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AP Psychology: Thinking & Language Flashcards

5980338194	Algorithm	a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem	0
5980338204	Availability heuristic	estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common	1
5980338214	Babbling stage	beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language	2
5980338200	Belief perseverance	clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.	3
5980338192	Concept	a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people	4
5980338197	Confirmation bias	a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions	5
5980365893	Creativity	the use of the imagination or original ideas, especially in the production of an artistic work.	6
5980338206	Framing	the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments	7
5980338202	Functional fixedness	the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving	8
5980338211	Grammar	in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others	9
5980338195	Heuristic	a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 398)	10
5980338196	Insight	a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem	11
5980338208	Language	our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning	12
5980338201	Intuition	knowing or sensing something without the use of reason; an insight	13
5980338199	Mental set	A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, especially a way that has been successful in the past but may or may not be helpful in solving a new problem	14
5980392831	Linguistic determinism	the idea that language and its structures limit and determine human knowledge or thought, as well as thought processes such as categorization, memory, and perception. The term implies that people of different languages have different thought processes.	15
5980338210	Morpheme	in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix)	16
5980338198	Fixation	the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving	17
5980338215	One-word stage	the stage in speech development, from about 1 to 2, during which a childspeaks mostly in single words.	18
5980338205	Overconfidence	the tendency to be more confident than correct--to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgments	19
5980338209	Phoneme	in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit	20
5980338203	Representativeness heuristic	judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information	21
5980338212	Semantics	The study of meaning in language.	22
5980338213	Syntax	studies of the rules for forming admissible sentences	23
5980338217	Telegraphic speech	early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram--'go car'--using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting 'auxiliary' words	24
5980338193	Prototype	a mental image or best example of a category	25
5980338216	Two-word stage	Beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements.	26

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AP Literature Vocabulary Set 6 Flashcards

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7870966565	bristled	react angrily or defensively. Synonyms: annoyed, indignant, riled, irritated	0
7870969496	credulous	having or showing too great a readiness to believe things. Synonyms: gullible, naive, unsuspecting, trusting	1
7870972491	enervated	feel drained of energy or vitality. Synonyms: languid, indolent, lethargic	2
7870975025	inane	lacking sense or meaning; silly. Synonyms: ridiculous, mindless, frivolous, empty	3
7870978776	menacing	suggesting the presence of danger; threatening. Synonyms: threatening, ominous, frightening, endangering	4
7870981854	rancorous	characterized by bitterness or resentment. Synonyms: bitter, vengeful, pitiless, unforgiving	5
7870985621	tenacious	tending to keep a firm hold of something; clinging or adhering closely. Synonyms: resolute, obstinate, persistent, determined	6
7870989201	zealous	having or showing zeal. Synonyms: passionate, fervent, ardent, fanatical	7

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Spanish Language and Culture AP Test Prep Flashcards

