| CourseNotes

AP Literature and Composition Vocabulary Flashcards

2496057278	abstract	a style in writing that is typically complex, discusses intangible qualities like good and evil, and seldom uses examples to support its points	0
2496057279	academic	an adjective describing style; dry and theoretical writing; piece of writing seems to be sucking all the life out of its subject with analysis	1
2496057280	accent	in poetry, the stressed portion of a word; sometimes set, often a matter of opinion	2
2496057281	aesthetic	adj.: "appealing to the senses"; noun: coherent (logically connected) sense of taste	3
2496057282	aesthetics	the study of beauty; "What is beauty?" "Is the beautiful always good?"	4
2496057283	allegory	a story in which each aspect of the story has a symbolic meaning outside the tale itself; many fables have this quality; true ones are even more hard and fast; example: Orwell's Animal Farm	5
2496057284	alliteration	the repetition of INITIAL consonant sounds; consonant clusters coming closely cramped and compressed	6
2496057285	allusion	a reference to another work or famous figures; can be classical (refers to Greek and Roman mythology or literature), topical (refers to current event), or popular (refers to something from pop culture--TV show or hit movie)	7
2496057286	anachronism	Greek for "misplaced in time"; something or someone that isn't in its correct historical or chronological time--i.e., Brutus wearing a watch	8
2496057287	analogy	a comparison usually involving two or more symbolic parts; employed to clarify an action or relationship	9
2496057288	anecdote	a short narrative	10
2496057289	antecedent	the word, phrase, or clause that determines what a pronoun refers to	11
2496057290	anthropomorphism	when inanimate objects, animals, or natural phenomena are given human characteristics, behaviour, or motivation--"In the forest, the darkness waited for me, I could hear its patient breathing."	12
2496057291	anticlimax	occurs when an action produces far smaller results than one had been led to expect; frequently comic	13
2496057292	antihero	a protagonist who is markedly unheroic: morally weak, cowardly, dishonest, or any number of other unsavory qualities	14
2496057293	aphorism	a short and usually witty saying; astute observation--"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely." (Lord Acton)	15
2496057294	apostrophe	a figure of speech wherein the speaker talks directly to something that is nonhuman, absent, or dead	16
2496057295	archaism	the use of deliberately old-fashioned language, used to create a feeling of antiquity	17
2496057296	aside	a speech (usually just a short comment) made by an actor to the audience, as though momentarily stepping outside of the action on stage	18
2496057297	aspect	a trait or characteristic	19
2496057298	assonance	the repeated use of vowel sounds--"Old king Cole was a merry old soul."	20
2496057299	atmosphere	the emotional tone or background that surrounds a scene	21
2496057300	ballad	a long, narrative poem, usually in regular meter and rhyme; typically has a naive folksy quality that sets it apart from epic poetry	22
2496057301	bathos	when the writing of a scene strains for grandeur it can't support and tries to jerk tears from every little hiccup; intends to be dramatic but goes to the extreme of becoming ridiculous	23
2496057302	pathos	when the writing of a scene evokes feelings of dignified pity and sympathy	24
2496057303	black humor	the use of disturbing themes in comedy; morbid humor used to express the absurdity, insensitivity, paradox, and cruelty of the modern world, ordinary characters or situations exaggerated beyond normal limits of satire or irony	25
2496057304	bombast	pretentious, exaggeratedly learned language; one tries to be eloquent by using the largest, most uncommon words	26
2496057305	burlesque	broad parody, one that takes a style or form, such as tragic drama, and exaggerates it into ridiculousness; achieves its effects through caricature, ridicule, and distortion, devoid of any ethical element; interchangeable with parody	27
2496057306	cacophony	using deliberately harsh, awkward sounds--the sound of midday traffic	28
2496057307	cadence	the beat or rhythm of poetry in a general sense e.g., iambic pentameter; can be gentle and pulsing, conversational, and even vigorous, marching	29
2496057308	canto	the name for a section division in a long work of poetry; divides a long poem into parts the way chapters divide a novel--like in Dante's Inferno	30
2496057309	caricature	a portrait (verbal or otherwise) that exaggerates a facet of personality	31
2496057310	catharsis	drawn from Aristotle's writings on tragedy; refers to the "cleansing" of emotion an audience member experiences, having lived (vicariously) through the experiences presented on stage; purging of emotions through a form of art, in this case, literature	32
2496057311	chorus	the group of citizens who stand outside the main action on stage and comment on it	33
2496057312	classic	typical; an accepted masterpiece	34
2496057313	classical	refers to the arts of ancient Greece and Rome and the qualities of those arts	35
2496057314	coinage (tech. term: neologism)	a new word, usually one invented on the spot	36
2496057315	colloquialism	a word or phrase used in everyday conversational English that isn't a part of accepted "schoolbook" English; slang words, informal English	37
2496057316	complex, dense	two terms carrying the similar meaning of suggesting that there is more than one posibilty in the meaning of words (image, idea, opposition); there are subtleties and variations; there are multiple layers of interpretation; the meaning is both explicit and implicit	38
2496057317	conceit	refers to a startling or unusual metaphor, or to a metaphor developed and expanded upon over several lines	39
