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AP World history Time period 2 key concepts Flashcards

7077011203	Key concept 2.1	The development and codifacation of religious and cultural traditions	0
7077011204	Key concept 2.1 #1	Codification(arranging into an organized system) and further developments of existing religious traditions provided a bond among people and an ethical code to live by.	1
7077011205	Key concept 2.1 #1 a.	The association of monotheism with Judasim/Hebrew Scriptures showed Mesopotamian influences around 600B.C.E and 70 C.E.; the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Roman Empires created Jewish diaspora( scattering of Jews in Mediterranean and Middle East) and destroyed the kingdom of Israel as a theocracy.	2
7077011206	Key concept 2.1 #1 b.	The Vedic scriptures formed the basis of Hinduism/some influence of info-European caste system/ importance of multiple manifestations of Brahma to teach reincarnation and they contributed to the development of the social and political roles of a caste system.	3
7077011207	Key concept 2.1 #2	New belief systems and cultural traditions emerged and spread, often asserting universal truths	4
7077011208	Key concept 2.1 #2 a.	The core beliefs preached by the historic Buddha/ a reaction to the Vedic beliefs and rituals/ recorded by followers into sutras and other scriptures/ collections of sutras over time/ Buddhism changed over time as it spread in Asia/ supported by Ashoka Maurya first, the throughly the efforts of missionaries and merchants/ establishment of educational institutions promote its teachings.	5
7077011209	Key concept 2.1 #2 b.	Confucianism's core beliefs and writings from Confucius/ elaborated by key disciples to promote social harmony by proper rituals and social relationships for all people in China, including rulers.	6
7077011210	Key concept 2.1 #2 c.	Daoist writings(such as the Daodejing aka Tao Te Ching)/ core belief of balance between humans and nature/ the Chinese political system altered indirectly/ Daoism influenced development of Chinese culture (medical theories and practices, poetry, metallurgy or agricultural).	7
7077011211	Key concept 2.1 #2 d.	The core beliefs of Jesus of Nazareth from the monotheism of Judasim/initially rejected Roman and Hellenistic influences/ Despite Roman imperial hostility Christianity spread by missionaries and merchants in parts of Afro-Euraisa/ eventually gained Roman imperial support under Emeror Constantine.	8
7077011212	Key concept 2.1 #2 E.	The core ideas in Greco-Roman philosophy/ science emphasized logic, empirical observation, the nature of political power and hierarchy.	9
7077011213	Key concept 2.1 #3	Belief systems affected gender roles: some reinforced existing social structures while others offered new roles: Buddhism's encouragement of a monastic life/ Confucianism's emphasis on filial piety	10
7077011214	Key concept 2.1 #4	Other religious and cultural traditions, including, shamanism, animism, and ancestor veneration, persisted.	11
7077011215	Key concept 2.1 #4 a.	Shamanism/ animism continued to shape people within and outside of core civilizations/ Daily reliance on the natural world.	12
7077011216	Key concept 2.1 #4 b.	Ancestors veneration in many regions( such as in Africa, the Mediterranean region, East Asia or the Andean areas).	13
7077011217	Key concept 2.2	The development of states and empires	14
7077011218	Key concept 2.2 #1	The number and size of imperial societies grew by imposing political unity on areas where previously there had been competing states	15
7077011219	Key concept 2.2 #1 a.	Southwest Asia: Persian empires( Achaemenid, Parthian, or Sassanid)	16
7077011220	Key concept 2.2 #1 b.	East Asia: Qin Han dynasties	17
7077011221	Key concept 2.2 #1 c.	South Asia: Maurya and Gupta empires	18
7077011222	Key concept 2.2 #1 d.	Mediterranean region: Phoenician and Greek colonization, Hellenistic and Roman empires	19
7077011223	Key concept 2.2 #1 e.	Mesoamerica: Teotihuacan, maya city-states	20
7077011224	Key concepts 2.2 #1 f.	Andean South America: Moche	21
7077011225	Key concept 2.2 #1 g.	North America: Chaco to Cahokia	22
7077011226	Key concept 2.2 #2	Empires and states developed new techniques of imperial administration, based, in part, on the success of earlier political forms.	23
7077011227	Key concept 2.2 #2 a.	Rulers created administration institutions- centralized governments, elaborate legal systems and bureaucracies: an administrative system, especially in a government, that divides work into specific categories carried out by special departments of nonelected officials to organize their subjects.	24
7077011228	Key concept 2.2 #2 b.	Imperial governments projected military power over large areas with variety of techniques-diplomacy; developing supply lines; building fortifications,defensive walls and roads; new groups of military officers and soldiers from the local populations or conquered peoples	25
7077011229	Key concept 2.2 #3	Unique and social and economic dimensions developed in imperial societies in Afro-Eurasia and the America	26
7077011230	Key concept 2.2 #3 a.	Cities as centers of trade, public performance of religious rituals, and political administration for states and empires.	27
7077011231	Key concept 2.2 #3 b.	The social structures of empires displayed hierarchies that included cultivators, laborer, slaves, artisans, merchants, elites, and caste groups.	28
7077011232	Key concept 2.2 #3 c.	Empires relied on a range of labor systems to maintain the production of food and provide rewards for the loyalty of the elites, including corvée, slavery, rents and tributes, peasant communities, and family and household production	29
7077011233	Key concept 2.2 #3 d.	Patriarchy continues to shape gender and family relationships in all imperial societies	30
7077011234	Key concept 2.2 #4	The Roman, Han, Persian, Mauryan, and Gupta empires encountered political, cultural and administrative difficulties that they could not manage, which led to their decline, collapse, and transformation into successor empires or states.	31
7077011235	Key concept 2.2 #4 a.	Excessive mobilization of resources/ imperial governments generated social tension and created economic difficulties by concentrating too much on wealth in the hands of the elites.	32
7077011236	Key concept 2.2 #4 b.	Security issues along their frontiers, including the threat of invasions, challenged imperial authority.	33
7077011237	Key concept 2.3	Emergence of inter-regional networks of communication and exchange	34
7077011238	Key concept 2.3 #1	Land and water routes became the basis for the interregional trade, communication, and exchange networks in the Eastern Hemisphere.	35
7077011239	Key concept 2.3 #1 a.	Many factors: climate and location of the routes, the typical trade goods, and the ethnicity of people involved = creation of distinctive features of trade routes, including: 1)Eurasian silk roads 2) trans-Sahara caravan routs 3) Indian Ocean sea lanes 4) Mediterranean Sea lanes	36
7077011240	Key concept 2.3 #2	New technologies facilitated long-distance communication and exchange.	37
7077011241	Key concept 2.3 #2 a.	New technologies permitted the use of domesticated pack animals to transport goods across longer routs	38
7077011242	Key concept 2.3 #2 b.	Innovations in maritime technologies and advanced knowledge of the monsoon winds = stimulated exchanges along maritime routes from east Africa to east Asia	39
7077011243	Key concept 2.3 #3	Alongside the trade in goods, the exchange of people, technology, religious and cultural beliefs, food crops, domesticated animals, and disease pathogens developed across extensive networks of communication and exchange	40
7077011244	Key concept 2.3 #3 a.	The spread of crops including rice and cotton for South Asia to the Middle East encouraged changes in farming and irrigation techniques	41
7077011245	Key concept 2.3 #3 b.	The spread of disease pathogens diminished urban population last and contributed to the decline of some empires.	42
7077011246	Key concept 2.3 #3 c.	Religious and cultural traditions- including Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism- were transformed as they spread	43

