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Biochemistry Flashcards

8286185661	atom	particle made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons	0
8286185662	compound	the chemical combination of 2 or more elements in specific amounts	1
8286185663	metabolism	all of the chemical reactions that build or break down materials within an organism	2
8286185664	nucleotide	building block of a nucleic acid (DNA and RNA)	3
8286185665	amino acid	building block of a protein	4
8286185666	polypeptide	synonym for protein; chain of amino acids	5
8286185667	chemical bond	link formed by two electrons that binds atoms together; where the energy in a compound is stored	6
8286185668	pH scale	measurement system used to indicate how acidic or basic a substance is; measures the concentration of H+ ions	7
8286185669	acid	compound that releases H+ ions in solution; pH less than 7	8
8286185670	base	compound that releases OH- ions in solution; pH greater than 7	9
8286185671	monomer	building block or small unit of a polymer; can be linked into chains	10
8286185672	polymer	large molecule made up of smaller building blocks or monomers	11
8286185673	carbohydrate	contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; main source of energy for body, commonly end in "ose"	12
8286185674	monosaccharide	building block of a carbohydrate; simple sugar	13
8286185675	polysaccharide	large carbohydrate made up of monosaccharides, ex. starch and glycogen	14
8286185676	lipid	huge molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and a little oxygen; includes fats, oils, and waxes	15
8286185677	fatty acid	with glycerol, make up the building blocks of lipids	16
8286185678	glycerol	with fatty acids, make up the building blocks of lipids	17
8286185679	protein	contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; makes up cell/body structures and enzymes	18
8286185680	nucleic acid	contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous; involved in protein synthesis	19
8286185681	chemical reaction	process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals	20
8286185682	reactant	chemical that enters a chemical reaction	21
8286185683	product	chemical that results from a chemical reaction	22
8286185684	activation energy	energy needed to start a reaction	23
8286185685	catalyst	substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction	24
8286185686	enzyme	specialized protein that speeds up a chemical reaction by decreasing activation energy; typically end in "ase"	25
8286185687	substrate	reactant that fits with an enzyme	26
8286185688	denaturation	when an enzyme changes shape and no longer functions due to high temperatures or wrong pH	27
8286185689	organic compound	compound that contains carbon bonded to hydrogen and is found in living things	28
8286185690	starch	polysaccharide made up of a chain of glucose molecules; food storage molecule for plants	29
8286185691	glycogen	compound used by animals to store carbohydrates in the liver and skeletal muscles	30
8286185692	glucose	simple sugar that is used to make ATP through cellular respiration	31
8286185693	cellulose	polysaccharide that is the main component of plant; not digested (fiber)	32
8286185694	Intermolecular Force	Attraction between molecules	33