2496057318	controlling image	when the image of conceit dominates and shapes the entire work	40
2496057319	connotation	what a word suggests or implies, not its literal meaning--i.e., dark meaning dangerous instead lacking of light	41
2496057320	denotation	the literal meaning of a word	42
2496057321	consonance	the repetition of consonant sounds WITHIN words--"A flock of sick, black-checkered ducks."	43
2496057322	couplet	a pair of lines that end in rhyme	44
2496057323	decorum	in order to observe, a character's speech must be styled according to his or her social station, and in accordance with the occasion--bum speaks like a bum about bumly things	45
2496057324	diction	author's choice of words, choice of specific words	46
2496057325	syntax	author's choice of words; refers to the ordering and structuring of the words	47
2496057326	dirge	a song for the dead, tone is typically slow, heavy, and melancholy	48
2496057327	dissonance	the grating of incompatible sounds	49
2496057328	doggerel	crude, simplistic verse, often in sing-song rhyme--i.e., limericks	50
2496057329	dramatic irony	when the audience knows something that the characters in the drama do not	51
2496057330	dramatic monologue	when a single speaker in literature says something to a silent audience	52
2496057331	elegy	a type of poem that meditates on death or mortality in a serious, thoughtful manner; often use the recent death of a noted or loved person as a starting point; also memorialize specific dead people	53
2496057332	elements	the basic techniques of each genre of literature	54
2496057333	enjambment	the continuation of a syntactic unit from one line or couplet of a poem to the next with no pause--i.e.,	55
2496057334	epic	a very long narrative poem on a serious theme in a dignified style; typically deal with glorious or profound subject matter--i.e., great war, heroic journey, battle with supernatural, etc.	56
2496057335	mock-epic	parody form that deals with mundane events and ironically treats them as worthy of epic poetry	57
2496057336	epitaph	lines that commemorate the dead at their burial place; usually a line or a handful of lines, often serious or religious, but sometimes witty and even irreverent	58
2496057337	euphemism	a word or phrase that takes the place of a harsh, unpleasant, or impolite reality--i.e., passed away for died, let go for fired	59
2496057338	euphony	when sounds blend harmoniously	60
2496057339	explicit	to say or write something directly and clearly	61
2496057340	farce	today it's used to refer to extremely broad humor; in earlier times, it was used to mean a simply funny play; a comedy (generic term for play then, btw, no implication of humor)	62
2496057341	feminine rhyme	lines rhymed by their final two syllables--running, gunning; properly, the penultimate syllables are stressed and the final syllables are unstressed	63
2496057342	foil	a secondary character whose purpose is to highlight the characteristics of a main character, usually by contrast	64
2496057343	foot	the basic rhythmic unit of a line of poetry, formed by a combination of two or three syllables, either stressed or unstressed	65
2496057344	foreshadowing	an event or statement in a narrative that in miniature suggests a larger event that comes later	66
2496057345	free verse	poetry written without a regular rhyme scheme or metrical pattern	67
2496057346	genre	a subcategory of literature--i.e., scientific fiction, detective stories->types of fiction	68
2496057347	Gothic, Gothic novel	form first showed up in the middle of the 1700s, heyday of popularity for sixty years; sensibility: mysterious, gloomy, sinister	69
2496057348	hubris	the excessive pride or ambition that leads to the main character's downfall--like Caesar	70
2496057349	hyperbole	exaggeration or deliberate overstatement: He has a watermelon head.	71
2496057350	implicit	to say or write something that suggests and implies but never says it directly or clearly; reading between the lines	72
2496057351	in medias res	Latin for "in the midst of things;" one of the conventions of epic poetry	73
2496057352	interior monologue	a term for novels and poetry, not dramatic literature; refers to writing that records the mental talking that goes on inside a character's head; related, but not identical to the stream of consciousness; tends to be coherent, as though the character is actually talking	74
2496057353	inversion	switching the customary order of elements in a sentence or phrase--Yoda speech!	75
2496057354	*irony	comes in a variety of forms; a statement that means the opposite of what it seems to mean, deeper than sarcasm though; an undertow of meaning	76
2496057355	lament	a poem of sadness or grief over the death of a loved one or over some other intense loss	77
2496057356	lampoon	a satire	78
2496057357	loose sentence	sentence is clear in the beginning, begins with main clause, followed by subordinates and modifiers	79
2496057358	periodic sentence	leaves the completion of its main clause to the end, often produces effect of suspense	80
2496057359	lyric	a type of poetry that explores the poet's personal interpretation of and feelings about the world; when used to describe a tone, refers to a sweet, emotional melodiousness	81
2496057360	masculine rhyme	a rhyme ending on the final stressed syllable--spent, went	82
2496057361	means, meaning	literal meaning-concrete and explicit; emotional meaning	83
2496057362	melodrama	a form of cheesy theater in which the hero is very, very good, the villain mean and rotten, and the heroine oh-so-pure	84
2496057363	metaphor	a comparison, or analogy that states one thing IS another--His eyes were burning coals.	85
2496057364	metonym	a word that is used to stand for something else that it has attributes of or is associated with---"the crown" referring to the king, "The pen is mightier than the sword." (pen reps writers and ideas, sword reps war)	86
