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AP World History Vocab. 5 Flashcards

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7806164791SyncretismAttempted union or reconciliation of diverse or opposite tenets or practices, especially in philosophy or religion0
7806164792Yellow Turban RevoltA massive Chinese peasant uprising by Daoist teaching that began in 184 CE with the goal of establishing a new golden age of equality and harmony1
7806164793Scholar-GentryA term used to describe China's landowning families, reflecting their wealth from the land and the privilege that they derived as government officials2
7806164794VarnaThe Four Classes in the Hindu culture3
7806164795JatiOccupation based groups in India4
7806164796AssimilationThe process by which different ethnic groups lose their distinctive cultural identity through contact with the dominant culture of a society, and gradually become absorbed and integrated into it5

AP World History Chapter 5 Flashcards

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7802114946Slavery in Rome-A.K.A. Coercive labor systems -33 to 40 percent of the population -Owning slaves was a declaration of freedom, social status, and their control. -Most slaves were prisoners of war (others were kidnapped, "home-born", or abandoned kids) -Not any particular racial or ethnic group -NO legal rights -The only work they could not do was military service0
7802141141Civil Service ExamThe way the Chinese tested who should be makes it into the higher class1
7802163163VarnaThe 4 classes for an Indian society, formed from the body of the god Purusha.2
7802169941JatisOccupational based groups in India3
7802179381Spartacus-He deserted the Roman army, was outlawed, captured, and sold into slavery -Went to a school for GLADIATORS and broke out; whoever broke out with him became his army -Clodius raised an army to trap Spartacus; he lost -Went to the Alps and planned to disperse; army didn't want to! -Crassus sends Mummius to destroy Spartacus and fails; Crassus is MAD -Crassus surrounds Spartacus; Spartacus' body was never found and his followers were crucified4
7802183118Yellow Turban RebellionPeasants in the Han dynasty searching for employment and mad at taxes... led to the dynasty's end5
7802183119Red EyebrowsCitizens of China were mad at the terrible ruling and army, which caused a rebellion6
7802184973Solon's ReformsIn Athens, economic crisis and social consequences brought war7
7802184974Gracchi Land ReformsTwo brothers in Rome trying to pass land reform legislation that would redistribute major aristocratic landholdings and other reform measures8
7802187017Dazexian UprisingArmy officers of China organized villagers to rebel against the government; ended by not being able to stop the powerful dictatorship9
7802188777Heishan BanditsA bandit confederacy in China led feuds/created chaos; they eventually surrendered10
7802190785Classes in China-High class were educated and lived comfortably -Food was very valuable: you made food, you were important. -Middle class was artisans and craftsmen; many worked for the government -The lower class was merchants and traders -The lowest of the low were slaves11
7802190786Classes in India-CASTE SYSTEM -High class: landowners, government officials, or astronomers -Middle were warriors or merchants -Lower classes were the laborers and the largest class -Lowest: "untouchables"12
7802190787Classes in Greece-Highest were the aristocrats and rich; closet to the gods -Middle: freedmen and commoners; manufacturers and traders -Lower class: Slaves that made society run13
7802192755Classes in Rome-High: the business men and royalty (heads of politics, religion, and military) -Middle: the average citizens; the children followed their parents' occupations -Lower class was foreigners -Lowest: slaves14
7802200893Commonalities Between Continents-Migrations -Agricultural Revolution -Developed civilizations15

AP World History: World Map Review Flashcards

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4744694757Eastern EuropePoland Czechoslovakia Hungary Russia Romania Bulgaria Yugoslavia0
4744694758Western EuropeFrance Great Britain Germany Spain Italy1
4744694759Latin AmericaAll of South America and Mexico2
4744694760West AfricaGhana Mali Songhai3
4744694761MesoamericaMexico Central America Nicaragua Guatemala Panama El Salvador4
4744694762Middle EastSaudi Arabia Iran Iraq Israel Syria Turkey Jordan Lebanon5
4744694763Southeast AsiaVietnam Thailand Cambodia Laos6
4744694764South AsiaIndia Pakistan7
4744694765East Asia or Far AsiaChina Korea Japan8
4744694766OceaniaAustralia Pacific Islands9
4744694767Sub-Saharan AfricaGhana Mali Songhai Congo South Africa10

