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AP Language L's Flashcards

2779201509	lucid	easily understood; clear	0
2779202007	listless	lacking energy	1
2779204046	lament	express grief for; mourn	2
2779205171	laudatory	giving praise	3
2779206286	lexicon	a word book describing language with definitions; a dictionary	4

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Vocabulary Test - AP English Literature Flashcards

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6802506607	Allusion	Alluding to events/stories	0
6802506608	Attitude	The perspective or tone of a writer adopted in a certain work	1
6802506609	Devices of Sound	Resources used by poets to convey and reinforce the meaning or experience of poetry through the skillful use of sound.	2
6802506610	Diction	An authors way of speaking/choice of words	3
6802506611	Figurative Language	Language that uses words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation	4
6802506612	Imagery	Visually descriptive or figurative language	5
6802506613	Irony	Saying one thing, but meaning another.	6
6802506614	Metaphor	A figure of speech that is not literally applicable	7
6802506615	Motif	an image, sound, action or other figures that have a symbolic significance and contributes toward the development of theme.	8
6802506616	Point of View	Perspective of the story.	9
6802506617	Rhetorical Techniques	Uses words in a certain way to convey meaning or to persuade. It can also be a technique to evoke an emotion on the part of the reader or audience	10
6802506618	Satire	Making fun of human error.	11
6802506619	Simile	Compares two things with the words like or as	12
6802506620	Style	An authors characteristic way of writing	13
6802506621	Syntax	The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences	14
6802506622	Theme	Central message of a story	15
6802506623	Tone	Authors attitude toward the readers and toward the subject	16
6802506624	Foil	A character that shows qualities that are in contrast w/ qualities of another to highlight them.	17
6802506625	Slant Rhyme	rhyme in which the stressed syllables of ending consonants match, however the preceding vowel sounds do not match. (Shape/keep)	18
6802506626	Pentameter	literary device that can be defined as a line in verse or poetry that has five strong metrical feet or beats	19
6802506627	Sonnet	14 lines of iambic pentameter, w/ either ABAB or ABBA rhyme scheme.	20
6802506628	Tetrameter	a line of four metrical feet	21
6802506629	Ode	a form of lyric poetry expressing emotion and it's usually addressed to someone or something	22
6802506630	Romantic	18th century movement focusing on emotion and freedom.	23
6802506631	Neoclassical	Revival of classical standards - focused on order, reason, and balance.	24
6802506632	Caesura	a rhythmical pause in a poetic line or a sentence	25
6802506633	Meter	a stressed and unstressed syllabic pattern in a verse or within the lines of a poem	26
6802506634	Metaphysical conceit	It usually sets up an analogy between one entity's spiritual qualities and an object in the physical world and sometimes controls the whole structure of the poem	27
6802506635	Meditative lyric		28
6802506636	Apostrophe	A figure of speech in which something is addressed as though it is present and capable of responding	29
6802506637	Allegory	a figure of speech in which abstract ideas and principles are described in terms of characters, figures and events.	30
6802506638	Ambiguity	a word, phrase, or statement which contains more than one meaning	31
6802506639	Apostrophe	A figure of speech in which something is addressed as if it is present and capable of responding.	32
6802506640	Denotation	Direct definition of a word.	33
6802506641	Connotation	Associated or personal definition of a word.	34
6802506642	Convention	defining features of particular literary genres, such as novel, short story, ballad, sonnet, and play	35
6802506643	Didactic	works that often have morals to impart or are written to teach us something about religion, philosophy, history, or politics	36
6802506644	Digression	a stylistic device authors employ to create a temporary departure from the main subject of the narrative to focus on apparently unrelated topics, explaining background details.	37
6802506645	Epigram	rhetorical device that is a memorable, brief, interesting and surprising satirical statement	38
6802506646	Euphemism	polite, indirect expressions which replace words and phrases considered harsh and impolite or which suggest something unpleasant	39
6802506647	Hyperbole	an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis	40
6802506648	Jargon	a use of specific phrases and words by writers in a particular situation, profession or trade. These specialized terms are used to convey hidden meanings accepted and understood in that field	41
6802506649	Lyrical	a formal type of poetry which expresses personal emotions or feelings	42
6802506650	Oxymoron	a figure of speech in which two opposite ideas are joined to create an effect	43
6802506651	Parable	A didactic story, in prose or verse, which illustrates one or more instructive lessons or principles	44
6802506652	Parody	an imitation of a writer, artist, subject, or genre in such a way as to make fun of or comment on the original work	45
6802506653	Personification	Human characteristics given to non-human things	46
6802506654	Rhetorical question	A question that is asked without the intention of getting an answer	47
6802506655	Soliloquy	A characters speech while alone on stage	48
6802506656	Paradox	Something made up of two different things that seem impossible, but are.	49
6802506657	Assonance	the repetition of a vowel sound in non-rhyming words	50
6802506658	Ballad	a form of poetry that alternates lines of four and three beats, often in quatrains, rhymed abab, and often telling a story	51
6802506659	Blank verse	Unrhymed iambic pentameter.	52
6802506660	Enjambment	A thought or sense, phrase or clause in a line of poetry that does not come to an end at the line break but moves over to the next line	53
6802506661	Free verse	a literary device that can be defined as poetry that is free from limitations of regular meter or rhythm and does not rhyme with fixed forms	54
6802506662	Heroic couplet	a stanza consisting of two rhyming lines in iambic pentameter, especially one forming a rhetorical unit and written in an elevated style	55
6802506663	Hexameter	a metrical line of verses consisting of six feet	56
6802506664	Iamb	a literary device that can be defined as a foot containing unaccented and short syllables followed by a long and accented syllable in a single line of a poem	57
6802506665	Internal rhyme	a poetic device which can be defined as metrical lines in which its middle words and its end words rhymes with each other	58
6802506666	Onomatopoeia	a word which imitates the natural sounds of a thing	59
6802506667	Elegy	a form of literature which can be defined as a poem or song in the form of elegiac couplets, written in honor of someone deceased	60
6802506668	Eulogy	a literary device that is a laudatory expression in a speech, or a written tribute to a person deceased recently	61
6802506669	Epithet	a descriptive literary device that describes a place, a thing or a person in such a way that it helps in making the characteristics of a person, thing or place more prominent than they actually are	62
6802506670	Epistle	a composition in prose or poetry written in the form of a letter to a particular person or group	63
6802506671	Epitaph	an inscription or written tribute in memory of a person on a tombstone or in a piece of literature	64
6802506672	Entreaty	earnest or urgent request	65
6802506673	Bildungsroman	Coming of age story	66
6802506674	Doppelgänger	A double or twin; often pernicious, ghostly, or haunting	67
6802506675	In Medias Res	In the middle of	68
6802506676	Dramatis Personae	Character list at the beginning of plays that provides necessary background info	69
6802506677	Double Entendre	a phrase or a figure of speech that might have multiple senses, interpretations or two different meanings or that could be understood in two different ways	70
6802506678	Dues Ex Machina	An unexpected power or event saving a seemingly hopeless situation	71