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4450047359	abajo	under, underneath, below, down	0
4450047360	para abajo	downward	1
4450047361	abandonar	to leave, to forsake, to give up, to abandon	2
4450047362	abarcar	to include, to embrace, to take in	3
4450047363	abastecer	to supply, to purvey	4
4450047364	abatir	to throw down, to overthrow	5
4450047365	abdicar	to abdicate, to leave	6
4450047366	la abeja	bee	7
4450047367	ablandarse (el corazón)	to soften, to mellow, to relent	8
4450047368	abogado	lawyer	9
4450047369	abolir	to abolish	10
4450047370	abonar	to subscribe to, to pay	11
4450047371	abrazar	to hug, to embrace	12
4450047372	el abrazo	hug	13
4450047373	abreviar	to abbreviate	14
4450047374	abrigado	sheltered, protected, clothed warmly	15
4450047375	el abrigo	coat, overcoat	16
4450047376	el abrigo de piel	fur coat	17
4450047377	abrir	to open	18
4450047378	abrochar	to button up, to button down, to buckle up	19
4450047379	abrumar	to crush, to overwhelm, to oppress	20
4450047380	absorber	to absorb, to soak up	21
4450047381	abuelo, -a	grandfather, grandmother	22
4450047382	aburrirse	to get bored, to become bored	23
4450047383	acá y allá	here and there	24
4450047384	acabar(se)	to finish	25
4450047385	acabar con	to end with	26
4450047386	acabar de	to have just + infinitive	27
4450047387	acalorado, -a	hot, heated	28
4450047388	acaramelado, -a	caramel covered	29
4450047389	acaso	perhaps, maybe, by chance	30
4450047390	por si acaso	just in case	31
4450047391	acatar	to respect, to heed	32
4450047392	acceder	to agree, to consent	33
4450047393	el accidente	accident	34
4450047394	la accíon	action	35
4450047395	accionar	to work, to act	36
4450047396	las acciones	stocks	37
4450047397	el aceite	oil	38
4450047398	la aceituna	olive	39
4450047399	acentuar (se)	to accentuate	40
4450047400	aceptar	to accept	41
4450047401	la acequia	irrigation ditch	42
4450047402	la acera	sidewalk, pavement	43
4450047403	acercarse	to approach, to go near	44
4450047404	el acero	steel	45
4450047405	acertar(ie)	to ascertain, to be right, to guess	46
4450047406	aclarar	to clarify	47
4450047407	acoger	to welcome, to make welcome	48
4450047408	acomodado	comfortable	49
4450047409	acomodar	to accomodate	50
4450047410	acompañar	to accompany	51
4450047411	aconsejar	to advise	52
4450047412	acontecer	to happen, to occur, to take place	53
4450047413	el acontecimiento	event, happening	54
4450047414	acordarse de	to remember	55
4450047415	acorralar	to enclose, to corner	56
4450047416	acostarse	to go to bed	57
4450047417	acostumbrar	to be accustomed to	58
4450047418	la actitud	attitude	59
4450047419	la actividad	activity	60
4450047420	la actuación	action, conduct	61
4450047421	actual	present, modern	62
4450047422	la actualidad	present time	63
4450047423	en la actualidad	at the present moment	64
4450047424	actuar	to act, to behave	65
4450047425	acudir	to come	66
4450047426	acudir a	to come to, to aid, to heed	67
4450047427	el acuerdo	agreement, understanding	68
4450047428	de acuerdo con, a	in accordance with	69
4450047429	de mutuo acuerdo	in mutual agreement	70
4450047430	estar de acuerdo con	to be in agreement with	71
4450047431	ponerse de acuerdo	to bring to an agreement	72
4450047432	el acumulador	battery(car)	73
4450047433	acusar	to accuse	74
4450047434	el adagio	adage	75
4450047435	adaptar	to adapt	76
4450047436	adelantar	to move forward, to progress	77
4450047437	¡adelante!	Go on! Come in!	78
4450047438	en adelante	from now on, henceforth, in the future	79
4450047439	adelgazar(se)	to get thin, to slim down	80
4450047440	además	moreover, in addition	81
4450047441	además de	besides	82
4450047442	adentro	inside	83
4450047443	adiestrar	to train, to instruct, to guide	84
4450047444	el adiós	goodbye	85
4450047445	la adivinanza	riddle, prediction	86
4450047446	adivinar	to guess, to divine	87
4450047447	el adivino	magician, fortune-teller, sage	88
4450047448	admirar	to admire	89
4450047449	adoctrinar	to indoctrinate	90
4450047450	adornarse	to adorn oneself	91
4450047451	el adorno	ornament, adornment	92
4450047452	adosar	to lean, to attach	93
4450047453	adquirir	to require	94
4450047454	el advenedizo	upstart	95
4450047455	el advenimiento	coming, arrival, advent	96
4450047456	advertencia	warning, piece of advice	97
4450047457	advertir	to advise, to warn	98
4450047458	el afán	hard work, industry, zeal	99
4450047459	afectar	to affect	100
4450047460	el afecto	affection, fondness	101
4450047461	afianzar	to guarantee, to strengthen, to reinforce	102
4450047462	el aficionado	amateur	103
4450047463	afirmar	to affirm	104
4450047464	afrontarse	to confront, to face up to	105
4450047465	las afueras	outskirts, outside, out-of-doors, suburbs	106
4450047466	agacharse	to lean over, to bend down, to duck	107
4450047467	agarrar	to grasp, to seize	108
4450047468	agasajar	to treat kindly, to regale	109
4450047469	el agente publicitario	publicity agent	110
4450047470	agitar	to shake, to wave, to excite, to rouse	111
4450047471	agitarse	to get excited	112
4450047472	agobiar	to burden	113
4450047473	agonizar	to agonize	114
4450047474	agotarse	to become exhausted	115
4450047475	agraciado	pretty, attractive, graceful	116
4450047476	agradable	agreeable	117
4450047477	agradar	to please	118
4450047478	agradecer	to thank	119
4450047479	agregar	to add	120
4450047480	agrícola	farming, agricultural	121
4450047481	agruparse	to form a group, to crowd together	122
4450047482	el agua	water	123
4450047483	hacerse agua la boca	to make one's mouth water	124
4450047484	el aguacate	avocado	125
4450047485	aguantar	to put up with, to stand, to tolerate, to bear	126
4450047486	aguardar	to wait for, to await	127
4450047487	agudo	sharp	128
4450047488	el águila	eagle	129
4450047489	la aguja	needle	130
4450047490	el agujero	hole	131
4450047491	aguzar	to sharpen	132
4450047492	ahí	there	133
4450047493	de ahí	from there	134
4450047494	el ahijado	godchild, adopted child	135
4450047495	ahogar	to drown	136
4450047496	ahorcar	to hang	137
4450047497	ahorrar(se)	to save	138
4450047498	airoso	ventilated, windy, graceful, elegant	139
4450047499	aislar	to isolate	140
4450047500	el ajedrez	chess	141
4450047501	ajeno	other people's	142
4450047502	el ajo	garlic	143
4450047503	el ajonjolí	sesame	144
4450047504	ajustar	to adjust	145
4450047505	el ala	wing	146
4450047506	alabar	to praise	147
4450047507	la alabanza	praise	148
4450047508	el alambrado	wire netting, wire fencing	149
4450047509	el álamo	poplar tree	150
4450047510	alargar	to lengthen, to prolong	151