2496057365	nemesis	the protagonist's archenemy or supreme and persistent difficulty	87
2496057366	objectivity	treatment of a matter as impersonal or as an outside view of events	88
2496057367	subjectivity	treatment of a matter using the interior personal view of a single observer and is typically coloured with that observer's emotional responses	89
2496057368	onomatopoeia	words that sound how they're spelled--boom, splat	90
2496057369	opposition	a pair of elements that contrast sharply, not necessarily "conflict," rather a pairing of images, each becomes more striking and informative because it's placed in contrast to the other one; creates mystery and tension, can be obvious or lead to irony, not always though	91
2496057370	oxymoron	a phrase composed of opposites; a contradiction	92
2496057371	parable	a story that instructs like a fable or an allegory	93
2496057372	paradox	a situation or statement that seems to contradict itself, but on closer inspection, it does not---"It's raining, but I don't believe that it is."	94
2496057373	parallelism	repeated syntactical similarities used for effect--He likes playing the piano, eating cookies, and reading lengthy novels.	95
2496057374	paraphrase	to restate phrases and sentences in your own words, to rephrase; not an analysis or interpretation	96
2496057375	parenthetical phrase	a phrase set off by commas that interrupts the flow of a sentence with some commentary or added detail	97
2496057376	parody	when a specific work is exaggerated to ridiculousness	98
2496057377	pastoral	a poem set in a tranquil nature or even more specifically, one about shepherds	99
2496057378	persona	the narrator in a non-first-person novel. in third person, get an idea of author's personality, but isn't really the author's personality; shadow-author	100
2496057379	personification	giving an inanimate object human qualities or form--The darkness of the forest became the figure of a beautiful, pake-skinned woman in night-black clothes.	101
2496057380	plaint	a poem or speech expressing sorrow	102
2496057381	point of view	the perspective from which the action of a novel (or narrative poem) is presented	103
2496057382	omniscient narrator	third-person narrator who sees into each character's mind and understands all the action that's going on	104
2496057383	limited omniscient narrator	third-person narrator who generally reports only what one character (usually main character) sees, reports only thoughts of that one character	105
2496057384	objective/camera-eye narrator	third-person narrator who only reports on what would be visible to a camera, doesn't know what the character is thinking unless character speaks of it	106
2496057385	first-person narrator	narrator who is a character in the story and tells the story from his or her point of view; when crazy, a liar, or very young, narrator is unreliable	107
2496057386	stream of consciousness technique	method is like first-person, but instead of the character telling the story, the author puts the reader in the character's head	108
2496057387	prelude	an intro poem to a longer work or verse	109
2496057388	protagonist	the main character of a novel or play	110
2496057389	pun	usually humorous use of a word in such a way to suggest two or more meanings	111
2496057390	refrain	a line or set of lines repeated several times over the course of a poem	112
2496057391	requiem	a song or prayer for the dead	113
2496057392	rhapsody	an intensely passionate verse or section of verse, usually of love or praise	114
2496057393	rhetorical question	a question that suggests an answer	115
2496057394	satire	exposes common character flaws to humor; attempts to improve things by pointing out people's mistakes in the hope that once exposed, such behaviours will become less common--hypocrisy, vanity, greed	116
2496057395	simile	like a metaphor but softens the full-out equation of things, often, but not always, by using like or as	117
2496057396	soliloquy	a speech spoken by a character alone on stage; meant to convey the impression that the audience is listening to the character's thoughts; not meant to imply that the actor acknowledges the audience is listening	118
2496057397	stanza	a group of lines roughly analogues in function in verse to the paragraph's function in prose	119
2496057398	stock characters	standard or cliched character types: the drunk, the miser, the foolish girl, etc.	120
2496057399	subjunctive mood	a mood that represents an act or state (not as a fact but) as contingent or possible; wishful thinking--if I were you, if he were honest	121
2496057400	suggest	to imply, infer, indicate; you have to pull out the meaning yourself	122
2496057401	summary	a simple retelling of what you've just read; covers more material than paraphrase, more general, includes all the facts	123
2496057402	suspension of disbelief	demand made of a theater audience to accept the limitations of staging and supply the details with imagination	124
2496057403	symbolism	a device in literature where an object reps an idea	125
2496057404	technique	the methods, the tools, "how-you-do-it" ways of the author	126
2496057405	theme	the main idea of the overall work; the central idea; topic of discourse or discussion	127
2496057406	thesis	the main position of an argument; the central contention that will be supported	128
2496057407	tragic flaw	in tragedy, weakness of character in an other wise good/great individual that leads to his demise	129
2496057408	travesty	a grotesque parody	130
2496057409	truism	a way-too-obvious truth	131
2496057410	utopia	an idealized place; paradise	132
2496057411	zeugma	the use of a word to modify two or more words, but used for different meanings--On the fishing trip, he caught three trout and a cold.	133