AP Literature: Poetry Terms Flashcards

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8738371996accent (or stress)a syllable given more prominence in pronunciation than its neighbors0
8738379403aestheticrelating to beauty or a branch of philosophy concerned with art, beauty, and taste1
8738387115alliterationrepetition of initial sounds in neighboring words2
8738392296allusionbrief reference to a person, event, or place, real or fictitious, or to a work of art; casual reference to a famous historical or literary figure or event3
8738399680anaphoradeliberate repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of several successive verses, clauses, or paragraphs; one of the devices of repetition, in which the same phrase is repeated at the beginning of two or more lines4
8738407929anthropomorphismact of attributing human forms or qualities to entities which are not human; specifically used when describing gods or goddesses in human forms and possessing human characteristics such as jealousy, hatred, or love5
8738415749apostrophesudden turn from the general audience to address a specific group or person or personified abstraction absent or present6
8738418674aphorism (or authorial intrusion)brief saying embodying a moral, a concise statement of a principle or precept given in pointed words7
8738432033approximate rhyme (aka imperfect, near, slant, or oblique rhyme)words in a rhyming pattern that have some kind of sound correspondence but are not perfect rhymes8
8738435730assonancerepetition of vowel sounds but not consonant sounds9
8738447951balladfairly short narrative poem written in a songlike stanza form10
8738448263blank verseunrhymed iambic pentameter - also known as Marlowe's Mighty Line; used by Shakespeare as well11
8738455125cacophonyharsh, discordant, unpleasant-sounding choice and arrangement of sounds12
8738478415caesura (or rhetorical pause)a natural pause or break13
8738481629conceitextended metaphor, or an elaborate parallel between two seemingly dissimilar objects or ideas14
8738488972connotationassociation or implied meaning that a word carries along with its literal meaning15
8738491163consonancerepetition of consonant sounds, not vowels16
8738497404continuous formform of a poem in which the lines follow each other without formal grouping, the only breaks being dictated by units of meaning17
8738499286couplettwo successive lines, usually in the same meter, linked by rhyme18
8738505367denotationexplicit, literal meaning of a word19
8738515274English (or Shakespearean) sonnetsonnet rhyming ababcdcdefefgg; its content or structure ideally parallels the rhyme scheme, falling into three coordinate quatrains and a concluding couplet20
8738520124euphonysoothing pleasant sounds21
8738530137explicationdetailed analysis of a literary work22
8738533027figurative languagelanguage employing figures of speech; language that cannot be taken literally or only literally23
8738543285footbasic unit used in the measurement of English verse; usually contains one accented syllable and one or two unaccented syllables24
8738551381formexternal shape or pattern of a poem, describable without reference to its content, as continuous form, stanzaic form, fixed form (and their varieties), free verse, and syllabic verse25
8738556489free versenon-metrical poetry in which the basic rhythmic unit is the line, and which pauses, line breaks, and formal patterns develop organically form the requirements of the poem rather than from established poetic forms26
8738559642imagerylanguage that evokes one or all of the five senses: seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, touching27
8738566262internal rhymerhyme that occurs within a line28
8738574103inversionwords out of order; changing of the usual order of words is found mostly in the work of older classical poets, but it is sometimes used by modern writers for the sake of emphasis29
8738582304ironyan implied discrepancy between what is said and what is meant. three kinds: (1) verbal _____ is when an author says one thing and means something else. (2) dramatic _____ is when an audience perceives something that a character in the literature does not know. (3) situational _____ is a discrepancy between the expected result and actual results.30
8738602253Italian (or Petrachen) sonnetsonnet consisting of an octave rhyming abbaabba and a sestet using any arrangement of two or three additional rhymes such as cdcdcd or cdecde31
8738610507metaphorcomparison of two unlike things using the verb "to be" and NOT using "like" or "as;" either thing can be directly named or implied32
8738620497meterregular patterns of accent that underlie metrical verse; the measurable repetition of accented syllables in poetry; when _____ departs from its regular pattern, we call that metrical variation33

