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AP World History Chapter 3 Flashcards

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7236935425Alexander the GreatAlexander III of Macedon (356-323 B.C.E), conqueror of the Persian Empire and part of northwest India.0
7236938988AryansIndo-European pastoralists who moved into India about the time of collapse of the Indus Valley civilization; their role in causing this collapse is still debated by historians.1
7236945003AshokaThe famous ruler of the Mauryan empire (r. 268-232 B.C.E.), who converted to Buddhism and tried to rule peacefully and with tolerance.2
7236959609Athenian DemocracyA radical form of direct democracy in which much of the free male population of Athens had the franchise and officeholders were chosen by the lot.3
7236992613Caesar AugustusThe great nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar who emerged as sole ruler of the Roman state at the end of an extended period of civil war (r. 31 B.C.E-14 C.E.).4
7236999619Cyrus (the Great)Founder of the Persian Empire (r. 557-530 B.C.E.); a ruler noted for his conquests, religious tolerance, and political moderation.5
7237003024Darius IGreat king of Persia (r. 522-486 B.C.E) following the upheavals after Cyrus' death; completed the establishment of the Persian empire.6
7237012431Greco-Persian WarsTwo major Persian invasions of Greece, in 490 B.C.E and 480 B.C.E, in which the Persians were defeated on both land and sea.7
7237019015Gupta EmpireAn empire of India (320-550 C.E)8
7237020773Han DynastyDynasty that ruled from 206 B.C.E to 220 C.E., creating a durable state based on Shihuangdi's state-building achievement9
7237027057Hellenistic EraThe period from 323 to 30 B.C.E. in which Greek culture spread widely in Eurasia in the kingdoms ruled by Alexander's political successors.10
7237031320HerodotusGreek historian known as the "father of history" (ca. 484-ca. 425 B.C.E). His histories enunciated the Greek view of a fundamental divide between East and West, culminating in the Greco-Persian Wars of 490-480 B.C.E.11
7237039671HopliteA heavily armed Greek infantryman. Over time, the ability to afford this kind of panoply and to fight for the city came to define Greek citizenship.12
7237044506IoniaThe territory of Greek settlements on the coast of Anatolia; the main bone of contention between the Greeks and the Persian empire.13
7237050061Mandate of HeavenThe ideological underpinning of Chinese emperors, this was the belief that a ruler held authority by command of divine force as long as he ruled morally and benevolently.14
7237054676MarathonBattle of Athenian victory over a Persian invasion in 490 B.C.E.15
7237056621Mauryan EmpireA major empire (322-185 B.C.E.) that encompassed most of India.16
7237063326PatriciansWealthy, privileged Romans who dominated early Roman society.17
7237069648Pax RomanaThe "Roman Peace" a term typically used to denote the stability and prosperity of the early Roman Empire, especially in the first and second centuries.18
7237074513Peloponnesian WarGreat war between Athens (and allies) and Sparta (and allies) lasting from 431 to 404 B.C.E. The conflict ended in the defeat of Athens and the closing of Athens' Golden Age.19
7237080606Persian EmpireA major empire that expanded from the Iranian plateau to incorporate the Middle East from Egypt to India; flourished around 550 to 330 B.C.E.20
7237085322PlebeiansPoorer, less-privileged Romans who gradually won a role in Roman politics.21
7237087333Punic WarsThree major wars between Rome and Carthage in North Africa, fought between 264 and 146 B.C.E, that culminated in Roman victory and control of the western Mediterranean.22
7237094338Qin DynastyA short-lived (221-206 B.C.E.) but highly influential Chinese dynasty that succeeded in reuniting China at the end of the Warring States period.23
7237097592Qin ShihuangdiLiterally "first emperor from the Qin"; Shihuangdi (r. 221-210 B.C.E.) forcibly reunited China and established a strong and repressive state.24
7237100854WudiHan emperor (r. 141-86 B.C.E.) who began civil service system by establishing an academy to train imperial bureaucrats.25
7237105306XiongnuNomadic peoples to the north of the Great Wall of China who were a frequent threat to the stability of the Chinese state.26
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Chapter 29 AP World History Flashcards

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9070896130Watt's steam engineThe steam engine, invented by James Watt in 1765 and then improved in 1775, created enough power to move many machines. Factories and looms start to be powered by this engine. Soon many machines in the industrial revolution were powered by this steam engine.0