4450047511	el alarido	howl, yell, shriek	152
4450047512	el alba	dawn	153
4450047513	albergar	to lodge, to stay	154
4450047514	el alboroto	uproar, disturbance	155
4450047515	la alcachofa	artichoke	156
4450047516	el alcalde	mayor	157
4450047517	el alcance	reach	158
4450047518	al alcance de	within reach of	159
4450047519	tener al alcance	to have within reach	160
4450047520	la alcancía	money box, piggy bank	161
4450047521	alcanzar	to reach, to achieve	162
4450047522	alcanzar la felicidad	to find happiness	163
4450047523	la alcoba	bedroom	164
4450047524	la aldea	village, town	165
4450047525	alegrar	to allege, to claim	166
4450047526	alegrarse	to be happy	167
4450047527	la alegría	happiness	168
4450047528	alejado, -a	faraway	169
4450047529	el alejamiento	estrangement, removal, absence	170
4450047530	alejar(se) de	to back away from, distance oneself from	171
4450047531	el alemán	German	172
4450047532	alentar	to encourage, to inspire	173
4450047533	el alero	eaves (house), fender (of a car)	174
4450047534	la alfarería	pottery, ceramic	175
4450047535	el alfil	bishop (chess)	176
4450047536	la algazara	uproar	177
4450047537	algunas cuantas	some, few	178
4450047538	la alhaja	jewel, gem, piece of jewelry	179
4450047539	la alhambrada	wire fencing, wire netting	180
4450047540	el aliento	breath	181
4450047541	alimentar(se)	to nourish	182
4450047542	el alimento	food	183
4450047543	aliviar	to relieve, to ease, to alleviate	184
4450047544	el alma	soul	185
4450047545	el almacén	department store, shop, warehouse	186
4450047546	la almendra	almond	187
4450047547	el almíbar	syrup (not medicine)	188
4450047548	la almohada	pillow	189
4450047549	el almuerzo	lunch	190
4450047550	alojar	to house, to lodge, to stay a night	191
4450047551	el alpinismo	mountain climbing	192
4450047552	alquilar	to rent	193
4450047553	el alquiler	rent	194
4450047554	alrededor de	around, about, encircling	195
4450047555	los alrededores	the outskirts, the out-of-doors	196
4450047556	el altavoz	speaker	197
4450047557	alto	high, tall, stop	198
4450047558	la altura	height	199
4450047620	aludir	to allude	200
4450047621	el alumbrado	light	201
4450047622	alumbrar	to light, to enlighten	202
4450047623	alusivo	allusive, referring to	203
4450047624	el alza	rise	204
4450047625	el alzamiento	lifting, raising	205
4450047626	alzar	to raise, to lift	206
4450047627	allá	there	207
4450047628	el más allá	the beyond	208
4450047629	más allá	farther on, beyond	209
4450047630	el ama de casa	housewife	210
4450047631	amable	pleasant, agreeable	211
4450047632	el amaestrador	tamer	212
4450047633	amanecer	to get daylight	213
4450047634	la amapola	poppy (flower)	214
4450047635	amar	to love	215
4450047636	amargo	bitter	216
4450047637	el amargor, la amargura	biterness	217
4450047638	amarillo	yellow	218
4450047639	amarrar	to tie up, to make fast, to moor	219
4450047640	la amatista	amethyst	220
4450047641	ambicionar	to on aspire, to strive for, to seek	221
4450047642	ambiental	environmental	222
4450047643	el ambiente	environment	223
4450047644	el medio ambiente	natural environment	224
4450047645	ambos	both	225
4450047646	la amenaza	threat	226
4450047647	amenazar	to threaten	227
4450047648	la ametralladora	machine gun	228
4450047649	amigable	friendly	229
4450047650	la amistad	friendship	230
4450047651	amontonarse	to add up, to amass	231
4450047652	amortizar	to amortize, to pay off	232
4450047653	amparar	to help, to aid	233
4450047654	ampliar	to enlarge	234
4450047655	amplio	wide, large	235
4450047656	la ampolleta	hourglass, electric bulb	236
4450047657	el analfabetismo	illiteracy	237
4450047658	analizar	to analyze	238
4450047659	ancho	wide	239
4450047660	el anciano	old man	240
4450047661	anclar	to moor, to anchor	241
4450047662	andar	to walk	242
4450047663	andar angustiado	to worry, to stew about	243
4450047664	el anfiteatro	amphitheater	244
4450047665	el ángulo	angle	245
4450047666	la angustia	anxiety	246
4450047667	anhelante	yearning, longing	247
4450047668	anhelar	to long for, to pine for, to yearn for	248
4450047669	el anillo	ring	249
4450047670	animar	to animate, to encourage	250
4450047671	animarse a	to take heart, to regain courage	251
4450047672	el ánimo	spirit, will, heart	252
4450047673	el anochecer	to become night	253
4450047674	el ansia	anxiety, worry	254
4450047675	ansioso	anxious	255
4450047676	anteayer	day before yesterday	256
4450047677	el antepasado	ancestor	257
4450047678	anterior	before, anterior	258
4450047679	anticuado	antiquated	259
4450047680	antiguo	old, ancient	260
4450047681	antojar (se)	to fancy, to feel like	261
4450047682	anular	to repeal, to revoke, to invalidate	262
4450047683	anunciar	to announce	263
4450047684	el anuncio	ad, news, announcement	264
4450047685	añadir	to add to, to increase	265
4450047686	el añil	indigo	266
4450047687	el año	year	267
4450047688	año tras año	year after year	268
4450047689	antaño	long ago	269
4450047690	apaciguar	to pacify	270
4450047691	apagado	put out, extinguished	271
4450047692	apagar	to put out, to turn off	272
4450047693	el aparato	machine	273
4450047694	aparecer	to appear, to turn up	274
4450047695	apartar(se)	to depart from, to forsake, to go away a distance	275
4450047696	aparte de	aside from	276
4450047697	apático	apathetic, listless	277
4450047698	el apellido	father's name, family name	278
4450047699	apenas	scarcely	279
4450047700	la apertura	opening, hole	280
4450047701	apetecer	to appeal to, to look tasty	281
4450047702	aplastar	to smash	282
4450047703	aplaudir	to applaud	283
4450047704	aplicar(se)	to apply oneself	284
4450047705	apodar	to nickname	285
4450047706	apoderarse de	to seize, to take power	286
4450047707	apolillado	moth-eaten	287
4450047708	apoltronado	idle, lazy	288
4450047709	aporrear	to hit, to give a beating	289
4450047710	anunciar	to announce	290
4450047711	el anuncio	ad, news, announcement	291
4450047712	añadir	to add to, to increase	292
4450047713	el añil	indigo	293
4450047714	el año	year	294
4450047715	año trans año	year after year	295
4450047716	antaño	long ago	296
4450047717	apaciguar	to pacify	297
4450047718	apagado	put out, extinguished	298
4450047719	apagar	to put out, to turn off	299
4450047720	el aparato	machine	300
4450047721	aparecer	to appear, to turn up	301
4450047722	apartar (se)	to depart from, to forsake, to go away a distance	302
4450047723	aparte de	aside from	303
4450047724	apático	apathetic, listless	304
4450047725	el apellido	father's name, family name	305
4450047726	apenas	scarcely	306
4450047727	la apertura	opening, hole	307
4450056766	apetecer	To be appealing	308