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AP World History Indus Valley Civilization Flashcards

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7706940701	Indus River Valley Civilization	3300-1300 BCE, also known as the Harappan Civilization, extended from modern-day northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India	0
7706940702	Leading Indus Achievements	Standardized weights and measures, seal carving, and metallurgy with copper, bronze, lead, and tin	1
7706940703	Harappa	What was then the Punjab province of British India and is now in Pakistan, which was first excavated in the 1920s.	2
7706940704	Aryan Immigrants	Mistakenly thought to be the first inhabitants of the Indus Valley dating back to around 1250 B.C.E	3
7706940705	Mehrgarh	Earliest cite of Indus Valley with origins in the foothills of a mountain pass in modern-day Balochistan in western Pakistan. There is evidence of settlement in this area as early as 7000 BCE.	4
7706940706	Urban Planning	Unique feature to Indus Valley Civilization with sought to efficiently design and use land and building structures.	5
7706940707	Mohenjo-daro	The largest city of the Indus Valley Civilization but one of the world's earliest major urban centers	6
7706940708	citadels	Central areas in a city that were heavily fortified—protected with defensive military structures	7
7706940709	granaries	storehouses for grain	8
7706940710	advanced architecture	Demonstrated by dockyards, granaries, warehouses, brick platforms, and protective walls, plumbing and public baths.	9
7706940711	Great Bath	Found in Mohenjo-daro this may have been a large, public bathing and social area.	10
7706940712	fire-baked bricks	Uniform in size and moisture-resistant—were important in building baths and sewage structures and are evidence that Harappans were among the first to develop a system of standardized weights and measures	11
7706940713	urban sanitation systems	The ancient Indus systems of sewage and drainage developed and used in cities throughout the Indus region were far more advanced than any others found.	12
7706940714	seal carving	The cutting of patterns into the bottom face of a seal, a small, carved object used for stamping. They used these distinctive seals for the identification of property and to stamp clay on trade goods.	13
7706940715	metallurgy	The science of working with copper, bronze, lead, and tin.	14

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AP World History: CHP 16 Flashcards

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9016989959	Caste War of the Yucatan	Conflict between Mayan Indians and the Mexican state over Indian autonomy and legal equality, which resulted in the Mexican takeover of the Yucatan peninsula.	0
9016991647	Usman dan Fodio	Fulani Muslim cleric whose visions led him to challenge the Hausa ruling classes, whom he believed were insufficiently faithful to Islamic beliefs and practices. His ideas gained support among those who had suffered under the Hausa landlords. In 1804, his supporters and allies overthrew the Hausa in what is today northern Nigeria.	1
9016991648	liberalism	Political and social theory that advocates representative government, free trade, and freedom of speech and religion.	2
9016993830	Marxism	Form of scientific socialism created by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that was rooted in a materialist theory of history: what mattered in history were the production of material goods and the ways in which society was organized into classes of producers and exploiters.	3
9016993831	Mfecane movement	African political revolts in the first half of the nineteenth century that were caused by the expansionist methods of King Shaka of the Zulu people.	4
9016998195	millenarian	Convinced of the imminent coming of a just and ideal society.	5
9016998196	proletarians	Industrial wage workers.	6
9017001409	Taiping Rebellion	Rebellion by followers of Hong Xiuquan and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom against the Qing government over the economic and social turmoil caused by the Opium War. Despite raising an army of 100,000 rebels, the rebellion was crushed.	7
9017004935	Tenskwatawa	Shawnee prophet who urged disciples to abstain from alcohol and return to traditional customs, reducing dependence on European trade goods and severing connections to Christian missionaries. His message spread to other tribes, raising the specter of a pan-Indian confederacy.	8
9017007317	utopian socialism	The most visionary of all Restoration-era movements. People who did this were like Charles Fourier dreaming of transforming states, workplaces, and human relations and proposed plans to do so.	9
9017009179	Wahhabism	Early-eighteenth-century reform movement organized by Muhammad Ibn abd al-Wahhab, who preached the absolute oneness of Allah and a return to the pure Islam of Muhammad.	10

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AP world history Chapter 6 Flashcards