9070896131LudditesAny of a group of British workers who between 1811 and 1816 rioted and destroyed laborsaving textile machinery in the belief that such machinery would diminish employment.1
9070896132capitalismAn economic system based on private property and free enterprise.2
9070896133Eli WhitneyAn American inventor who developed the cotton gin. Also contributed to the concept of interchangeable parts that were exactly alike and easily assembled or exchanged3
9070896134monopoliesCorporations that gain complete control of the production of a single good or service.4
9070896135trustsFirms or corporations that combine for the purpose of reducing competition and controlling prices (establishing a monopoly). There are anti-trust laws to prevent these monopolies.5
9070896136cartelsUnions of independent businesses in order to regulate production, prices, and the marketing of goods.6
9070896138utopian socialistsEarly nineteenth-century socialists who hoped to replace the overly competitive capitalist structure with planned communities guided by a spirit of cooperation. Leading French utopian socialists such as Charles Fourier and Louis Blanc believed that property should be communally owned.7
9070896141factory systemA method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building8
9070896142Adam Smith(1723-1790) Scottish philosophe who formulated laws that governed the economy to benefit human society9
9070896143Josiah WedgwoodEnglish industrialist whose pottery works were the first to produce fine-quality pottery by industrial methods.10
9070896144corporationA business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts11
9070896145Crystal Palace ExhibitionGreat Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations, opened in London's Crystal Palace in 185112
9070896146Thomas Malthus..., Eighteenth-century English intellectual who warned that population growth threatened future generations because, in his view, population growth would always outstrip increases in agricultural production.13
9070896147The Communist ManifestoA book written by Karl Marx. It suggested that there would be a social revolution in which the proletariat (working class) would overthrow the bourgeoisie (middle class factory owners) and then set up a classless, socialist community. This book was the blueprint for communist governments around the world.14
9070896148zaibatsuThe large family-controlled banking and industrial groups that owned many companies in Japan before World War II.15
9070923506Golondrinas"swallows"; relates to the Italian workers that settled permanently in Latin America; they regularly migrated between Europe and South America to take advantage of different growing seasons in the northern and southern hemispheres16
9070926370Henry Ford1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents.17
9070926371Robert Owenutopian socialist and successful businessman who transformed a squalid Scottish cotton mill town called New Lanark into a model industrial community. At New Lanark, Owen raised wages and made work a much more hospitable environment for employees. His indictment of competitive capitalism, stress on cooperative control of industry, and his advocacy of improved educational standards for children left a lasting imprint on the socialist tradition.18
9070927445George Stephensonself educated Englishman - built the first steam powered locomotive; his refinements of locomotive technology, application of civil engineering, and his vision of the future of railway systems earned nickname "Father of the Railways"19
9070928475Henry Bessemerbuilt a refined blast furnace known as the Bessemer converter - made it possible to produce steel cheaply/in large quantities20
9070928476James Wattan instrument maker at the University of Glasgow in Scotland, he developed a general-purpose steam engine in 176521
9070929455Karl MarxMay 5, 1818-March 14, 1883 A German philosopher, economist, sociologist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist whose ideas played a significant role in the establishment of the social sciences and the development of the socialist movement22
9070930425Otto von BismarckChancellor of Prussia from 1862 until 1871, when he became chancellor of Germany. A conservative nationalist, he led Prussia to victory against Austria (1866) and France (1870) and was responsible for the creation of the German Empire (714)23
9070931934Abraham DarbyInvented coke smelting (1709) and advanced the mass production of brass and iron goods. Coke smelting replaced charcoal with coal in metal foundries during the process of refining metals; and this was important to Britain's future since charcoal at that time was becoming scarce and was more expensive.24