AP Literature Vocab Flashcards

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86431081941. (TOD) Epistlea specially long formal letter0
86431081951. (WOD) Wheedle(v) to influence or urge by gentle urging, caressing or flattering; sweet talk1
86431081962. (TOD) Authorial Voiceyour tone, choice of content/words2
86431081972. (WOD) Nondescript(adj) lacking distinct or individual characteristics, dull or uninteresting3
86431081983. (TOD) Dictionthe choice of words and phrases in speech or wiriting4
86431081994. (TOD) Remixto reassemble or revive a form of art5
86431082003. (WOD) Condone(v) to accept or allow behavior that is considered morally wrong or offensive to continue6
86431082015. (TOD) Challengewhen a person or group of people have attempted to have a book removed from a school or library7
86431082026. (TOD) Banfree access is not permitted8
86431082037. (TOD) Censorreviewing a book for inappropriate things9
86431082044. (WOD) Bowlderize(v) to edit by omitting or modifying parts considered indelicate10
86431082055. (WOD) Sacrilege(n) blasphemous behavior, the act of depriving something of its sacred character11
86431082066. (WOD) Revile(v) to assail with contemptuous or opprobrious language; address or speak abusively (in print)12
86431082077. (WOD) Proliferate(v) to grow rapidly13
86431082088. (TOD) Etymologythe study of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed throughout history14
86431082099. (TOD) Prefixan affix placed before a word15
864310821010. (TOD) Rootthe origin16
864310821111. (TOD) Suffixan affix placed at the end of a word17
86431082128. (WOD) Subvert(v) to undermine the power or authority of an established institution18
864310821312. (TOD) Word Treea group of similar words that share a common root to prefixes and suffixes19
86431082149. (WOD) Facade(n) the front of a building, a superficial personality or appearance20
864310821510. (WOD) Disconsolate(adj) without solace, unhappy, gloomy21
864310821611. (WOD) Quagmire(n) an area of foggy ground- a bog, a situation that is difficult to escape22
864310821712. (WOD) Ingratiate(v) to bestow through control or manipulation23
864310821813. (WOD) Lugubrious(adj) mournful in an exaggerated manner24
864310821914. (WOD) Festoon(n) a chain or garland of flowers or other decorations25
864310822015. (WOD) Transgression(n) an act of transgressing or violating the law26
864310822113. (TOD) Neologisma word or phrase which is new to the language; one which is newly coined27
864310822216. (WOD) Amalgamate(v) to mix a combination, to combine28
864310822317. (WOD) Ineffable(adj) defying expression or description29
864310822414. (TOD) Modernismmajor artists questioned and reunited their art forms, desire to break from past, rejecting literary traditions seemed gentle, break through and global violence30
864310822515. (TOD) Stream of Consciousnessstyle that some modern writers use to portray workings of a characters mind, catalog, describe thoughts, impressions, ideas or explanations, present what is going on in a mind31
864310822616. (TOD) Alienationseperation resulting from hostility32
864310822717. (TOD) Existentialisma school of thought that claims people are responsible for creating meaning out of life, since world is meaningless33
864310822818. (TOD) Nihilismcomplete rejection of moral values and religious beliefs34
864310822919. (TOD) Primitivismgenre characteristic of (or imitator or primitive artists or children) untamed35
864310823020. (TOD) Typographyart of putting words into print, process involving choosing letters, arranging the, printing them36
864310823121. (TOD) Imagismmovement in 20th century English, American poetry that sought clarity of expression through the use of precise images37
864310823218. (WOD) Juxtapose(v) to place side by side, usually for comparison purposes38
864310823322. (TOD) Automatismwriting technique based upon the psychological theories of Freud, avoidance of conscious39
864310823419. (WOD) Sardonic(adj) disdainfully or ironically humorous; scornful and mocking40
864310823523. (TOD) Anaphorarepetition of word or phrase at beginning of successive clauses41
864310823624. (TOD) Toneattitude or approach that the author takes toward the work's central theme or subject42
864310823720. (WOD) Evince(v) to show or express clearly43
864310823825. (TOD) Commentaryan expression of opinions or offering or explanations about an event or situation, descriptive account of are event or performance as it happens, explanatory or critical notes, explanation, interpretation44
864310823926. (TOD) Parallel Structurethe repetition of chosen grammar45
864310824021. (WOD) Apocryphal(adj) doubtful authorship although widely circulated as true46
864310824122. (WOD) Diffident(adj) modest or shy due to lack or confidence47
864310824227. (TOD) Metaphora figure of speech in which words or phrases are applied to an object or action to which is not literally applied48
864310824323. (WOD) Pagoda(n) a buddhist temple in East Asia49
864310824428. (TOD) Direct Discoursethe reporting of speech by repeating the actual words of a speaker; quotations50
864310824529. (TOD) Dialecta particular form of language which is peculiar to specific regions or social groups51
864310824624. (WOD) Truculently(adj) aggressively self-assertive, harsh52
864310824725. (WOD) Litany(n) a repetitive chant, a liturgical form or prayer consisting of a series of responses53
864310824830. (TOD) Epiphanya moment of realization54
864310824926. (WOD) Obstinate(adj) stubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or course of action55
864310825031. (TOD) Ironya full significance is known to the reader but not to the character56
864310825127. (WOD) Mirth(n) amusement expressed in laughter57
864310825232. (TOD) Hemingway Code for a Heroaccept no guidelines, don't make trouble for others, face reality, impose meaning on meaningless universe, contain despair by sheer will power, don't judge others, man most establish own values by facing life courageously and honestly, courage58
864310825328. (WOD) Gauntlet(n) a series of difficult experiences59
864310825433. (TOD) Colloquialismwords used in familiar conversation; slang60
864310825529. (WOD) Broach(v) to make known for the first time; to introduce a new topic61
864310825634. (TOD) Free Indirect Discoursecombines person and tense with indication of time and place; an attempt to capture the impressions that do not receive direct formulation as thoughts, allowing the author to jump btwn. characters62
864310825730. (WOD) Odious(adj) deserving or causing hatred, highly offensive or disquieting63