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Period 1 Flashcards

From Hunting and Gathering to Civilizations, 2.5 million-1000 B.C.E.: Origins
Original from MrsBHatchTEACHER

Terms : Hide Images

6289087984	hunting and gathering	Means of obtaining subsistence by humans before the mastery of sedentary agriculture; normally typical of tribal social organization; men typically hunted, while women typically gathered	0
6289087985	civilization	Societies with reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, along with merchant and manufacturing groups	1
6289087986	neolithic	The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished	2
6289087987	nomadic societies	livestock hearding societies that do not have a permanent settlement. normally found on the fringes of civilized (urban) societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies	3
6289087988	culture	Combination of ideas, objects, and patterns of behavior that result from human social interaction	4
6289087989	agrarian revolution	Occurred between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture	5
6289087990	pastoralism	A nomadic agricultural lifestyle based on herding domesticated animals; tended to produce independent people capable of challenging sedentary agricultural societies	6
6289087992	Bronze Age	From 4000 to 3000 B.C.E.; increased use of plow, metalworking; development of wheeled vehicles, writing	7
6289087993	Mesopotamia	Literally "between the rivers"; the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys; highly stratified society with distinct social classes	8
6289087994	potter's wheel	A technological advance in pottery making; invented circa 6000 B.C.E.; encouraged faster and higher-quality ceramic pottery products	9
6289087995	Sumerians	People who migrated into Mesopotamia circa 4000 B.C.E.; created the first civilization within the region; organized area into city-states	10
6289087996	cuneiform	A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets	11
6289087997	city-state	A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilization; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king	12
6289087998	ziggurat	a massive tower building usually associated with Mesopotamian temple connections	13
6289087999	Babylonian Empire	Unified all of Mesopotamia circa 1800 B.C.E.; collapsed due to foreign invasion circa 1600 B.C.E.	14
6289088000	Hammurabi	The most important Babylonian ruler; responsible for codification of the law	15
6289088001	Pharaoh	The term used to denote the kings of ancient Egypt; the term, "great house" refers to the palace of the pharaohs	16
6289088002	pyramids	Monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs	17
6289088003	hieroglyphs	Form of writing developed in ancient Egypt; more pictorial than Mesopotamian cuneiform	18
6289088005	monotheism	The exclusive worship of one god; introduced by Jews into Middle Eastern civilization	19
6289088007	Harappa and Mohenjo Daro	Major urban cities of Indus River Valley civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern	20
6289088009	Huang He (Yellow) River Velley	Site of the development of sedentary agriculture in China (Shang)	21
6289088010	Shang	1st Chinese dynasty, located in the Huang He River Valley	22
6289088011	Oracles	Shamans or priests in Chinese society who foretold the future through interpreting animal bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on bones led to Chinese writing	23
6289088012	ideographic writing	Pictograph characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing	24
6289088013	Big Geography	A term that draws attention to the global nature of world history; over time, people adapted to new environments with new tools	25
6289088014	Paleolithic	The period that ended about 3,000 years after the end of the last Ice Age, it lasted until about 10,000 years ago. (Old Stone Age) The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period.	26
6289088015	Human migration during Paleolithic era	movement of humans from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas	27
6289088016	eglitarian	equality among people (no social levels);characteristics of Paleolithic peoples/society	28
6289088017	tools	Humans developed a wider range of ____ specially adapted to different environments from tropics to tundra	29
6289088018	Neolithic Revolution	period of change from hunter-gatherer lifesyle to agricultural lifestyles associated with domestication, farming, and settlement; population growth due to better means of food production	30
6289088019	patriarchy	father based/male dominated society; characteristic of Neolithic societies	31
6289088020	climatic change	Permanent agricultural villages emerged first in the lands of the eastern Mediterranean, possibly as a response to what?	32
6289088021	weapons	Pastoralists were often the developers and disseminators of of ____ and forms of transportation that transformed warfare in agrarian civilizations	33
6289088022	horses/horseback	one mode of new transportation by the pastoralists	34
6289088023	art	Elites, both political and religious, promoted ____.	35
6289088024	record-keeping systems	___ arose independently in all early civilization sand subsequently were diffused	36
6289088025	Nile River	This river flooded regularly. (Egypt)	37
6289088026	Tigris River	This river's floods were unpredictable. (Mesopotamia)	38
6289088027	Mesopotamian	Unpredictable weather patterns affected the development of the _____ civilization.	39
6289088028	Egyptian	_______art demonstrated little change for nearly 1000 years.	40
6289088034	Code of Hammurabi/Code of Ur-Nammu	Law codes developed in Mesopotamia; supports the idea that rulers wanted to create order in society; grows in complexity as the society grows in complexity	41
7201307816	Olmec	civilization in Mesoamerica; agricultural society; surplus of agricultural labor; known for large stone head carvings that honored the gods	42
7201311098	Chavin	weak political system; little is known about these people; developed in Mesoamerica (Peru); agricultural society; adapted to mountainous terrain and a narrow and dry coastline on one side and rain forests on the other side of the mountains	43
7201313792	empire	characterized by uniform currencies and standardization of weights and measures; large amounts of land controlled by one ruler	44
7201318666	shifting cultivation	practiced in rain forests and surrounding areas; ground in cleared and cultivated then left alone in order to restore soil fertility	45
7201322028	Animal and plant domestication	taming animals for herding and labor, taking wild plants and artificially selecting certain plants for crop cultivation; example (Mesoamerica) maize, tomatoes, horses, dogs	46
7201328311	cultural diffusion	spread and blending of cultures around the world;	47

