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Voacb List 1 Flashcards

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7576413637AlliterationThe repetition of accented consonant sounds at the beginning of words that are close to each other, usually to create an effect, rhythm, or emphasis.0
7576487834AllusionA reference in literature or in art to previous literature, history, mythology, pop culture/current events, or the Bible.1
7576496247AmbiguityQuality of being intentionally unclear. Events or situations that are ambiguous can be interpreted in more than one way. This device is especially beneficial in poetry, as it tends to grace the work with the richness and depth of multiple meanings.2
7576516803AnachronismAn element in a story that is out of its time frame; sometimes used to create humorous or jarring effect. Beware: This sometimes can also occur because of careless or poor research on the author's part.3
7576527262AnalogyAn analogy clarifies or explains an unfamiliar concept or object, or one that cannot be put into words, by comparing it with one which is familiar. By explaining the abstract in terms of the concrete, an analogy may force the reader to think more critically about a concept. Analogies tend to appear more often in prose than poetry. They enliven writing by making it more interesting, entertaining, and understandable. Similes and metaphors are to specific types of analogies.4
7576564752AnalysisThe process of examining the components of a literary work.5
7576569376AnapestThe poetic foot (measure) that follows the pattern of unaccented, unaccented, accented. The poet is usually trying to convey a rollicking, moving rhythm with this pattern.6
7576580701AnecdoteA short and often personal story used to emphasize a point, to develop a character or a theme, or to inject humor.7
7576587562AntagonistA character who functions as a resisting force to the goals of the protagonist. The antagonist is often a villain, but in a case where the protagonist is evil (for example, in Macbeth), the antagonist may be virtuous (i.e. Macduff).8
7588638713AntecedentThe word or phrase to which a pronoun refers. It often precedes a pronoun in prose (but not necessarily in poetry).9
7588650743AnticlimaxAn often disappointing, sudden end to an intense situation.10
7588659112AntiheroA protagonist who carries the action of the literary piece but does not embody the classic characteristics of courage, strength, and nobility.11
7588672187AntithesisA concept that is directly opposed to a previously presented idea.12
7588682648AphorismA terse statement that expresses a general truth or moral principle; sometimes considered a folk proverb.13
7588693076ApostropheA rhetorical (not expecting an answer) figure of direct address to a person, object, or abstract entity. (can be a poem to someone)14
7588709021ApotheosisElevating someone to the level of a god.15
7588712883ArchetypeA character, situation, or symbol that is familiar to people from all cultures because it occurs frequently in literature, myth, religion, or folklore.16
7588748036AsideA short speech or remark made by an actor to the audience rather than to the other characters, who do not hear him or her. Shakespeare's characters often share their thoughts with us in this way.17
7588762338AssonanceThe repeated use of a vowel sound.18
7588765773AttitudeThe author's feelings toward the topic he or she is writing about. Attitude, often used interchangeably with "tone," is usually revealed through word choice.19
7588780494AubadeA poem or song about lovers who must leave one another in the early hours of the morning.20
7588789007BalladA folk song or poem passed down orally that tells a story of which may be derived from an actual incident or from legend or folklore. Usually composed in four-line stanzas (quatrains) with the rhyme scheme abcb. Ballads often contain a refrain.21
7588812729Blank verseUnrhymed poetry of iambic pentameter (five feet of two syllables each- unstressed and stressed); favored technique of Shakespeare. (maybe look up example)22
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AP Literature Vocabulary #14 Roots Flashcards

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8481854021palin / pali *palindrome:* a word, phrase, passage, or number that reads the same forward and backwardback, again0
8481855240pan *pandemic:* a disease or condition that is found in a large part of a populationall, every1
8481857972path *sympathy:* the ability to enter into, understand, or share somebody else's feelingsfeeling, suffering2
8481866814pel, puls *pulsate:* to vibrate or throbpush3
8481869753pend *suspend:* to hang something from above, especially so that it can swing freelyhang, weigh4
8481872485per *percolate:* to pass slowly through something or spread throughout a placethrough5
8481879075port *portable:* designed to be light or compact enough to carry or move easily from place to placecarry6
8481883184pot *omnipotent:* possessing complete, unlimited, or universal power and authoritypower7
8481887229pseudo *pseudoscience:* a theory or method doubtfully or mistakenly held to be scientificfalse8
8481888178pugna *pugnacious:* inclined to fight or be aggressivefight9
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Barron's AP Literature Vocabulary Flashcards

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4056903320abstractAn abbreviated synopsis of a longer work of scholarship or research.0
4056903321adageA saying or proverb containing a truth based on experience and often couched in metaphorical language.1
4056903322allegoryA story in which the narrative or characters carry an underlying symbolic, metaphorical, or possibly an ethical meaning. The story and characters represent values beyond themselves.2
4056903323alliterationThe repetition of one or more initial consonants in a group of words or lines of poetry or prose. Used for ornament or for emphasis. Also used in epithets, phrases, and slogans. Enhances the aesthetic quality of a prose passage or poem.3
4056903324allusionA reference to a person, place, or event meant to create an effect or enhance the meaning of an idea.4
4056903325ambiguityA vagueness of meaning; a conscious lack of clarity meant to evoke multiple meanings and interpretation.5
4056903326anachronismA person, scene, event, or other element in literature that fails to correspond with the time or era in which the work is set.6
4056903327analogyA comparison that points out similarities between two dissimilar things.7
4056903328annotationA brief explanation, summary, or evaluation of a text or work of literature.8
4056903329antagonistA character or force in a work of literature that, by opposing the protagonist, produces tension or conflict.9
4056903330antithesisA rhetorical opposition or contrast of ideas by means of a grammatical arrangement of words, clauses, or sentences.10
4056903331aphorismA short, pithy statement of a generally accepted truth or sentiment.11
4056903332ApollonianIn contrast to Dionysian, it refers to the most noble, godlike qualities of human nature and behavior.12
4056903333apostropheA rhetorical device in which a speaker addresses a person or personified thing not present.13
4056903334archetypeAn abstract or ideal conception of a type; a perfectly typical example; an original model or form.14
4056903335assonanceThe repetition of two or more vowel sounds in a group of words or lines in poetry and prose.15
4056903336balladA simple narrative verse that tells a story that is sung or recited.16
4056903337bardA poet; in olden times, a performer who told heroic stories to a musical accompaniment.17
4056903338bathosThe use of insincere or overdone sentimentality.18
4056903339belle-lettresFrench term for the world of books, criticism, and literature in general.19
4056903340bibliographyA list of works cited or otherwise relevant to a subject or other work.20