864310825835. (TOD) Post-Modernismrepresents departure for modernism and distrust of grand theories and ideologic, problematical relationship with any notion of art64
864310825936. (TOD) Romantic Ironyinstant deflation within a line, sardonic tone65
864310826031. (WOD) Esoteric(adj) understood by a chosen few66
864310826132. (WOD) Gesticulate(v) to make gestures especially in an animated manner with or instead of speech67
864310826237. (TOD) Pathetic Fallacyattribution of human feelings and responses to inanimate things or animals especially in art and literature, usually weather, mirror the plot or character, set the mood of the piece68
864310826338. (TOD) Allusiona brief and indirect reference to a person, place, or thing69
864310826439. (TOD) Paradoxsituation, person or thing that contains contradictory features or qualities, contradiction70
864310826533. (WOD) Metamorphosis(n) a change of a thing or person into a completely different one by natural or supernatural forces71
864310826640. (TOD) Iceberg TheoryThe Iceberg Theory (sometimes known as the "theory of omission") is a style of writing (turned colloquialism) coined by American writer Ernest Hemingway. Hemingway believed the deeper meaning of a story should not be evident on the surface, but should shine through implicitly.72
864310826741. (TOD) Ad Hominema response to a person's argument by attacking the person's character rather than the logic or content of the argument.73
864310826842. (TOD) NonsequiturThe Latin words non sequitur literally mean 'it does not follow," and it is a conversational and literary device, often used for comedic purposes74
864310826943. (TOD) Allegorya story in which everything stands for something else; usually conveys a moral or message. An allegory employs symbolism in the telling of a complete narrative that has an abstract meaning.75
864310827044. (TOD) Symbolismthe use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities, by giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal sense76
864310827145. (TOD) Tropefigurative or metaphorical use of a word or expression; puns, metaphors, similies77
864310827246. (TOD) Surrealismsought to overthrow the oppressive rules of modernist society by demolishing rational thought78
864310827347. (TOD) Eponyma word derived from the name of an actual or fictional person79
864310827448. (TOD) Novellaa fictional prose narrative that is longer and more complex than a short story80
864310827549. (TOD) Ungezeifergerman for an unclean animal not suited for sacrifice81
864310827634. (WOD) Kafkaesque(n) of or relating to Franz Kafka, having a nightmarishly complex, bizarre or illogical quality82
864310827735. (WOD) Disquietude(n) feeling of anxiety that makes you tense and irritable83
864310827836. (WOD) Betoken(v)to be a sign of; to indicate84
864310827937. (WOD) Pulchritude(n) physical beauty, especially in a woman85
864310828038. (WOD) Martyr(n) someone who voluntarily suffers death as the penalty for refusing to renounce their religion; one who suffers for the sake of principle86
864310828139. (WOD) Garrulous(adj) 1. excessively talkative in a rambling, roundabout manner, especially about trivial matters. 2. Wordy or diffuse87
864310828240. (WOD) Duress(n) compulsory force or threat; coercion; constraint (one is under duress)88
864310828341. (WOD) Emaciated(adj) sickly thin; malnourished89
864310828442. (WOD) Gratitude(n) thankful and gracious90
864310828543. (WOD) Irreverent(adj) showing a lack of respect for something91
864310828644. (WOD) Nuanced(n) a subtle difference in meaning or opinion or attitude92
864310828745. (WOD) Misogyny(n) the hatred, dislike, or mistrust of women93
864310828846. (WOD) Concomitant(adj) following or accompanying as a consequence; going along with94
864310828950. (TOD) Feminist Literary Theorythe ways in which literature reinforces the oppression of women, highlighting the issue95
864310829051. (TOD) Deconstruction Critical Theorychallenges our comfortable assumptions96
864310829152. (TOD) Psychoanalytic Critical Theoryread psychoanalytically to see which concepts are operating in the text97
864310829253. (TOD) Marxist Critical Theoryconcerns itself with class differences, economic, and otherwise, and the implications of a capitalist system98
864310829354. (TOD) Historical Critical Theoryreconnect the work to the time period and the events that occurred99
864310829455. (TOD) Biographical Critical Theorythe author's past life can aid the analysis of the novel/novella100
864310829547. (WOD) Binary(adj/n) something that can be broken down into two categories; dual or double101
864310829648. (WOD) Multivalency(n) the quality of having many values, appeals, or meanings102
864310829749. (WOD) Eschew(v) to avoid or stay away from deliberately; stay clear of103
864310829850. (WOD) Recalcitrance(n) the trait of being unmanageable; the habit or characteristics of being stubborn or difficult104
864310829951. (WOD) Sycophantic(adj) attempting to win favor from influential people by flattery105
864310830052. (WOD) Subaltern(n/adj) someone with a low ranking in a social, political, or other hierarchy106
864310830153. (WOD) Jocundity(n) a feeling of facetious merriment107
864310830254. (WOD) Fecundity(n) the state of being fertile; capable of producing offspring108
864310830356. (TOD) Epigraphan engraved inscription on a building or statue; a quotation at the beginning of a piece of writing109
864310830455. (WOD) Microcosm(n) a miniature model of something110
864310830556. (WOD) Macrocosm(n) everything that exists anywhere, the big picture vs. the little picture111
864310830657. (TOD) Subjectivismthe first principle of Existentialism according to Sarte, an individual chooses himself, it is impossible for men to transcend human subjectivity112
864310830758. (TOD) The Existential ProcessAnxiety-looking at concepts as responsible over which you have no control, Moment-recognizing your anxiety exists, Resolution-finding a solution113
864310830857. (WOD) Circumspect(adj) heedful of potential consequences114
864310830959. (TOD) Quietisminaction- a form of ignoring despair (not making things better)115
864310831058. (WOD) Aquiesce(v) to agree to something or give in116
864310831159. (WOD) Avarice(n) reprehensible acquisitiveness; insatiable desire for wealth; greed117
864310831260. (TOD) The Absurdoften applied to the modern sense of human purposelessness on a universe without meaning or value. Many 20th century writers of prose fiction have stressed the absurd nation of existence.118
864310831360. (WOD) Sublime(adj) of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature of style119
864310831461. (WOD) Vilify(v) to spread negative information about someone or something120