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AP English Literature Vocabulary Flashcards

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4976571073	sardonic	scornfully or cynically mocking	0
4976578641	obtuse	ignorant, simpleminded, annoyingly insensitive or slow to understand	1
4976592553	egregious	shocking, appalling, terrible, awful, horrendous, atrocious	2
4976605933	abhor	hate	3
4976608212	placid	calm; peaceful	4
4976615712	capricious	fickle, variable, mercurial	5
4976618517	rueful	expressing sorrow or regret	6
4976624447	dichotomy	contrast between two entirely different or opposed	7
4976631348	scrupulous	meticulous, thorough, assiduous, extremely attentive to details	8
4976644250	esoteric	intended for or likely to be understood by only a small number of people with a specialized knowledge or interest	9
4976650356	ennui	boredom	10

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Flashcards

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AP Literature Terms Flashcards

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7951217745	allegory	story or poem that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning	0
7951217746	alliteration	closely connected words that begin with the same sound	1
7951217747	allusion	a reference to another story (literature, art, history, myth)	2
7951217748	anaphora	successive phrases or clauses that begin with the same words	3
7951217749	antagonist	the character or force that opposes the main character	4
7951217750	apostrophe	a direct address to an inanimate object or a person/character who is not present	5
7951217751	slant rhyme	words in rhyming pattern that sound alike; an imperfect rhyme	6
7951217752	aside	when a character's dialogue is spoken but not heard by other actors on the stage	7
7951217753	assonance	repetition of vowel sounds within words	8
7951217754	blank verse	poetry written in meter without an rhyme scheme	9
7951217755	cacophony	blend of unharmonious sounds	10
7951217756	caesura	pause in the middle of a line	11
7951217757	catharsis	the release of emotions through art (emotional cleanse)	12
7951217758	flat character	story character who have no depth, usually has one personality or characteristic	13
7951217759	round character	character who has complex personality: contradicted person	14
7951217760	dynamic character	a character who changes throughout the story	15
7951217761	static character	person who doesn't change throughout story keeps same personality	16
7951217762	characterization	process of revealing a character's personality	17
7951217763	climax	point where conflict hits its highest point; the turning point in a story	18
7951217764	comedy	drama that is amusing or funny; drama that has a happy ending	19
7951217765	conflict	struggle between opposing forces	20
7951217766	connotation	meanings and feelings associated with a word	21
7951217767	consonance	repetition of same consonant in words close together	22
7951217768	couplet	two rhyming lines in a verse	23
7951217769	denotation	the dictionary definition of a word	24
7951217770	denouement	final outcome of the story	25
7951217771	deus ex machina	resolution of a plot by chance or coincidence	26
7951217772	didactic writing	writing with a primary purpose to teach or preach	27
7951217773	direct presentation of character	author telling the reader how a character is and what actions it will do further in the story	28
7951217774	double rhyme	a feminine rhyme involving one stressed and one unstressed syllable in each rhyming line	29
7951217775	dramatic exposition	prose commentaries, to provide background information about the characters and their world	30
7951217776	end rhyme	rhymes occurring at the end of line	31
7951217777	end-stopped line	line ending in regular punctuation	32
7951217778	Elizabethan or Shakespearean sonnet	a sonnet rhyming ababcdcdededgg	33
7951217779	epiphany	sudden realization or spiritual insight (by a character)	34
7951217780	euphony	pleasant arrangement of sounds	35
7951217781	extended figure	A figure of speech sustained or developed through a considerable number of lines or through a whole poem.	36
7951217782	falling action	Events after the climax, leading to the resolution	37
7951217783	feminine rhyme	a rhyme between stressed syllables followed by one or more unstressed syllables	38
7951217784	figurative language	Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.	39
7951217785	figure of speech	a way of saying something other than the ordinary way	40
7951217786	foot	basic unit in the scansion or measurement of verse, made up of stressed and unstressed syllables	41
7951217787	form	external pattern or shape of a poem	42
7951217788	free verse	Poetry that does not have a regular meter or rhyme scheme	43
7951217789	hamartia	tragic decision or flaw which causes a character's downfall	44
7951217790	imagery	Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)	45
7951217791	indirect characterization	the personality of a character is revealed by what he or she does or says	46
7951217792	internal rhyme	A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line	47
7951217793	irony	In general, a contrast between expectation and reality	48
7951217794	verbal irony	A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant	49
7951217795	dramatic irony	Irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience/reader but not by the characters in the play/story.	50
7951217796	situational irony	refers to an occurrence that is contrary to what is expected or intended	51
7951217797	Italian or Petrarchan sonnet	A sonnet consisting of an octave with the rhyme pattern abbaabba, followed by a sestet with the rhyme pattern cdecde or cdcdcd	52
7951217798	masculine rhyme	A rhyme ending on the final stressed syllable	53
7951217799	melodrama	a play based upon a dramatic plot and developed sensationally	54
7951217800	metaphor	A comparison without using like or as	55
7951217801	meter	A regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry	56
7951217802	metonymy	A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it	57
7951217803	motivation	A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior	58
7951217804	narrator	Person telling the story	59
7951217805	octave	segment of poetry eight lines long	60
7951217806	onomatopoeia	A word that imitates the sound it represents.	61
7951217807	hyperbole	A figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor	62
7951217808	oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.	63
7951217809	paradox	A contradiction or dilemma	64
7951217810	paraphrase	A restatement of a text or passage in your own words.	65
7951217811	personification	A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes	66
7951217812	plot	Sequence of events in a story	67
7951217813	point of view	The perspective from which a story is told	68
7951217814	omniscient point of view	The point of view where the narrator knows everything about the characters and their problems - told in the 3rd person.	69
7951217815	third person limited point of view	narrator tells the story from only one character's pov	70
7951217816	first person point of view	a character in the story is actually telling the story himself/herself	71
7951217817	objective point of view	a narrator who is totally impersonal and objective tells the story, with no comment on any characters or events.	72
7951217818	protagonist	Main character	73
7951217819	quatrain	segment of poetry four lines long	74
7951217820	rhythm	The pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in writing	75
7951217821	rhyme scheme	A regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem	76
7951217822	rising action	Events leading up to the climax	77
7951217823	sarcasm	the use of irony to mock or convey contempt	78
7951217824	satire	A literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.	79
7951217825	scansion	Analysis of verse into metrical patterns	80
7951217826	sestet	segment of poetry six lines long	81
7951217827	setting	The context in time and place in which the action of a story occurs.	82
7951217828	simile	A comparison using "like" or "as"	83
7951217829	soliloquy	A long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage	84
7951217830	sonnet	14 line poem	85
7951217831	stanza	A group of lines in a poem	86
7951217832	stream of consciousness	private thoughts of a character without commentary	87
7951217833	syllabic verse	Verse measured by the number of syllables rather than the number of feet per line.	88
7951217834	symbol	A thing that represents or stands for something else	89
7951217835	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa	90
7951217836	synesthesia	describing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound")	91
7951217837	tercet	segment of poetry three lines long	92
7951217838	terza rima	a verse form with a rhyme scheme: aba bcb cdc, etc.	93
7951217839	theme	Central idea of a work of literature	94
7951217840	tone	Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character	95
7951217841	tragedy	A serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character	96
7951217842	truncation	A line of poetry that has been shortened	97
7951217843	understandment	the deliberate representation of something as lesser in magnitude than it actually is; a deliberate under-emphasis	98
7951217844	verse	writing arranged with a metrical rhythm, typically having a rhyme	99
7951217845	villanelle	a nineteen-line poem with two rhymes throughout, consisting of five tercets and a quatrain, with the first and third lines of the opening tercet recurring alternately at the end of the other tercets and with both repeated at the close of the concluding quatrain.	100
7951217846	polysyndenton	the use of more conjunctions than is grammatically necessary	101
7951217847	asyndeton	the elimination of conjunctions	102
7951217848	epistrophe	the repetition of words at the ENDS of successive phrases or clauses	103
7951217849	antimetabole (also called chiasmus)	rhetorical device in which a phrase or sentence is repeated, but in reverse order	104
7951217850	enjambment	the continuation of the sense and grammatical construction from one line of poetry to the next	105
7951217851	conceit	an extended metaphor; an ingenious and fanciful notion or conception, usually expressed through an elaborate analogy, and pointing to a striking parallel between two seemingly dissimilar things	106
7951217852	epic simile or Homeric simile	an extended simile; often used in epic poetry	107
7951217853	parallelism	successive lines of writing that follow the same grammatical structure	108