4056903341BildungsromanA German word referring to a novel structured as a series of events that take place as the hero travels in quest of a goal.21
4056903342blank versePoetry written in iambic pentameter, the primary meter used in English poetry and the words of Shakespeare and Milton. The lines generally do not rhyme.22
4056903343bombastInflated, pretentious language used for trivial subjects.23
4056903344burlesqueA work of literature meant to ridicule a subject; a grotesque imitation.24
4056903345cacophonyGrating, inharmonious sounds.25
4056903346caesuraA pause somewhere in the middle of a verse, often (but not always) marked by punctuation.26
4056903347canonThe works considered most important in a national literature or period; works widely read and studied.27
4056903348caricatureA grotesque likeness of striking qualities in persons and things.28
4056903349carpe diemLiterally, "seize the day"; enjoy life while you can, a common theme in literature.29
4056903350catharsisA cleansing of the spirit brought about by the pity and terror or a dramatic tragedy.30
4056903351classicA highly regarded work of literature or other art form that has withstood the test of time.31
4056903352classical, classicismDeriving from the orderly qualities of ancient Greek and Roman culture; implies formality, objectivity, simplicity, and restraint.32
4056903353climaxThe high point, or turning point, or a story or play.33
4056903354coming-of-age-story/novelA tale in which a young protagonist experiences an introduction to adulthood. The character may develop understanding via disillusionment, education, doses of reality, or any other experiences that alter his or her emotional or intellectual maturity.34
4056903355conceitA witty or ingenious thought a diverting or highly fanciful idea, often stated in figurative language.35
4056903356connotationThe suggested or implied meaning of a word or phrase. Contrast with denotation.36
4056903357consonanceThe repetition of two or more consonant sounds in a group of words or a line of poetry.37
4056903358coupletA pair of rhyming lines in a poem. Two rhyming lines in iambic pentameter is sometimes called a heroic ________.38
4056903359denotationThe dictionary definition of a word. Contrast with connotation.39
4056903360dénouementThe resolution that occurs at the end of a play or work of fiction.40
4056903361deus ex machinaIn literature, the use of an artificial device or gimmick to solve a problem.41
4056903362dictionThe choice of words in oral and written discourse.42
4056903363DionysianAs distinguished from Apollonian, the word refers to sensual, pleasure-seeking impulses.43
4056903364dramatic ironyA circumstance in which the audience or reader knows more about a situation than a character.44
4056903365elegyA poem or prose selection that laments or meditates on the passing or death of something or someone of value.45
4056903366ellipsisThree periods (...) indicating the omission of words in a thought or quotation.46
4056903367elliptical constructionA sentence containing a deliberate omission of words.47
4056903368empathyA feeling of association or identification with an object or person.48
4056903369end-stoppedA term that describes a line of poetry that ends with a natural pause often indicated by a mark of punctuation.49
4056903370enjambmentIn poetry, the use of the successive lines with no punctuation or pause between them.50
4056903371epicAn extended narrative poem that tells of the adventures and exploits of a hero that in generally larger than life and is often considered a legendary figure.51
4056903372epigramA concise but ingenious, witty, and thoughtful statement.52
4056903373euphonyPleasing, harmonious sounds.53
4056903374epithetAn adjective or phrase that expresses a striking quality of a person or thing.54
4056903375eponymousA term for the title character of a work of literature.55
4056903376euphemismA mild or less negative usage for a harsh or blunt term.56
4056903377exegesisA detailed analysis or interpretation of a work of literature.57
4056903378exposéA piece or writing that reveals weakness, faults, frailties, or other shortcomings.58
4056903379expositionThe background and events that lead to the presentation of the main idea or purpose of a work of literature.59
4056903380explicationThe interpretation or analysis of a text.60
4056903381extended metaphorA series of comparisons between two unlike objects.61
4056903382fableA short tale often featuring nonhuman characters that act as people whose actions enable the author to make observations or draw useful lessons about human behavior.62
4056903383falling actionThe action in a play or story that occurs after the climax and that leads to the conclusion and often to the resolution of the conflict.63
4056903384fantasyA story containing unreal, imaginary features.64
4056903385farceA comedy that contains an extravagant and nonsensical disregard of seriousness, although it may have a serious, scornful purpose.65
4056903386figure of speech, figurative languageIn contrast to literal language, _____________ implies meanings. It includes metaphors, similes, and personification, among many others.66
4056903387first-person narrativeA narrative told by a character involved in the story, using pronouns such as I and we.67
4056903388flashbackA return to an earlier time in a story or play in order to clarify present action or circumstances. It might also be a character's account of the past, a dream, or a sudden association with past events.68
4056903389foilA minor character whose personality or attitude contrasts with that of the main character. Juxtaposing one character against another intensifies the qualities of both, to advantage or sometimes to disadvantage.69
4056903390footA unit of stressed and unstressed syllables used to determine the meter of a poetic line.70
4056903391foreshadowingProviding hints of things to come in a story or play.71
4056903392frameA structure that provides premise or setting for a narrative.72
4056903393free verseA kind of poetry without rhymed lines, rhythm, or fixed metrical feet.73
4056903394genreA term used to describe literary forms, such as a novel, play, and essay.74
4056903395Gothic novelA novel in which supernatural horrors and an atmosphere of unknown terrors pervades the action.75
4056903396harangueA forceful sermon, lecture, or tirade.76
4056903397hegemonya dominant cultural trend77
4056903398heroic coupletTwo rhymed lines written in iambic pentameter and used widely in eighteenth-century verse.78
4056903399hubrisThe excessive pride that often leads tragic heroes to their death.79
4056903400humanismA belief that emphasizes faith and optimism in human potential and creativity.80
4056903401hyperboleOverstatement; gross exaggeration for rhetorical effect.81
4056903402idyllA lyric poem or passage that describes a kind of ideal life or place.82
4056903403imageA word or phrase representing that which can be seen, touched, tasted, smelled, or felt.83
4056903404in medias resA narrative that starts not at the beginning of events but at some other critical point.84
4056903405indirect quotationActual words are not stated but only approximated or paraphrased.85
4056903406invectiveA direct verbal assault; a denunciation.86
4056903407ironyA mode of expression in which the intended meaning is the opposite of what is stated, often implying ridicule or light sarcasm; a state of affairs or events that is the reverse of what might have been expected.87
4056903408kenningA device employed in Anglo-Saxon poetry in which the name of a thing is replaced by one of its functions or qualities, as in "ring giver" for a king and "whale-road" for ocean.88
4056903409lampoonA mocking, satirical assault on a person or situation.89
4056903410light verseA variety of poetry meant to entertain or amuse, but sometimes with a satirical thrust.90