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AP Lang Review Session Quiz 7 Flashcards

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5308979060	sweeping generalization	making an insupportable statement; these are often absolute statements involving words such as all, always, never, and no one that allow no exceptions; can also be stereotypes	0
5308986673	either/or fallacy	assuming that a complicated question has only two answers, one good and one bad, both good or both bad	1
5308986674	litotes	a type of meiosis (understatement) in which the writer uses a statement in the negative to create the effect	2
5308988478	meiosis	Understatement, the opposite of exaggeration	3
5308988479	juxtaposition	An act or instance of placing words/phrases/images close together or side by side, especially for comparison or contrast	4
5308991516	antithesis	the opposition or contrast of ideas; the direct opposite	5
5308991517	oxymoron	A figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox.	6
5308993541	anastrophe	the inversion of the usual order of words or clauses	7
5308993542	catalogue	Creating long lists for poetic or rhetorical effect.	8
5308999908	rhetorical question	Question not asked for information but for effect	9

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AP English Literature and Composition Flashcards

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7223107262	adage	A saying that becomes widely accepted as truth over time. Usually observances of life and behaviour that express a general truth. Ex: "A penny saved is a penny earned."	0
7223107263	allegory	A story in which the narrative or characters carry an underlying symbolic, metaphorical or possibly ethical meaning.	1
7223107264	alliteration	The repetition of one or more initial consonant in a group of words or lines of poetry or prose. Writers use this for ornament or for emphasis.	2
7223107265	allusion	A reference to a person, place, or event meant to create an effect or enhance the meaning of an idea.	3
7223107266	ambiguity	A vagueness of meaning; a conscious lack of clarity meant to evoke multiple meanings and interpretation.	4
7223107267	anachronism	A person, scene, event, or other element in literature that fails to correspond with the time/era in which the work is set.	5
7223107268	analogy	A comparison in which an idea or a thing is compared to something else that is quite different from it. It aims at explaining that idea or thing by comparing it to something that is familiar.	6
7223107269	antagonist	A character or force in a work of literature that, by opposing the protagonist produces tension or conflict.	7
7223107270	antithesis	A rhetorical device in which two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect.	8
7223107271	aphorism	A statement of truth or opinion expressed in a concise and witty manner. The term is often applied to philosophical, moral and literary principles.	9
7223107272	Apollonian	In contrast to Dionysian, it refers to the most noble, godlike qualities of human nature and behaviour.	10
7223107273	apostrophe	A figure of speech where the writer or speaker detaches himself from his present reality and addresses an imaginary character in his speech.	11
7223107274	archetype	A character, action or situation which represents or reflects a commonly held or universal pattern, such as human nature.	12
7223107275	assonance	The repetition of two or more vowel sounds in a group of words or lines in poetry and prose.	13
7223107276	ballad	A simple narrative verse that tells a story that is sung or recited; a long narrative poem, usually in very regular meter and rhyme, typically has a folksy quality	14
7223107277	bard	A poet or a performer in olden times who told heroic stories to musical accompaniment.	15
7223107278	Bildungsroman	A special kind of novel that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of its main character from his or her youth to adulthood. Generally, such a novel starts with a loss or a tragedy that disturbs the main character emotionally. He or she leaves on a journey to fill that vacuum.	16
7223107279	blank verse	Poetry written in iambic pentameter, the primary meter used in English poetry and the works of Shakespeare and Milton; its lines generally do not rhyme.	17
7223107280	bombast	Inflated, pretentious language used for trivial subjects.	18
7223107281	cacophony	The use of words with sharp, harsh, hissing and unmelodious sounds, primarily those of consonants, to achieve the desired results. Ex: "I detest war because cause of war is always trivial."	19
7223107282	caesura	It involves creating a fracture within a sentence, where the two separate parts are distinguishable from one another yet intrinsically linked; the purpose is to create a dramatic pause. Ex: "Mozart- oh, how your music makes me soar!"	20
7223107283	canon	The works most widely read, studied, and considered most important in national literature or in a specific literary period.	21
7223107284	caricature	A grotesque likeness of striking qualities in persons and things; a portrait that exaggerates a facet of personality.	22
7223107285	catharsis	A cleansing of the spirit brought about by the pity and terror of a dramatic tragedy.	23
7223107286	classicism	Deriving from the orderly qualities of ancient Greek and Roman culture; implies formality, objectivity, simplicity and restraint.	24
7223107287	conceit	A figure of speech in which two vastly different objects are likened together with the help of similes or metaphors; it develops a comparison which is exceedingly unlikely but is, nonetheless, intellectually imaginative.	25
7223107288	anticlimax	This occurs when an action produces far smaller results than one had been led to expect; it is frequently comic in effect.	26
7223107289	anti-hero	A protagonist who is markedly un-heroic, morally weak, cowardly, dishonest, or any number of other unsavoury qualities; he is not just good or noble like a conventional hero.	27
7223107290	aside	A speech (usually just a short comment) made by an actor to the audience, as though momentarily stepping outside of the action on stage.	28
7223107291	atmosphere	The emotional tone or background that surrounds a scene.	29
7223107292	black humor	The use of disturbing themes in comedy. Ex: two tramps comically debating over which should commit suicide first, and whether the branches of a tree will support their weight.	30
7223107293	cadence	the beat or rhythm of poetry in a general sense	31
7223107294	canto	is a divider in long poems, much like chapters in a novel	32
7223107295	coinage	a.k.a. neologism, inventing a word	33
7223107296	colloquialism	this is a word or phrase used in everyday conversational English that isn't a part of accepted "schoolbook" English	34
7223107297	controlling image	when an image dominates and shapes the entire work	35
7223107298	metaphysical conceit	a type of conceit that occurs only in metaphysical poetry	36
7223107299	connotation	the suggest or implied meaning of a word/phrase	37
7223107300	consonance	the repetition of two or more consonant sounds within a group of words or a line of poetry	38
7223107301	couplet	a pair of lines that end in rhyme	39
7223107302	heroic couplet	two rhyming lines in iambic pentameter are called this	40