AP Literature Vocab 91-100 Flashcards

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8891141998Impertinence(n) Lack of respect; rudeness0
8891148422Omnious(adj) Giving the impression that something bad or unpleasant is going to happen1
8891171837Intrinsic(adj) Belonging naturally; essential2
8891184666Ostentatious(adj) Designed to impress or draw attention3
8891192138Crass(adj) Lacking sensitivity, refinement, or intelligence4
8891209129Corollary(n) A proposition that follows from one already proved5
8891232605Paradox(n) An absurd or self-contradictory statement6
8891255320Chastise(v) Reprimand severely7
8891261869Martyr(n) A person who is killed because of religious or other beliefs8
8891273085Tacit(adj) Understood or implied without being stated9

AP Language Vocab List #3 Flashcards

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5088781126acrimonious (adj)angry and bitter (typically of speech or a debate)0
5088791215beleaguer (v)to lay siege to or beset with difficulties1
5088795516circumspect (adj)wary and unwilling to take risks2
5088799465debauchery (n)excessive indulgence in one's appetite or sensual pleasures3
5088805263docile (adj)ready to accept control or instruction; submissive4
5088809919extricate (v)free (someone or something) from a constraint or difficulty5
5088815401gauche (adj)lacking ease or grace; unsophisticated and socially awkward6
5088827114impudent (adj)not showing due respect for another person; impertinent7
5088833693jaded (adj)tired, bored, or lacking enthusiasm, typically after having too much of something8
5088840861malevolent (adj)having or showing a wish to do evil to others9
5088843412obstreperous (adj)noisy and difficult to control10
5088847437phlegmatic (adj)having an unemotional and solidly calm disposition11
5088850003reproach (v)to address (someone) in such a way as to express disappointment or disapproval12
5088854616stringent (adj)(of regulations, requirements, or conditions) strict, precise, and exacting13
5088857461ubiquitous (adj)present, appearing, or found everywhere14

AP Language Vocabulary List #2 Flashcards

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5402393877ad hominemswitches argument from issue being discussed to the character of the other speaker0
5402406066ad populumevidence boils down to everybody's doing it(bandwagon)1
5402410242allegorycharacters, settings, and events stand for other people or abstract ideas or qualities2
5402415708allusionreference to a person, event or place3
5402428772analogya comparison made between two disimmilar things for the purpose of clarifying the less familiar of two subjects4
5411487248begging the questionclaim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt5
5411487249colloquial languagean informal conversational use of language6
5411487250didacticteaching; having moral instruction7
5411487251equivocationtwo or more meanings in attempt to misrepresent or decieve8
5411509764euphemismmild or indirect word that substitutes one considered too harsh9
5411514263ironycontrast between what is states explicitly and what is really meant10
5411518018Jargonspecial words or expressions that are used by particular profession or group11
5411520890Metonymyfigure of speech which something is represented by another that is closely related to it12
5411526825moodfeel or atmosphere created by text13
5411528844oxymoronauthor groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest paradox14
5411531321parodywork that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of criticism15
5411535309pedanticoverly concerned with minute details16
5411538894personificationattribution to lifelike quality to inanimate object or idea17
5411546102proseform of language that has no formal metrical structure; natural form of speech18
5411551351sarcasmdevice that is meant to mock with often satirical or ironic remarks19
5411553041satireuse of irony to highlight an individual's foolishness20
5411559861syllogismlogical structure that uses major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion21
5411562179synecdocheuses a part to represent the whole22
5411565202synesthesiaworeds that intend to draw out a response from readers stimulating multiple senses23