4056903411litotesA form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis or intensity.91
4056903412loose sentenceA sentence that follows the customary word order of English sentences, i.e., subject-verb-object. The main idea of the sentence is presented first and is then followed by one or more subordinate clauses.92
4056903413lyric poetryPersonal, reflective poetry that reveals the speaker's thoughts and feelings about the subject.93
4056903414maximA saying or proverb expressing common wisdom or truth.94
4056903415melodramaA literary form in which events are exaggerated in order to create an extreme emotional response.95
4056903416metaphorA figure of speech that compares unlike objects.96
4056903417metaphysical poetryThe work of poets, particularly those of the seventeenth century, that uses elaborate conceits, is highly intellectual, and expresses the complexities of love and life.97
4056903418meterThe pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables found in poetry.98
4056903419metonymyA figure of speech that uses the name of one thing to represent something else with which it is associated.99
4056903420Middle EnglishThe language spoken in England roughly between 1150 and 1500 A.D.100
4056903421mock epicA parody of traditional epic form. It usually treats a frivolous topic with extreme seriousness, using conventions such as invocations to the Muse, action-packed battle scenes, and accounts of heroic exploits.101
4056903422modeThe general form, pattern, and manner of expression of a work of literature.102
4056903423montageA quick succession of images or impressions used to express an idea.103
4056903424moodThe emotional tone in a work of literature.104
4056903425moralA brief and often simplistic lesson that a reader may infer from a work of literature.105
4056903426motifA phrase, idea, or event that through repetition serves to unify or convey a theme in a work of literature.106
4056903427museOne of the ancient Greek goddesses presiding over the arts. The imaginary source of inspiration for an artist or writer.107
4056903428mythAn imaginary story that has become an accepted part of the cultural or religious tradition of a group or society. They are often used to explain natural phenomena. Almost every culture has one of these to account for the creation of the world and its inhabitants.108
4056903429narrativeA form of verse of prose that tells a story.109
4056903430naturalismA term often used as a synonym for realism; also a view of experience that is generally characterized as bleak and pessimistic.110
4056903431non sequiturA statement or idea that fails to follow logically from the one before.111
4056903432novellaA work of fiction of roughly 20,000 to 50,000 words-longer than a short story, but shorter than a novel.112
4056903433novel of mannersA novel focusing on and describing the social customs and habits of a particular social group.113
4056903434odeA lyric poem usually marked by serious, respectful, and exalted feelings toward the subject.114
4056903435Old EnglishThe Anglo-Saxon language spoken in what is now England from approximately 450 to 1150 A.D.115
4056903436omniscient narratorA narrator with unlimited awareness, understanding, and insight of characters, setting, background, and all other elements of the story.116
4056903437onomatopoeiaThe use of words whose sounds suggest their meaning.117
4056903438ottava rimaAn eight-line rhyming stanza of a poem.118
4056903439oxymoronA term consisting of contradictory elements juxtaposed to create a119
4056903440parableA story consisting of events from which a moral or spiritual truth may be derived120
4056903441paradoxA statement that seems self-contradictory but is nevertheless true121
4056903442paraphraseA version of a text put into simpler, everyday words122
4056903443pastoralA work of literature dealing with rural life123
4056903444pathetic fallacyFaulty reasoning that inappropriately ascribes human feelings to nature or nonhuman objects124
4056903445pathosThat element in literature that stimulates pity or sorrow125
4056903446pentameterA verse with five poetic feet per line126
4056903447periodic sentenceA sentence that departs from the usual word order of English sentences by expressing its main though only at the end. In other words, the particulars in the sentence are presented before the idea they support.127
4056903448personaThe role or facade that a character assumes or depicts to a reader, a viewer, or the world at large128
4056903449personificationA figure of speech in which objects and animals are given human characteristics129
4056903450plotThe interrelationship among the events in a story; the plot line is the pattern of events, including exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution.130
4056903451picaresque novelAn episodic novel about a roguelike wanderer who lives off his wits. Ex: Don Quixote, Moll Flanders131
4056903452point of viewThe relation in which a narrator or speaker stands to the story or subject matter of a poem.132
4056903453prosodyThe grammar of meter and rhythm in poetry133
4056903454protagonistThe main character in a work of literature134
4056903455pseudonymAlso called "pen name" or "nom de plume"; a false name or alias used by writers. Ex: Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens)135
4056903456pulp fictionNovels written for mass consumption, often emphasizing exciting and titillating plots136
4056903457punA humorous play on words, using similar-sounding or identical words to suggest different meanings137
4056903458quatrainA four-line poem or a four-line unit of a longer poem138
4056903459realismThe depiction of people, things, and events as they really are without idealization or exaggeration for effect.139
4056903460rhetoricThe language of a work and its style; words, often highly emotional, used to convince or sway an audience140
4056903461rhetorical stanceLanguage that conveys a speaker's attitude or opinion with regard to a particular subject141
4056903462rhymeThe repetition of similar sounds at regular intervals, used mostly in poetry.142
4056903463rhyme schemeThe pattern of rhymes within a given poem143
4056903464rhythmThe pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables that make up a line of poetry144
4056903465roman a clefFrench for a novel in which hisotrical events and actual people appear under the guise of fiction145
4056903466romanceAn extended narrative about improbable events and extraordinary people in exotic places146
4056903467sarcasmA sharp, caustic expression or remark; a bitter jibe or taunt; different from irony, which is more subtle147
4056903468satireA literary style used to poke fun at, attack, or ridicule an idea, vice, or foible, often for the purpose of inducing change148
4056903469scanThe act of determining the meter of a poetic line.149
4056903470sentimentA synonym for view or feeling; also a refined and tender emotion in literature150
4056903471sentimentalA term that describes characters' excessive emotional response to experience; also nauseatingly nostalgic and mawkish151
4056903472settingThe total environment for the action in a novel or play. It includes time, place, historical milieu, and social, political, and even spiritual circumstances152
4056903473simileA figurative comparison using the words like or as153
4056903474sonnetA popular form of verse consisting of fourteen lines and a prescribed rhyme scheme.154
4056903475stanzaA group of two or more lines in poetry combined according to subject matter, rhyme, or some other plan155
4056903476stream of consciousnessA style of writing in which the author tries to reproduce the random flow of thoughts in the human mind156
4056903477styleThe manner in which an author uses and arranges words,157
4056903478subplotA subordinate or minor collection of events in a novel or play, usually connected to the main plot158
4056903479subtextThe implied meaning that underlies the main meaning of a work of literature159