7223107303	denotation	the literal, dictionary definition of a word	41
7223107304	denouement	the resolution that occurs at the end of a play or work or fiction	42
7223107305	Dionysian	as distinguished from Apollonian, the word refers to sensual, pleasure seeking impulses	43
7223107306	diction	the choice of words in oral and written discourse	44
7223107307	syntax	the ordering and structuring of the words in a sentence	45
7223107308	dirge	a song for the dead, its tone is typically slow, heavy, and melancholy	46
7223107309	dissonance	the grating of incompatible sounds	47
7223107310	doggerel	crude, simplistic verse, often in sing-song rhyme	48
7223107311	dramatic irony	when the audience knows something that the characters in the drama do not	49
7223107312	dramatic monologue	when a single speaker in literature says something to a silent audience	50
7223107313	elegy	a poem or prose selection that laments or meditates on the passing/death of something/someone of value	51
7223107314	elements	the basic techniques of each genre of literature. IN SHORT STORY: characters, irony, theme, symbol, plot, setting. IN POETRY: figurative language, symbol, imagery, rhythm, rhyme. IN DRAMA: conflict, characters, climax, conclusion, exposition, rising action, falling action, props. IN NONFICTION: argument, evidence, reason, appeals, fallacies, thesis.	52
7223107315	ellipsis	three periods (...) indicating the omission of words in a thought or quotation	53
7223107316	empathy	a feeling of association or identification with an object/person	54
7223107317	end stopped	a term that describes a line of poetry that ends with a natural pause often indicated by a mark of punctuation	55
7223107318	enjambment	the continuation of a syntactic unit from one line or couplet of a poem to the next with no pause	56
7223107319	epic	an extended narrative poem that tells of the adventures and exploits of a hero that is generally larger than life and is often considered a legendary figure	57
7223107320	mock epic	a parody form that deals with mundane events and ironically treats them as worthy of epic poetry	58
7223107321	epitaph	lines that commemorate the dead at their burial place. usually a line or handful of lines, often serious or religious, but sometimes witty and even irreverent	59
7223107322	epigram	a concise but ingenious, witty and thoughtful statement	60
7223107323	euphony	when sounds blend harmoniously; pleasing, harmonious sounds	61
7223107324	epithet	an adjective or phrase that expresses a striking quality of a person or thing	62
7223107325	eponymous	a term for the title character of a work of literature	63
7223107326	euphemism	a mild or less negative usage for a harsh or blunt term	64
7223107327	explicit	to say or write something directly and clearly	65
7223107328	explication	the interpretation/analysis of a text	66
7223107329	extended metaphor	a series of comparisons between two unlike objects that occur over a number of lines	67
7223107330	fable	a short tale often featuring nonhuman character that act as people whose actions enable the author to make observations or draw useful lessons about human behavior. i.e Orwell's "Animal Farm"	68
7223107331	falling action	the action in a play or story that occurs after the climax and that leads to the conclusion and often to the resolution of the conflict	69
7223107332	fantasy	a story containing unreal, imaginary features	70
7223107333	farce	a comedy that contains an extravagant and nonsensical disregard of seriousness, although it may have a serious, scornful purpose	71
7223107334	figurative language	in contrast to literal language, this implies meanings. It includes devices such as metaphors, similes, and personification, etc.	72
7223107335	foil	a secondary character whose purpose is to highlight the characteristics of a main character, usually by contrast	73
7223107336	first person narrative	a narrative told by a character involved in the story, using first-person pronouns such as "I" and "we"	74
7223107337	flashback	a return to an earlier time in a story or play in order to clarify present actions or circumstances	75
7223107338	foreshadowing	an event or statement in a narrative that suggests, in miniature, a larger event that comes later	76
7223107339	foot	the basic rhythmic unit of a line in poetry. it is formed by a combination of two or three syllables, either stressed or unstressed	77
7223107340	frame	a structure that provides premise or setting for a narrative	78
7223107341	free verse	a kind of poetry without rhymed lines, rhythm or fixed metrical feet	79
7223107342	genre	a term used to describe literary forms, such as novel, play, and essay	80
7223107343	Gothic novel	a novel in which supernatural horrors and an atmosphere of unknown terror pervades the action. i.e. "Frankenstein"	81
7223107344	harangue	a forceful sermon, lecture, or tirade	82
7223107345	hubris	the excessive pride/ambition that leads to the main character's downfall	83
7223107346	hyperbole	exaggeration/deliberate overstatement	84
7223107347	humanism	a belief that emphasizes faith and optimism in human potential and creativity	85
7223107348	implicit	to say or write something that suggests and implies but never says it directly or clearly	86
7223107349	in medias res	Latin for "in the midst of things"; a narrative that starts not at the beginning of events but at some other critical point	87
7223107350	idyll	a lyric poem or passage that describes a kind of ideal life or place	88
7223107351	image	a word or phrase representing that which can be seen, touched, tasted, smelled or felt	89
7223107352	inversion	switching customary order of elements in a sentence or phrase. when done badly it can give a stilted, artificial look-at-me-I'm-poetry feel to the verse. type of syntax	90
7223107353	irony	a mode of expression in which the intended meaning is the opposite of what is stated, often implying ridicule or light sarcasm	91
7223107354	invective	a direct verbal assault; a denunciation. i.e. Candide	92
7223107355	kenning	a device employed in Anglo-Saxon poetry in which the name of a thing is replaced by one of its functions/qualities, as in "ring-giver" for king and "whale-road" for ocean	93
7223107356	lament	a poem of sadness or grief over the death of a loved one or over some other intense loss	94
7223107357	lampoon	a satire	95
7223107358	light verse	a variety of poetry meant to entertain or amuse, but sometimes with a satirical thrust	96
7223107359	loose sentence	a sentence that is complete before its end. follows customary word order of English sentences i.e. subject-verb-object	97
7223107360	periodic sentence	a sentence not grammatically complete until it has reached its final phrase; sentence that departs from the usual word order of English sentences by expressing its main thought only at the end	98
7223107361	lyric	personal, reflective poetry that reveals the speaker's thoughts and feelings about the subject; the word is used to describe tone, it refers to a sweet, emotional melodiousness	99
7223107362	melodrama	a form of overly-dramatic theater in which the hero is very, very good, the villain mean and rotten, and the heroine oh-so-pure.	100