AP Literature Semester 1 Flashcards

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3525467473instigatingprovoking0
3525472507inquisitivecurious1
3525479008self-delusionthe act or state of deceiving oneself2
3525483329boastful nonchalancewhen someone is like oh well I just got a 2350 on the SAT whatever I could've done better.3
3525515433anticipationexpectation4
3525517731Thinly veiled cowardicewhen someone is a coward but they don't want to show it5
3525522028Evenhanded objectivitywhen the narrator shows both sides6
3525525197Idealismthe practice of forming or pursuing ideals, especially unrealistically7
3525528134Meddlesomefond of meddling; interfering: a gaggle of meddlesome politicians.8
3525531751Disparagingexpressing the opinion that something is of little worth; derogatory9
3525533853Alarmistcreating needless worry or panic: alarmist rumors.10
3525536201Piousmaking a hypocritical display of virtue:11
3525538881Moralistica person who teaches or promotes morality.12
3525540890Contentiouscausing or likely to cause an argument; controversial13
3525543286Patronizingtreat with an apparent kindness that betrays a feeling of superiority14
3525545749World-wearyfeeling or indicating feelings of weariness, boredom, or cynicism as a result of long experience of life15
3525552200Balanced syntactic opposition- when the clauses and words are balanced.-I am free; I am equal.16
3525554936Passive verb construction- when the verb is used in the passive voice, not active -Active: She lit the candle. -Passive- The candle was lit by her.17
3525557969Pastoral analogiesanalogies that allude to farm18
3525561367Double entendrea word or phrase open to two interpretations, one of which is usually risqué or indecent. - In Finding Nemo, the characters are told "Ok, everyone, think dirty thoughts!"19
3526004934Reificationmake (something abstract) more concrete or real: 'Fighting for justice.'20
3526011138Poetic licenseThe liberty taken by an artist or a writer in deviating from conventional form or fact to achieve a desired effect. -The infamous line from Julius Caesar: "Friends, Romans, Countrymen, lend me your ears" is one example as he has omitted the use of the word "and" after "Romans" in order to keep the line in iambic pentameter. Other examples include the contractions "o'er" and "e'er," which are commonly used in poetry.21
3526015284Authorial intrusionAuthorial Intrusion is an interesting literary device wherein the author penning the story, poem or prose steps away from the text and speaks out to the reader.22
3526016932Perfect rhymethe rhyme exemplified by homonyms, such as bear/bare or wear/where.23
3526019400Slant rhymea rhyme in which the stressed syllables of ending consonants match, however the preceding vowel sounds do not match. - For instance, in words such as "shape/keep" the consonance is very strong. The final consonant sounds remain similar but the ending vowel sounds are different in half rhyme. Similar to these two words, "moon" and "run" and in the words "hold" and "bald" the ending consonant sounds are similar, whereas vowel sounds are different.24
3526022409Stanzaa group of lines forming the basic recurring metrical unit in a poem; a verse. -Example: a chunk in The Odyssey25
3526025738Heroic Coupleta traditional form for English poetry, commonly used in epic and narrative poetry, and consisting of a rhyming pair of lines in iambic pentameter. -this passage from Cooper's Hill by John Denham, part of his description of the Thames: O could I flow like thee, and make thy stream My great example, as it is my theme! Though deep yet clear, though gentle yet not dull; Strong without rage, without o'erflowing full.26
3526027508Tercet-a set or group of three lines of verse rhyming together or connected by rhyme with an adjacent tercet. -An old silent pond? A frog jumps into the pond, splash! Silence again.27
3526040380Terza Rimaa rhyming verse stanza form that consists of an interlocking three-line rhyme scheme. It was first used by the Italian poet Dante Alighieri. -Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red, (b) Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou, (c) Who chariotest to their dark wintery bed (b)28
3526042709Cinquaina five-line poem that was invented by Adelaide Crapsey. -Listen... With faint dry sound, Like steps of passing ghosts, The leaves, frost-crisp'd, break from the trees And fall.29
3526044759Sestetthe last six lines of a sonnet.30
3526050118Octavea poem or stanza of eight lines31
3526050119Caesuraa pause near the middle of a line. For instance, when you say, "Maria has taken breaks," you take breath before further saying that, "But Adam did not," then again you take a little breath and say, "He fell on his ankle."32
3526054403Enjambent-the continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza.33
3526056805Feminine Rhyme-a rhyme that matches two or more syllables, usually at the end of respective lines, in which the final syllable or syllables are unstressed. -Yankee Doodle went to town A-riding on a pony He stuck a feather in his hat And called it macaroni34
3526058255Masculine Rhyme-a rhyme that matches only one syllable, usually at the end of respective lines. Often the final syllable is stressed. -Loveliest of trees, the cherry now Is hung with bloom along the bough.35
3526090679affectedinfluenced or touched by an external factor`36
3526092736Contemptuous-showing contempt; scornful37
3526094810Flippant-not showing a serious or respectful attitude38