9070937736Edmund Cartwrighta clergyman responsible for creating a water-driven power loom that inaugurated an era of mechanical weaving25
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AP World History Ch.1 Flashcards

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7210899866Australopithecus"the southern ape," flourished in east Africa(4mil-1mil),hominid:creature belonging to Hominande, which are human/humanlike species next to Homo(genus which contains humans), small, hairy, and not smart, had speaking abilities, but undeveloped, opposable thumbs and stood upright, able to plan complicated adventures0
7210916054Çatal Hüyükone of best-known neolithic sites/settlements where the first development of specialized labor occurred, south-central Anatolia, 5,000 residents, grew from village to town and residents manufactured pots, textiles, baskets, tools, carpets, jewelry, etc., prominent because close to obsidian deposit and traded it to other regions1
7212389543Cave paintingsmost fulfilling examples of prehistoric art, many in southern France(Lascaux) and northern Spain(Altamira), depictions of sensitivity and power, subjects were mainly animals-few humans, represented efforts to do sympathetic magic-gain control over subject's spirit by way of accurate representation of physical forms to have a good hunting season, "conscious and purposeful activity of a high order"2
7212414171Complex societypermanent settlement-no forgoing for food, but focused on agriculture, specialization of labor is prominent, individuals have own wealth, social classes are starting to develop, occurred towards the end of the neolithic age3
7212422675Domesticationthe capturing and taming of wild animals, happened mostly in Neolithic era, supervised breeding and provided for needs, figured out how to use coats to create textiles4
7212426009Genderthe state of being male or female, members of one or the other gender, women and men were perceived as equals until cities started arising, women cultivated plants and crops while men dealt with game5
7212433488Hominidaeincludes human and humanlike species, Australopithecus, family/genus, creatures in this are called hominids6
7212441537Homo erectus"upright walking human," 2mil-200,000, larger brain than Australopithecus, learned fire, sophisticated tools, genus: Homo, couldn't speak but could coordinate themselves and plans, migrated7
7212447653Homo sapiens"consciously thinking human," 200,000, brain well developed in frontal regions where "conscious and reflective" thought takes place, intelligence allowed them to understand world around them in order to organize themselves to complete tasks, had vocal cords and could enunciate distinct sounds for communication8
7212461292Metallurgymetal-working, Neolithic age task, discovered could mall copper into jewelry and melt and cast it into weaponry9
7212465922NeandertalPaleolithic, first evidence of reflective thought, named after valley in Germany where remains were found, deliberate burials and rituals, honored dead and recognized significance in live and death, had emotion and feeling10
7212472564Neolithic"new stone age" because of refinements in tool making, discovered agriculture which led to the discovery of permanent settlements and food surpluses that created more people, specialized labor and focus on aesthetic values-religion, pottery, metal, and textile production, caused individual wealth to arise and the development of social classes, religion focused on workings of natural world, studied natural world and eventually found patterns in weather and calendar11
7212479975Paleolithic"the old stone age," humans foraged for food, sexes were equal, women did plants, men hunted game, lived in small bands-sometimes interacted with neighbors, had some permanent settlements-couple 100, neandertal, Homo sapiens, created trade with obsidian, better diets and weapons, cave paintings-Venus Figurines=religion12
7212497823Patriarchyinstitutional domination of men over women, began during urbanization because women had to provide work force and were always out of work providing the work force13
7212502836Specialization of laborpeople could focus all of their attention on one aspect of their society such as jewelry making, religion, pottery, etc, led to the growth of individual wealth14
7212509592Technologyapplication of knowledge for the advancement and improvement of the original way things were done, thought of, or built, very common as humanity progressed from "apes," homo eructs, to homo sapiens15