7223107363	litotes	a form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis or intensity	101
7223107364	maxim	a saying or proverb expressing common wisdom or truth	102
7223107365	metaphor	a figure of speech that compares unlike objects	103
7223107366	metaphysical poetry	the work of poets, particularly those of 17th c., that uses elaborate conceits, is highly intellectual, and expresses the complexities of love and life	104
7223107367	meter	the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables found in poetry	105
7223107368	metonymy	a figure of speech that uses the name of one thing to represent something else with which it is associated. e.g. "The White House says..."	106
7223107369	mode	the general form, pattern, and manner of expression of a work of literature	107
7223107370	montage	a quick succession of images/impressions used to express an idea	108
7223107371	mood	the emotional tone in a work of literature	109
7223107372	nemesis	the protagonist's archenemy or supreme and persistent difficulty	110
7223107373	objectivity	this treatment of a subject matter is an impersonal/outside view of events	111
7223107374	subjectivity	this treatment of a subject matter uses the interior/personal view of a single observer and is typically colored with that observer's emotional responses	112
7223107375	onomatopoeia	words that sound like what they mean	113
7223107376	moral	a brief and often simplistic lesson that a reader may infer from a work of literature	114
7223107377	motif	a phrase, idea, event that through repetition serves to unify or convey a theme in a work of literature.	115
7223107378	muse	one of the ancient Greek goddesses presiding over the arts. the imaginary source of inspiration for an artist or writer	116
7223107379	myth	an imaginary story that has become accepted part of the cultural or religious tradition of a group/society. often used to explain natural phenomena.	117
7223107380	narrative	a form of verse or prose that tells a story	118
7223107381	naturalism	a term often used as a synonym for "realism"; also a view of experiences that is generally characterized as bleak and pessimistic	119
7223107382	non sequitur	a statement or idea that fails to follow logically from the one before	120
7223107383	novel of manners	a novel focusing on and describing the social customs and habits of a particular social group	121
7223107384	ode	a lyric poem usually marked by serious, respectful and exalted feelings toward the subject.	122
7223107385	omniscient narrator	a narrator with unlimited awareness, understanding, and insight of characters, setting, background, and all other elements of the story	123
7223107386	oxymoron	a phrase composed of opposites; a contradiction. juxtaposition of contradictory element to create a paradoxical effect	124
7223107387	opposition	one of the most useful concepts in analyzing literature. it means that you have a pair of elements that contrast sharply.	125
7223107388	ottava rima	an eight-line rhyming stanza of a poem	126
7223107389	parable	like a fable or an allegory, it's a story that instructs; a story consisting of events from which a moral or spiritual truth may be derived	127
7223107390	paradox	a statement that seems self-contradictory yet true	128
7223107391	parallelism	repeated syntactical similarities used for effect	129
7223107392	parody	an imitation of a work meant to ridicule its style and subject	130
7223107393	paraphrase	a version of a text put into simpler, everyday, words	131
7223107394	pastoral	a work of literature dealing with rural life	132
7223107395	pathetic fallacy	faulty reasoning that inappropriately ascribes human feelings to nature or nonhuman objects	133
7223107396	pathos	that element in literature that stimulates pity or sorrow	134
7223107397	pentameter	a verse with five poetic feet per line	135
7223107398	persona	the role/facade that a character assumes or depicts to a reader, viewer, or the world at large; the narrator in a non-first-person novel	136
7223107399	personification	giving an inanimate object human like qualities or form	137
7223107400	plot	the interrelationship among the events in a story, including exposition, rising action, climax, falling action and resolution	138
7223107401	picaresque novel	an episodic novel about a roguelike wanderer who lives off his wits. e.g. "Don Quixote", "Moll Flanders"	139
7223107402	plaint	a poem or speech expressing sorrow	140
7223107403	point of view	the perspective from which the action of a novel in presented.	141
7223107404	omniscient narrator	3rd person narrator who sees like God into each character's mind and understands all the action going on.	142
7223107405	limited omniscient narrator	3rd person narrator who generally reports only what one character (usually the main) sees, and who only reports the thoughts of that one privileged character.	143
7223107406	objective narrator	3rd person narr. who only reports on what would be visible to a camera, doesn't know what the character is thinking unless the character speaks of it.	144
7223107407	first person narrator	this is a narrator who is a character in the story and tells the tale from his/her POV. when the narrator is crazy, a liar, very young, or for some reason not entirely credible, the narrator is "unreliable"	145
7223107408	prosody	the grammar of meter and rhythm in poetry	146
7223107409	protagonist	the main character in a work of literature	147
7223107410	prelude	an introductory poem to a longer work of verse	148
7223107411	pun	the usually humorous use of a word in such a way to suggest two or more meanings	149
7223107412	pseudonym	also called "pen name", a false name or alias used by writers. i.e Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) George Orwell (Eric Blair)	150
7223107413	quatrian	a four-line poem or a four-line unit of a longer poem	151
7223107414	refrain	a line or set of lines repeated several times over the course of a poem	152
7223107415	requiem	a song of prayer for the dead	153
7223107416	realism	the depiction of people, things, and events as they really are without idealization or exaggeration for effect	154
7223107417	rhetoric	the language of a work and its style; words, often highly emotional, used to convince or sway an audience	155
7223107418	rhetorical question	a question that suggests an answer. in theory, the effect is that it causes the listener to feel they have come up with the answer themselves	156
7223107419	rhapsody	an intensely passionate verse or section of verse, usually of love or praise	157
7223107420	rhyme	the repetition of similar sounds at regular intervals, used mostly in poetry	158
7223107421	rhyme scheme	the patterns of rhymes within a given poem i.e. abba	159
7223107422	rhythm	the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables that make up a line of poetry. similar to meter	160
7223107423	romance	an extended narrative about improbable events and extraordinary people in exotic places	161
7223107424	sarcasm	a sharp, caustic expression or remark; a bitter jibe or taunt	162
7223107425	satire	a literary style used to poke fun at, attack or ridicule an idea, vice, or foible, often for the purpose of inducing change. great subjects for this include hypocrisy, vanity and greed, especially if those characteristics have become institutionalized in society	163