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AP Literature Review Terms Flashcards

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9630173753	allegory	story or poem that can be used to reveal a hidden meaning The representation of abstract ideas or principals by characters, figures, or events in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form.	0
9630173754	alliteration	beginning of same letter or sound in closely connected words The repitition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of several words in a line of poetry	1
9630173755	allusion	indirect of passing reference Reference to someone or something that is known from history literature, religion, politics, sports, science, or another branch of culture. An indirect reference to something (usually in literature)	2
9630173756	anaphora	repetition in first part of a sentence , to have an artistic meaning Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive lines in a poem.	3
9630173757	antagonist	a hostile person who is opposed to another character The protagonist's adversary	4
9630173758	apostrophe	the figure of speech used to address an imaginary character When a character speaks to a character or object that is not present or is unable to respond	5
9630173759	approximate rhyme	words in rhyming pattern that sound alike	6
9630173760	aside	when a character's dialogue is spoken but not heard by other actors on the stage	7
9630173761	assonance	repetition of vowel sounds	8
9630173762	blank verse	poetry written in meter without an ending rhyme Name for unrhymed iambic pentameter. An iamb is a metrical foot in which an unstressed syllable is followed by a stressed syllable. In iambic pentameter there are five iambs per line making ten syllables.	9
9630173763	cacophony	blend of unharmonious sounds	10
9630173764	caesura	pause in the middle of a line	11
9630173765	catharsis	the release of emotions through art (emotional cleanse)	12
9630173766	round character	character who has complex personality: contradicted person	13
9630173767	dynamic character	changes throughout the story, through major conflict	14
9630173768	static character	person who doesn't change throughout story keeps same personality	15
9630173769	characterization	process of revealing characters personality	16
9630173770	climax	point where conflict hits its highest point	17
9630173771	comedy	drama that is amusing or funny	18
9630173772	conflict	struggle between opposing forces	19
9630173773	connotation	secondary meaning to a word	20
9630173774	consonance	repetition of same consonant in words close together	21
9630173775	couplet	two rhyming lines in a verse	22
9630173776	denotation	the literal meaning of a word	23
9630173777	denouement	final outcome of the story	24
9630173778	deus ex machina	resolution of a plot by chance or coincidence	25
9630173779	direct presentation of character	author telling the reader how a character is and what actions it will do further in the story	26
9630173780	double rhyme	rhyme where the repeated vowel is in the second last syllable of words involved (ex; born scorn)	27
9630173781	dramatic exposition	prose commentaries, to provide background information about the characters and their world	28
9630173782	end rhyme	rhymes occurring at the end of line	29
9630173783	English sonnet	a sonnet rhyming ababcdcdededgg	30
9630173784	epiphany	when a character receives a spiritual insight into they life	31
9630173785	euphony	smooth choice and arrangement of sounds	32
9630173786	extended figure	A figure of speech sustained or developed through a considerable number of lines or through a whole poem.	33
9630173787	falling action	Events after the climax, leading to the resolution	34
9630173788	feminine rhyme	lines rhymed by their final two syllables Term that refers to an unstressed extra syllable at the end of a line of iambic pentameter	35
9630173789	figurative language	Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.	36
9630173790	figure of speech	a way of saying something other than the ordinary way	37
9630173791	form	external pattern or shape of a poem	38
9630173792	free verse	Poetry that does not have a regular meter or rhyme scheme	39
9630173793	hamartia	tragic flaw which causes a character's downfall	40
9630173794	imagery	Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)	41
9630173795	indirect presentation of character	the personality of a character is revealed by what he or she does or says	42
9630173796	internal rhyme	A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line	43
9630173797	irony	A contrast between expectation and reality	44
9630173798	verbal irony	A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant	45
9630173799	dramatic irony	Irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play.	46
9630173800	irony of situation	refers to an occurrence that is contrary to what is expected or intended	47
9630173801	italian sonnet	A sonnet consisting of an octave with the rhyme pattern abbaabba, followed by a sestet with the rhyme pattern cdecde or cdcdcd	48
9630173802	masculine rhyme	A rhyme ending on the final stressed syllable Stressed extra syllable at the end of a line	49
9630173803	melodrama	a play based upon a dramatic plot and developed sensationally	50
9630173804	metaphor	A comparison without using like or as	51
9630173805	metonymy	A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it	52
9630173806	motivation	A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior	53
9630173807	narrator	Person telling the story First Person - The narrator is a character in the story Third Person Objective: The narrator does not tell what anyone is thinking; the "fly on a wall" Third Person Limited: The narrator is able to tell the thoughts of one of the characters Third Person Omniscient: The narrator is able to tell the thoughs of any character	54
9630173808	onomatopoeia	A word that imitates the sound it represents.	55
9630173809	hyperbole	A figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor	56
9630173810	oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.	57
9630173811	paradox	A contradiction or dilemma	58
9630173812	personification	A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes	59
9630173813	omniscient point of view	The point of view where the narrator knows everything about the characters and their problems - told in the 3rd person.	60
9630173814	third person limited point of view	narrator tells the story from only one character's pov	61