3526094812Reluctant-unwilling and hesitant; disinclined39
3526098992Inconsolable-(of a person or their grief) not able to be comforted or alleviated40
3526098993Incongruous- not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other aspects of something41
3526101731Obsequious-obedient or attentive to an excessive or servile degree42
3526101732Censoriousness-severely critical of others43
3526103255Avuncular indulgence-suggestive of an uncle especially in kindliness or geniality 44
3526107626Melancholy-a feeling of pensive sadness, typically with no obvious cause45
3526107628Disdainful-showing contempt or lack of respect46
3526109221Melodramatic-characteristic of melodrama, especially in being exaggerated, sensationalized, or overemotional47
3526111950Contradiction-a combination of statements, ideas, or features of a situation that are opposed to one another48
3526113829Prevarication- speak or act in an evasive way49
3526113830Implication- the conclusion that can be drawn from something, although it is not explicitly stated50
3526116276Cause and Effect- the principle of causation.51
3526116277Loose Sentences-a type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases.52
3526118922Periodic sentences-a stylistic device employed at the sentence level, described as one that is not complete grammatically or semantically before the final clause or phrase.53
3526118923Cumulative sentences-a main clause followed by a series of subordinate constructions that gather details about a person, place, event, or idea.54
3526122007Symbol-a thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a material object representing something abstract55
3526122008Allegory-a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one56
3526123464First person narration-a point of view (who is telling a story) where the story is narrated by one character at a time57
3526125500Third person omniscient-This is a common form of third-person narration in which the teller of the tale, who often appears to speak with the voice of the author himself, assumes an omniscient (all-knowing) perspective on the story being told: diving into private thoughts, narrating secret or hidden events, jumping between spaces and times.58
3526140581Protagonist-the leading character or one of the major characters in a drama, movie, novel, or other fictional text.59
3526140582Antagonist-a person who actively opposes or is hostile to someone or something; an adversary60
3526143768Hero-A hero or heroine is a person or character who, in the face of danger and adversity or from a position of weakness, displays courage, bravery or self-sacrifice—that is, heroism—for some greater good61
3526143769Byronic hero-A seemingly ideal hero, though one with a hidden dark side.62
3526146091Unreliable narrator-a character whose telling of the story is not completely accurate or credible due to problems with the character's mental state or maturity.63
3526146133Objective narrative-a character in the story, but also knows the thoughts and feelings of all the other characters64
3526147729Impartial narrative-narrator presents the thoughts and actions of the characters and does not judge or comment on them65
3526159233Warninga statement or event that indicates a possible or impending danger, problem, or other unpleasant situation: a​warning about heavy thunderstorms66
3526160916Summarya brief statement or account of the main points of something: A​summary of chapter three of the Fountainhead67
3526160917Counterargumenta​n argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument.`68
3526164208Modifyingmake partial or minor changes, typically so as to improve it or to make it less e x t r e m e : s​h e m u s t b e p r e p a r e d t o m o d i f y h e r t h e s i s s t a t e m e n t69
3526165036R e f u t e :p​r o v e t o b e w r o n g o r f a l s e ; d i s p r o v e : t​h e s e c l a i m s h a v e b e e n c o n v i n c i n g l y r e f u t e d .70
3526169140Runon sentencea sentence in which two or more independent clauses are joined without an appropriate punctuation or conjunction: I​love to write papers I would write one every day if I had the time.71
3526171919Dramatic Theorya problem structuring method of operations research. It adapts the use of games to complex organisational situations, accounting for emotional responses that can provoke irrational reactions and lead the players to redefine the game:​Aristotle's poetics​from Ancient Greece and Bharata Muni's Natyasastra from ancient India.72
3526182383Cosmic Ironyth​e idea that fate, destiny, or a God controls and toys with human hopes and expectations; also, the belief that the universe is so large and man is so small that the universe is indifferent to the helping of man73
3526241577Verbal Ironyirony in which a person says or writes one thing and means another, or uses words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of the literal meaning74
3526243177Situational Ironyirony i​nvolving a situation in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what was intended, so that the outcome is contrary to what was expected75
3526244700I n f e r e n c e :a​ c o n c l u s i o n r e a c h e d o n t h e b a s i s o f e v i d e n c e a n d r e a s o n i n g .76
3526246998Rime Royala rhyming stanza form that was introduced into English poetry by Geoffrey Chaucer: seven line iambic pentameter rhyming ababbcc77
3526248798Ballad MeterIn each stanza, ballad metre needs to rhyme only the second and fourth lines, in the form ABCB (where A and C need not rhyme), while common metre must rhyme also the first and third lines, in the pattern ABAB.78