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5127393097	250 million	Population at BC/AD Turing point?	0
5127393098	Eurasia: 80+%	Which of the three supper continents had the largest percentage of the population?	1
5127393099	Domestic animals	What did the Americas lack?	2
5127393100	Animals	What did Africa lack but was available from Eurasia?	3
5127393101	Metallurgy	What was less developed in Americas than in Eurasia and Africa?	4
5127393102	Most of the Americas were still in the Stone Age advancements (no wheel and not many written languages)	Bc metallurgy was less developed in the Americas, what did this cause?	5
5127393103	Yes because writing was more limited	We're civilization more limited in Africa and Americas? Why?	6
5127393104	Eurasia	What was Africa in contact with?	7
5127393105	Mediterranean North Africa	Which part of Africa was in contact with Eurasia?	8
5127393106	They used trade routes over land using camels, and sea trade across Indian Ocean	How did Africa trade with Arabia?	9
5127393107	Until 1492	How long did the Americas develop in isolation for?	10
5127393108	Africa	Which is the most tropical of the world's 3 supercontinents?	11
5127393109	less fertile oil which leads to less productive agriculture. It also causes Numerous parasites and disease-carrying insects	What does Africa's tropical climate cause?	12
5127393110	Nile valley south of Egypt	Nubia and Kush	13
5127393111	Egypt	Who did Nubia and Kush develop in contact with?	14
5127393112	Because of Egypt's decline	Why did Nubian civilization center around the city of Meroe?	15
5127584054	Similar to Egypt, had a sacred, all-powerful monarch (semi-divine figure)	Meroen governments?	16
5127584055	Several women were rulers or co-rulers, women played a more prominent role	What was different in Meroe government that in Egypt's?	17
5127584056	Specialized Production Iron smelting and tool-making Herding and farming (irrigation) Extensive trade with Mediterranean world Meroitic script	Meroe Economy:	18
5127584057	Egyptian hieroglyphics	What was the basis of the Meroitic script?	19
5127584058	Deforestation Shift of trade from Nile to the Red Sea	What are the reasons for Meroe's decline?	20
5127584059	Axum	Who conquered Meroe in 340 A.D.	21
5127584060	Christian Nubian states	What developed with the conquest of Axum?	22
5127584061	Axum	What was the Christian kingdom that conquered Meroe?	23
5127584062	Plow based farming rather than hoe based Raised wheat, barley, millet, and teff Involved in Red Sea and Indian Ocean commerce	Axum economy:	24
5127584063	Taxes on trade	What was a source of income for the state (Axum)?	25
5127584064	Axum	Capital of Axum?	26
5127584065	The Nile River	How did Axum trade with the Romans?	27
5127584066	By means of trade: missionaries from the Roman Empire and Red Sea trade routes	How did Christianity come to Axum?	28
5127584067	King Ezana (4th century A.D.)	Who was the first Christian King of Axum?	29
5127584068	Conquered Meroe and Kush Also expanded into Yemen (Arabian Peninsula) by using the Red Sea	Axum Expansion:	30
5127584069	Over farming lead to soil exhaustion, erosion, and deforestation	Axum's decline:	31
5127584070	Islam	What religion took rise in Axum over Christianity during its decline?	32
5127584071	Greek	What was one of the official languages of Axum?	33
5127584072	Ethiopia	What modern day country did Axum eventually become?	34
5127584073	West Africa; Niger River	Where were the Niger Valley Civilizations located?	35
5127584074	Migration of people looking for water coming from the Sahara desert	What caused people to go to the Niger Valley?	36
5127584075	Jenne-Jeno with 40,000 people	What was the largest city-based civilization in the Niger Vally?	37
5127584076	Almost nonexistint, No central government and not city-states	Niger Valley government:	38
5127584077	No, no police/military to enforce laws and no strong rulers	Did Niger Valley have any real coercive authority?	39
5127584078	Economically specialized settlements centered around a city	Niger Valley economy:	40
5127584079	Economic castes	What developed because of the Niger Valley economy system?	41
5127584080	Thought of people as equal with equal standings even though different specializations	Thoughts on the economic caste:	42
5127584081	No	Could people marry outside their economic caste?	43
5127584082	Farming	What was specialized in rural areas?	44
5127584083	The Niger River	Which River did they use for commerce	45
5127584084	The domestication of camels connected West Africa more closely to North Africa and Mediterranean	How did large-scale empires develop in west Africa (1)?	46
5127584085	Islam arrived, culture changes	How did large-scale empires develop in West Africa (2)?	47
5127689614	Beginnings around 2000 B.C.	The Maya	48
5127689615	Mathematics (Concept of 0 and place notation) Astronomy	The Mayan Achievements	49
5127689616	Egyptian hieroglyphics	What is the Mayan writing similar to?	50
5127689617	Pictographs and phonetics, distinctive	Mayan Writing:	51
5127689618	Drained swamps, terraced hillsides, elaborate water management system	Mayan Engineering:	52
5127689619	A large and growing population along with elite class and specialized occupations	What did the Mayan Productive Agriculture support?	53
5127689620	The Greeks because it varied from place to place	What was the Mayan government similar to and why?	54
5127689621	No central authority, City-states and regional kingdoms Divine rulers or "state shamans"	Mayan Government:	55
5127689622	Over land and trade	Why was there frequent warfare between the Mayan city-states?	56
5127689623	A long term drought 840 A.D.	What caused the Mayan decline and fall?	57
5127689624	Epidemics and warfare, population dropped by 85% in the south	What did the Mayan long term drought cause?	58
5127689625	Large cities were abandoned	What happened after the results of the Mayan drought?	59
5127689626	909 A.D.	When did Mayan civilization end by?	60
5144425866	Teotihuacan	What city begun around 150 A.D. And is contemporary with the Mayans?	61
5144425867	Teotihuacan	Which city in America was built according to a plan?	62
5144425868	Arranged in a grid	How was the city of Teotihuacan arranged?	63
5144425869	Boulevards, apartment building, homes of elite, slums, reservoirs	What did the city of Teotihuacan have?	64
5144425870	Yes, but it was used in a limited way	Did Teothuacan have a system of writing?	65
5144425871	Teotihuacan	Which city had a wide area of influence in Mesoamerica?	66
5144425872	Conquest	What was a possible way that Teotihuacan influenced some Mayan regions?	67
5144425873	Tribute	What did Teotihuacan probably demand from neighboring regions?	68
5144425874	Architecture	What did Teotihuacan influence over a wide region?	69
5144425875	Around 650 A.D.	When did Teotihuacan collapse?	70
5144425876	Around the Andes	Where was Chavin?	71
5144425877	2-3 thousand people	How many people were in the town of Chavin?	72
5144425878	A widespread religious movement (Probably spread by means of trade)	What was Chavin a center of?	73
5144425879	Chavin	Which town in the Andes region had sharp class distinctions?	74
5144479410	Stone houses	What did the elite in Chavin live in?	75
5144479411	Adobe dwellings	What did the commoners in Chavin live in?	76
5144479412	Throughout the Andes region	Where we Chavin influences found?	77
5144479413	The Chavin People	Who had an elaborate temple complex?	78
5144479414	Located in Peru by the Ocean, flourished from 100-800 A.D.	Moche	79
5144479415	Moche	Who had a complex irrigation system?	80
5144479416	Represented by animals	How did the Chavin people represent their deities?	81
5144536865	Maize, beans, squash, cotton	What did kind of crops did Moche raise?	82
5144536866	Moche	Who extensively fished anchovies?	83
5144536867	Warrior-priests	Moche Government:	84
5144536868	Atop pyramids	Where did the warrior-priests of Moche live?	85
5144536869	Hallucinogenic drugs	What did the warrior-priests of Moche use?	86
5144536870	The warrior-priests of Moche	Who did human sacrifices of war prisoners?	87
5144536871	Yes	Did Moche have elaborate burial rituals for elite?	88
5144536872	Elaborate robes, masks, jewelry and headdresses	How were the elite of Moche dressed for their burial rituals?	89
5144536873	Sacrificial victims	What was buried along with the elite of Moche?	90
5144656975	Moche	Who had skilled craftsmen and metal workers?	91
5144656976	Moche	Who had naturalistic portrayal of people, animals, and gods?	92
5144656977	Drought, earthquakes, torrential rains from El Niño	What was the Moche region subject to?	93
5144656978	It weakened Moche civilization	What was the cause of Moche's drought, earthquakes, and torrential rains?	94
5144656979	They became vulnerable to aggressive neighbor's and internal strife.	When Moche civilization weakened, what happened?	95
5144656980	8th century	By the end of which century did the Moche civilization collapse?	96
5144656981	Wari and Tiwanaku	Which two empires flourished from 400-1000 A.D.	97
5144656982	Wari and Tiwanaku	Which two empires developed colonies in isolated areas?	98
5144656983	Wari and Tiwanaku	Which two centered around large capital cities?	99
5144656984	Wari and Tiwanaku	Which two's government stored surplus grains to prevent famine?	100
5144656985	Wari	Hillside terraced farming and employed irrigation, buildings of field stone set in mud and plaster, cities built according to a common plan and linked to a capital city by road network	101
5144656986	Tiwanaku	Used raised fields in swampy areas separated by irrigation canals, buildings using elaborately fitted stone walls, less central control over outer cities	102
5144656987	Wari and Tiwanaku	Which two neighboring societies seemed to have had little apparent conflict between them?	103
5144656988	Language and Clothing	What were difference between Wari and Tiwanaku?	104
5144656989	1000 A.D.	Around what time did both civilizations, Wari and Tiwanaku, collapse around?	105