7212522330Urbanizationthe moving/growing into an urban area(cities), happened as Neolithic settlements continued to grow and expand into cities16
7212527390Venus figurinesnamed after Roman love goddess because they were small sculptures of women that depicted them with exaggerated sexual features, reflect fertility, place in ritual observances to increase fertility, interested in new life, homo sapien work in Paleolithic era17
7212543160Textilearticle of clothing that requires the spinning of plant/animal fibers into threads and weaving the threads into cloth, discovered by women, happened because agriculture allowed women to focus on other things and brought in domesticated animals(and plants) that could be bred18
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World History- religions Flashcards

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5255455840AbrahamFirst biblical leader of Judaism0
5255455841AsokaEmperor of India who embraced Buddhism and sent missionaries to spread Buddhism to China and other parts of Asia1
5255455842BuddhismReligion and philosophical teachings of Siddhartha Gautama that started in India2
5255455843Caste SystemStrict Hindu class system based on Karma3
5255455844ChristianityMonotheistic religion based on the teachings of Jesus as the son of God which is found in the New Testament4
5255455845Eightfold Path to EnlightenmentBased on the teachings of the Buddha, completing these steps will result in Nirvana5
5255455846Five Pillars of IslamBasic beliefs of Islam including a declaration of faith in God and Muhammad as the prophet; pray towards Mecca five times a day; charity or alms to the poor; fasting during Ramadan; and a pilgrimage to Mecca6
5255455847Four Noble TruthsBuddhist philosophy to help end suffering and desire and to follow the Eightfold Path7
5255455848HinduismReligion founded by Aryan settlers in India which has many forms of one God8
5255455849IslamMonotheistic religion founded by the teachings of Muhammad, the prophet9
5255455850JesusHis life and teachings are the basis of Christianity10
5255455851JudaismFirst monotheistic religion based on the beliefs of Abraham and Moses11
5255455852KarmaKnowledge that all thoughts and actions result in future consequences12
5255455853MeccaBirthplace of Muhammad; sacred city13
5255455854MedinaSecond holiest city where Islam gains popularity14
5255455855MonotheismBelief in one God15
5255455856Muhammad, the prophetFounder of Islam16
5255455857New TestamentLife and teachings of Jesus17
5255455858NirvanaTo become one with the universal spirit and end the cycle of reincarnation18
5255455859Qur'an (Koran)Sacred text of Islam19
5255455860ReincarnationRebirth based on Karma20
5255455861BuddhaFounder of Buddhism21
5255455862Ten CommandmentsMoral and religious codes of conduct22
5255455863TorahWritten records and beliefs of the Jews23
5255455864VedasCollection of four sacred books used in Hinduism24
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Harmon AP World History Crash Course Terms - Period 6 Flashcards

Accelerating Global Change and Realignments, c. 1900 to the Present

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670194496864: The World WarsThe first-half of the twentieth century was two enormous wars among the "Great Powers" of Europe, Asia, and the United States. These wars were caused in part by massive military production made possible by the Industrial Revolution and by global competition for territories during the Age of Imperialism. In an AP World History context, World Wars I and II can be seen as one long, global war with a 20-year break between the two. The results of the wars were the decline of western Europe and the rise of the power of the United States and Soviet Union in the second half of the twentieth century.0
670194496965: The Great DepressionBetween the two World Wars, a global economic disaster struck the industrialized nations around the world. By the end of World War I, the United States had the world's largest economy; when it failed in the late 1920s, the economies of much of the rest of the world, which were already reeling from the effects of World War I, were severely affected. Two major results were authoritarian governments and World War II.1
670194497066: AuthoritarianismOne result of the catastrophe of World War I was a rejection of democratic forms of government in parts of Europe and Asia, namely, Germany, Italy, Russia, and Japan. Single-party rule led by a strongman with dictatorial powers was thought to be a more efficient system than democracy. Communism and fascism were the best-known examples of such governmental systems. The growing military aggression of the fascist governments was the cause of World War II.2