4056903480symbolismThe use of one object to evoke ideas and associations not literally part of the original object160
4056903481synecdocheA figure of speech in which a part signifies the whole ("fifty masts" for fifty ships) or the whole signifies the part ("days" for life, as in "He lived his days in Canada"). Also when the name of the material stands for the thing itself ("pigskin" for football)161
4056903482syntaxThe organization of language into meaningful structure; every sentence has a particular pattern of words162
4056903483themeThe main idea or meaning, often an abstract idea upon which a work of literature is built163
4056903484title characterA character whose name appears in the title of the novel or play; also known as the eponymous character164
4056903485toneThe author's attitude toward the subject being written about. The spirit or quality that is the work's emotional essence165
4056903486tragedyA form of literature in which the hero is destroyed by some character flaw and a set of forces that cause the hero considerable anguish166
4056903487tropeThe generic name for a figure of speech such as image, symbol, simile, and metaphor167
4056903488verbal ironyA discrepancy between the true meaning of a situation and the literal meaning of the written or spoken words168
4056903489verseA synonym for poetry. Also a group of lines in a song or poem; also a single line of poetry169
4056903490verisimilitudeSimilar to the truth; the quality of realism in a work that persuades readers that they are getting a vision of life as it is.170
4056903491versificationThe structural form of a line of verse as revealed by the number of feet it contains. For example: monometer = 1foot; tetrameter = 4 feet; pentameter = 5 feet, and so forth171
4056903492villanelleA French verse form calculated to appear simple and spontaneous but consisting of nineteen lines and a prescribed pattern of rhymes172
4056903493voiceThe real or assumed personality used by a writer or speaker173
4056903494witThe quickness of intellect and the power and talent for saying brilliant things that suprise and delight by their unexpectedness; the power to comment subtly and pointedly on the foibles of the passing scene174
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AP Literature List 11 Vocabulary Flashcards

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5558548491austere(adj) grave; sober, solemn, serious0
5558548492corpulent(adj) large or bulky; portly; fat1
5558548493derisive(adj) characterized by or expressing ridicule; mocking2
5558548494effeminate(adj) characterized by excessive softness, delicacy, self-indulgence3
5558548495jocund(adj) cheerful, merry, blithe, glad4
5558548496manifest(adj) to make clear or evident to the eye or the understanding5
5558548497ostentatious(adj) of actions, manners, qualities exhibited, etc: intended to attract notice6
5558548498sanguine(adj) cheerfully optimistic, hopeful or confident7
5558548499strident(adj) making or having a harsh sound, grating8
5558548500vehement(adj) zealous, ardent, impassioned9
5558570557epistrophe(n) the repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses or sentences.10
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Pre-AP Literature Words Flashcards

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6423159691verseany composition in lines of more of less regular rhythm, usually ending in rimes0
6423159692paraphraseputting into your own words what we understand the poem to say, restating essential ideas1
6423159693summarya brief condensation or gist, main idea, or story2
6423159694themethe central thought of the poem3
6423159695subjectthe main topic, whatever the poem is about4
6423159696carpe diemLatin for "seize the day"5
6423159697lyrica short poem expressing the thoughts and feelings of a single speaker6
6423159698narrative poema poem whose main purpose is to tell a story7
6423159699dramatic poetrypresents the voice of an imaginary character speaking directly, without any narration by the author8
6423159700dramatic monologuea poem written as a speech made by a character (other than the author) at some decisive moment9
6423159701didactic poetrya poem apparently written to state a message or teach a body of knowledge10
6423159702prosodythe study of metrical structures in poetry11
6423159703scansiona matter of listening to a poem and making sense of it12
6423159704foota unit of two or three syllables that contains one strong stress13
6423159705iambica line made up primarily of iambs14
6423159706iambsan unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable15
6423159707anapestica line made up primarily of anapests16
6423159708anapeststwo unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable17
6423159709trochaica line made up primarily of trochees18
6423159710trocheesa stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable19
6423159711dactylica line made up primarily of dactyls20
6423159712dactylsone stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables21
6423159713risingfrom unstressed to stressed22
6423159714fallingfrom stressed to unstressed23
6423159715iambic pentametera line of five iambs24
6423159716accentual meterthe poet does not write in feet but instead counts accents (stresses)25
6423159717quantitative metera meter constructed on the principle of vowel length26
6423159718formgeneral idea, the design of a thing as a whole27
6423159719closed forma poet follows some sort of pattern28
6423159720open forma poet views the writing of a poem a process29
6423159721epiclong narratives tracing the adventures of popular heroes30
6423159722blank verseunrimed iambic pentameter31
6423159723coupleta two line stanza, usually rimed32
6423159724heroic/closed couplettwo rimed lines of an iambic pentameter33
6423159725parallelpair of words, phrases, clauses, or sentences side by side in agreement or similarity34
6423159726antithesisin contrast and opposition to parallel (phrases not in agreement)35
6423159727terceta group of three lines36
6423159728Terza rimamade of tercets linked together by the rime scheme37
6423159729quatraina stanza consisting of four lines38
6423159730syllabic versethe poet establishes a pattern of a certain number of syllables to a line39
6423159731acrostica poem in which the initial letter of each line, read downward, sells out a word40
6423159732fixed forma poem inherits from other poems certain familiar elements of structure41
6423159733conventionsexpected features such as themes, subjects, attitudes, or figures of speech42
6423159734sonnetthe fixed form43
6423159735English (Shakespearean) sonnetrimes cohere in four clusters44
6423159736Italian (Petrarchan) sonnetfollows the rime scheme a b b a, a b b a in its octave then adds new rime sounds in the sestet45
6423159737octavethe first eight lines in a poem46
6423159738sestetthe last eight lines in a poem47
6423159739epigrama short poem ending in a witty turn of thought to which the rest of the composition is intended to lead up48
6423159740limerickfive anapestic lines usually riming a a b b a49
6423159741trioleta short lyric whose first two opening lines are repeated according to a set pattern50
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AP English Literature Exam Review Flashcards

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3160381472anti-climaxa rhetorical device which can be defined as a disappointing situation or a sudden transition in discourse from an important idea to a ludicrous or trivial one0
3160384426asyndentonthe intentional omission of a grammatically necessary conjunction between parts of a sentence; used to create rhythm or emphasis1
6626755100AnapestA metrical foot consisting of two short or unstressed syllables followed by one long or stressed syllable.2
6626755101AssonanceThe repetition of the sound of a vowel or diphthong in nonrhyming stressed syllables near enough to each other for the echo to be discernible (e.g., penitence, reticence).3