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AP World History Dates: 1450-1750 CE Flashcards

every freaking important thing that happened between 1450 and 1750

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4047268725	Ottomans recapture Constantinople	1453	0
4047268726	Dias rounded Cape of Good Hope	1488	1
4047268727	Columbus/ Reconquista of Spain	1492	2
4047268728	first slaves to the Americas	1502	3
4047268729	Martin Luther's 95 Theses	1517	4
4047268730	Cortez conquers the Aztecs	1521	5
4047268731	Pizarro topples the Inca	1533	6
4047268732	Battle of Lepanto (naval defeat of the Ottomans)	1571	7
4047268733	defeat of the Spanish Armada by the British	1588	8
4047268734	Battle of Sekigahara/ beginning of Tokugawa in Japan	1600	9
4047268735	foundation of Jamestown in the Americas	1607	10
4047268736	30 Years War	1618-1648	11
4047268737	Ottoman failed attempt to capture Vienna	1683	12
4047268738	Glorious Revolution/ English Bill of Rights	1689	13

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AP World History Exam #3 Flashcards

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8202984282	Xuanzang	Chinese-Buddhist monk who traveled to India to learn Indian Buddhism	0
8202984283	Sui Yangdi's accomplishments	Completed work on the Grand Canal which made trade more possible	1
8202984284	equal-field system	Tang policy of redistributing land so each peasant family could support itself	2
8202984285	Tang Dynasty	Success due to Tang Taizong, extensive communication networks, equal field system, bureaucracy based on merit, military expansion	3
8202984286	Song Dynasty Downfall	Financial issues and little military education	4
8202984287	New Chinese's crops during the Tang and Song dynasties	Fast-ripening rice	5
8202984288	Foot binding	The practice of binding the feet of young girls with long strips of cloth to prevent growth and results in small, curved, and malformed feet	6
8202984289	Buddhism in China	Became popularized by Buddhist merchants on the Silk Road, high morality and standards, posed a challenge to Chinese cultural and social traditions	7
8202984290	Chinese influence on the Silla	Similar capitals, Chinese court and bureaucracy	8
8204693679	Vietnamese women	Prominent role, dominated markets and business ventures	9
8204693680	Shintoism	The indigenous religion of the Japanese	10
8204693681	Shogun	A military governor who ruled Japan	11
8204693682	Samurai	Class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land.	12
8204693683	Muhammad's successor	Abu Bakr	13
8204693684	Islamic split	Shia and Sunni	14
8204693685	Conquered peoples of the Umayyad	Levied a heavy tax (jizya) on those who didn't convert to Islam	15
8204693686	Shia Beliefs	Believe defendants of Ali should be caliphate	16
8204693687	New industry from China to the Islamic World	Paper manufacture	17
8204693688	Islamic conquest Persia and Mesopotamia affect	Started veiling women	18
8204693689	Beliefs of sufis	Did not find formal religious teachings to be especially meaningful, worked to deepen their spiritual awareness	19
8204693690	Persian Influence on Islam	Used Persian administration techniques	20
8204693691	Hindu-Arabic numerals	the number system we use today; it was created by Indian scholars during the Gupta dynasty	21
8204693692	Hajj	The fifth pillar of the Muslim faith: visit Mecca at least once in your lifetime	22
8204693693	Dar al-Islam	an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule	23
8204693694	The Quran	This Islamic holy book contains the teachings of Muhammad	24
8204693695	political structure in post classical India	Kingdoms divided	25
8204747055	Reunited northern India	Harsha	26
8205349894	Sind in 711	Abbasid forces conquered Sind	27
8205349895	Mahmud of Ghazni	the Ghaznavid Turkish leader who raided and plundered India	28
8205349896	Delphi sultans	Conducted raids but never overcame the Hindu resistance	29
8205349897	Southern kingdoms of India	Chola, Vijayanagar	30
8205349898	Hindu temples	played an important role in the agricultural and financial development of southern India	31
8205349899	Emporia	Warehouses that stored cargo between trade expeditions	32
8205349900	Muslim population of India	1/4, Hindus of lower castes hoped to move up	33
8205349901	Funan	Dominated Mekong river, capital at Oc Eo, wealth from controlling trade between China and India	34
8205349902	Kingdom of Srivijaya	Came after fall of Funan, powerful navy, controlled commerce	35
8205349903	Kmer temples	Large and elaborate, Ankhor	36
8205349904	Byzantion	Byzantine Empire, market and fishing town, Golden Horn, sea lanes	37
8205349905	Constantinople	Capital of the Byzantine Empire	38
8205349906	Caesaropapism	System in which the temporal ruler extends his own powers to ecclesiastical and theological matters.	39
8205349907	Hagia Sophia	the Cathedral of Holy Wisdom in Constantinople, built by order of the Byzantine emperor Justinian	40
8205349908	Justinian's achievements	Codification of the Roman law	41
8205349909	Theme system	reorganization of Byzantine society where provinces are put under the control of a general	42
8205349910	Post Roman authority	Germanic kingdoms	43
8205349911	The Franks	Rose to prominence under Charles Martel during the Middle Ages	44
8205349912	Charlemagne	Built capital at Aachen, led many military expectations	45
8205349913	Missi Dominici	Royal officials under Charlemagne who traveled around the country to enforce the king's laws	46
8205349914	Christmas Day 800	Charlemagne is crowned emperor of Rome	47
8205349915	Carolingian empire post Louis the Pious	Lost control of authority and the empire dissolved.	48
8205349916	Agricultural innovations in Europe	Heavy plows	49
8205349917	Feudalism	A system of government based on landowners and tenants	50
8205349918	Pope Gregory I	Responsible for charting an independent course for the Roman church	51
8205349919	St. Basil of Caesarea	Prepared regulations for monasteries	52
8205349920	St. Scholastica	Sister of St. Benedict; founder of Benedictine order for women	53
8205349921	1054	Schism	54
8205349922	Conversion in 989	Prince Vladimir to Christianity	55

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AP World History: World Wars (Unit 9) Flashcards