Powered by Quizlet.com

Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

Powered by Quizlet.com

B12 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

5171370672	B12 =	cobalamin	0
5171372801	B12 is composed of	Macrocyclic ring (corrin) atom of cobalt in center	1
5171377292	attached to the marocyclic ring and cobalt center are one of the following	• CN = cyanocobalamin • OH=hydroxocobalamin • H2O=Aquocobalamin • NO2= Nitrocobalamin • 5'-adenosyl=adenosylcobalamin* - coenzyme • -CH3=methylcobalamin* - coenzyme	2
5171379253	Food sources	Animal products • derive their cobalamin from micro- organisms • meat, poultry, fish, shellfish, eggs, milk, milk products Supplements (cyanocobalamin and hydroxocobalamin)	3
5171386674	B12 binds to	R protein first to move from the stomach into the SI	4
5171392178	Once R protein with B12 reaches the duodenum	R protein is hydrolyzed by proteases (B12 is released)	5
5171394987	R protein breakdown can be inhibited by	pancreatic insufficiency	6
5171418991	After being released by R protein B12 is bound to	intrinsic factor in the proximal intestine	7
5171422202	B12 bound to intrinsic factor travel to	the ileum and is then bound to receptors to be slowly absorbed	8
5171424757	B12 is stored in the	liver	9
5171428879	Enzymatic reactions requiring B12	methionine synthesis Propionyl CoA oxidation pathway (mitochondrial mutase)	10
5171440363	B12's neurological function	development and maintenance of myelin (SAM)	11
5171455167	Methylmalonyl CoA mutase	converts L-methylmalonyl CoA generated from propionyl CoA to succinyl CoA	12
5171459987	propionyl CoA is generated from the oxidation of	odd chain fatty acids amino acids: methionine, isoleucine, leucine	13
5181580002	cobalamin deficiency	methylmalonyl CoA and methylmalonic acid (MMA) accumulate; see rise in blood and urine	14
5181583647	Metabolism turnover	.1% / day loss of vitamin due to fecal loss	15
5181585598	RDA	1 microgram per day	16
5181586609	UL	None	17
5181589379	Elderly need to consume a synthetic source due to	high incidence of achlorydia	18
5181590160	B12 deficiency	inadequate absorption is primarily responsible inadequate intake is rare but seen among vegetarians (strict vegans)	19
5181596808	deficiency occurs in stages	low serum concentrations then low cell concentrations decreased DNA synthesis	20
5181598215	Megaloblastic Anemia	Anemia may respond to mega doses of folate	21
5181599767	Pernicious anemia	occurs with lack of intrinsic factor (oral B12 will not respond)	22
5181601488	Neuropathy	Undetected Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to neuropathy (10+ years) tingling/numbness motor weakness No response to folate therapy	23
5181605611	neuropathy cause	related to availability of methionine for SAM	24
5181608923	SAM is required for	essential for myelin maintenance and thus neural function	25
5181611570	B12 deficieny is related to	impaired absorption	26
5181611571	Achlorydia	absence of hydrochloric acid in the gastric secretions. corrected with synthetic source	27
5181613444	Lack of IF secretion	gastrectomy and destruction of gastric mucosa • treat with pharmacologic amounts of Vit B12	28
5181614981	decreased absorptive surface	ileal resection celiac and tropical sprue ileatis	29
5181616668	Toxicity	none	30
5181618778	Assessment	serum B12 RBC changes (larger presence of immature RBC) Elevated urinary MMA	31

Powered by Quizlet.com

Reading for Vocabulary B, Lesson 12 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

5951776554	healthy	a. good for your body	0
5951776555	bad	a. not good	1
5951776556	junk food	n. food that is bad for you	2
5951776557	muscle	n. the part of the body that helps us move	3
5951776558	energy	n. power that we get from food and sleep	4
5951776559	build (build-built-built)	v. to make	5
5951776560	rest	v. to take a break	6
5951776561	tired	a. when you have no energy	7
5951776562	run (run-ran-run)	v. to move quickly using your legs	8
5951776563	heart	n. the part of your body that moves your blood	9
5951776564	children	n. boys and girls	10
5951776565	think (think-thought-thought)	v. to use your mind	11
5951776566	live	v. to continue to be alive	12
5951776567	cake	n. a sweet baked food	13
5951776568	candy	n. sweet food made of sugar	14
5951776569	keep (keep-kept-kept)	v. to stop from changing	15

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Language and Composition Terms Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