670194497167: CommunismCommunism was originally proposed by Karl Marx from Germany in the mid-nineteenth century and put in place by Vladimir Lenin in Russia in the early twentieth century. In this economic and political system of socialism, the government (the state) attempts to direct the economy and to provide services for all. Authoritarianism was often the method of rule in communist systems. Communism spread around the globe in the twentieth century and competed directly with capitalist societies.3
670194497268: DecolonizationA major global development after World War II was Europe's process of getting rid of its colonial empires around the world. Colonies in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa regained their independence, but they often faced many significant social, economic, and political challenges.4
670194497369: PartitionThe largest British colony, India partitioned itself, or split up, along religious lines when it gained independence in 1947, forming India (with a Hindu majority) and Pakistan. In 1971, East Pakistan separated from Pakistan to become Bangladesh (both with Muslim majorities). For many decades afterward, Pakistan and India were major rivals in the region of South Asia.5
670194497470: Cold WarThe dominant global conflict after Ward War II, the Cold War was conducted between the United States (and its allies) and the Soviet Union (and its allies). The aim for each side was to keep the other from increasing its political and economic influence around the world. It was called the Cold War because the two sides did everything to prepare for a real hot war (with real weapons), except actually fight each other directly. Massive accumulation of nuclear and other forms of weapons threatened mutually assured destruction, but when the Soviet Union fell apart in the late twentieth century, the Cold War ended.6
670194497571: Multinational or Transnational CorporationA multinational or transnational corporation does business in more than one country. The British and Dutch East India companies of the eighteenth century were early examples, but it was after World War II in the twentieth century that this business model became common. Exxon Mobile, Toyota, and General Electric are prominent examples of multinational and/or transnational corporations.7
670194497672: Pacific RimIn the second half of the twentieth century, strong economies developed on both sides of the Pacific. Although the United States was a major economic power in the region, the term usually refers to the economies based in nations such as China, Japan, Australia, South Korea, and Singapore.8
670194497773: Chinese RevolutionsIn the early twentieth century, a revolution in China against the emperor led to a limited democracy. After World War II, communists led by Mao Zedong overthrew that government. Vast social, political, and economic changes resulted. Until the late twentieth century, communist China was relatively isolated from global economic involvement, but after Mao's death, China opened its economic system to allow capitalist development, and its economy boomed.9
670194497874: ApartheidApartheid was a political and social policy in South Africa in the mid-twentieth century that separated whites and blacks and that granted the white minority many rights that the black majority was denied. The apartheid policy was reversed in the late twentieth century after decades of global pressure, and majority rule was established.10
670194497975: FeminismAlthough its roots extended back to the Enlightenment, feminism was largely a twentieth-century movement dedicated to increasing the political, social, and economic rights of women. It began in Western democracies and expanded to include much of the world by century's end. Counterexamples persisted in parts of the Middle East, Africa, and Asia11
670194498076: Golbalization"Globalization" describes the "shrinking world" that resulted from increased economic communications connections. While the term could be applied to world systems after Columbus's voyages or to the age of Imperialism, it became especially popular in the late twentieth century. Not everyone was content with the process of globalization.12
670194498177: HistoriographyThe AP World History exam defines historiography as "historical interpretation." Historiography is the study of the study of history- or the different ways that historians interpret the past at different times. This is important to an AP World History student because developing the skills to find a point of view and to discern multiple historical perspectives is a vital part of the course and the exam.13