9630173815	first person point of view	a character in the story is actually telling the story himself/herself	62
9630173816	objective point of view	a narrator who is totally impersonal and objective tells the story, with no comment on any characters or events.	63
9630173817	protagonist	Main character	64
9630173818	rhythm	A regularly recurring sequence of events or actions.	65
9630173819	rhyme scheme	A regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem	66
9630173820	rising action	Events leading up to the climax	67
9630173821	sarcasm	the use of irony to mock or convey contempt	68
9630173822	satire	A literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.	69
9630173823	setting	The context in time and place in which the action of a story occurs.	70
9630173824	simile	A comparison using "like" or "as"	71
9630173825	soliloquy	A long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage	72
9630173826	sonnet	14 line poem	73
9630173827	stanza	A group of lines in a poem	74
9630173828	stream of consciousness	private thoughts of a character without commentary	75
9630173829	syllabic verse	Verse measured by the number of syllables rather than the number of feet per line.	76
9630173830	symbol	A thing that represents or stands for something else	77
9630173831	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa	78
9630173832	synesthesia	describing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound")	79
9630173833	theme	Central idea of a work of literature	80
9630173834	tone	Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character	81
9630173835	tragedy	A serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character	82
9630173836	truncation	Utilizing a melody with part of the end omitted.	83
9630173837	understandment	the deliberate representation of something as lesser in magnitude than it actually is; a deliberate under-emphasis	84
9630173838	verse	A single line of poetry writing arranged with a metrical rhythm, typically having a rhyme	85
9630173839	Ambiguity	When an author leaves out details or information or is unclear about an event so the reader will use his/her imagination to fill in the blanks.	86
9630173840	Anecdote	A shore story or joke told at the beginning of a speech to gain the audience's attention.	87
9630173841	Anti-climatic	When the ending of the plot in poetry or prose is unfulfilling or lackluster	88
9630173842	Antithesis	Balancing words, phrases, or ideas that are strongly contrasted, often by means of grammatical structure	89
9630173843	Antihero	Central character who lacks all the qualities traditionally associated with heroes. May lack courage, grace, intelligence, or moral scruples	90
9630173844	Anthropomorphism	Attributing human characteristics to an animal or inanimate object	91
9630173845	Climax	The turning point in the plot or the high point of action	92
9630173846	Colloquial Language	Informal, conversational language. Typically phrases that are indicative of a specific region.	93
9630173847	Conceit	An elaborate metaphor that compares two things that are startlingly different.	94
9630173848	Connotation	An idea or meaning suggested by or associated with a word or thing - Bat = evil	95
9630173849	Convention	An understanding between a reader and a writer about certain details of a story that does not need to be explained	96
9630173850	Couplet	A pair of rhymed lines that may or may not constitute a separate stanza in a poem.	97
9630173851	Didactic	From the Greek, didactic literally means "teaching." Didactic words have the primary aim of teaching or instructing,especially the teaching of moral or ethical principles.	98
9630173852	Diction	The choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing	99
9630173853	Denouement	The final resolution or clarification of a dramatic or narrative plot.	100
9630173854	Doppelganger	The alter ego of a character- the suppressed side of one's personality that is usually unaccepted by society.	101
9630173855	Elegy	A poem or song composed especially as a lament for a deceased person.	102
9630173856	Emotive Language	Deliberate use of language by a writer to instill a feeling or visual.	103
9630173857	Enjambment	A line having no pause or end punctuation but having uninterrupted grammatical meaning continuing into the next line.	104
9630173858	Epic	A long narrative poem, written in heightened language, which recounts the deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of a particular society	105
9630173859	Epilogue	A short poem or speech spoken directly to the audience following the conclusion of a play, or in a novel the epilogue is a short explanation at the end of the book which indicates what happens after the plot ends.	106
9630173860	Epiphany	Sudden enlightenment or realization, a profound new outlook or understanding about the world usually attained while doing everyday mundane activities.	107
9630173861	Epistolary	Used to describe a novel that tells its story through letters written from one character to another.	108
9630173862	Epithet	A word or phrase preceding or following a name which serves to describe the character. Ex: Alexander the Great.	109
9630173863	Euphemism	A mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing The act of substituting a harsh, blunt, or offensive comment for a more politically accepted or positive one	110
9630173864	Euphony	A succession of words which are pleasing to the ear. These words may be alliterative, utilize consonance, or assonance and are often used in poetry but also seen in prose	111
9630173865	Fable	A usually short narrative making an edifying or cautionary point and often employing as characters animals that speak and act like humans	112
9630173866	Farce	A type of comedy in which ridiculous and often stereotyped characters are involved in silly, far-fetched situations	113
9630173867	Flashback	When a character remembers a past event that is relevant to the current action of the story.	114
9630173868	Flat Character	A literary character whose personality can be defined by one or two traits and does not change over the course of the story. Flat characters are usually minor or insignificant characters	115
9630173869	Foil	A character that by contrast underscores or enhances the distinctive characteristics of another	116
9630173870	Folklore	The traditional beliefs, myths, tales, and practices of a people, transmitted orally.	117