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6806225048	WWI (background causes)	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Nationalism + imperialism/industrialization + alliances (Triple alliance and Triple Entente) + militarism	0
6806232446	WWI (immediate cause)	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, by a Serbian nationalist + declarations of war as a result of nationalism, militarism, and imperialism	1
6806240892	total war	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: When all of a nation's resources are dedicated to the war effort; both civilian and military populations mobilize to defeat an enemy via rationing, propaganda, increased women in the work force, conscription/draft; e.g. WWI	2
6806255915	WWI (technology)	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Considered the world's first modern war because of technological advancements (e.g. machine guns, heavy artillery, trench warfare, poison gas grenades, gas masks, armored cars, aerial combat, planes, submarines/U-boats); resulted in many cities destroyed and millions of deaths	3
6806270399	WWI (results)	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Cities/nations destroyed (led to rise of WWII leaders) + millions of deaths/injuries/homeless + increased nationalism + breakup of Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires + League of Nations + concept of self-determination	4
6806279899	Paris Peace Conference	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: A meeting of Allied nations in Paris in 1919 after WWI to discuss peace terms with Central Powers + Wilson's proposed 14 Points (the last of which was the League of Nations) + Big Four (Britain's George, France's Clemenceau, U.S.'s Wilson, Italy's Orlando) + formed new nations, broke up other nations, severely punished Germany, created unstable peace	5
6806296652	Treaty of Versailles	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Peace settlement negotiated by the Allies with Germany after WWI which ensured that Germany would never again be a threat to the security of Europe + war-guilt clause, loss of German territory, Rhineland (demilitarized zone between France and Germany), war reparations, disarmament of army, war reparations + led to German economic depression and rise of totalitarian government	6
6806311092	League of Nations	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: First permanent international organization dedicated to maintaining peace + created after WWI + promised peace but had no military power to enforce it + replaced by United Nations (UN)	7
6806318859	mandate system	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: System in which more advanced nations would act as guides for less experienced ones put in place by an article in the covenant of the League of Nations + influenced by the concept of self-determination	8
6806329390	Age of Anxiety	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Period after WWI in which doubt and feelings of uncertainty were cast upon existing ways of life + Pablo Picasso, Freud, Hemingway	9
6806334215	Great Depression	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Global economic depression of 1929 resulting from the U.S. stock market crash and the struggles of European countries to rebuild their damaged postwar economies + surpluses, overproduction, inflation + extreme forms of government for solutions	10
6806344914	New Deal	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Legislation aimed at economic recovery created by FDR to provide relief, recovery, and reform	11
6806359140	fascism (rise)	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Extreme form of nationalist government (state gov. controls all aspects of life) which emerged from Italy and Germany between WWI and WWII because of economic depression and the need for strong leaders + e.g. Italy's Mussolini, Germany's Hitler	12
6806382596	Adolf Hitler (rise to power)	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Leader of the Nazis who rose to power in the 1920s and 1930s + Mein Kampf + appointed Germany's chancellor + ignored Treaty of Versailles and increased military + Nuremburg Laws (anti-Semitic policies)	13
6806391218	Adolf Hitler (at war)	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Took control of Rhineland and Austria + appeasement (e.g. Munich Conference, in which he promised not to invade Czechoslovakia in return for the Sudetenland) + "Living space" (Lebensraum) + Holocaust	14
6818029388	Benito Mussolini	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Responsible for the establishment of the world's first fascist state + dictator in postwar Italy + promised economic recovery, more land to Italian empire + actually suspended people's liberties, used fear/terror to enforce his will + Rome-Berlin Axis	15
6818035895	Joseph Stalin	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Lenin's successor + "man of steel" + totalitarian dictator of USSR during WWII and early Cold War + Five Year Plan + collectivization + Great Purge	16
6818056141	WWII (origins)	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Axis (Germany, Italy, Japan) vs. Allied (France, GB, USSR, China, U.S.) + imperial goals of Japan, Italy, Germany + appeasement (W give in to aggressors to keep peace)	17
6818069501	Nazi-Soviet pact	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Nonaggression treaty signed between Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939 in which the two nations publicly agreed to avoid armed conflict with one another + violated by Germany	18
6818075249	Japanese invasion of China (1937)	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: A full-scale invasion of China by another country in hopes of gaining control of China's extensive natural resources + China was overtaken (ill-prepared to stop invasion)	19
6818079473	Blitzkrieg	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Lightning War + strategy of being fast and mobile (element of surprise, essentially) + e.g. German invasion of POland	20
6818084827	Pearl Harbor	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Japanese attack on U.S. naval base in Hawaii on December 7, 1941 + "a date which will live in infamy" + Hitler and Mussolini declared war on U.S., U.S. joined Allies in WWII	21
6818090827	atomic bomb	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Weapon which ended WWII in the world after it ended in Europe + General MacArthur responsible for island-hopping campaign as well as decision to employ these weapons on the Japanese mainland + Hiroshima, Nagasaki + President Truman + followed by U.S. occupation of Japan	22
6818099623	U.S. occupation of Japan	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Occupation of Japan by a certain country led by General MacArthur after unconditional surrender of WWII + democratization, new constitution, demilitarization	23
6818120053	Holocaust (Jewish)	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Result of anti-Semitism + genocide + under Nazi regime + Final Solution + death/concentration camps (e.g. Auschwitz, Belzec) with gassing, experiments, guns + Nuremberg Trials	24
6818129653	United Nations (UN)	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Coalition dedicated to maintaining world peace and security + created after WWII + replaced League of Nations + esp. U.S., China, GB, USSR, France	25
