human, to forgive divine"	5
4302260719	apostrophe	an address or invocation to something that is inanimate - such as an angry lover who might scream at the ocean in their despair	6
4302266158	asyndeton	a style in which conjunctions are omitted, usually producing a more fast paced, more rapid prose ex. I came, I saw, I conquered	7
4302271981	assonance	the repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds, usually those found in stressed syllables of close proximity ex. the rain in Spain falls mainly in the plains	8
4302278730	ballad	a narrative poem that is, or originally was, meant to be sung, characterized by repetition and refrain (recurring phrase or phrases)	9
4302282464	ballad stanza	common stanza form, consisting of a quatrain that alternates four beat and three beat lines: one and three unrhymed iambic tetrameter (four beats), and two and four are rhymed iambic trimeter (three beats)	10
4302288810	blank verse	the verse form that most resembles common speech, consists of unrhymed lines in iambic pentameter	11
4302293621	caesura	a pause in line of verse, indicated by natural speech patterns rather than due to specific metrical patterns ex. Alas how changed! // What sudden horrors rise! A naked lover // bound and bleeding lies!	12
4302300711	chiasmus	a figure of speech by which the order of the terms in the first two parallel clauses is reversed in the second ex. I mean what I say and I say what I mean	13
4302305544	colloquial	ordinary language, the vernacular	14
4302306384	conceit	an extended metaphor	15
4302308252	consonance	the repetition of a sequence of two or more consonants, but with a change in the intervening vowels ex. the luMPy buMPy road	16
4302313756	couplet	two rhyming lines of iambic pentameter that together present a single idea or connection	17
4302316922	dactylic	metrical pattern, each foot consists of a syllable followed by two unstressed ones stressed, unstressed, unstressed /))	18
4302326577	dialect	the language and speech of idiosyncrasies of a specific area, region or group of people	19
4302331749	diction	specific word choice to persuade or convey tone, purpose or effect	20
4302333685	dramatic monologue	a monologue set in a specific situation and spoken to an imaginary audience (synonymous with soliloquy)	21
4302370744			22
4302364858	elegy	a poetic lament upon the death of a particular people, usually ending in consolation	23
4302364859	enjambment		24

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AP WORLD HISTORY JEPORADY Flashcards