4152669111	Ad hominem argument	Literally, "to the man." The appealing to personal considerations rather than logic or reason; personal attacks rather than logical ones.	0
4152671036	Allegory	A work with two levels of meaning, a literal one and a symbolic one.	1
4152672035	Alliteration	The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of words.	2
4152673897	Allusion	An indirect reference to a person, place, event, or literary work with which the author believes the reader will be familiar.	3
4152675275	Ambiguity	A technique in which a word, phrase, or event has more than one meaning or can be interpreted in more than one way.	4
4152676574	Analogy	A point-by-point comparison between two things for the purpose of clarifying the less familiar of the two subjects.	5
4152679125	Anaphora	A repetition of a word or words at the beginning of successive lines, clauses, or sentences.	6
4152681436	Anecdote	A brief story that focuses on a single episode or event in a person's life and that is used to illustrate a particular point.	7
4152683085	Antecedent	The word, phrase, or clause that a pronoun refers to.	8
4152684360	Aphorism	A brief statement, usually one sentence long, that expresses a general principle or truth about life.	9
4152686276	Apostrophe	A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary preson or personified abstraction, such as liberty or love.	10
4152687956	Assonance	The repetition of vowel sounds within words.	11
4152809342	Atmosphere	The emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work, establish partly by the setting and party by the author's choice of objects that are described.	12
4152810801	Clause	A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb.	13
4152813304	Colloquial/Colloquialism	The use of slang or informalities in speech in writing.	14
4152815325	Conceit	A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects.	15
4152816690	Concession	In an argument, conceding that the opposing side has some validity	16
4152818047	Connotation	The emotional response evoked by a word, in contrast to its denotation, which is its literal meaning.	17
4152822863	Denotation	Literally, the dictionary definition of a word.	18
4152825509	Diction	A writer's or speaker's choice of words.	19
4152829227	Didactic	Literally means "teaching." Has the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially the teaching of moral or ethical principles.	20
4152830513	Elegy	A poem written in tribute to a person, usually someone who has died recently.	21
4152831971	Euphemism	From the Greek for "good speech," more agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts.	22
4152833064	Extended Metaphor	Compares two things at some length and in various ways.	23
4152835330	Figurative Language	Language that communicates ideas beyond the literal meaning of words.	24
4152838510	Figures of Speech	A device used to produce figurative language.	25
4152839890	Generic Conventions	This term describes traditions for each genre.	26
4152841458	Genre	Refers to the distinct types into which literary works can be grouped.	27
4152843311	Homily	This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.	28
4152844774	Hyperbole	A figure of speech in which the truth is exaggerated for emphasis or for humorous effect.	29
4152846799	Imagery	The descriptive words and phrases that a writer uses to re-create sensory experiences.	30
4152848427	Inference/Infer	To draw reasonable conclusions from the information presented.	31
4152849533	Invective	An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.	32
4152851257	Irony/Ironic	Refers to a contrast between appearance and reality.	33
4152852994	Kinesthetic Imagery	Re-creates the tension felt through muscles, tendons, or joints in the body.	34
4152856704	Loose sentence	A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses.	35
4152862982	Metaphor	A figure of speech that compares two things that have something in common without using "like" or "as".	36
4152866964	Metonomy	A term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name," a figure of speech which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it.	37
4152868694	Mood	The feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader.	38
4152872878	Narrative	Any type of writing that is primarily concerned with relating an event or a series of events.	39
4152875997	Onomatopoeia	A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words.	40
4152877303	Oxymoron	A special kind of concise paradox that brings together two contradictory terms.	41
4152878817	Paradox	A statement that seems to contradict itself but may nevertheless suggest an important truth.	42
4152879970	Parallelism	It refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity.	43
4152881205	Parody	Writing that imitates either the style or the subject matter of a literary work for the purpose of criticism, humorous effect, or flattering tribute.	44
4164215465	Pedantic	An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish.	45
4164216277	Periodic Sentence	A sentence that presents its central meaning in the main clause at the end.	46
4164218586	Personification	A figure of speech in which an object, animal, or idea is given human characteristics.	47
4164219178	Point of View	Point of view refers to the narrative perspective from which events in a story or novel are told.	48
4164219968	Predicate Adjectives	A type of subject complement—an adjective, group of adjectives, or adjective clause that follows a linking verb.	49
4164220792	Predicate Nominative	A type of subject complement—a noun, group of nouns, or noun clause that renames the subject.	50
4164221686	Primary Sources	Materials written or created by people who were present at events.	51
4164222588	Prose	Generally refers to all forms of written or spoken expression that are not in verse.	52
4164223879	Repetition	A technique in which a sound, word, phrase, or line is repeated for emphasis or unity.	53
4164224594	Rhetoric	From the Greek for "orator," this term describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently and persuasively.	54
4164226714	Rhetorical Modes	This flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing.	55
4164228063	Rhetorical question	A question that is not meant to be answered but the answer may be obvious.	56
4164229139	Sarcasm	A type of verbal irony, refers to a critical remark expressed in a statement in which literal meaning is the opposite of actual meaning.	57
4164229771	Satire	A literary technique in which foolish ideas or customs are ridiculed for the purpose of improving society.	58
4164230651	Simile	A figure of speech that compares two things that have something in common, using a word such as like or as.	59
4164233396	Stream of Consciousness	A technique that was developed by modernist writers to present the flow of a character's seemingly unconnected thoughts, responses, and sensations.	60
4164234604	Subject complement	The word (with any accompanying phrases) or clause that follows a linking verb.	61
4164235677	Syllogism	From the Greek for "reckoning together," this is a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises.	62
4164236738	Symbol/Symbolism	Generally, anything that represents or stands for something else.	63
4164237366	Syntax	The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses and sentences.	64
4164238162	Theme	An underlying message that a writer wants the reader to understand.	65
4164238837	Thesis	In expository writing, this is the sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or proposition.	66
4164240570	Tone	A writer's attitude toward his or her subject.	67
4164241634	Transition	A word or phrase that links different ideas.	68
4164243189	Understatement	A technique of creating emphasis by saying less than is actually or literally true.	69
4164244115	Voice	This refers to a writer's unique use of language that allows a reader to "hear" a human personality in his or her writing.	70
4164244830	Wit	In modern usage, this is intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights.	71