6818133850	Cold War (origins)	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Ideological war (war of ideas) between two ideologically opposed superpowers + democracy vs. communism + containment + NATO and Warsaw Pacts (military alliances, increased tensions) + satellite nations + nuclear arms and space races	26
6818141364	Iron Curtain (creation)	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Term coined by English PM Winston Churchill in a 1946 speech referring to symbolic division of Europe at the end of WWII + symbolized the war between capitalism (W) and communism (E) + later became reinforced by actual visible symbol, Berlin Wall	27
6818151860	Nuclear Arms Race	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Struggle between U.S. and USSR to claim political superiority across the globe via expensive arms race and proliferation (spreading) of nuclear weapons + deterrence + brinkmanship + Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT)	28
6818158759	satellite nations	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Soviet-occupied nations at the end of WWII + e.g. Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania + buffer zone between USSR and W	29
6818168508	Truman Doctrine	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Economic and military program of 1947 by President Truman to help nations resist Soviet aggression and prevent the spread of communism	30
6818175296	Marshall Plan	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: A.k.a. European Recovery Program + massive economic aid package (part of containment policy) designed to strengthen democracy and lessen appeal of communism after WWII	31
6818181172	NATO	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) + military alliance of democratic nations against Soviet nations + goal: to form military alliance to maintain peace through collective defense in postwar Europe	32
6818189126	Warsaw Pact	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Defensive military alliance of communist nations designed to counter the collective defense formed by the democratic nations of NATO + USSR, Poland, East Germany + Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria	33
6818196105	Geneva Conference	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Cold War peace conference held in 1954 + divided Vietnam temporaily at 17th parallel (N w/ communist Ho Chi Minh vs. S w/ noncommunist control) + domino theory (Eisenhower's belief that if one falls to communism, all will)	34
6818205328	Korean War	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: War as a result of USSR (N) and U.S. (S) occupation (split at 38th parallel) + divided by cease-fire agreement + divided by demilitarized zone	35
6818213097	Cuban Missile Crisis	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Alliance of Fidel Castro (Cuba) and Stalin (Soviet Union) after Bay of Pigs incident + nuclear missile base built in Cuba + President Kennedy declared removal of weapons	36
6818218763	nonalignment	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Alternative to allying with either U.S. or USSR in Cold War + e.g. India, Indonesia, Yugoslavia, many African nations + goal: to avoid involvement in Cold War + maintain/increase economic progress by accepting economic aid from both sides	37
6818223933	colonization	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Occurred as mother countries could no longer maintain control of their colonies as they attempted to repair their own war-torn lands after WWII + newly independent states struggled to maintain autonomy and develop self-determination	38
6818231503	European Economic Community	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Community of a certain continent formed in 1957 + founded by France, Belgium, W Germany, Luxembourg, Italy, Netherlands + characterized by common market and free trade + established by Treaty of Rome	39
6818239570	detente	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Policy adopted by Soviet Union and U.S. during the Cold War in an effort to reduce tensions between the two superpowers over the arms race and control of developing countries + encouraged cooperation in environmental research, space exploration, health research, cultural diffusion	40
6818246529	Vietnam War	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Conflict in non-communist S Vietnam after defeat of French + U.S. intervention, but pressured to end Vietnamization + ended with Paris Peace Accords (1973)	41
6818256970	Iran-Iraq War	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Saddam Hussein (Iraq) vs. Iran + e.g. Persian Gulf War in Kuwait over oil + U.S. involvement	42
6818263402	globalization	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Interdependence and interconnection of world communities + goal: global economy to facilitate movement of goods and trade (associated with the term free trade) + International Monetary Fund (IMF) + North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)	43
6818269475	OPEC	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (1960) + organized producers of oil + goal: to control the price of oil through cooperation + power lessened in 1980s due to overproduction and Iran-Iraq and Gulf Wars	44
6818279313	Iron Curtain (demise)	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Berlin Wall opened (1989), symbolizing end of Cold War + spread of democracy into E Europe + continent no longer divided	45
6818284991	Green Revolution	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Revolution in agriculture which improved agriculture + new farming techniques, fertilizers/pesticides, machinery + new farming methods introduced in developing countries (esp. India) to increase production of stable crops (rice, wheat) + increased food production and population growth	46
6818292851	genocide	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Systematic and deliberate killing of a specific group of people + e.g. Holocaust, Bosnia's ethnic cleansing, Rwanda (Hutus, Tutsis), Cambodia, Armenia	47
6818299112	feminism	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Women's fight for control of own bodies (birth control, abortions) and equality + no longer such ting as "women's work"	48
6818303849	global problems	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Poverty, trafficking, HIV/AIDS, terrorism	49
6818306434	NGOs	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Nongovernmental organizations (groups with no connection, e.g. funding, to a government) + e.g. UN, Red Cross, Greenpeace	50
6818317093	machine gun	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Weapon invented by Maxim in 1884 + defensive weapon during WWI + offensive weapon when mounted on aircraft, tanks, other vehicles + operated by one man, portable + improved with time	51
6818322790	cell phones	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: Commercial mobile devices + originally radio technology from WWII + increased communication and information/data services	52
6818327649	internet	Region: The world Time Period: 1900 - present Definition: "Network of networks" + World Wide Web (WWW) + after U.S. technology research after Soviet launch of Sputnik	53