670194498278: PeriodizationPeriodization is an important AP World History term that describes possible alternatives to "turning point dates" that historians mark in World History. For example, the Neolithic Revolution, which in AP World History is marked at c. 8000 BCE, occurred earlier in the Middle East than in the Americas. The Classical Era is said to have ended by 600 CE, but the Han Dynasty and the Western Roman Empire fell long before that date.14
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AP World History: Chapter 29 Vocabulary Flashcards

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6029190433Benito MussoliniItalian fascist leader after World War I; created first fascist government (1922-1943) based on aggressive foreign policy and new nationalist glories.0
6029199477fascismPolitical philosophy that became predominant in Italy and then Germany during the 1920s and 1930s; attacked weakness of democracy, corruption of capitalism; promised vigorous foreign and military programs; under-took state control of economy to reduce social friction.1
6029218241Mexican RevolutionFought over a period of almost ten years from 1910; resulted in ouster of Porfirio Diaz from power; opposition forces led by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata.2
6029232938Porfirio DiazOne of Juarez's generals; elected president of Mexico in 1876; dominated Mexican politics for 35 years; imposed strong central government.3
6029244418Francisco Madero(1873-1913) Moderate democratic reformer in Mexico; proposed moderate reforms in 1910; arrested by Porfirio Diaz; initiated revolution against Diaz when released from prison; temporarily gained power, but removed and assassinated in 1913.4
6029260184Pancho Villa(187-1923) Mexican revolutionary and military commander in northern Mexico during the Mexican Revolution; succeeded along with Emiliano Zapata in removing Diaz form power in 1911; also participated in campaigns that removed Madero and Huerta.5
6029272786Emiliano ZapataMexican revolutionary and military commander of peasant guerrilla movement after 1910 centered in Morelos; succeeded along with Pancho Villa in removing Diaz from power; also participated in campaigns that removed Madero and Huerta; demanded sweeping land reforms.6
6029291380Victoriano HuertaAttempted to reestablish centralized dictatorship in Mexico following the removal of Madero in 1913; forced from power in 1914 by Villa and Zapata.7
6029301889Alvaro Obregon(1880-1928) Emerged as leader of the Mexican government in 1915; elected president in 1920.8
6029312636Mexican Constitution of 1917Promised land reform, limited foreign ownership of key resources, guaranteed the rights of workers, and placed restrictions on clerical education; marked formal end of Mexican Revolution.9
6029324719CristerosConservative peasant movement in Mexico during the 1920s; most active in Central Mexico; attempted to halt slide toward secularism; movement resulted in armed violence.10
6029338361Alexander Kerensky(1881-1970) Liberal revolutionary leader during the early stages of the Russian Revolution of 1917; sought development of parliamentary rule, religious freedom.11
6029351181Red ArmyMilitary organization constructed under the leadership of Lenon Trotsky, Bolshevik follower of Lenin; made use of people of humble background.12
6029364674New Economic PolicyInitiated by Lenin in 1921; state continued to set basic economic policies, but efforts were now combined with individual initiative; policy allowed food production to recover.13
6029380398Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsFederal system of socialist republics established in 1923 in various ethnic regions of Russia; firmly controlled by communist party; diminished nationalities protest under Bolsheviks; dissolved in 1991.14
6029397892Supreme SovietParliament of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; elected by universal suffrage; actually controlled by communist party; served to ratify party decisions.15
6029412629Joseph StalinSuccessor to Lenin as head of the U.S.S.R.; strongly nationalist view of communism; represented anti-Western strain of Russian tradition; crushed opposition to his rule; established series of five-year plans to replace New Economic Policy; fostered agricultural collectivization; led U.S.S.R. through World War II; furthered cold war with western Europe and the United States; died in 1953.16
6029445637collectivizationCreation of large, state-run farms rather than individual holdings; allowed more efficient control over peasants, though often lower food production; part of Stalin's economic and political planning; often adopted in other communist regimes.17