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Biochemistry Flashcards

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8474227690	atom	smallest basic unit of matter	0
8474227691	glucose	A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.	1
8474227692	galactose	A monosaccharide derived from lactose. Helps with central nervous system development	2
8474227693	fructose	fruit sugar	3
8474227694	lactose	milk sugar	4
8474227695	lactase	the enzyme that acts upon lactose	5
8474227696	sucrose	table sugar	6
8474227697	abiotic	Non-living	7
8474227698	element	substance made of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down by chemical means	8
8474227699	biotic	Living	9
8474227700	matter	Anything that has mass and takes up space	10
8474227702	compound	substance made of atoms of different elements that are bonded together by a particular ratio	11
8474227706	lipids	nonpolar molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes fats and oils	12
8474227707	phosopholipid	molecule that forms a double layered cell membrane; consists of glycerol, a phosphate group, and two fatty acids.	13
8474227708	fatty acids	hydro carbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid	14
8474227709	steroid	A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.	15
8474227710	hormones	chemical signal that is produced in one part of an organism and affects cell activity in another part	16
8474227711	monomer	molecular subunit of a polymer	17
8474227712	polymer	large carbon based molecule formed by monomers	18
8474227713	carbohydrates	molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes sugars and starches	19
8474227714	starch	A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.	20
8474227715	glycogen	An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.	21
8474227716	polysaccharide	Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides	22
8474227717	monosaccharide	A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.	23
8474227718	disaccharide	A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.	24
8474227719	protein	polymer composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; folds into a particular structure depending on bonds between amino acids	25
8474227720	amino acid	molecule that makes up proteins; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfer	26
8474227721	enzyme	protein that catalyzes chemical reactions for organisms	27
8474227725	nucleic acid	polymer of nucleotides; the genetic material of organisms	28
8474227726	nucleotides	monomer that forms DNA and has a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen containing base	29
8474227727	DNA	molecule that stores genetic information in all organisms	30
8474227728	RNA	nucleic acid molecule that allows for the transmission of genetic information and protein synthesis.	31
8474227730	hydrogen bond	attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom.	32
8474227734	acid	compound that donates a proton when dissolved in a solution	33
8474227737	electrons	Negatively charged particles	34
8474227738	atomic number	The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom	35
8474227739	biogeochemical cycle	process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another	36
8474227741	chemical bond	an interaction that holds atoms or ions together	37
8474227750	macromolecule	A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules	38
8474227751	metabolism	All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism	39
8474227752	neutron	A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom	40
8474227753	nucleus	A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction	41
8474227754	organic	Carbon-containing	42
8474227756	proton	A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom	43
8474227758	oxygen	A gas that is brought into the body by the respiratory system.	44
8474227759	hydrogen	This element is located in the metal area of the periodic table but it is still a non-metal.	45
8474227760	nitrogen	The most abundant gas in the atmosphere	46
8474227761	carbon	A gas that is expelled from the body by the respiratory system.	47
8474227772	What role do enzymes play in living things and what effects their functions?	Speed up the cells	48
8474227773	polynucleotides	Nucleic acids are polymers	49
8474227774	polypeptides	the long chains of amino acids	50
8474227775	peptides	Chains of amino acids that can function as neurotransmitters or hormones.	51
8474227776	glycerides	simple lipids, most common and consist of glycerol molecule with up to 3 fatty acids attached	52
8474227777	inorganic	Not formed from living things or the remains of living things	53
8474227785	Where are electrons found?	outside the atomic nucleus	54
8474227786	Why do atoms bond?	interaction occur between their electrons	55
8474227787	what are molecules?	collections of atoms bonded because of their atoms	56
8474227796	What is all matter made up of?	atoms	57
8474227798	multiple atoms form a...	molecule	58
8474227799	What do all living things contain?	carbon	59
8474227800	What does carbon have the ability to form?	larger and more complex molecules	60
8474227801	What are polymers made up of?	many monomers	61
8474227802	what are the four groups of polymers?	carbohydrates, proteins, nucleoic acids and lipids	62
8474227803	What are monomers?	single units that make up polymers	63
8474227804	What are carbohydrates?	monosaccharides --> polysaccharides	64
8474227805	What are nucleoic acids?	nucleotide --> polyonucleotides	65
8474227806	What are proteins?	peptides( amino acids) --> polypeptides	66
8474227807	What are lipids?	glysoride(glycerol) + fatty acids	67
8474227808	What are enzymes?	a type of proteins	68
8474227809	How do enzymes speed up the chemical reaction?	Enzymes speed up favorables spontaneous reaction by reducing the activation energy required for the reaction	69

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Biochemistry Flashcards

Sapling BIology Ch 2 - Chemistry of Life

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7954747892	matter	anything composed of atoms	0
7954747893	element	A collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons.	1
7954747894	compound	A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds	2
7954747895	molecule	2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds	3
7954747896	organic compound	Compounds that contain carbon (except: CO & CO2)	4
7954747897	carbohydrates	Composed of CHO in 1:2:1 ratio. Main source of energy in your diet	5
7954747898	monosaccharide	A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.	6
7954747899	disaccharide	A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.	7
7954747900	polysaccharide	Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides	8
7954747901	disaccharide examples	sucrose, maltose, lactose	9
7954747902	monosaccaride examples	glucose, fructose, galactose	10
7954747903	polysaccharide examples	starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin	11
7954747904	protein	Amino acids joined by peptide bonds which make up structures and carry out functions of an organism. CHONS	12
7954747905	amino acid	Building blocks (monomers) of protein	13
7954747906	dipeptide	A combination of two amino acids united by means of a peptide bond.	14
7954747907	polypeptide	A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.	15
7954747908	nucleic acids	C, H, O, N, P - contain genetic information	16
7954747909	nucleotide	A monomer of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.	17
7954747910	Lipid	Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of CHO	18
7954747911	chemical reaction	A change in which one or more substances are converted into new substances	19
7954747912	reactant	A starting material in a chemical reaction	20
7954747913	product	An ending material in a chemical reaction.	21
7954747914	dehydration synthesis	A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.	22
7954747915	hydrolysis	Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water	23
7954747916	catalyst	a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected	24
7954747917	enzyme	A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing (a biological catalyst)	25
7954747918	substrate	A substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction.	26
7954747919	active site	The site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate	27
7954747920	atom	The basic building block of all matter	28
7954747921	acid	0-6.9 on the pH scale	29
7954747922	base	7.1-14 on the pH scale	30
7954747923	pH	percent Hydrogen - shows amount of acid or base in a fluid	31
7954747924	neutral	7 on the pH scale	32
7954747925	inorganic	lacks the combination of both C and H	33
7954747926	simple sugar	another term for monosaccharide or glucose	34
7954747927	starch	a large chain of sugars stored in plants	35
7954747928	cellulose	a large sugar that makes up the cell wall	36
7954747929	glycogen	a large sugar stored in the liver of animals	37
7954747930	DNA	a type of nucleic acid that contains genes	38
7954747931	RNA	a type of nucleic acid that builds protein	39
7954747932	denature	enzymes losing their shape under high temperatures	40