9630173871	Foreshadowing	Clues in the text about incidents that will occur later in the plot, foreshadowing creates anticipation in the novel	118
9630173872	Heroine	A woman noted for courage and daring action or the female protagonist	119
9630173873	Hubris	used in Greek tragedies, refers to excessive pride that usually leads to a hero's downfall	120
9630173874	Hyperbole	A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or comic/dramatic effect.	121
9630173875	Illocution	Language that avoids meaning of the words. When we speak, sometimes we conceal intentions or sidestep the true subject of a conversation. Writing illocution expresses two stories, one of which is not apparent to the characters, but is apparent to the reader. For example, if two characters are discussing a storm on the surface it may seem like a simple discussion of the weather, however, the reader should interpret the underlying meaning that the relationship is in turmoil, chaos, is unpredictable, As demonstrated the story contains an underlying meaning or parallel meanings	122
9630173876	In medias res	A story that begins in the middle of things	123
9630173877	Inversion	In poetry is an intentional digression from ordinary word order which is used to maintain regular meter. For example, rather than saying "the rain came" a poem my say "came the rain". Meter can be formed by the insertion or absence of a pause.	124
9630173878	Irony	When one thing should occur, is apparent, or in logical sequence but the opposite actually occurs. Example: A man in the ocean might say, "Water, water everywhere and not a drop to drink."	125
9630173879	Juxtaposition	Poetic and rhetorical device in which normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to one another, creating an effect of surprise and wit	126
9630173880	Litotes	(pronounced almost like "little tee") - a form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite. Litote is the opposite of hyperbole. Examples: "Not a bad idea," "Not many," "It isn't very serious. I have this tiny little tumor on the brain" (Salinger, Catcher in the Rye).	127
9630173881	Local Color	a term applied to fiction or poetry which tends to place special emphasis on a particular setting, including its customs, clothing, dialect and landscape.	128
9630173882	Memoir	an account based on the author's personal experiences	129
9630173883	Metaphor	A comparison between two objects with the intent of giving clearer meaning to one of them. Often forms of the "to be" verb are used, such as "is" or "was", to make the comparison	130
9630173884	Motif	A recurrent image word phrase represented object or action that tends to unify the literary work or that may be elaborated into a more general theme	131
9630173885	First Person Point of View	a character in the story is actually telling the story himself/herself	132
9630173886	Third Person Objective Point of View	The narrator is an outsider who can report only what he or she sees and hears. This narrator can tell us what is happening, but he can't tell us the thoughts of the characters.	133
9630173887	Third Person Omniscient Point of View	Point of view in which an all-knowing narrator who is privy to the thoughts and actions of any or all characters.	134
9630173888	Third Person Limited Point of View	This type of point of view presents the feelings and thoughts of only one character, presenting only the actions of all remaining characters	135
9630173889	Novella	A shorter fictional prose narrative that ranges from 50-100 pages in length.	136
9630173890	Neutral Language	Language opposite from emotive language as it is literal or even objective in nature.	137
9630173891	Oblique Ryhme	Imperfect rhyme scheme	138
9630173892	Ode	a lyric poem in the form of an address to a particular subject, often elevated in style or manner and written in varied or irregular meter	139
9630173893	Onomatopoeia	A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. Simple examples include such words as buzz, hiss, hum, crack, whinny, and murmur. If you note examples of onomatopoeia in an essay passage, note the effect.	140
9630173894	Parable	A simple story that illustrates a moral or religious lesson	141
9630173895	Parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. It exploits peculiarities of an author's expression (propensity to use too many parentheses, certain favorite words, etc.) Well-written parody offers enlightenment about the original, but poorly written parody offers only ineffectual imitation. nuances of the newer work. Occasionally, however, parodies take on a life of their own and don't require knowledge of the original.	142
9630173896	Poetic Justice	Is a term that describes a character "getting what he deserves: in the end, especially if wat he deserves is punishment. The prest form of poetic justice results when one character pots against another but ends up being caught in his or her own trap.	143
9630173897	Prologue	a separate introductory section of a literary or musical work	144
9630173898	Pun	A play on words. In an argument, a pun usually calls humorous attention to particular point. He kept waving at the princess. He was a devoted fan.	145
9630173899	Refrain	A line or set of lines repeated several times over the course of a poem.	146
9630173900	Rhetoric	From the Greek for "orator," this term describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively.	147
9630173901	Rites of Passage	An incident which creates tremendous growth signifying a transition from adolescence to adulthood.	148
9630173902	Resolution	End of the story where loose ends are tied up	149
9630173903	Style	The consideration of style has two purposes: (1) An evaluation of the sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other We can analyze and describe an author's personal style and make judgments on how appropriate it is to the author's purpose. Styles can be called flowery, explicit, succinct, rambling, bombastic, commonplace, incisive, laconic, etc. (2) Classification of authors to a group and comparison of an author to similar authors. By means of such classification and comparison, we can see how an author's style reflects and helps to define a historical period, such as the Renaissance or the Victorian period, or a literary movement, such as the romantic, transcendental, or realist movement.	150
9630173904	Understatement	A statement that says less than what is meant	151