6029461722Yuan ShikaiWarlord in northern China after fall f Qing dynasty; hoped to seize imperial throne; president of China after 1912; resigned in the face of Japanese invasion in 1916.18
6029473238May Fourth movementResistance to Japanese encroachments in China began of this date in 1919; spawned movement of intellectuals aimed at transforming China into a liberal democracy; rejected Confucianism.19
6029489536Mao Zedong(1893-1976) Communist leder in revolutionary China; advocate rural reform and role of peasantry in Nationalist revolution; influenced by Li Dazhao; led Communist reaction against Guomindang purges in 1920s, culminating in Long March of 1934; seized control of all of mainland China in 1949; initiated Great Leap Forward in 1958.20
6029559195GuomindangChinese Nationalist party founded by Sun Yat-sen in 1919; drew support from local warlords and Chinese criminal underworld; initially forged alliance with communists in 1924; dominated by Chiang Kai-shek after 1925.21
6029581500Chiang Kai-shekA military officier who succeeded Sun Yat-sen as the leader of the Guomindang or Nationalist party in China in the early 1930s, but his Nationalist forces were defeated and driven from China by the communists after World War II.22
6029596258Long MarchCommunist escape fro Hunan province during the civil war with Guomindang in 1934; center of Communist power moved to Shaanxi province; firmly established Mao Zedong as head of the Communist party in China.23
6029609243Great DepressionInternational economic crisis following the Fist World War; began with collapse of American stock market in 1929; actual causes included collapse of agricultural prices in 1920s; included collapse of banking houses in the United States and western Europe, massive unemployment; contradicted optimistic assumptions of the 19th century.24
6029639700New DealPresident Franklin Roosevelt's precursor of the modern welfare state (1933-1939); programs to combat economic depression enacted a number of social insurance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy; increased power of the state and the state's intervention in U.S. social and economic life.25
6029689560totalitarian stateA new kind of government in the 20th century that exercised massive, direct control over virtually all activities of its subjects; existed in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union.26
6029705964Spanish Civil WarWar pitting authoritarian and military leaders inn Spain against republics and leftists between 1936 and 1939; Germany and Italy supported royalists; the Soviet Union supported the republicans; led to victory of the royalist forces.27
6029741328Getulio VargasElected president of Brazil in 1929; launched centralized political program by imposing federal administrators over state governments; held off coups by communists in 1935 and fascists in 1937; imposed a new constitution based of Mussolini's Italy; leaned to communists after 1949; committed suicide in 1954.28
6029776366Juan D. PeronMilitary leader in Argentina who became dominant political figure after military coup in 1943; used position as Minister of Labor to appeal to working groups and the poor; became president in 1946; forced into exile in 1955; returned and won presidency in 1973.29
6029792934five-year plansStalin's plans to hasten industrialization of U.S.S.R; constructed massive factories in metallurgy, mining, and electric power; led to massive state-planned industrialization at cost of availability of consumer products.30
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Ap world history chapter 8 Flashcards

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5437681797Silk Roadsan ancient network of trade routes that for centuries were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent connecting the East and West from China to the Mediterranean Sea.0
5437681798ParthiansIranian ruling dynasty between ca. 250 B.C.E and 226 C.E1
5437683996stirrupeach of a pair of devices attached to each side of a horse's saddle, in the form of a loop with a flat base to support the rider's foot.2
5437688642Indian Ocean Maritimerefers to a network of trade between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. The trade network started in the third millennium B.C.E. The main participants in the trade network were Egyptians, Indians, Portuguese, Chinese and Africans.3
5437694870Trans-osaharan caravanTrading network linking north Africa with sub-Saharan Africa across the sahara4
5437694871routesa way or course taken in getting from a starting point to a destination.5