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Biochemistry Flashcards

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7963435902	What are the four Organic Molecules?	Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids	0
7963435903	monomer	A building block of polymer?	1
7963435904	monosaccharide	What is the monomer for carbohydrates?	2
7963435905	Fatty Acid and Glycerol	What are the building blocks for lipids?	3
7963435906	Amino Acids	What is the monomer of proteins?	4
7963435907	Nucleotides	What is the monomer of nucleic acids?	5
7963435908	Polypeptide	What is another name for a protein?	6
7963435909	Enzyme	Something that speeds up a reaction	7
7963435910	Energy, Cell Walls	What are the functions of carbohydrates?	8
7963435911	Cell membrane, energy storage, insulation	What are the functions of lipids?	9
7963435912	control, regulate, fight, build, transport	Functions of Proteins?	10
7963435913	Store genetic information	What are the functions of nucleic acids?	11
7963435914	Fats, oils, waxes	What are examples of lipids?	12
7963435915	DNA and RNA	What are examples of nucleic acids?	13
7963435916	peptide bonds	What bond connects amino acids?	14
7963435917	Denatured	When an enzyme changes shape due to high heat	15
7963435918	Nucleotide picture	What is this monomer?	16
7963435919	Protons, Neutron	What particles are in the nucleus?	17
7963435920	Positive	What is the charge of a proton?	18
7963435921	8	How many electrons to be stable?	19
7963435922	Nucleus	The center of the atom	20
7963435923	Covalent	The type of bond that shares.	21
7963435924	Hydrogen	The attraction bond between Hydrogen and another molecule.	22
7963435925	2 Hydrogen, 1 Oxygen	What makes up water?	23
7963435926	Cohesion	The property of water that causes droplets	24
7963435927	Surface Tension	Caused by COHESION, bug walk on water	25
7963435928	Adhesion	When water sticks to other things	26
7963435929	Meniscus	Caused by Adhesion, the curved surface of water	27
7963435930	Capillary Action	When water is drawn up through adhesion against the force of gravity.	28
7963435931	POLAR	When an atom has a partial positive and a partial negative charge.	29
7963435932	Hydrogen Bonding	What gives water all of its properties.	30
7963435933	Carbon	The element all ORGANIC, living molecules contain.	31
7963435934	saturated fat	Single bonded, straight, unhealthy	32
7963435935	Reactants	What comes before the arrow in a chemical reaction.	33
7963435936	Products	What comes after the arrow in a chemical reaction.	34
7963435937	Substrate	What we call the reactant the substrate bonds to.	35
7963435938	Activation Energy	The energy needed to start the reaction.	36
7963435939	Active Site	The area of the enzyme where the substrat bonds	37