7223107426	simile	figurative comparison using the words "like" or "as"	164
7223107427	setting	the total environment for the action in a novel/play. it includes time, place, historical milieu, and social, political and even spiritual circumstances	165
7223107428	sentimental	a term that describes characters' excessive emotional response to experience; also nauseatingly nostalgic and mawkish	166
7223107429	sentiment	a synonym for "view" or "feeling"; also refined and tender emotion in literature	167
7223107430	scansion	the act of determining the meter of a poetic line.	168
7223107431	sonnet	a popular form of verse consisting of fourteen lines and a prescribed rhyme scheme. two types: Shakespearean and Petrarchan	169
7223107432	soliloquy	a speech spoken by a character alone on stage. meant to convey the impression that the audience is listening to the character's THOUGHTS. unlike an aside, it is not meant to imply that the actor acknowledges the audience's presence	170
7223107433	stanza	a group of lines in verse, roughly analogous in function to the paragraph in prose; a group of two or more lines in poetry combined according to subject matter, rhyme, or some other plan	171
7223107434	stream of consciousness	a style of writing in which the author tries to reproduce the random flow of thoughts in the human mind, e.g. Ernest Hemingway	172
7223107435	stock characters	standard or cliched character types: the drunk, the miser, the foolish girl, etc.	173
7223107436	suggest	to imply, infer indicate. goes along with the concept of implicit	174
7223107437	style	the manner in which an author uses and arranges words, shapes ideas, forms sentences and creates a structure to convey ideas	175
7223107438	subplot	a subordinate or minor collection of events in a novel or play, usually connected to the main plot	176
7223107439	subtext	the implied meaning that underlies the main meaning of a work of literature	177
7223107440	summary	a simple retelling of what you've just read. what you DON'T want to do in the Open Essay section :)	178
7223107441	symbolism	a device in literature where an object represents an idea	179
7223107442	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part signifies the whole or the whole signifies the part	180
7223107443	theme	the main idea or meaning, often an abstract idea upon which a work of literature is built	181
7223107444	thesis	the main position of an argument. the central contention that will be supported	182
7223107445	tone	the author's attitude toward the subject being written about. it's the characteristic emotion that pervades a work or part of a work	183
7223107446	tragic flaw	in a tragedy, this is the weakness of a character in an otherwise good individual that ultimately leads to his demise	184
7223107447	tragedy	a form of literature in which the hero is destroyed by some character flaw and a set of forces that cause the hero considerable anguish, or even death	185
7223107448	travesty	a grotesque parody	186
7223107449	truism	a way-too-obvious truth	187
7223107450	utopia	an idealized place. imaginary communities in which people are able to live in happiness, prosperity and peace. Sir Thomas More came up with this idea.	188
7223107451	verbal irony	a discrepancy between the true meaning of a situation and the literal meaning of the written or spoken words	189
7223107452	verse	a synonym for poetry. also a group of lines in a song or poem; also a single line of poetry	190
7223107453	verisimilitude	similar to the truth; the quality of realism in a work that persuades readers that they are getting a vision of life as it is	191
7223107454	versification	the structural form of a line of verse as revealed by the number of feet it contains. i.e. monometer = 1 foot; tetrameter = 4 feet; pentameter = 5 feet, etc.	192
7223107455	villanelle	a French verse form calculated to appear simple and spontaneous but consisting of 19 lines and a prescribed pattern of rhymes	193
7223107456	voice	the real or assumed personality used by a writer or speaker. a verb is in the active voice when it expresses an action performed by its subject. a verb is in the passive voice when it expresses an action performed upon its subject or when the subject is the result of the action. Active: The crew raked the leaves. Passive: The leaves were raked by the crew.	194
7223107457	wit	the quickness of intellect and the power and talent for saying brilliant things that surprise and delight by their unexpectedness; the power to comment subtly and pointedly on the foibles of the passing scene	195
7223107458	zeugma	the use of a word to modify two or more words, but used for different meanings. "He close the door and his heart on his lost love."	196
7223107459	anastrophe	inversion of the natural or usual word order	197
7223107460	anaphora	repetition of the same words or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses. e.g. "I have a dream..."	198
7223107461	epistrophe	repetition of the same word or group of words at the ends of successive clauses "When we first came we were very many and you were very few. Now you are many and we are getting very few."	199
7223107462	epanalepsis	repetition at the end of a clause of the word that occurred at the beginning of the clause. "Blood hat bought blood, and blows have answer'd blows"	200
7223107463	anadiplosis	repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause. "The crime was common, common be the pain."	201
7223107464	antimetabole	repetition of words, in successive clauses, in reverse grammatical order. "Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country."	202
7223107465	chiasmus	reversal of grammatical structures in successive phrases or clauses. "Exalts his enemies, his friends destroys."	203
7223107466	polyptoton	repetition of words derived from the same root. "But in this desert country they may see the land being rendered USELESS by OVERUSE."	204
7223107467	antanaclasis	repetition of a word in two different senses. "Your argument is sound, nothing but sound."	205
7223107468	paronomasia	use of words alike in sound but different in meaning. "ask for me tomorrow and you will find me a GRAVE man."	206
7223107469	syllepsis	the use of a word understood differently in relation to two or more other words, which it modifies/governs. "The ink, like our pig, keeps running out of the pen."	207
7223107470	anthimeria	the substitution of one part of speech for another "I'll UNHAIR they head."	208
7223107471	periphrasis	substitution of a descriptive word or phrase for a proper name or of a proper name for a quality associated with the name. "They do not escape JIM CROW; they merely encounter another, not less deadly variety."	209
7223107472	autobiography	an account of a person's own life	210
7223107473	dialect	a way of speaking that is characteristic of a particular region/group of people	211
7223107474	epiphany	in a literary work, a moment of sudden insight/revelation that a character experiences	212
7223107475	essay	a short piece of non-fiction prose that examines a single subject from a limited POV	213
7223107476	suspense	the uncertainty/anxiety we feel about what is going to happen next in a story	214