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Chapter 12 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

5768262310	The Mongol life was...	pastoral	0
5768262311	Mongol leader was...	the Khan who had his decisions ratified by the council	1
5768262312	Menial work in Mongol camps was done by...	slaves	2
5768262313	Mongols accepted...	religious pluralism, virtually all Mongols observed shamanism	3
5768262314	First under Genghis Khan were in...	China	4
5768262315	Batu conquered Rus' in...	1236 - later became known as the Golden Horde	5
5768262316	Khubilai was rejected as the	Great Khan	6
5768262317	Khubilai then formed the...	Yuan Empire	7
5768262318	This caused major...	divisions among Mongols	8
5768262319	To maintain control of vast areas, the Mongols formed...	different khanates	9
5768262320	Factors to Mongol military supremacy (1):	Superior riding skills	10
5768262321	Factors to Mongol military supremacy (2):	Technically proficient bows	11
5768262322	Factors to Mongol military supremacy (3):	Flaming arrows	12
5768262323	Factors to Mongol military supremacy (4):	Catapults to hurl projectiles - often flaming	13
5768262324	Narratives such as Marco Polo's created...	a European ambition to find easier routes to Asia	14
5768262325	One of the most significant effects of Mongol trade routes was the...	spread of disease including the plague	15
5768262326	Religious differences resulted in a conflict between...	the Il-khans and the Golden Horde	16
5768262327	The Golden Horde formed an alliance with...	Egyptian Mamluks	17
5768262328	In 1295, the Il-khan ruler Ghazan converted to...	Islam	18
5768262329	Tax farming is the sale of...	tax-collecting contracts to small corporations	19
5768262330	As the Il-khan and the Golden Horde declined in the 14th Century, Timur, the last Central Asian conqueror...	attacked the Muslim sultanate of Delhi in 1398	20
5768262331	Timur was...	trying to be the new Genghis Khan	21
5768262332	Rashid al-Din attempted to write the...	first world history	22
5768262333	Iran and China shared...	artistic trends and political ideas	23
5768262334	This resulted in...	an emerging culture in Iran, Afghanistan and Central Asia	24
5768262335	There was significant transmission/sharing scientific knowledge like...	eclipse predictions and tables	25
5768262336	Nasir al-Din Tusi known for his contributions in...	mathematical development in algebra and trigonometry	26
5768262337	The significant scientific discoveries in Islamic scholars were translated by (1):	Arabic scholars	27
5768262338	The significant scientific discoveries in Islamic scholars were translated by (2):	Byzantine monks into the Greek language	28
5768262339	The significant scientific discoveries in Islamic scholars were translated by (3):	Christian scholars in Spain into the Latin language	29
5768262340	The significant scientific discoveries in Islamic scholars were translated by (4):	Indian scholars in Delhi, India into the Sanskrit language	30
5768262341	Mongol conquest devastated...	Kievan Russia	31
5768262342	The main goal of the Golden Horde was...	getting money from taxes	32
5768262343	Alexander Nevskii...	Russian prince advocated cooperation with the Mongols to avoid destructive assimilation.	33
5768262344	Ivan III was the first to use the term...	"Tsar"	34
5768262345	Economic problems Russia saw during the time of Mongol domination (1):	Overzealous tax collection by Russian princes	35
5768262346	Economic problems Russia saw during the time of Mongol domination (2):	Burden of taxation carried by the peasantry	36
5768262347	Economic problems Russia saw during the time of Mongol domination (3):	Attempt to introduce paper money by Mongols	37
5768262348	Economic problems Russia saw during the time of Mongol domination (4):	Direct exchange of goods rather than purchases in currency	38
5768262349	Mongol armies consisted of a...	multinational force with Mongol leaders	39
5768262350	Serbian King is..	Stephen Dushan	40
5768262351	Stephen Dushan proclaimed himself king of the:	Serbs, Greeks, Bulgarians and Albanians	41
5768262352	Mongols taught the European about (1):	Movable type and bronze cannon	42
5768262353	Mongols taught the European about (2):	Gunpowder and high-temperature metallurgy	43
5768262354	Mongols taught the European about (3):	Coal mining and higher mathematics	44
5768262355	Mongols taught the European about (4):	Diplomatic passports	45
5768262356	In 1453, the Ottomans conquered the important Christian city of...	Constantinople	46
5768262357	Mongol rulers in China were increasingly influenced by...	the idea of a universal ruler - modeled by religious leaders from Tibet	47
5768262358	Benefits of Mongol rule in the Yuan Empire:	Secure trade routes, exchange of technical expertise between the East and West, and transmission of knowledge and skills	48
5768262359	Mongol permanently reunited China after...	a prolonged period of political fragmentation	49
5768262360	The Yuan tax administration relied on administrators from:	Persia, Arabia, and Uighur	50
5768262361	Social ranking by law:	First were the Mongols Second: Central Asians/Middle Easterners Third: northern Chinese Finally the southern Chinese	51
5768262362	Mongols restored a degree of economic stability caused by...	the paper money by cutting off trade with Japan...cut off the flow of copper exports	52
5768262363	Rise of cities in Yan China caused...	increasing influence of Mandarin	53
5768262364	Reliance on provincial production of goods not urban centralization =	cottage industry	54
5768262365	Mongol rule created a hardship and a sharp population decrease in China:	Migration and flooding of the Yellow River, warfare, bubonic plague, and female infanticide	55
5768262366	Chinese silk and porcelains affected the elite...	tastes at the western end of the Silk Road	56
5768262367	Il-khan.....	engineering, astronomy, and mathematics reached China and Korea	57
5768262368	Mongol-protected trade routes encouraged a steady...	exchange of scientific and cultural ideas	58
5768262369	Internal strife weakened the...	Yuan Empire which fell to the Ming in 1368	59
5768262370	Many Mongols remained in...	China	60
5768262371	Mongols took on...	Chinese names and became part of the diverse cultural world of China	61
5768262372	Rejection of the Mongols - the Ming emperors severed relations with the...	Middle East & Central Asia and closed the borders to foreigners	62
5768262373	Yongle had to trade by way of the...	sea - put an emphasis on trade by ships	63
5768262374	The emperor Yongle improved the..	imperial complex - The Forbidden City, built by the Mongols	64
5768262375	Slowdown of technology after Yongle's death due to the...	limitation of the mining industry	65
5768262376	Economic decline included:	Decreased production of metal, lack of commercial development, re-emphasis of the classic examination system, and switch to growing staple crops	66
5768262377	Literature - vernacular novels like...	Water Margin and Romance of the Three Kingdoms	67
5768262378	Porcelain -	one of the most prized commercial products of Eurasia	68
5768262379	Korea seen as crucial to...	choke off the sea trade of Mongol's enemies	69
5768262380	Koryo family became attached and loyal to the...	Mongols	70
5768262381	Korea profited from new technologies such as:	cotton, gunpowder, astronomy, calendar making and celestial clocks	71
5768262382	Mechanized production in Yi Korea -	cotton which was a cash crop and movable-type font	72
5768262383	Rise of literacy - combination of...	improved printing system and the han'gul writing system.	73
5768262384	Defensive military techniques -	- cannon with gunpowder-driven arrow launchers.	74
5768262385	Japan only major East Asia area not under...	Mongol domination	75
5768262386	A storm prevented the Mongols from establishing a base in...	Japan - storm called "Kamikaze - Divine Wind"- wind of the gods	76
5768262387	Japanese military government spent time building...	coastal defenses	77
5768262388	The warring states of Vietnam avoided Mongol conquest but...	paid tribute to the Yuan Empire	78
5768262389	Ming concentrated on...	Mongol challenges	79
5768262390	Annam terminated...	Champa's independence	80
5768262391	Annam annexed...	Champa and established a unified state	81