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Biochemistry Flashcards

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4865756299	Amino acid	Building blocks of proteins.	0
4865759750	Amphipathic	A molecule that has both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region.	1
4865759751	Carbohydrate	Class of energy giving nutrients that include starches, fibers and sugars.	2
4865761552	Carbon	A colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration. It is naturally present in air (about 0.03 percent) and is absorbed by plants in photosynthesis.	3
4865761553	Denaturation	In proteins, a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation, thereby becoming biologically inactive. In DNA, the separation of the two strands of the double helix.	4
4865763517	Disaccharide	A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.	5
4865765058	Ester bond	The bond formed when fatty acid molecules are joined to glycerol molecules in condensation reactions.	6
4865765059	Fibrous protein	Insoluble proteins that serve in a protective or structural role; contain polypeptide chains that generally share a common secondary structure	7
4865767210	Globular protein	These proteins are small spheres with little to no water inside. They have hydrophobic amino acids in the inside and hydrophilic R groups on the outside.	8
4865769880	Glycosydic bond	A covalent bond formed between two monosaccarides by a dehydration reaction.	9
4865771678	Hydrogen bond	A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule.	10
4865771679	Ion	An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.	11
4865771680	Lipid	Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.	12
4865775081	Macromolecule	A molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer.	13
4865775082	Monomer	A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers.	14
4865777422	Monosaccharide	A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.	15
4865777423	Nitrogen	The most abundant gas in the atmosphere.	16
4865780165	Non-Polar molecule	Electrically neutral molecules with electrons shared evenly with atoms. results from electrons orbiting equally around both atoms.	17
4865780166	Nucleic Acid	Any of various macromolecules composed of nucleotid chains that are vital constituents of all living cells	18
4865781989	Nucleotide	A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.	19
4865781990	Organic molecule	A molecule containing carbon that is part of or produced by living systems.	20
4865783819	Peptide bond	The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid.	21
4865785391	Phospholipid	A class of lipid molecules in which a phosphate group is linked to glycerol and two fatty acetyl groups; a chief component of biological membranes.	22
4865785392	Polar molecule	Molecule with an unequal distribution of charge, resulting in the molecule having a positive end and a negative end.	23
4865787387	Polymer	A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds.	24
4865787388	Protein	An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells.	25
4865789551	Water	A liquid made of hydroden and oxygen.	26

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Biochemistry Flashcards

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7233733279	Polar Molecule	molecule with a partial positive charges and partial negative charge.	0
7233733280	Lock and key Mechanism	Enzymes are specific. Only molecules with the correct shape can fit into the enzyme.	1
7233733281	Catalysis	a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.	2
7233736025	Lipid	any of the a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water in organic solvents. They include many natural oils,waxes,and steroids.	3
7233755211	Molecule	a group of atoms bonded together,representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction	4
7233767013	Nucleic acid	a complex organic substance present in living cells,especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain	5

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Biochemistry Flashcards

CP Bio

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7969272378	Polar molecule	A molecule with possible charges on possible ends.	0
7969272379	Hydrophilic	Water-loving.	1
7969272380	Hydrophobic	Water-fearing.	2
7969272381	Hydrogen bond	Hydrogen ion is attracted to a negatively charged atom on a neighboring molecule.	3
7969272382	Cohesion	The attraction of water molecules to each other.	4
7969272383	Surface tension	Cohesive forces are strong enough to make water act as though there is a thin "skin" on its surface.	5
7969272384	Adhesion	The attraction between particles of different substances.	6
7969272385	Carbohydrates	Molecules that provide a source of quick energy or short-term stored energy.	7
7969272386	Lipids	Molecules that provide a source of long-term energy, insulation, and hormones.	8
7969272387	Saturated fatty acid	Long carbon-hydrogen chains with all single bonds between carbon atoms.	9
7969272388	Unsaturated fat	Long carbon-hydrogen chains with at least one double bond between carbon atoms.	10
7969272389	Glycerol and fatty acids	Make up lipids.	11
7969272390	Fats, oils, and waxes	Examples of lipids.	12
7969272391	Polysaccharide	Polymer of carbohydrates	13
7969272392	Monosaccharide	monomer of carbohydrates	14
7969272393	Lipid structure		15
7969272394	Monosaccharide structure		16
7969272395	Polysaccharide structure		17
7969272396	Phospholipid structure		18
7969272397	Covalent bond	sharing electrons between two atoms	19
7969272398	Low density as a solid	solid H2O (ice) is able to float on liquid H2O (water)	20
7969272399	High heat capacity/specific heat	water requires a lot of energy gain/loss in order to change temperature	21
7969272400	Examples of polysaccharides	cellulose, glycogen, starch	22
7969272401	Examples of monosaccharides	glucose, fructose, galactose	23
7969272402	Disaccharide	a carb made of two monosaccharides (ex: glucose + galactose = lactose)	24
7969272403	Disaccharide structure		25
7969272404	Dehydration synthesis	removing a water molecule to build polymers	26
7969272405	Hydrolysis	adding a water molecule to break down polymers	27
7969272406	Monomer	smallest unit of a macromolecule; building blocks	28
7969272407	Polymer	many small units bonded together; large molecule	29
7969275321	Metabolism	Way we maintain our bodies with chemical processes.	30