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AP World History Periodization Flashcards

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6820641835	peopling of the earth	100,000 BCE started in africa	0
6820653624	paleolithic era	10,000 BCE n/a	1
6820657944	agricultural revolution	8,000 BCE n/a	2
6820660390	catal huyuk	6500 BCE middle east	3
6820664207	bronze age	3000 BCE n/a	4
6820670346	bantu migrations	3000-1100 BCE africa	5
6820673450	epic of gilgamesh	2000 BCE middle east/mesopotamia	6
6820676979	founding of judaism	1800 BCE middle east/israel	7
6820681928	mayan civilization	1800 BCE mesoamerica	8
6820685290	hammurabi's code	1790 BCE middle east/mesopotamia	9
6820687918	shang dynasty	1600-1100 BCE central asia	10
6820691836	book of the dead	1550 BCE africa	11
6820693553	mandate of heaven	950 BCE central asia	12
6820696240	founding of buddhism	595 BCE south asia	13
6820701601	founding of confucianism	551 BCE central asia	14
6820703505	roman republic	509 BCE west europe	15
6820706123	golden age of pericles	480 BCE west europe	16
6820709704	peloponnesian war	431 BCE west europe	17
6820712387	rock and pillar edicts	255 BCE south asia/india	18
6820713892	terra cotta army	200 BCE central asia/qin	19
6820717527	start of the silk road	190 BCE central asia	20
6820721924	first civil service exams	130 BCE central asia/han	21
6820724535	roman empire	40 BCE west europe	22
6820727365	founding of christianity	32 CE middle east	23
6820733376	beginning of the trans-saharan trade	4th century CE africa	24
6820735022	ghana empire	300-1200 CE africa	25
6820737082	gupta empire	320-550 CE south asia/india	26
6820739380	yamato clan	late 4th century CE east asia/india	27
6820741267	zimbabwe	4th to 7th century CE africa	28
6820746194	justinian's rule	527-565 CE east europe	29
6820750450	tang dynasty	618-907 CE central asia	30
6820763464	founding of islam	632 CE middle east	31
6820765865	umayyad caliphate	661-750 CE middle east/north africa	32
6820768621	battle of tours	732 CE west europe	33
6820772199	abbasid caliphate	750-1258 CE middle east	34
6820776545	charlemagne	768-814 CE west europe	35
6820780314	foot binding	1000 CE central asia	36
6820781934	champa rice	1000 CE southeast asia	37
6820783774	great schism	1054 CE west europe	38
6820786108	crusades	1095-1291 CE middle east	39
6820787941	cuzco established	1100 CE south america	40
6820789803	shogunate	1200 CE east asia/japan	41
6820792471	genghis khan	1206 CE central asia	42
6820795474	yuan mongol dynaty	1271-1368 CE central asia	43
6820797516	aztecs	1300-1500 CE mesoamerica	44
6820800262	mansa musa's pilgrimage	1324 CE africa	45
6820801549	black death	1347-1352 CE west europe	46
6820802784	renaissance	1400-1700 CE west europe	47
6820806995	printing press invented	1440 CE west europe	48
6820809566	columbian exchange	1450-1550 CE north america west europe africa	49
6820813997	columbus begins voyage	1492 CE west europe-americas	50
6820818229	luther's 95 thesis	1517 CE west europe	51
6820819673	middle passage	1520s CE atlantic ocean	52
6820821763	mughal empire founded	1526 CE south asia	53
6820824352	tokugawa shogunate	1609 CE east asia	54
6820827524	japanese isolation begins	1639 CE east asia/japan	55
6820829033	qing empire begins	1644 CE east asia	56
6820831072	glorious revolution	1688 CE west europe	57
6820832689	english bill of rights	1689 CE west europe	58
6820833940	peter the great	1721 CE east europe	59
6820837666	first industrial revolution	1750 CE west europe	60
6820840491	french and indian war	1754 CE north america	61
6820844986	declaration of independence	1776 CE north america	62
6820847095	french revolution	1789 CE west europe	63
6820848941	napoleon	1799 CE west europe	64
6820851418	egypt breaks from ottoman empire	1805 CE middle east	65
6820854609	slavery abolished in britain	1834 CE west europe	66
6820857517	opium war	1839 CE east asia	67
6820860414	britain directly governs india	1858 CE south asia	68
6820864451	german and italian unification	1871 CE west europe	69
6820866120	second industrial revolution	1880s CE north america	70
6820868054	berlin conference	1884 CE west europe	71
6820869704	spanish american war	1898 CE north america	72
6820872168	russian revolution	1905 CE east europe	73
6820873735	mexican revolution	1911 CE north america	74
6820875720	qing overthrown	1911 CE east asia	75
6820876963	panama canal	1906 CE central america	76
6820878676	us joins WWI	1917 CE north america	77
6820880706	balfour declaration	1917 CE britain/middle east	78
6820883511	stock market crash	1929 CE north america	79
6820885433	green revolution	1930s-1960s CE world	80
6820887630	hitler takes power	1933 CE west europe	81
6820889258	japan invades china	1937 CE east asia/japan	82
6820891210	munich conference	1938 CE west europe	83
6820892884	WWII	1939-1945 CE world	84
6820895086	pearl harbor	1941 CE north america	85
6820896690	marshall plan	1948 CE north america	86
6820899409	apartheid in africa	1948 CE africa	87
6820902303	israel formed	1948 CE middle east	88
6820903614	korean war	1951 CE east asia	89
6820904615	warsaw pact	1955 CE east europe	90
6820907068	start of african decolonization	1957 CE africa	91
6820908620	OPEC	1960 CE middle east	92
6820909735	bay of pigs	1961 CE north america	93
6820911208	berlin wall built	1961 CE west/east europe	94
6820912684	cuban missile crisis	1962 CE north america	95
6820914536	vietnam war	1975 CE southeast asia	96
6820918659	USSR enters war in afghanistan	1979 CE east europe	97
6820920428	iran-iraq war	1980 CE middle east	98
6820922026	fall of communism in east europe	1989 CE east europe	99
6820925155	tiananmen square	1989 CE east asia	100
6820926538	end of USSR	1991 CE east europe	101