5437697607sahelbelt south of the Sahara;6
5437704116Sub-Saharan AfricanPortion of the African continent7
5437704117Steppean extensive plain, especially one without trees8
5437705887Savannaan extensive plain, especially one without trees9
5437708183tropical rain forestusually of tall, densely growing, broad-leaved evergreen trees in an area of high annual rainfall.10
5437710006" great traditions "11
5437711894" small traditions "12
5437711895Bantua member of any of several peoples forming a linguistically and in some respects culturally interrelated family in central and southern Africa.13
5437714616ArmeniaAlso called, Armenian Republic. a republic in Transcaucasia, S of Georgia and W of Azerbaijan. About 11,500 sq. mi. (29,800 sq. km). Capital: Yerevan.14
5437730532Ethipoia15
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Chapter 3 AP World History Flashcards

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7333939645Code of HammurabiSeries of laws publicized because of King Hammurabi of Babylon. Not a code, but number of laws for social order0
7333939646Cradle of CivilizationTerm for southern Mesopotamia1
7333944501CuneiformWedge-shaped writing in form of symbols, written into clay tablets used during a period in Mesopotamia2
7333945886EgyptAka "the gift of the Nile" because the area wouldn't be able to support a large population without the water made agriculture possible3
7333945887Epic of GilgameshFamous story from ancient Mesopotamia, explains a mans quest for immortality4
7333948940HarappaMajor city of the Indus valley region5
7333948941Queen HatshepsutAncient Egypt's most famous queen6
7333951512HebrewCivilization who developed monotheistic faith, and provided foundation of many religions today7
7333951513HieroglyphicsAncient Egyptian writing system, "sacred carvings" named by the greeks.8
7333956139HittitesAn Indo-European civilization established in Anatolia9
7333956140HyksosPastoral group that invaded Egypt and ruled in the North. Their dominance was based on their superior technology (bronze, chariots and horses)10
7333964251Indus ValleyMajor civilization which emerged in modern Pakistan in the valley of the Indus and Saraswati Rivers, known for its uniformity11
7333962158Mandate of HeavenThe logic that a ruler held his rank as long if he ruled morally and benevolently, this was what Chinese emperors had to follow12
7333962159MesopotamiaThe valley between the Euphrates and the Tigris rives, present day Iraq13
7333967378Minoan CivilizationAn advanced civilization that developed on the island of Crete14
7333967379Mohenjo Daro:A major city of the Indus Valley civilization;15
7333973332Norte Chico/CaralNorte Chico is the area along the coast of Peru, home to a civilization named Caral16
7333975167NubiaCivilization south of Egypt in the Nile Valley. Known for development of alphabetic writing system and ironworking industry.17
7333975168Olmec CivilizationAn early civilization along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico18
7333982824Oracle BonesHeated animal bones whose cracks were interpreted as prophecies in Chinese civilization. The prophecies were written on the bones, and they show earliest written documents for ancient China19
7333985205PatriarchyA social system of male dominance.20
7333982825PharaohKing of Egypt. Term means "the palace" and was used during the New Kingdom.21
7333987979PhoeniciansA civilization in the area of present-day Lebanon, creators of the first alphabetic writing system.22
7333991372PyramidsTombs made for Egyptian pharaoh, primarily built in the Old Kingdom, pyramids are also found in south Egypt.23
7333991373QuipuKnotted cords used by the Norte Chico for accounting and possibly writing24
7333994236Rise of The StateProcess of centralization that took place in the Fist Civilizations, branching out from basic villages, and developing many characteristics of sophisticated villages.25
7333994237SalinizationThe rise of minerals in soil, decreases fertility26
7333996395SanxingduiAn ancient city of China that developed independently from the Shang dynasty.27
7333998230Shang Dynasty *Period of Chinese history from 1766 to 1122 b.c.e.28
7333998231Son of HeavenTitle for the ruler of China, acknowledge ruler's position between Heaven and Earth29
7334000485TeotihuacánThe largest city of ancient Mesoamerica30
7334000486UrkThe largest city of ancient Mesopotamia31
7334001914Xia DynastyA legendary series of monarchs of early China32
7334009438Zhou DynastyPeriod of Chinese history from 1122 to 256 b.c.e.33
7334009439ZigguratMesopotamian stepped pyramid, unlike Egypt it was not hollow34
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