6626755102AubadeA morning love song or a song or poem about lovers separating at dawn.4
6626755103BalladA narrative poem written as a series of quatrains where (usually) lines of iambic tetrameter alternate with iambic trimeter with an xaxa xbxb rhyme scheme with frequent use of repetition and often including a refrain.5
6626755104Blank verseUnrhymed iambic pentameter6
6626755105CacophonyA discordant series of harsh, unpleasant sounds that helps to convey disorder. Often furthered by the combined effect of the meaning and the difficulty of pronunciation.7
6626755106CadenceIt is the term used to signal the rising and falling of the voice when reading a literary piece.8
6626755107CaesuraA break, pause or interruption in the middle of a verse or the ending of a word in a foot or at the end of a foot. Marked with a double vertical line.9
6626755108CinquainA five-line stanza.10
6626755109ConsonanceThe use of repeated consonants or consonant patterns as a rhyming device.11
6626755110CoupletA pair of successive lines of verse, especially a pair that rhyme and are of the same length.12
6626755111DactylA foot of three syllables, one long followed by two short in quantitative meter, or one stressed followed by two unstressed in accentua meter (e.g., gently, humanly)13
6626755112DissonanceThe use of harsh sounding and impolite words in poetry.14
6626858940ElegyForm of literature which can be defined as a poem or song in the form of elegiac couplets, written in honor someone deceased.15
6626858941End-stopped rhymeWhere a pause comes at the end of a syntactic unit (sentence, clause, or phrase); this phrase can be expressed in writing as a punctuation mark such as a colon, semi-colon, period, or full stop.16
6626858942EnjambmenThe continuation of the logical sense (and therefore the grammatical construction) beyond the end of a line of poetry. Sometimes done with the tile, which, in effect, becomes the first line of the poem.17
6626858943EpicA long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the history of a nation.18
6626858944Feminine rhymeRhyme that matches two or more syllables, usually at the end of respective lines, where the final syllable or syllables are unstressed.19
6626858945Fixed formA kind of template or formula that poetry can be composed in. The opposite of fixed verse is free verse.20
6626858946FootThe basic unit of measurement of accentua-syllabic meter.21
6626858947HaikuA Japanese poem of seventeen syllables, in three lines of five, seven, and five, traditionally depicting evening images of the natural world.22
6626721478ConnotationThe associated or secondary meaning of a word23
6626721479ConundrumA confusing and difficult problem or question24
6626721480CrisisA time of intense difficulty, trouble, or danger25
6626721481DenotationThe dictionary definition of a word26
6626721482DenoumentThe final part of a play, movie, or narrative in which the strands of the plot are brought together27
6626721483DictionWord choice28
6626721484FableA short story, typically with animals as characters, conveying a moral29
6626721486Falling actionA part of a story, after the climax, before the very end of the story30
6626721487FantasyA genre of imaginative fiction involving magic and adventure, especially in a setting other than the real world31
6626721488FarceA comic dramatic work using buffoonery and horseplay and typically including crude characterization and ludicrously improbable situations32
6626717797Epithetthe application of a word or phrase to someone that describes that person's attributes or qualities33
6626717798Euphonythe use of words and phrases that are distinguished as having a wide range of noteworthy melody or loveliness in the sounds they create34
6626717799Exegesisa critical explanation or interpretation of a text, particularly a religious text.35
6626717800Existentialisma movement in philosophy and literature that emphasizes individual existence, freedom and choice36
6626717801Expositionliterary device used to introduce background information about events, settings, characters etc. to the audience or readers37
6626717802Extended Metaphorrefers to a comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem38
6626642351Fictionliterature in the form of prose, especially short stories and novels, that describes imaginary events and people.39
6626674071Dramatic ironyIrony that is inherent in speeches or a situation of a drama and is understood by the audience but not grasped by the characters in the play40
6626724566Idioma group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words41
6626729962Imageryvisually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work.42
6626736736In media resinto the middle of a narrative; without preamble.43
6626744990Interior monologueinterior monologue is a narrative technique that exhibits the thoughts, feelings, and associations passing through a character's mind.44
6626674072Dumb-showA part of a play presented in pantomime45
6626674073DystopiaAn imagined place or state in which everything is unpleasant or bad, typically a totalitarian or environmentally degraded one46
6626674074EpigramA concise poem dealing pointedly and often satirically with a single thought or event and often ending with an ingenious turn of thought47
6626674075EpiphanyA literary work or section of a work presenting, usually symbolically, such a moment of revelation and insight48
6626642352FlashbackA scene set in a time earlier than the main story49
6626642353Flat characterCharacters that are two-dimensional in a way that they are relatively uncomplicated and do not change throughout the course of the work50
6626642354FoilA character who contrasts with another character in order to highlight the qualities of the other character51
6626670534Realismliterary technique which depicts everyday and banal activities and experiences, instead of using a romanticized or similarly stylized presentation52
6626678420Apostropheabsent person, a personified inanimate being, or an abstraction is addressed as though present53
6626638593Situational IronyIrony involving a situation in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what was intended.54
6626718193LitoteLitote: understatement using a double negative Ex. "not bad"55
6626641724Prologue...56
6626680755Archetypetypical character, an action or a situation that seems to represent such universal patterns of human nature57
6626650930AttitudeThe behavior a person adopts towards others, things, incidents, or happenings58
6626676844chiasmusa rhetorical device in which two or more clauses are balanced against each other by the reversal of their structures in order to produce an artistic effect; example: "Never let a Fool Kiss You or a Kiss Fool You."59
6626642355ForeshadowingAn advanced sign or warning of what is to come in the future60
6626653821Anti-heromain character in a story who lacks the typical heroic qualities of bravery, courage, morality, and the special ability and desire to achieve for the greater good61
6626684375Kafkaesquehaving a nightmarish, bizarre or illogical quality62
6626679085anastrophealso known as inversion; a literary technique in which the normal order of words is reversed in order to achieve a particular effect of emphasis or meter63
6626711268Ideologya system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.64
6626689685Lampoonsharp satire against a person or institution65
6626699833Hyperboleexaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally66
6626678556Hubrisexcessive pride toward or defiance of the gods, leading to nemesis.67
6626674408Juxtapositiontwo contrasting things or ideas put together in a literary work68
6626656427Antithesisrhetorical device in which two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect69
6626672463Aphorismstatement of truth or opinion expressed in a concise and witty manner70