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Unit 4 Ap world history Flashcards

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7999493455	absolute monarch	A system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete power	0
7999493456	atheists	People who deny the existence of God	1
7999493457	capitalism	An economic system based on private ownership of capital	2
7999493458	colonization	One country taking over another area to be used for their benefit	3
7999493459	commerce/commercial	social dealings between people	4
7999493460	commonwealth	a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them	5
7999493461	divine right	Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god.	6
7999493462	demography	Scientific study of human populations.	7
7999493463	humanism	A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements	8
7999493464	left wing	the liberal, socialist, or radical section of a political party or system	9
7999493465	mercantilism	An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought	10
7999493466	monastic	Relating to or resembling a monastery (where monks or nuns live), esp. by being quiet, secluded, contemplative, strict, and/or lacking luxuries	11
7999493467	monopoly	A market in which there are many buyers but only one seller.	12
7999493468	right wing	Conservative ideology in which change is opposed and the traditional way of doing things is encouraged	13
7999493469	revolution	An overthrow and replacement of an established government or political system by the people governed.	14
7999493470	satire	A literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.	15
7999493471	utopia	an ideal society	16
7999493472	hagia sophia	Most famous example of Byzantine architecture, it was built under Justinian I and is considered one of the most perfect buildings in the world.	17
7999493473	vernacular	Everyday language of ordinary people	18
7999493474	age of reason	a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions	19
7999493475	Akbar the great	known for religious tolerance. grandson of Babur who created a strong central government	20
7999493476	john calvin	1509-1564. French theologian. Developed the Christian theology known as Calvinism. Attracted Protestant followers with his teachings.	21
7999493477	martin luther	A German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. He led the Protestant Reformation.	22
7999493478	Elizabeth I	(1533-1603) Queen of England and Ireland between 1558 and 1603. She was an absolute monarch and is considered to be one of the most successful rulers of all time.	23
7999493479	henry VIII	(1491-1547) King of England from 1509 to 1547; his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England's break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of England in 1532.	24
7999493480	encomienda system	It gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work. In exchange, these settlers were supposed to protect the Native American people and convert them to Christianity	25
7999493481	english bill of rights	King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people.	26
7999493482	floating empires	Portuguese and the Spanish set out to sea, controlled many major shipping routes	27
7999493483	goa, india	Portuguese trading port. They took control with a fleet of ships.	28
7999493484	Gutenberg's printing press	the printing press that allowed the spread of protestant ideas and the bible	29
7999493485	hacienda system	similar to the feudal system, Natives got money and had to buy their products from their owners	30
7999493486	hapsburg spain	Charles V was the king here and this is where counter reformation was strongest.	31
7999493487	heliocentric theory	the idea that the earth and the other planets revolve around the sun.	32
7999493488	huguenots	French Protestants	33
7999493489	indulgences	Selling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church. It was common practice when the church needed to raise money. The practice led to the Reformation.	34
7999493490	dutch east india company	Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies.	35
7999493491	edict of Nantes	1598 - Granted the Huguenots liberty of conscience and worship.	36
7999493492	counter reformation	the reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation reaffirming the veneration of saints and the authority of the Pope (to which Protestants objected)	37
7999493493	protestant reformation	A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.	38
7999493494	the three g's	God, glory and gold	39
7999493495	scientific revolution	A major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs.	40
7999493496	shogun	A general who ruled Japan in the emperor's name	41
7999493497	solemn the magnificent	(Ottoman Empire) Created the largest empire and rebuilt legal system	42
7999493498	thirty years war	Protestant rebellion against the Holy Roman Empire ends with peace of westpahlia.1618-48) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a batlte between France and their rivals the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire.	43
7999493499	treaty of Westphalia	Ended Thirty Years' War in 1648; granted right to individual rulers within the Holy Roman Empire to choose their own religion-either Protestant or Catholic.	44
7999493500	zheng he	An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa.	45
7999493501	Tokugawa bakufu system	last feudal Japanese military government which existed between 1603 and 186	46
7999493502	janissaries	Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826.	47
7999493503	gunpowder empires	Muslim empires of the Ottomans, Safavids, and the Mughals that employed cannonry and gunpowder to advance their military causes.	48
7999493504	peter the great	(1672-1725) Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg.	49
7999493505	An accurate list of the Gunpowder Empires?	Safavid Persia, Ottoman Turkey, Mughal India	50
7999493506	Viva La	Raza	51
7999493507	What system managed the transportation of goods throughout the world?	Columbian Exchange	52
7999493508	What were considered cash crops?	Sugar and Tobacco	53