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AP Human Geography: Language Flashcards

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5832893253	Agricultural Theory	one theory of the diffusion of Indo-European Language; began in Central Turkey and spread 11 miles per generation (approx 25 years) because of agricultural technology (everyone learned Indo-European language in order to learn how to use the new technology); this theory agrees with the Renfrew (Anatolian) hypothesis	0
5832893254	Basque	A group of people who live in the mountainous region of Spain that speak Euskara that want to separate from Spain due to their language difference	1
5832893255	Caucasian	describes the languages and people that are surrounded by the Caucus Mountains; limited spatial interaction due to the mountain range preserves their languages	2
5832893256	Conquest Theory	Theory that has the most support in the community and it also supports the Kurgan Hypothesis; believes that Indo-European began in Ukraine and the peoples settled in this area were the first to ride horses which allowed them to conquer other peoples easily thus spread Indo-European	3
5832893257	Creole Language	a pidgin language that have developed a more complex structure and vocabulary and has become the native language of a group of people	4
5832893258	Dialect	reflect the ordinary speech of subdivisions of the population - in certain areas, social, or professional groups, even gender; determined by vocabulary, syntax, pronunciation, cadence, and pace variations of standard languages along regional or ethnic lines	5
5832893259	Diffusion Barriers to Language	Mountain ranges, oceans, government policies etc/ Physical features that hinder the spread of language	6
5832893260	Euskara	language spoken by the Basque; has no known ancestors or related languages	7
5832893261	Extinct language	A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer needed	8
5832893262	Indo-European Family	The largest language family in the world; includes English, Italian, European languages, and Hindi) found in North America, South America, Europe, Australia, parts of Russia, India, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of Asia	9
5832893264	Language	An organized system of signs, sounds, or gestures by which people communicate with each other	10
5832893265	Language Branch	A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. Differences are not as extensive or as old with language families, and archaeological evidence can confirm that the branches derived from the same family.	11
5832893266	Language Convergence	When people with different languages have consistent spatial interaction and their languages collapse into one	12
5832893267	Language Divergence	When a lack of spatial interaction among speakers of a language breaks a language into dialects and new languages	13
5832893268	Language Group	A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary.	14
5832893269	Language Family	Languages related to each other by an ancestral language ex: Indo-European	15
5832893270	Lingua Franca	A language used among speakers of mutually unintelligible languages for the purposes of trade and commerce, and often for religious, government, legal or scholarship purposes Ex: English (the largest one), Swahili, and Mandarin Chinese	16
5832893271	Monolingual	societies that use one language ex: Japan, Venezuela, Portugal, Poland, and Iceland	17
5832893272	Official Language	In multilingual countries the language selected often by the educated and politically powerful elite, to promote internal cohesion; usually the language of the courts and government	18
5832893273	Orthography	the conventional spelling system of a language.	19
5832893274	Multilingualism	A state or person that speaks more than one language	20
5832893276	Pidgin Language	A language created when people combine parts of two or more languages into a simplified structure and vocabulary; no set rules of grammar or syntax and not really written	21
5832893277	Pidgin	A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages.	22
5832893279	Protolanguage (not in language)	ancestor language to a language	23
5832893281	Romance Languages	languages that are all related to a common ancestor (Latin) ex: Portugese, French, Spanish, Romanian, Italian	24
5832893282	Khoisan (not in book)	The once dominant language family in Africa; languages were made up of a series of clicks; was replaced by Niger-Congo language family	25
5832893283	Speech Community	A group of people that speak a common language	26
5832893284	English Received Pronunciation	also known as the "King's English", "Oxford English" and "BBC English" it is the proper dialect of English in England	27
5832893285	Isogloss	A geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs (occurrence line)	28
5832893286	Standard Language	accepted community norms of syntax, vocabulary and pronunciation; it is a dialect that is chosen to be a standard and purposefully taught	29
5832893287	Toponym	The study of names of places like towns, cities, states, countries, stadiums, streets etc.	30
5832893288	Vernacular	Everyday language of ordinary people	31
5832893289	Linguistic Geography	the study of speech areas and their local variations by mapping word choices, pronunciations, or grammatical constructions	32
5832893290	Backward Reconstruction	working backwards to figure out where words and languages come from	33
5832893291	Afro-Asiatic Language Family	found in Algeria, Libya, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Jordan, Iraq, Syria,Sudan, Mali, Niger, Morocco, Ethiopia, Somalia, Western Sahara, Mauritania, Israel, Lebanon and parts of Nigeria, Kenya, and Central African Republic; third largest language family	34
5832893292	Bantu Family	Similar to the click languages (Khoisan family) and is a major branch of the Niger-Congo Language Family	35
5832893293	Esperanto	Language created by Zamenhof that would be universal and transcend all nationalities	36
5832893294	Sino-Tibetan Language Family	Found in China, Burma, Thailand, Bhutan, and parts of Nepal	37
5832893295	Geographic (Regional) Dialect	a language variant marked by spatial or regional vocabulary grammar and pronunciation differences Ex: North and South regions of the US	38
5832893296	Social Dialect	A dialect which is shaped by factors such as the socio-economic class, gender, age, education, and occupation of the speakers.	39
5832893297	Ideogram	a written character symbolizing the idea of a thing without indicating the sounds used to say it, e.g., numerals and Chinese characters.	40
5832893298	Isolated language	A language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any language family	41
5832893299	Literary Tradition	A language that is written as well as spoken	42
5832893300	Trade Language	a restructured language (as a lingua franca or pidgin) used especially in commercial communication.	43
5832903334	France	made the Academie Francaise to help protect the french language	44
5832905312	Belgium	french in south and flemish in north brussels= bilingual	45
5832907317	Quebec	wants independence all businesses must be able to run in french	46
5832910527	Mutual intelligibility	two people can understand each other rejected by geographers as definition of a language (chinese)	47
5832916398	Cadence	rhythm of speech	48
5832923846	Sino-Tibetan	chinese area	49
5832925693	Dialect chains	dialects nearest to each other will be the most similar	50
5832926556	Hans Kurath	atlases of dialects in USA (north, south...)	51
5832929184	Bert Vaux	maps of soda pop coke and hero sub poor-boy	52
5832935010	Sound Shift	slight change in a word across languages within a subfamily or through a language family	53
5832939744	deep reconstruction	deducing a part of vocab of an extinct language and then recreating the language preceding it	54
5832945737	Dispersal Hypothesis	PIE first carried to SE Asia then across Russia-Ukrainian plains to the Balkans	55
5832949249	Romance languages	french, spanish, italian, romanian, portugese areas controlled by roman empire latin ancestors	56
5832952116	Germanic languages	english, german, danish, norwegian, swedish	57
5832954717	Slavic languages	russian, polish, czech, slovak, ukrainian, slovenian, serbo-croatian, bulgarian	58
5832959462	Nigeria	official language english but english taught in schools becomes useless in everyday life too many different languages: Hausa north, Yoruba SW, Ibo SE	59
5832966960	Gutenberg	allowed languages to become standard bibles	60
5832971350	Monolingual States	countries where almost everyone speaks the same language japan, uruguay, iceland, denmark, portugal, poland, Lesotho no true monolingual country	61
5832981056	Multilingual states	canada belgium india	62
5832984470	Global language	common language of trade and commerce around the world	63
5832985769	Place	unique location and constitutes a reflection of human activities, ideas, and tangible creations	64
5832990224	Toponyms	place names	65
5832993508	George stewart	10 basic types of toponyms	66
5832995486	Descriptive toponyms	rocky mountains	67
5832998497	Commendatory toponyms	paradise valley	68
5833000245	Possession Toponyms	Johnson city	69
5833001435	Shift names	relocated names (Lancaster england and lancaster PA)	70
5833008358	Postcolonial toponyms	with independence comes toponym changes	71
5833011170	Postrevolution toponyms	soviet union (when it was made and collapsed), africa	72
5833014453	Memorial toponyms	MLK street	73
5833016441	Commodifying	buying, selling, trading	74
5833017342	commodification toponyms	tokyo, paris disneyland and stadiums (FedEx field)	75