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8412232855	Repression of Buddhism led to neo-confucianism becoming the central philosophy of china	tang dynasty	0
8412232856	The kaaba is located at the center of the city, the most important in southwest asia	mecca	1
8412232857	Major food producing region of china had shifted south from the yellow river to this river by the time of the tang dynasty	yangtze river	2
8412232858	Four great civilizations, doesn't have any natural barriers to conquest	mesopotamia(tigris and euphrates river)	3
8412232859	Result of China's adoption of a fast-ripening strain of rice from Vietnam during Tang and Song	doubling of Chinese population (population increase)	4
8412232860	Man that Cleopatra supported after Julius Caesar's assassination	Mark Antony	5
8412232861	Mahayana Buddhism, people reached nirvana but stayed on earth to guide others to the environment	bodhisattvas(enlightened ones)	6
8412232862	Song Dynasty, these practices were considered masculine	calligraphy, painting, poetry, scholarship	7
8412232863	First Muslim caliphate, not tolerant of non-Arab muslims; after revolts led to their downfall they retreat to Spain	Umayyad	8
8412232864	Period in time when division of labor was least likely to be divided by gender	Paleolithic era	9
8412232865	System allow social mobility in early China in practice; it meant the scholar-gentry was made up of the rich	civil service examination	10
8412232866	River floods consistently and predictably at about the same time each year	the nile river	11
8412232867	Philosophy viewed humans needing strict controlling laws and was a favorite of ruler Shi Huangdi	legalism	12
8412232868	System in china involving small civilizations contribute offering to china	tribute system	13
8412232869	Provincial governor of the persian empire	satrap	14
8412232870	Being part of this class of people gave christians and jew religious protections under the rule of Islamic caliphates	dheminis (people of the book)	15
8412232871	Triangular sail allows for greater maneuverability in strong winds	lateen sails	16
8412232872	South asia - believed that social divisions were created by the sacrifice of the god Purusha	castes(caste system)	17
8412232873	Legal system created by a babylonian king in the 18th century bce	hammurabi's law of code	18
8412232874	Ruling class of rome	patricians	19
8412232875	Geographic characteristic of early civilizations of afro-eurasia	river valleys	20
8412232876	Ancient egyptian sun god	ra, re	21
8412232877	Surplus of food allows humans to pursue jobs often than food, clothing and shelter creation	specialization	22
8412232878	Travels to visit the parthians, zhang qian's discovery of the "heavenly horses" had this effect	creation of the silk roads	23
8412232879	List three reasons inter-regional trade was not widespread in the americas	longitudinal geography problems, small population, lack of large domesticated animals	24
8412232880	Name of major figure in spreading christianity to non-jewish population	paul of tarsus	25
8412232881	Hellenization	blending of eastern and western cultures	26
8412232882	Laozi believe humans should strive to do	retreat from society and becoming one with the natural world	27
8412232883	Two political classes who ruled rome	plebeians and the patricians	28
8412232884	Four major attributes of a civilization	division labor, social classes, surplus supplies, writing systems	29
8412232885	Social group had the highest social status in han china	scholar gentry	30
8412232886	Ruler of the mauryan empire - Ashoka sought to rule in accordance with which religion	buddhism	31
8412232887	Environmental phenomenon was lateen sail taking advantage of the indian ocean	monsoon winds	32
8412232888	Primary cause of the peloponnesian war	growing domination of athens over other city-states	33
8412232889	Indus river valley is hard for historians to analyze	written language not deciphered	34
8412232890	Zoroaster was similar to hebrew prophets, the buddha, and confucius because he preached a message of what	moral reform or good and evil in human conduct	35
8412232891	Thought women were probably the first humans to farm	fact women were primary gathers in early human societies	36
8412232892	Only region where a civilization did not arise around a river valley	mesoamerica/america	37
8412232893	Name of the first civilization in the fertile crescent	sumer/sumerians	38
8412232894	Mahayana buddhism - people take the eightfold path and reach perfection and help others and chose not to enter nirvana	bodhisattvas	39
8412232895	Region sat on the center of the silk routes and a role as an intermediary between asia and the mediterranean	persia	40
8412232896	Changeover from food gathering to food producing and result transformation of society	neolithic revolution	41
8412232897	Two major social structures during the ancient period	farmers and nomads	42
8412232898	"Eye for an eye" saying comes from	hammurabi's law code	43
8412232899	Early hunting and gathering society differed from early agricultural society tend to be	less likely to base division of labor on gender	44
8412232900	No natural barriers to invasion, one of the four great river civilizations	tigris and euphrates river valley (mesopotamia)	45
8412232901	Difference between egyptian and mesopotamian afterlife	mesopotamia was dark/violent and egyptian afterlife was the continuation of life	46
8412232902	Ancient babylonians create the first	written law codes of history	47
8412232903	List each islamic caliphate and the branch of islam that went with	abbasid - shia (shiite), umayyad - sunni	48
8412232904	Steppe nomads use currency instead of coins	furs	49
8412232905	Two dominant religions in post - classical japan	shintoism and buddhism	50
8412232906	Region of china produce the majority of food in china (and major river)	yangtze river region	51
8412232907	Where did the "heavenly peaches" grow in china during post classical period?	persia	52
8412232908	Chinese dynasty use confucian scholars instead of experienced soldiers as generals	song dynasty	53
8412232909	With hinduism, good deeds accumulate what?	dharma	54
8412232910	What is this and what chinese dynasty did it begin with	footbinding and tang dynasty	55
8412232911	Other than islamic empire, what other region of the world had a giant growth of urban centers during the postclassical period	china + east asia	56
8412232912	Chinese dynasty lost all territory in the chinese north to nomadic invaders	song	57
8412232913	Islamic bank check called	sakk	58
8412232914	Why did women lose so many rights during the tang + song dynasty	male dominant view of neo-confucianism	59
8412232915	Name of capital city of the umayyad caliphate in asia	damascus	60
8412232916	Christianity + buddhism are considered what type of religion	universalizing religion	61
8412232917	Name of the roman empire in the east	byzantine empire	62
8412232918	Who trade slaves to islamic empire to serve as house slaves	vikings/rus (also called)	63
8412232919	Chinese dynasty saw a drastic reduction in rights of women	tang dynasty	64
8412232920	Largest industry in persia during islamic caliphates	textile industry	65
8412232921	How philosophy of legalism view the rule of government	rigourous government enforce strict laws	66
8412232922	Name of two persian empires that invaded greece	darius + xerxes	67
8412232923	Name of emperor of qin dynasty	shi huangdi	68
8412232924	City where ka'aba exist	city of mecca	69
8412232925	Record discussion of muhammad called	hadith	70
8412232926	Branch of islam accept new converts openly under their caliphate and utilized the talents of many cultures	shiites	71
8412232927	Where china find fast ripening rice help double their population during tang + song	vietnam	72
8412232928	List the chinese dynastys in order	xi, shang, zhou, qin, han, sui, tang, song,yuan, ming, qing, republic, mao zedong	73

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