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Biochemistry Flashcards

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4914124501	Isotope	the same element with a different number of neutrons. Used in PET scans	0
4914140990	Covanlent Bonds	bonds that share electrons	1
4914142937	Ionic Bonds	Electrons are transferred from one atom to the other.	2
4914156875	Monomer	Building block molecules	3
4914158321	Polymer	Bonds monomers	4
4914160859	Dehydration Synthesis	means to put together while losing water	5
4914171057	Hydrolysis	A water molecule is consumed as a result of breaking the covalent bond holding together the 2 components of a polymer.	6
4914180789	Monosaccharide	any class of sugars	7
4914182776	Polysaccharide	a carbohydrate that consists of a number of sugar molecules connected together.	8
4914182777	Cohesion	H bonding between H2O molecules. Water sticks to itself, creates surface tension	9
4914182778	Adhesion	H bonding between H2O and other substances. water sticks to polar molecules -ex: meniscus	10
4914185977	Good Solvent	Polarity makes H2O a good solvent. Polar H2O molecules are surrounded by + and - ions.	11
4914187817	Lower density as a solid	water doesn't become denser as a solid unlike other substances. Ice floats, H bonds form a crystal that takes up more space as a solid.	12
4914187818	High specific heat	H2O resists changes in temperature, water regulates the temperature of the Earth. needs a lot of energy to change	13
4914191267	High heat of vaporization	How much energy required to turn a liquid into a gas. H bonds of water require more energy to break	14
4914193210	Biomolecules	A molecule that is present in living organisms. The 4 main bio molecules are Carbohydrates, Lipids, Protein, Nucleic Acid.	15
4914298251	Solvent	Water is know as the universal solvent.	16
4914298252	Solute	the substance dissolved	17
4914306438	Solution	The mixture of 2 substances	18
4914354947	pH scale	Closer to 1 is more acidic, 7 is neutral like water, and 14 is basic.	19
4914387056	Alkaline	a pH greater than 7	20
4914390822	acid	any pH less than 7	21
4914424723	extra H+ ions	Hydrogen ions	22
4914426638	extra OH- ions	Hydroxyl ions	23
4914502634	Carbohydrate	Monomer:sugar Function:quick energy Examples: bread, rice, pasta	24
4914502635	Lipids	Monomer: nucleotides Function:long term energy Examples: butter, oil, waxes	25
4914502636	Protein	Monomer: amino acids Function: hormones, movement, immune system, enzymes Examples: muscle, skin, hair, insulin	26
4914504287	Nucleic Acid	Monomer: nucleotide Functions: stores information genes Examples: DNA & RNA	27
4914665027	6 most common elements	Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur	28

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Biochemistry Flashcards

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6236649067	Amino acid	Any of a class of organic compound that contains at least one amino group	0
6236670710	Amphipathic	Having two different affinities as a polar and that is attracted to water and a non-polar and that is repelled by it	1
6236680205	Carbohydrate	Any of a class of organic compounds that are polyhydroxy aldehyde or polyhydroxy ketones or change to such substances on simple chemical Transformations as hydrolysis oxidation or reduction and that form the supporting tissues of plants and are important food for animals and people	2
6236696632	Carbon	A Widely distributed element that forms organic compounds and combination with hydrogen oxygen Isadora and that occurs and appear state as diamond and graphite and in an impure state as charcoal	3
6236711016	Denaturation	To deprive something of its natural character and properties	4
6236721903	Disaccharide	Any of a group of carbohydrates and sucrose or lactose that yield monosaccharides on hydrolysis	5
6236735631	Ester Bond	A class of chemical compounds formed by the bonding of an alcohol and one or more organic acids with the loss of water molecule for each Ester group formed	6
6236748967	Fibrous protein	A protein with an elongated shape fibrous proteins provide structural support for cells and tissues	7
6236761614	Globular protein	A common water soluble spherical like protein	8
6236776106	Glycosidic Bond	A type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate molecule to another group which may or may not be another carbohydrates	9
6236783761	Hydrogen Bond	A weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton and one molecule and electron negative atom and the other	10
6236802146	Ion	An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons	11
6236813799	Lipid	Any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.	12
6236843970	Macromolecule	A molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer.	13
6236858588	Monomer	A molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.	14
6236869733	Monosaccharide	any of the class of sugars (e.g., glucose) that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar.	15
6236877215	Nitrogen	a colorless, odorless unreactive gas that forms about 78 percent of the earth's atmosphere	16
6236890110	Non-polar molecule	When atoms bond together to form molecules, they share or give electrons. If the electrons are shared equally by the atoms, then there is no resulting charge and the molecule is nonpolar.	17
6236914732	Nucleic acid	a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.	18
6236932615	Nucleotide	a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.	19
6236945163	Organic molecule	Organic molecules are usually composed of carbon atoms in rings or long chains, to which are attached other atoms of such elements as hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.	20
6236956671	Peptide bond	a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water (H2O)	21
6236966637	Phospholipid	a lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule	22
6236989521	Polar molecule	A polar molecule has a partial positive charge in one part of the molecule and complementary negative charge in another part.	23
6237003009	Polymer	a substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded together, e.g., many synthetic organic materials used as plastics and resins	24
6237008888	Water	colorless, transparent, odorless, tasteless liquid that forms the seas, lakes, rivers, and rain and is the basis of the fluids of living organisms.	25
6237011537	Protein	any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, collagen, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies	26