6626667483Puna joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words that sound alike but have different meanings71
6626655056Protagonistthe leading character or one of the major characters in a drama, movie, novel, or other fictional text72
6626651772Prosewritten or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure73
6626659871Juvenalian satirebitter and ironic criticism of contemporary people or institutions with moral indignation and pessimism74
6626667484Hamartiafatal flaw leading to the downfall of a tragic hero or heroine.75
6626642356Frame storyA literary technique that sometimes serves as a companion piece to a story within a story76
6626736469Stream of ConsciousnessA method of narration that describes in words the flow of thoughts in the minds of the characters.77
6626624645MeterThe rhythm of a piece of poetry determined by number and length of feet in a line78
6626631098ClicheCliché refers to an expression that has been overused to the extent that it loses its original meaning or novelty.79
6626631099Climaxthat particular point in a narrative at which the conflict or tension hits the highest point.80
6626649048Greek tragedyform of theatre from Ancient Greece and Asia Minor.81
6626631100Comic reliefA humorous or farcical interlude in a serious literary work or drama, especially a tragedy, intended to relieve the dramatic tension or heighten the emotional impact by means of contrast.82
6626631101ConceitIn literature, a conceit is an extended metaphor with a complex logic that governs a poetic passage or entire poem. By juxtaposing, usurping and manipulating images and ideas in surprising ways, a conceit invites the reader into a more sophisticated understanding of an object of comparison.83
6626633340Anthropomorphismtechnique in which a writer ascribes human traits, ambitions, emotions or entire behavior to animals, non-human beings, natural phenomena or objects84
6626631102ConflictIn literature, a conflict is a literary element that involves a struggle between two opposing forces usually a protagonist and an antagonist.85
6626638836bathos...86
6626641284Great chain of beingstrict, religious hierarchal structure of all matter and life, believed to have been decreed by god.87
6626634405Gothicwriting characterized by elements of fear, horror, death, gloom, as well as romantic elements such as nature, individuality, and high emotion.88
6626707801Rhymecorrespondence of sound between words or the endings of words, especially when these are used at the ends of lines of poetry.89
6626719843Stock CharacterA character representing a type in a conventional manner and recurring in many works.90
6626707802Rhythma strong, regular, repeated pattern of sound.91
6626624646Narrative verseA poetic style that tells a story. Ex) ballad, epic92
6626713132Allusionan expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.93
6626624647OctaveA poem or stanza of 8 lines94
6626619978AsideWhen a characters dialogue is spoken but the other characters on stage do not hear95
6626624648OdeA poem addressed to a particular object or person96
6626700182Alliterationthe occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. (Sideboob slid slowly down the slithering stream)97
6626629963Prolepsisthe anticipation and answering of possible objections in rhetorical speech98
6626624649QuatrainA poem or stanza of 4 lines99
6626682811Allegorya story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.100
6626702662StereotypeA stereotype is a character, with traits that make the character a group representative rather than an individual.101
6626630518Jargonspecific vocabulary used in a special situation, profession or trade102
6626625878Genrecategory of artistic composition, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.103
6626624650RefrainA repeated line or number of lines in a poem, typically at the end of a verse104
6626620258Morala lesson, especially one concerning what is right or prudent, that can be derived from a story, a piece of information, or an experience.105
6626751498Catastrophethe final action that completes the unraveling of the plot in a play, especially in a tragedy106
6626620259Motifa distinctive feature or dominant idea in an artistic or literary composition.107
6626678777SoliloquyAn act of speaking one's thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any hearers.108
6626715003Byronic heroan antihero of the highest order. He (or she) is typically rebellious, arrogant, anti-social or in exile, and darkly, enticingly romantic (lord Byron)109
6626740722Antagonista character or a group of characters which stand in opposition to the protagonist or the main character110
6626620260Mytha traditional story, especially one concerning the early history of a people or explaining some natural or social phenomenon, and typically involving supernatural beings or events. synonyms:111
6626725926Caricatureparticular aspects of a subject are exaggerated to create a silly or comic effect112
6626729511Anecdotea short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person.113
6626620261Narrativea spoken or written account of connected events; a story114
6626622667Ironywords that take on a different intended meaning than the actual meaning or a situation that ends differently than what is anticipated115
6626672095Aestheticconcerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty.116
6626679084hypotaxisthe combination of multiple clauses in a sentence using either coordinating or subordinating conjunctions117
6626709743Roman a clefnovel in which real people or events appear with invented names.118
6626682874parataxisthe placement of multiple clauses side-by-side in a sentence withOUT the use on conjunctions119
6626707655Questiona linguistic expression used to make a request for information, or the request made using such an expressio120
6626691536Revenge Tragedydrama in which the dominant motive is revenge for a real or imagined injury121
6626698637RHETORICALtechnique that an author or speaker uses to convey to the listener or reader a meaning with the goal of persuading him or her towards considering a topic from a different perspective.122
6626679086parallelisma literary device in which parts of the sentence (may be words, phrases, or entire sentences) are grammatically the same, or are similar in construction. Example: King's famous 'I have a dream' repetition makes the speech compelling and rhythmic, as well as memorable.123
6626689204Bildungsromana special kind of novel that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of its main character from his or her youth to adulthood124
6626620262Neoclassicismthe name given to Western movements in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that draw inspiration from the "classical" art and culture of Ancient Greece or Ancient Rome.125
6626721182Analogya comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification126
6626676845ellipsisa literary device that is used in narratives to omit some parts of a sentence or event, which gives the reader a chance to fill the gaps while acting or reading it out; for example, in some (especially much older) novels, the names of characters will begin with a capital letter but then be blacked out127
6626679567Renaissancerefers to European literature which was influenced by the intellectual and cultural tendencies associated with the Renaissance. belief that humanity was making progress towards a noble summit of perfect existence. Renaissance literally means rebirth128
6626620263Nonfictionprose writing that is based on facts, real events, and real people, such as biography or history.129
6626620264Novellaa work of written, fictional, narrative prose normally longer than a short story but shorter than a novel. The English word "novella" derives from the Italian novella, feminine of novello, which means "new". The novella is a common literary genre in several European languages.130