Powered by Quizlet.com

12 A and B Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

9817124930	synthetic	(adj.) made or put together (n.) artificial	0
9817109229	autocratic	(adj.) absolute power or authority	1
9817109230	blasphemy	(n.) profanity, disrespect, profane talk	2
9817112657	concerted	(adj.) planned or preformed	3
9817112658	intolerable	(adj.) unbearable	4
9817116862	irreverent	(adj.) disrespectful	5
9817120497	laborious	(adj.) hard work	6
9817122288	maltreat	(v.) to abuse	7
9817122289	ponder	(v.) to consider carefully	8
9817122290	subversive	(adj.) to attempt to overthrow	9
9817127714	appreciable	(adj.) large or important enough to be noticed, considerable	10
9817127715	blanch	(v.) to remove color from, to turn pail, parboil	11
9817127716	brawny	(adj.) strong, muscular	12
9817129806	contend	(v.) to fight struggle, compete, argue	13
9817129807	humane	(adj.) kind, merciful	14
9817131720	illustrious	(adj.) very famous, distiguished	15
9817131721	lithe	(adj.) bending easily, limber	16
9817134280	temperate	(adj.) mild, moderate	17
9817134281	venomous	(adj.) poisonous, mean	18
9817137024	wily	(adj.) skilled at gaining an advantage, especially deceitfully.	19

Powered by Quizlet.com

Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Literature Vocabulary List 12 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

5664113381	Equivocal	ADJ: doubtful; uncertain; dubious; evasive	0
5664113382	Transitory	ADJ: temporary; fleeting; EPHEMERAL	1
5664113383	Ephemeral	ADJ: temporary; fleeting; TRANSITORY	2
5664113384	Obscure	ADJ: cryptic; complicated; confusing V: to confuse; to hide	3
5664113385	Sanguine	ADJ: happy; optimistic; hopeful	4
5664113386	Prodigal	ADJ: wasteful; excessive; PROFLIGATE	5
5664113387	Profligate	ADJ: shamelessly immoral; reckless; wanton; PRODIGAL	6
5664113388	Languid	ADJ: lacking in spirit or interest; indifferent; listless	7
5664113389	Sententious	ADJ: given to excessive moralizing; preachy; pithy; short and sweet	8
5664113390	Disposition	N: frame of mind; mood; attitude; personality	9