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AP Literature 1 Flashcards

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7145362795	allegory	story or poem that can be used to reveal a hidden meaning	0
7145362796	alliteration	beginning of same letter or sound in closely connected words	1
7145362797	allusion	indirect of passing reference	2
7145362798	anaphora	repetition in first part of a sentence , to have an artistic meaning	3
7145362799	antagonist	a hostile person who is opposed to another character	4
7145362800	apostrophe	figure of speech used to adresss an imaginary character	5
7145362801	approximate rhyme	words in rhyming pattern that sound alike	6
7145362802	aside	when a character's dialogue is spoken but not heard by other actors on the stage	7
7145362803	assonance	repetition of vowel sounds	8
7145362804	blank verse	poetry written in meter without an ending rhyme	9

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AP Language Rhetorical Terms Flashcards

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6475189095	Alliteration	The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonants in two or more neighboring words (as in "she sells sea shells). The repetition can reinforce meaning, unify ideas, supply a musical sound, and/or echo the sense of the passage.	0
6475189098	Anadiplosis	It refers to the repetition of a word or words in successive clauses in such a way that the second clause starts with the same word which marks the end of the previous clause. Ex. "Fear is the path to the dark side. Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering. I sense much fear from you." - Yoda, Star Wars	1
6475189100	Anaphora	One of the devices of repetition, in which the same expression (word or words) is repeated at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences. Ex. "It was the best of times; it was the worst of times." - Dickens	2
6475189101	Anecdote -	A short narrative detailing particulars of an interesting episode or event. The term most frequently refers to an incident in the life of a person.	3
6475189102	Antecedent	The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.	4
6475189104	Antithesis	Figure of balance in which two contrasting ideas are intentionally juxtaposed, usually through parallel structure; a contrasting of opposing ideas in adjacent phrases, clauses, or sentences. "That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind" - Neil Armstrong	5
6475189105	Aphorism -	A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle. Ex. A watched pot never boils.	6
6475189106	Apostrophe -	A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. It is an address to someone or something that cannot answer. The effect is to give vent to or display intense emotion, which can no longer be held back.	7
6475189108	Assonance-	The repetition of the sound of a vowel or diphthong in nonrhyming stressed syllables near enough to each other for the echo to be discernible.	8
6475189109	Asyndeton	consists of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses. This can give the effect of unpremeditated multiplicity, of an extemporaneous rather than a labored account. Ex. "I came. I saw. I conquered."	9
6475189112	Cacophony -	The use of words with sharp, harsh, hissing and unmelodious sounds primarily those of consonants to achieve desired results. Ex. "We will have no truce or parley with you and your grisly gang who work your wicked will." - Winston Churchill	10
6475189114	Chiasmus	A figure of speech in which two successive phrases or clauses are parallel in syntax, but reverse the order of the analogous words. Ex. "The land was ours before we were the land's" - Robert Frost (N, V, Pro: Pro, V, N)	11
6475189115	Clause -	A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb and can sand alone as a sentence. A dependent or subordinate clause cannot stand alone as a sentence and must be accompanied by an independent clause.	12
6475189116	Colloquial/colloquialism	The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. Not generally acceptable for formal writing, as they give a work a conversational, familiar tone. In writing they include local or regional dialects. Ex. A dime, a dozen"	13
6475189118	Conceit -	A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects. Displays intellectual cleverness as a result of the unusual comparison being made.	14
6475189124	Didactic	From the Greek, it literally means "teaching." These works have the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially the teaching of moral or ethical principles.	15
6475189125	Ellipsis -	The deliberate omission of a word from prose done for effect by author.	16
6475189135	Hyperbole	A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement.	17
6475189140	Irony/ironic -	The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant. The difference between what appears to be and what actually is true. In general, there are three major types used in language.	18
6475189141	Juxtaposition	When two words, phrases, images, ideas are placed close together or side by side for comparison or contrast. Ex. Summer and Winter	19
6475189142	Litotes	From the Greek word "simple" or "plain." It is a figure of thought in which a point is affirmed by negating its opposite. It is a special form of understatement, where the surface denial serves, through ironic contrast, to reinforce the underlying assertion.	20
6475189143	Loose sentence -	A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. If a period were placed at the end of the independent clause, the clause would be a complete sentence.	21
6475189144	Metaphor -	A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity. Ex. Her smile was brighter than the sun.	22
6475189145	Metonymy	A term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name." It is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it.	23
6475189148	Onomatopoeia	A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. Simple examples include such words as buzz, hiss, hum, crack, whinny, and murmur.	24
6475189149	Oxymoron -	From the Greek for "pointedly foolish," it is a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox. Ex. I must be cruel only to be kind.	25
6475189150	Paradox -	A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity. Ex. What a pity that youth must be wasted on the young.	26
6475189151	Parallelism -	This term comes from Greek roots meaning "beside one another." It refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity. IE "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity . . ."	27
6475189152	Parody -	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.	28
6475189153	Pedantic	An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish. Ex. An English teacher who corrects every grammar mistake.	29
6475189154	Periodic sentence -	A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. This independent clause is preceded by a phrase or clause that cannot stand alone. For example: "Ecstatic with my AP score, I let out a loud, joyful shout!"	30
6475189155	Personification -	A figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions.	31
6475189156	Polysyndeton	Figure of addition and emphasis which intentionally employs a series of conjunctions (FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) not normally found in successive words, phrases or clauses; the deliberate and excessive use of conjunctions in successive words or clauses.	32
6475189165	Rhetorical Question	Differs from hypophora in that it is not answered by the writer because its answer is obvious or obviously desired, and usually just a yes or no answer would suffice. It is used for effect, emphasis, or provocation, or for drawing a concluding statement from the fact at hand.	33
6475189166	Sarcasm -	From the Greek meaning "to tear flesh," this involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something.	34
6475189167	Satire -	A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule. It can be recognized by the many devices used effectively: irony, wit, parody, caricature, hyperbole, understatement, and sarcasm.	35
6475189168	Simile -	A figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things. Unlike a metaphor, it draws resemblance with the help of the words "like" or "as". Ex. "Her smile was like the sun."	36
6475189169	Semantics -	The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one another.	37
6475189173	Syllogism	From the Greek for "reckoning together, " it is a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises (the first one called "major" and the second, "minor") that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion. A frequently cited example proceeds as follows; Major premise: All men are mortal Minor premise: Socrates is a man. Conclusion: Therefore, Socrates is mortal.	38
6475189175	Synecdoche	is a type of metaphor in which the part stands for the whole, the whole for a part, the genus for the species, the species for the genus, the material for the thing made, or in short, any portion, section, or main quality for the whole or the thing itself (or vice versa). Ex. Give us this day our daily bread.	39
6475286807	Isocolon	a rhetorical device that involves a succession of sentences, phrases and clauses of grammatically equal length. It is the repetition of similar grammatical forms.	40
6475286808	Anastrophe	is a scheme that writers use which moves words out of the normal order that they would be commonly spoken in.	41
6475288322	Parenthesis	a pair of ( ) that are used to mark off an interjected explanatory or qualifying remark	42
6475288323	Apposition	A relationship between two or more words/phrases that when placed beside each other in a sentence describes or defines the other.	43
6475352297	Epistrophe	The repetition of a word(s) at the end of successive clauses or sentences.	44
6479036980	Epanalepsis	is a figure of speech defined by the repetition of the initial word (or words) of a clause or sentence at the end of that same clause or sentence.	45
6479045692	Climax	Words, phrases or clauses are arranged in a sentence in increasing importance	46
6479047545	Antimetabole	The repetition of a phrase in reverse order at the end of a sentence. Comes from Greek meaning "To turn about in the opposite direction."	47
6479049774	Polyptoton	is the repetition of a root word in a variety of ways.	48
6479052781	Antanaclasis	a rhetorical device in which a phrase or word is repeatedly used.	49
6479054433	Paranomasia	a phrase intentionally used to exploit the confusion between words having similar sounds but different meanings. It is like a word play and is also known as a pun.	50
6479054434	Syllepsis	a kind of ellipsis in which one word (usually a verb) is understood differently in relation to two or more other words, which it modifies or governs.	51
6479057589	Zeugma	a figure of speech in which a word, usually a verb or an adjective, applies to more than one noun, blending together grammatically and logically different ideas.	52
6479057590	Anthimeria	substitution of one part of speech for another	53
6479060642	Periphrasis	the use of indirect and circumlocutory speech or writing. an indirect and circumlocutory phrase. the use of separate words to express a grammatical relationship that is otherwise expressed by inflection, (e.g., did go as opposed to went and more intelligent as opposed to smarter)	54
6479060643	Apostrophe	when a character in a literary work speaks to an object, an idea, or someone who doesn't exist as if it is a living person.	55
6479063923	Cumulative sentence	A loose sentence that begins with a main clause that is followed by phrases that modify the main clause.	56
6479063924	Phrase	a group or words that express a concept and is used as a unit within a sentence.	57
6479063925	Motif	an object or idea that repeats itself throughout a literary art work; can be seen as an image, sound action or other figures that have a symbolic significance and contributes to the development of the theme	58
6896825014	Epigraph	a literary device in the form of a poem, quotation or sentence usually placed at the beginning of a document or a simple piece having a few sentences but which belongs to another writer.	59

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Vocab 5: AP Language: Semster 2 Flashcards