6626698850Anachronisma thing belonging or appropriate to a period other than that in which it exists, especially a thing that is conspicuously old-fashioned.131
6626716981Anagorisisa moment in a play or other work when a character makes a critical discovery.132
6626664530Absurdwildly unreasonable, illogical, or inappropriatein literature133
6626620265Nuancea subtle difference in or shade of meaning, expression, or sound134
6626600718DogmaA positive, arrogant assertion of opinion135
6626596060HumorousHumor is a literary tool that makes audience laugh, or that intends to induce amusement or laughter. Its purpose is to break the monotony, boredom and tedium, and make the audience's nerves relaxed.136
6626610673Freytag's pyramidstructure of a dramatic work including exposition, inciting incident, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution and denouement.137
6626617408Gallows humorgrim and ironic humor in a desperate or hopeless situation.138
6626751536Subjective detailsexisting in the mind; belonging to the thinking subject rather than to the object of thought (opposed to objective ). pertaining to or characteristic of an individual; personal; individual:139
6626591420CatharsisA Catharsis is an emotional discharge through which one can achieve a state of moral or spiritual renewal or achieve a state of liberation from anxiety and stress. Catharsis is a Greek word and it means cleansing. In literature it is used for the cleansing of emotions of the characters.140
6626806073MasqueA short allegorical dramatic entertainment of the 16th and 17th centuries performed by masked actors.141
6626806074Medieval dramaThese plays were largely religious with the most common type being enactments of stories from the Bible.142
6626806075MeiosisA figure of speech that minimizes the importance of something through euphemism. Meiosis is an attempt to downplay the significance or size of an unpleasant thing, though not all meiosis examples refer to something negative.143
6626806076MelodramaDrama in which many exciting events happen and the characters have very strong or exaggerated emotions.144
6626806077MetaphorUsed to compare two unrelated things with an element that is shared without the use of "like" or "as".145
6626806078MetaphysicalReferring to an idea, doctrine, or posited reality outside of human sense perception.146
6627003562StanzaA grouped set of lines within a poem147
6627030868EuphonyThe use of words and phrases that are distinguished as having a wide range of noteworthy melody or loveliness in the sounds they create.148
6627038568HexameterA line of verse consisting of six metrical feet149
6627051981Iambic pentameterAline of verse with five metrical feet, each consisting of one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable150
6627067907IdyllAshort description in verse or prose of a picturesque scene or incident, especially in rustic life.151
6639772841152
6635538501SestetThe last six lines of a sonnet.153
6635551235SonnetA poem consisting of 14 fourteen lines and written in iambic pentameter. Each line has 10 syllables. It has a specific rhyme scheme.154
6635623574SpondeeA unit of meter comprised of two stressed syllables. Not very common.155
6643111823Romanticisma movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the individuality of the person156
6643119138Sarcasmthe use of irony to mock or convey contempt157
6643124522Satiregenre of literature, and sometimes graphic and performing arts, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ideally with the intent of shaming individuals, corporations, government, or society itself into improvement158
6643128015Sentimentalitybase actions and reactions from emotions and feelings as opposed to reason159
6643133111Settingthe place or type of surroundings where something is positioned or where an event takes place160
6643136016Similea figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind161
6651938731Malaproposimthe mistaken use of a word in place of a similar-sounding one, often with unintentionally amusing effect, as in, for example, "dance a flamingo " (instead of flamenco ).162
6651943934Marxismthe political and economic theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, later developed by their followers to form the basis for the theory and practice of communism163
6651957373Metonymythe substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant, for example suit for business executive, or the track for horse racing.164
6651962782Mock epicMock-heroic, mock-epic or heroi-comic works are typically satires or parodies that mock common Classical stereotypes of heroes and heroic literature. Typically, mock-heroic works either put a fool in the role of the hero or exaggerate the heroic qualities to such a point that they become absurd.165
6651968028Modernismmodern character or quality of thought, expression, or technique.166
6651979292Monologuea long speech by one actor in a play or movie, or as part of a theatrical or broadcast program.167
6651981682Moodliterary element that evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions. Usually, mood is referred to as the atmosphere of a literary piece, as it creates an emotional situation that surrounds the readers.168
6692868028Limerick5 lined poem. A humorous, frequently bawdy, verse of three long and two short lines rhyming aabba169
6692872740LyricA short poem of songlike quality170
6692877034Heroic CoupletA poem with a pair of rhyming iambic pentameters that is used in epics171
6692886955PastoralA poem portraying an idealized version of country life.172
6692923036Internal Ryhmea rhyme involving a word in the middle of a line and another at the end of the line or in the middle of the next.173
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AP Literature Vocab Flashcards

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4772057504AllegoryA literary work in which characters , objects, and actions represent abstractions.0
4772057505AlliterationThe repetition of initial sounds in successive or neighboring words.1
4772057506AllusionA reference to something literary, mythological, or historical that the author assumes the reader will recognize.2
4772057507AnalogyA comparison of two different things that are similar in one way.3
4772057508AnapestTwo unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable.4
4772057509AnaphoraThe repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of lines or sentences.5
4772057510AnecdoteA brief narrative that focuses on a specific incident or event.6
4772057511AntecedentThe word, phrase, or clause a pronoun refers to.7
4772057512AntithesisA statement in which two opposing ideas are balanced.8
4772057513AphorismA concise statement that expresses a general idea truth or idea, often using truth or balance.9
4772057514ApostropheA figure of speech in which one directly describes an imaginary or absent person, or abstractions.10
4772057515Approximate Rhyme(Silent rhyme) the sounds are similar but not the same.11
4772057516ArchetypeA detail, image, or character type that occurs in frequently in literature and myth and it's thought to appeal in a universal way to the unconscious and to evoke a response.12
4772057517Argumenta statement of the meaning or main point of a literary work.13
4772057518AssonanceThe repetition of similar vowel sounds in nearby words.14
4772057519Blank VerseA verse without rhyme, especially that uses iambic pentameter.15
4772057520CacophonyA harsh mixture of discordant sounds.16
4772057521ChiasmusA rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order.17
4772057522ClicheAn expression that has been overused to its extent in which its freshness has worn off.18
4772057523ColloquialismInformal words or expressions not usually acceptable in formal writing.19
4772057524Complex SentenceA sentence with two independent clauses and a dependent clause.20