3526248944Trochaic hexameter ​a​ meter in poetry. It refers to a line of four trochaic feet.79
3526252558Lament(n.) a​passionate expression of grief or sorrow. (v.) mourn (a person's loss or death).80
3526257368Cynical gleegreat delight in something wrong81
3526259312Feigned sympathyfake sympathy82
3526261253Mirthfulfull of amusement, lots of laughter83
3526261254Inexorableimpossible to stop or prevent84
3526287038Abhorringregard with disgust and hatred85
3526287039Ficklechanging frequently, especially as regards one's loyalties, interests, or affection.86
3526295108Hedonisticengaged in the pursuit of pleasure; sensually selfindulgent87
3526296138Undefilednot wasted, not defiled, not impure, pure88
3526368705What are 6 types of rhymes?masculine feminine off slant imperfect internal89
3526409897Meterrhythm90
3526409899alliterationrepetition of the first sounds of the consonants91
3526411986What is alliteration also known as?head rhyme or internal rhyme92
3526414761What is an example of alliteration?fire, flew, foray93
3526417134Consonancerepetition of ending consonant sounds94
3526420712What is an example of consonance?soul, cool95
3526422191Assonancerepetition of vowel sounds96
3526423975What is an example of assonance?fade and lake97
3526425736Cacophonyharsh and unpleasant sounds98
3526427743What does cacophony imply?chaos in the poem99
3526431549What are some examples of letters in cacophony?k, b, p100
3526434155Repetitionrepetend--repeated chorus101
3526442453Anaphorabeginning word or phrase of sentences is the same102
3526445039Onomatopoeiawords imitate their sounds103
3526447312What is an example of onomatopoeia?whisper, crackle, sizzle, piss104
3526455709Phonetic symbolismsound symbolism, association of word-sounds have common areas of meaning105
3526483355Engaging with text provokes what?theory and criticism106
3526484853What does the theory do?organizes and explains107
3526485020what does the criticism do?the analysis, interpretation, and evaluation108
3526487277what do theories lead to?critical approaches109
3526527648"To ask of what an author is conscious and of what unconscious as fruitless as to ask which rules of English are consciously employed by speakers and which are followed unconsciously."-Jonathan Culler110
3526535292Why do we read?to interpret to find more questions To discover the authors point. Insight into the author's soul. To uncover influences and draw connections to other works. To find the text's own inner, timeless truths.111
3526560429What are some basic ideas behind theory?People will make meaning out of anything g Theory is a way of seeing things; criticism is an approach to analysis and interpretation. Each influences the other Writers have varying levels of awareness of and concerns of literary theory. Critics describe the very nature of literature in differing ways. For many critics, theory and criticism is about chaining the world!!!112
3526569957what are the schools of 20th century literary criticism?Marxist, Linguistic, psychological113
3526575633What does the Marxist literary criticism emphasize?rebellion against identity/ hegemony114
3526583656What are 4 examples of marxist literary criticism?feminist, Black, Post-colonial, queer115
3526579704what does the linguistic literary criticism emphasize?philosophy of language116
3526589821What are 3 examples of Linguistic literary criticism?New Criticism, Structuralism, Post-Structuralism117
3526596208What does psychological literary criticism emphasize?consciousness/psyche118
3526606933What are 2 examples of Psychological criticismPsychoanalytic, Myth, Laconian119
3526625771What would Marx think of Plato's Allegory of the Cave?Marx would say the real puppet master is the Capitalist System, keeping its captive audience entertained and imprisoned The system wants you to stay in your place and accept its imaginary stories as truth120
3526629775what does marx think of economic systems?they hide their true natures121
3526634928how does marx think we have to examine things?as parts of of a process, not isolated objects122
3526638810what is this calledreification123
3526641466what creates and employs literary features?ideology124
3526863321what can a literary works' content be seen to reflect?society's contradictions125
3526864429what can a literary work's form be seen to reveal?society's inability to keep its story straight126
3526873217who was a german philosopher who studied greek philosophy and roman poetry?Karl Marx127
3526873376what did he co-write?The Manifesto of the Communist party128
3526876750Materialismthe material world is the deriving force behind any ideas you call your own129
3526878930what is a material world to a marxist?economic and political interactions130
3526888650what does the Marxist societal economic base look likewho owns property and controls wealth who gets things made who is the labor force where do profits go131
3526910554Key questions when reading MarxWhat is the commodity? How is it reified? Who exploits the laboring class? How is the laboring class mistreated, tricked, fooled? Where do we see the Capitalist's fear and guilt for their means of production? What is the class structure? Who has the power? Is there a Marxist figure who champions the proletariat? Is the setting marked by imperialism? is the economic system perpetuating a lie?132

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