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6266900801	antimetabole	figure of emphasis in which the words in one phrase or clause are replicated, exactly, or closely, in reverse grammatical order in the next phrase or clause Example: "And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country." -John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address 1961	0
6266900802	antecedent	the word, phrase or clause referred to by a pronoun	1
6266900803	antithesis	the opposition or contrast of ideas; the direct opposite Example: "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." -Neil Armstrong	2
6266900804	ad hominem	in argument, an attack against a person rather than the issue	3
6266900805	colloquialism	a word or phrase (including slang) used in everyday conversation and informal writing but that is often inappropriate in formal writing	4
6266900806	anadiplosis	repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause Example: "Never steal, cheat, lie, or drink- But if you must steal, steal away from bad company. if you must cheat, cheat death. if you must lie, lie in the arms of the one you love. And if you must drink, drink in the good times." -From the movie Hitch	5
6266900807	anaphora	form of parallel structure that uses the same words at the beginning of successive clauses Example: "We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender." -Winston Churchill	6
6266900808	anecdote	a short account of some interesting or humorous event, often a personal experience of the speaker or writer	7

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AP Literature Flashcards

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7271030243	Epic Poetry	A long, serious, poetic narrative about a significant event, often featuring a hero.	0
7271033673	Sonnet	A poem of 14 lines using any of a number of formal rhyme schemes, in English typically having ten syllables per line.	1
7271041513	Lyric	Expressing the writer's emotions, usually briefly and in stanzas or recognized forms.	2
7271046370	Ballad	A poem or song narrating a story in short stanzas. Traditional ballads are typically of unknown authorship, having been passed on orally from one generation to the next as part of the folk culture.	3
7271050125	Allegory	a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.	4
7271052870	Diction	the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.	5
7271058787	Syntax	the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.	6
7271061710	Tone	the general character or attitude of a place, piece of writing, situation, etc.	7
7271061711	Mood	is a literary element that evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions.	8
7271068179	Simile	a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid (e.g., as brave as a lion, crazy like a fox ).	9
7271078368	Metaphor	a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable. "I had fallen through a trapdoor of depression,"	10
7271084528	Personification	the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form.	11
7271088690	Synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa, as in Cleveland won by six runs (meaning "Cleveland's baseball team").	12
7271093383	Metonymy	the substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant, for example suit for business executive, or the track for horse racing.	13
7271096783	Hyperbole	exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.	14
7271098971	Understatement	the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.	15
7271101835	Paradox	a seemingly absurd or self-contradictory statement or proposition that when investigated or explained may prove to be well founded or true.	16
7271107217	Oxymoron	a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction (e.g., faith unfaithful kept him falsely true ).	17
7271114245	Apostrophe	a figure of speech sometimes represented by exclamation "O". A writer or a speaker, using an apostrophe, detaches himself from the reality and addresses an imaginary character in his speech.	18
7271414597	Litotes	ironic understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of its contrary (e.g., "you won't be sorry", meaning "you'll be glad" ).	19
7271122802	Sound Patterns	The kind of repetition that most people associate with poetry is the repetition of sounds, in particular in rhyme. Apart from rhyme, there are other sound patterns in poetry which create additional meaning, such as alliteration, assonance and onomatopoeia.	20
7271125778	Alliteration	the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.	21
7271127784	Assonance	in poetry, the repetition of the sound of a vowel or diphthong in nonrhyming stressed syllables near enough to each other for the echo to be discernible (e.g., penitence, reticence ).	22
7271133090	Blank verse	verse without rhyme, especially that which uses iambic pentameter.	23
7271138403	Consonance	the recurrence of similar sounds, especially consonants, in close proximity	24
7271142028	Euphony	the quality of being pleasing to the ear, especially through a harmonious combination of words.	25
7271144744	Cacophony	a harsh, discordant mixture of sounds.	26
7271147970	Onomatopoeia	the formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named (e.g., cuckoo, sizzle ).	27
7271151741	Rhyme	correspondence of sound between words or the endings of words, especially when these are used at the ends of lines of poetry.	28
7271154728	Rhythm	a literary device which demonstrates the long and short patterns through stressed and unstressed syllables particularly in verse form.	29
7271159897	Anaphora	the use of a word referring to or replacing a word used earlier in a sentence, to avoid repetition, such as "do" in "I like it and so do they."	30
7271165972	Pun	a joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words that sound alike but have different meanings. Basically just talk to Diego for over 5 minutes to experience around 7...	31
7271170292	Allusion	an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.	32
7271173972	Imagery	visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work.	33
7271406238	Analogy	a comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification.	34
7271176172	Symbolism	the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.	35
7271178385	Flashback	a scene set in a time earlier than the main story.	36
7271182448	Foreshadow	a warning or indication of (a future event).	37
7271183933	Dialect	a particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region or social group.	38
7271188055	Suspense	is the intense feeling that an audience goes through while waiting for the outcome of certain events.	39
7271199292	Plot	the main events of a play, novel, movie, or similar work, devised and presented by the writer as an interrelated sequence.	40
7271193668	Characterization	the creation or construction of a fictional character. Protagonist being the main hero, Antagonist being the rival/enemy the hero most face to let the plot resolve in a "Happy Ending"	41
7271201772	Theme	the central topic a text treats.	42
7271204185	Motif	a distinctive feature or dominant idea in an artistic or literary composition.	43
7271208955	Point of View	the narrator's position in relation to the story being told. First person - story is narrated by one character at a time. This character may be speaking about him or herself or sharing events that he or she is experiencing. Third Person Limited - the narrator only knows the thoughts and feelings of one character. Third Person Omniscient - narrator knows all the thoughts, actions, and feelings of all characters.	44
7271222705	Narrator	a person who narrates something, especially a character who recounts the events of a novel or narrative poem.	45
7271229439	Flat Character	two-dimensional in that they are relatively uncomplicated and do not change throughout the course of a work.	46
7271232363	Round Character	extremely realistic, behaving and speaking in a "real life" manner. The character is complex and increases in complexity throughout the story.	47
7271239302	Soliloquy	an act of speaking one's thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any hearers, especially by a character in a play.	48
7271243626	Monologue	an extended speech by one person.	49

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AP Language term list #5 Flashcards

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5175104639	Nonchalant	Cool, carefree, and casually unconcerned. Adjective My reaction to my brother leaving for college was surprisingly ____________, and I felt unaffected by the scenario.	0
5175104640	Digress	To stray from the desired topic in writing or speaking Verb The essay _____________ as the student became very tired, and lacked the energy to continue.	1
5175104644	Wither	To dry up or shrivel; to droop or lose freshness. Verb The lettuce __________ as it sat out on the counter top for two days.	2
5175104645	Prodigy	An exceptionally talented child. Noun Six-year-old Kiley joined in the Philadelphia orchestra, as she was a violin _________.	3
5175104649	Embellish	To decorate with added detail. Verb I _______ my schoolbag to make it stand out in the hallways.	4
5175104650	Mundane	Commonplace, ordinary, everyday. Adjective Her weekend was very ________ , as she worked Saturday morning, then proceeded to watch Netflix, and go to sleep.	5
5175104655	staid	unemotional; serious	6
5175104652	Apathy	Lack of emotion or feeling; disinterest in or disassociation from Noun She seemed full of __________, as she shrugged her shoulders at the suggested changes for her English paper.	7
5175104653	Mayhem	Needless or willful damage or destruction. Noun The crowd at the basketball game created ___________ , as the home team lost.	8
5175104654	pedantic	Excessively concerned with book learning and rules	9