4772057525Compound SentenceA sentence with two or more coordinate independent clauses often joined by one or more conjunctions.21
4772057526ConceitA fanciful, particularly clever extended metaphor.22
4772057527Concrete DetailsActual details that relate to or describe specific events .23
4772057528ConnotationThe implied or associative meaning of a word.24
4772057529ConsonanceThe repetition of consonant sounds anywhere within in words.25
4772057530CoupletForm of poetry that the lines have no formal groupings, the only breaks are dictated by units of meaning.26
4772057531Cumulative SentenceA sentence in which the main independent clause is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases.27
4772057532DactylA stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables.28
4772057533DialectA variety of speech characterized by its own pronunciation often associated with a geographical area.29
4772057534DialogueConversation between two or more people.30
4772057535DictionWord choices made by the author.31
4772057536DidacticHaving the primary purpose of teaching or instructing.32
4772057537Didactic PoetryPoetry that is instructional or informational.33
4772057538DilemmaA situation that requires and individual to decide between to attractive solutions or unattractive solutions.34
4772057539DiameterTwo feet35
4772057540DissonanceHarsh sounds.36
4772057541Dramatic IronyWhen the author lets the reader know something that the character has not figured out yet.37
4772057542ElegyA formal poem that presents a meditation on death or another solemn theme.38
4772057543EllipsisThe omission of a word that is grammatically necessary but can be deduced from the context.39
4772057544EpicA long narrative poem written in elevated style which presents the adventures of characters of high position and episodes that are important to a race or nation.40
4772057545EpigramA brief, pithy, and paradoxical saying.41
4772057546EpigraphA saying or phrase on the title page of a work or for the heading of a chapter or other sections of work.42
4772057547EpiphanyA sudden moment of realization or insight.43
4772057548EpitaphAn inscription on a tomb or burial place.44
4772057549EpithetA term used to point out a characteristic of a person.45
4772057550ExpletiveAn interjection to lend emphasis; usually a profanity.46
4772057551FableA brief story that usually leads to a moral lesson, usually used animals.47
4772057552FantasyA story that concerns an unreal world or characters.48
4772057553Feminine RhymeA rhyme consisting of a stressed syllable and an unstressed syllable.49
4772057554Figurative LanguageLanguage employing one or more forms of figure of speech.50
4772057555FlashbackAn insertion of a earlier event into the normal chronological order of a narrative.51
4772057556FootA basic rhythmic unit in which lines of verse can be divided- in poetry a foot usually has a pause in it.52
4772057557ForeshadowingThe presentation of material in way in which the reader knows what is going to happen next.53
4772057558Frame DeviceA story within a story.54
4772057559Free VerseA type of verse that doesn't conform to any fixed meter or rhythmic scheme.55
4772057560GenreA major category of literature.56
4772057561HaikuA compact form of Japanese poetry that consists of a five seven five stanza format.57
4772057562HeptameterSeven feet58
4772057563HexameterSix feet59
4772057564HomilyA sermon or moralistic form of literature.60
4774872189IdiomAn expression in a given language that cannot be understood from the literal meaning of the words in the expression.61
4774878581Imagerythe use of figures of speech to create vivid images that appeal to one of the senses.62
4774879803Implicationa suggestion an author or speaker makes(implies), without stating it directly.63
4774884946Inductive Reasoningderiving general principles from particular facts or instances.64
4774885933Inferencea conclusion one draws(infers) based on premises or evidence.65
4774886625Internal Rhymea rhyme between two or more words within a single line of verse.66
4774887364Invectivean intensely vehement, highly emotional verbal attack.67
4774887779Ironythe use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning: or, incongruity between what is expected and what really occurs.68
4774890674Jargonthe specialized language or vocabulary of a particular group or profession.69
4774894390Juxtapositionplacing two elements side by side to present a comparison or contrast.70
4774895330Legenda narrative handed down from the past containing historical elements and usually supernatural elements.71
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Cell Membrane - AP Biology Flashcards

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5220090789Selectively permeabilityit allows some things to come through and some not0
5220090790OsmosisDiffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane1
5220090791turgidswollen as from a fluid; bloated2
5220090792Amphipathic moleculeA molecule that has both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region.3
5220090793flaccidThis happens when water moves, but the amount within the cell is constant; no pressure builds.4
5220090794fluid mosaic modelThe currently accepted model of cell membrane structure, which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.5
5220090795Intergral proteinsProteins that go all the way through the membrane6
5220090796plasmolysisThis happens when a cell shrinks inside its cell wall while the cell wall remains intact.7
5220090797transport proteinsA transmembrane protein that helps a certain substance or class of closely related substances to cross the membrane.8
5220090798facilitated diffusionA process in which substances are transported across a plasma membrane with the concentration gradient with the aid of carrier (transport) proteins; does not require the use of energy.9
5220090799concentration gradientdifference in concentration of a substance on two sides of a membrane10
5220090800Active transportEnergy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference11
5220090801passive transportRequires NO energy, Movement of molecules from high to low concentration, Moves with the concentration gradient12
5220090802sodium-potassium pumpa carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport (3) sodium ions out of a cell and (2) potassium ions into the cell13
5220090803hypertonic(of a solution) having a higher osmotic pressure than a comparison solution14
5220090804hypotonicHaving a lower concentration of solute than another solution15
5220090805exocytosisA process in which a cell releases substances to the extracellular environment by fusing a vesicular membrane with the plasma membrane, separating the membrane at the point of fusion and allowing the substance to be released.16
5220090806isotonicHaving the same solute concentration as another solution. (or same osmotic pressure)17
5220090807endocytosisA process in which a cell engulfs extracellular material through an inward folding of its plasma membrane.18
5220090808gated channelsA protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.19
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AP Vokabeln Flashcards

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7396861548die Birne0
7396864451die Ernährung1
7396866335die Glühbirne2
7396868330der Kaugummi3
7396871781paukento cram, study4
7396878177nennento name5
7396883792häufigoften6
7544071707gefährlichdangerous7
7544072063sichersafe8
7544072851der Schutzprotection9
7544073423bürgerlichbourgeois, middle-class10
11032915758hauento hit11
11033061397Wettbewerbcompetition12
11033065538Lupemagnifying glass13
11033069938störento disturb14
11033073398Schlussconclusion15
11033078241Gedächtnismemory16
11033083141Begriffterm, concept17
11033087287Behauptungassertion18
11033089539Absatzparagraph19
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