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AP Literature Authors Flashcards

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8459381118	Their Eyes Were Watching God	Zora Neale Hurston	0
8459381119	East of Eden	John Steinbeck	1
8459385148	Wise Blood	Flannery O'Connor	2
8459388099	The Tempest	William Shakespeare	3
8459391658	A Streetcar Named Desire	Tennessee Williams	4
8459395291	Waiting for Godot	Samuel Beckett	5

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AP Language Midterm Vocabulary Flashcards

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5563566488	ambivalent	of two minds, undecided	0
5563567999	antipathetic	repulsed, feeling or expressing hostility	1
5563571148	didactic	instructive, esp. "moralizing"	2
5563574882	doleful	mournful, dismal, sad, dejected, woeful, despondent	3
5563578367	enjoining	forceful, prohibiting or forbidding, imposing	4
5563581647	insouciant	carefree, indifferent, calm, and unbothered	5
5563583502	lugubrious	mournful, dismal, sad, dejected, woeful, despondent	6
5563586435	pedantic	unnecessarily focused on trivial or insignificant or dull facts, arcane	7
5563595874	polemical	argumentative, esp. against a philosophy, religion	8
5563601068	querulous	whiny, complaining, petulant	9
5563603058	sardonic	disdainfully sarcastic, mocking, derisive	10
5563610885	conflate	combine (2 or more texts) into one	11
5563621083	scare tactic	stampedes legitimate fears into panic or prejudice	12
5563623168	either/or fallacy	reduces a complex issue into only 2 choices	13
5563628300	slippery slope	casts today's tiny misstep as tomorrow's slide into disaster	14
5563634580	sentimental appeal	uses tender emotions excessively to distract from facts	15
5563637803	bandwagon appeal	urges people to follow the same path everyone else is taking	16
5563643046	false authority	cites themselves or other authorities	17
5563648396	dogmatism	attempts to persuade by asserting or assuming that a particular position is the only one conceivably acceptable within a community	18
5563664336	moral equivalence	suggests that serious wrongdoings don't differ from minor offenses (or visa versa)	19
5563670333	ad hominem	attacks the character of a person rather than the claims he/she makes	20
5563673547	hasty generalization	infers from insufficient evidence	21
5563677294	faulty causality	assumes that because one event or action follows another, the first causes the second	22
5563680527	begging the question, circular reasoning	assumes as true the very claim that's disputed	23
5563684272	equivocation	uses tricks of language and half-truth	24
5563690293	nonsequitur	makes claims that fail to connect logically	25
5563692007	straw man	misrepresents the argument of the other side to make it easy to knock down	26
5563695331	faulty analogy	pushes comparisons to far	27
5563700200	acerbic	bitter, caustic, barbed, cutting	28
5563702230	reverent	deferential, worshipful, respectful	29
5563703906	condescending	patronizing, haughty, arrogant	30
5563712789	judicious	sensible, cautious	31
5563712790	sobering	making someone give serious thought to important things	32
5563715214	invective	diatribe, attack, abuse, criticism	33
5563717378	esoteric	obscure, cryptic, arcane, mysterious	34
5563720815	opprobrious	critical, scornful, contemptuous, disgraceful, shameful	35
5563742350	repugnance	disgust, revulsion	36
5563746777	raillery	humorous, playful, or friendly ridiculing of someone	37
5563755563	ad populum (bandwagon appeal)	latin for "to the people," this fallacy occurs when evidence used to defend an argument boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do."	38
5563811630	allegory	a literary work that portrays that abstract ideas concretely	39
5563818156	alliteration	repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of several words or syllable in sequences	40
5563832078	allusion	brief reference to a person, an event, or a place (real or fictitious) or to a work of art	41
5563842529	analogy	a comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things	42
5563850882	anaphora	repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines	43
5563855318	anecdote	brief story used to illustrate a point or claim	44
5563857685	annotation	the taking of notes directly on a text	45
5563883273	antimetable	repetition of words in reverse order	46
5563885372	antithesis	opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction	47
5563893265	apostrophe	a direct address to an abstraction, a thing, an animal, or an imaginary or absent person	48
5563899630	appeal to false authority	this fallacy occurs when someone who has no credibility to speak on an issue is cited as an authority.	49
5563936702	archaic diction	old-fashioned or outdated choice of words	50
5563948675	argument	a process of reasoned inquiry.	51
5563950756	assertion	a statement that presents a claim or thesis	52
5563954849	assonance	the repetition of vowel sounds in a sequence of words	53
5563957849	asyndeton	omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words	54
5563976186	audience	the listener, viewer, or reader of a text	55
5563980397	backing	further assurances or data without which the assumption lacks authority	56
5563992310	begging the question	a fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt	57
5564003553	bias	a prejudice or preconceived notion that prevents a person from approaching a topic in a neutral or an objective way	58
5564013489	blank verse	rhymed iambic pentameter	59
5564019183	caesura	a pause within a line of poetry, sometimes punctuated, sometimes not, that often mirrors natural speech	60
5564030980	characterization	the method by which author builds, or reveals, a character; it can be direct or indirect	61
5564039667	circular reasoning	a fallacy in which the argument repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence	62
5564043126	claim	also called an assertion or proposition, a claim states the argument's main idea or position	63
5564220558	claim of fact	asserts that something is true or not true	64
5564226469	claim of policy	proposes a change	65
5564228605	claim of value	argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong	66
5564233318	classical oration	five-part argument structure used by classical rhetoricians.	67
5564241682	introduction	introduces the reader to the subject under discussion	68
5564243722	narration	provides factual information and background material on the subject at hand or establishes why the subject is a problem that needs addressing	69
5564248349	confirmation	usually the major part of the text, the confirmation includes the proof needed to make the writer's case	70
5564256064	refutation	addresses the counterargument	71
5564258002	conclusion	brings the essay to satisfying close	72
5564265747	closed thesis	statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make	73
5564269558	complex sentence	a sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	74
5564273989	compound sentence	a sentence that includes at least two independent clause	75
5564287047	concession	an acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasoning	76
5564292482	connotation	meanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition, or denotation	77
5564303524	context	the circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text	78
5564309365	counterargument	an opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward	79
5564315204	counterargument thesis	type of thesis statement that includes a brief counterargument	80
5564323305	cumulative sentence	a sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on	81
5564326490	deduction	logical process wherein you reach a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth and applying it to a specific case	82
5564332304	diction	a speaker's choice of words	83
5564335970	ekphrasis	art or writing comments on another genre	84
5564355401	enjambment	a poetic technique in which one line ends without a pause and continues to the next line to complete its meaning also referred to as a "run-on line"	85
5564364755	enthymeme	essentially, a syllogism with one of the premises implied and taken for granted as true	86
5564367291	epigram	a short, witty statement designed to surprise an audience or a reader	87
5564369895	epigraph	a quotation preceding a work of literature that helps set the text's mood or suggests its themes	88
5564377411	equivocation	a fallacy that uses a term with two or more meanings in an attempt to misrepresent or deceive	89
5564392036	ethos	Greek for "character"	90
5564393725	eulogy	a poem, speech, or another work written in great praise of something or someone	91
5564405178	faulty analogy	a fallacy that occurs when an analogy compares not comparable	92
5564410514	figurative language	non literal language, often evoking strong imagery, sometimes referred to as a trope	93
5564432813	first-hand evidence	evidence based on something the writer knows, whether from personal experience, observation, or general knowledge of events	94
5564442351	form	refers to defining structural characteristics of work, especially a poem	95
5564447520	hasty generalization	a fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence	96
5564459019	hortative sentence	sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action	97
5564463548	hyperbole	deliberate exaggeration used for emphasis or to produce a comic or an ironic effect; an overstatement to make a point	98
5564481863	iambic pentameter	an iamb, the most common metrical foot in English poetry, is made up of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one	99
5564494122	imagery	a description of how something looks, feels, tastes, smells, or sounds	100
5564503932	imperative sentence	sentence used to command or enjoin	101
5564508030	induction (generalization)	logical process wherein you reason from particulars to universals, using specific cases in order to draw a conclusion	102
5564514882	inversion	inverted order of words in a sentence	103
5564516471	dramatic irony	tension created by the contrast between what a characters says or thinks and what the audience or readers know to be true	104
5564528747	situational irony	a discrepancy between what is expected and what actually happens	105
5564531809	verbal irony	figure of speech that occurs when a speaker or character says one thing but means something else or when what is said is opposite of what is expected	106
5564539049	juxtaposition	placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences	107
5564542931	logical fallacies	often arise form a failure to make a logical connection between the claim and evidence to support it	108
5564556389	logos	Greek for "embodied thought"	109
5564558434	metaphor	figure of speech that compares two things without using like or as	110
5564561345	meter	formal, regular organization of stressed and unstressed syllables, measured in feet	111

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