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Biochemistry Flashcards

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7278231893	Properties of Water	density, universal solvent, cohesion, adhesion, heat capacity, capillary action, polarity high heat of vaporization	0
7278260885	polar molecule	a molecule with one positively charged side and one negatively charged side	1
7278270809	types of bonds in a water molecule	covalent and hydrogen	2
7278277506	covalent bonds	result in high cohesion and high surface tension	3
7278280072	cohesion	attraction between two like substances	4
7278281458	adhesion	attraction between two different substances	5
7278286548	hydrophilic	substances that dissolve in water	6
7278289430	hydrophobic	substances that don't dissolve in water due to the lack of charged poles and non-polarity	7
7278295479	high heat capacity	water can hold onto heat really well, hard to heat up and cool down	8
7278299228	solution	dissolved substances	9
7278301422	suspension	keep substances separate, and suspended in liquid	10
7278305963	capillary action	the tendency of water to rise in a tube	11
7278307284	heat of vaporization	the quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for one gram to evaporate	12
7278313695	biomolecules	what food is made of (aka macromolecules)	13
7278315569	monomer	building block of a substance	14
7278317730	carbohydrates	fast source of energy, made of monosaccharides, CHO	15
7278436274	parts of carbs	monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides	16
7278320861	lipids	made of glycerol and fatty acid, insulation, long term energy, make up cell membranes, too much is unhealthy (aka fats), CHO	17
7278326501	proteins	made up of amino acids, muscle development, immune system and enzymes, dan codes = proteins, CHON	18
7278433268	hair, nails and skin	made of proteins	19
7278331676	nucleic acids	dna and rna, made of nucleotides, coding of traits, cannot be gotten from food, CHONP	20
7278341429	macromolecules	large molecules	21
7278343054	simple sugars	instant energy	22
7278344638	complex sugars	slightly longer lasting energy	23
7278348619	saturated fat	fat that is solid at room temperature	24
7278350829	unsaturated fat	fat that is liquid at room temperature	25
7278352339	triglycerides	fats	26
7278359867	enzymes	one task machines made of proteins	27
7278363582	substrate	the raw material an enzyme needs to do its job	28
7278365670	active site	the part of the enzyme that touches and manipulates the substrate	29
7278370300	lock and key model	substrate fits into the active site	30
7278371909	induced fit model	the substrate causes the active site to change shape slightly to accommodate it	31
7278377905	enzyme-substrate complex	enzyme and substrate are stuck together before the enzyme's active site breaks the bond	32
7278386226	can reactions occur without a certain enzyme?	yes, but it happens too slowly for the cell's needs	33
7278392902	allosteric sites	sites where other molecules can bind to change to enzyme's speed or ability to do its job	34
7278395800	competitive inhibitor	a molecule that fits into the active site and slows down the enzyme by blocking the substrate	35
7278400929	noncompetitive inhibitor	a molecule that fits into the allosteric site and causes the enzyme to work less efficiently or slower	36
7278406142	activator	a molecule that fits into the allosteric site and allows the enzyme to work faster and more efficiently	37
7278413028	enzymatic pathway	a series of enzymes that act like an assembly line to complete a task for the cell	38
7278419814	feedback inhibition	the end product serves as an inhibitor for the first enzyme in the pathway	39
7278425153	side products	the result of splitting substrates in an enzymatic pathway to create the end product	40
7278442040	are enzymatic pathways affected by temperature?	yes, cold = slower, hot = faster	41

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