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Unit 1 AP World History Flashcards

7310004628	Complex Society	a form of large-scale social organization that emerged in several parts of the ancient world; emerged with the change from nomadic hunting groups to small organized agricultural societies with speacialized crafts, political systems, cultural traditions, and social classes; arose in 3500-500BCE in scattered regions across the world	0
7310004629	Lucy	3.2 million year old female mummy found in Hadar, West Africa; Lucy was a hominid who could walk upright and manipulate tools with her hands but had a skull the size of a small grapefruit	1
7310004630	Paleolithic	"old stone age" era, extends from beginning of hominids to development of complex societies 12,000 years ago; time when human beings foraged for food by hunting or gathering; social equality, hunting strategies, religion, and cave paintings emerged	2
7310004631	Neolithic	"new stone age" era, from 12,000-6,000 years ago; time when early stages of agricultural societies emerged; specialized labor, villages and towns, pottery, metallurgy, textile production, and social distinctions also emerged in this time	3
7310004632	Venus Figurines	small sculptures of women usually with exaggereated sexual features created with cetain intrest in fertility; suggest intrest in generation of new life; created to increase fertility; first form of religion	4
7310004633	Lascaux Cave Paintings	date from 34,000-12,000 years ago; may hve been created to exercise "sympathetic magic" (to gain control over subjects like animals by capturing their spirits); meant to increase luck in hunting or just decoration	5
7310004634	Metallurgy	first used copper, common and easy to mold; hammered metal then later heated it to bend; created first jewlelry and decorations, then weapons	6
7310004635	Textile	starts 6000BCE if not earlier; came with selective breeding of animals and crops; machines later invented to weave fabrics and spin thread; most likely work of women who stayed home with children; textile production becomes very important in agricultural society	7
7310004636	Social Class/Social Structures	land was ultimate source of wealth; qualitiy of interior decoration in houses and value of goods buried with individuals showed clear social distiction	8
7310004637	Neolithic "Revolution"	included emergence of complex societies, pottery, metallurgy, textil production, social distinctions, differing religions; not agriculturally based	9
7310004638	"Agricultural Transition"	transition from nomadic hunting and gathering groups to agricultural based complex societies	10
7310004639	Demographic pressures	...	11
7310004640	Pharaoh	...	12
7310004641	Hieroglyphics	...	13
7310004642	Pyramids	...	14
7310004643	Savannah	...	15
7310004644	Mercenary	...	16
7310004645	Cataracts	...	17
7310004646	Rosetta Stone	...	18
7310004647	Cuneiform	a Sumerian writing style that requires the use of a stylus fashioned from a reed to impress symbols on wet clay; means "wedge-shaped" in Latin	19
7310004648	Epic of Gilgamesh	book written about the mythical stories and adventures of Gilgamesh, a hero of ancient Mesopotamian society and apparently the 5th king of Uruk for 126 years around 2750BCE, he was granted with the perfect body and superhuman strength and courage from God	20
7310004649	Sargon of Akkad	creator of the Mesopotamian Empire; a talented administrator and brilliant warroir, he seized each Sumerian city-state one by one and took control of the trade routes and natural resources until his army was unstoppable; ruled Mesopotamia until it collapsed due to rebellion towards imperial rule and invasions	21
7310004650	Stele	...	22
7310004651	Assyrians	one state fighting for control of Mesopotamia after Hammurabi; by 800 or 900BCE they gained Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine, much of Anatolia, and most of Egypt	23
7310004652	Stratified Patriarchal Society	Kings->Nobles->priests/priestesses->free commoners, dependent clients->slaves; patriarchal, much influence from Hammurabi's code; women with less rights, by 1500BCE they had to wear veils	24
7310004653	Mummification	Egyptian embalming tradition applied to pharaohs and wealthy families; includes removal of internal organs and placement of them into jars representing Egyption gods	25
7310004654	Menes	...	26
7310004655	Semitic	relating to the Semitic family of languages, including Akkadian, Aramaic, Hebrew, and Phoenician	27
7310004656	Polytheism	...	28
7310004657	Cross-cultural Exchange and Interaction	...	29
7310004658	City-State	a city that not only controlled public life within the city walls but also oversaw affairs in surrounding agricultural regions	30
7310004659	Empire	society that ruled over many cities and peoples; the combination of many cities or city-states into one society	31
7310004660	Hammurabi	ruled Mesopotamia 1792-1750BCE under Babylon as capital; relied on centralized bureaucratic rule and regular taxation; created laws that relied much on lex talionis ("law of retaliation" offenders suffer their crime); empire fell to Hittie invasions	32
7310004661	Indo-European	from the Indo-European homeland located above the Black Sea, connecting Europe to Asia, India, and Arabia	33
7310004662	Hitties	as of 1900BCE, originated from Anatolia; first adopted many Mesopotamian cultures and technology through close relations with Mesopotamian people; toppled Babylonian empire in 1595BCE then lost it after 1200BCE due to waves of invaders	34
7310004663	Hanging Gardens of Babylon	refers to rule of Nebuchandnezzar in "New Babylonian" empire (Mesopotamia) when he lavished the region with luxurious alterations, foliage, and valuable metals and jewels	35
7310004664	Hebrews	early nomads in region between Mesopotamia and Egypt during 2nd millenniumBCE; part od the Old Testement of the Christian Bible	36
7310004665	Israelites	a branch of Hebrews that migrated to Palestine under leadership of Moses where they fought a place for themselves; under Kind David and King Solomon they ruled the region between Syria and the Sinai penninsula, built Jerusalem, and entered into diplomatic and commercial relations with Mesopotamia	37
7310004666	Jews	Israelites who returned to Judea after the Babylonian conquest; created several small Jewish states where they ruled using teachings from the Torah; Jews later significantly influence Chritianity and Islam	38
7310004667	Abraham	Hebrew patriarch who migrated from Sumerian city of Ur to Palestine in 1850BCE possibly because of disorder in Sumer	39
7310004668	Phoenicians	from coastal strip of land north of Jerusalem called Canaan; survived through trade and communication networks through the Mediterranian Sea and with Mesopotamia; had established alphabet of 22 symbols representing consonants	40

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AP World History ch 3 Flashcards

Early African societies and the Bantu migrations

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7390525413	Mummification	the preservation of dead bodies by embalming and wrapping them in cloth	0
7390525414	sorghum	A grain sudanic people grew	1
7390525415	Menes (Narmer)	A minor official from southern Egypt who rose to power and extended his authority and united upper and lower Egypt	2
7390525416	Pharoah	a ruler in ancient Egypt	3
7390525417	Old Kingdom	(2700-270 bce) unification of Nike kingdoms and establishment of long lasting government, culture, traditions. Pyramids were build, ended with a civil war	4
7390525418	Khafre	Built the Sphinx, an Egyptian pharaoh	5
7390525419	Kush	Southern Egypt'a capital. Nubian kingdom that conquered all of Upper and Lower Egypt in the 700s B.C.	6
7390525420	Middle Kingdom	a period of order and stability that lasted until about 1750 BC	7
7390525421	Hyksos	a group of nomadic invaders from southwest Asia who ruled Egypt from 1640 to 1570 B.C.	8
7390525422	New kingdom	Period after the Hyksos rulers	9
7390525423	Tuthmosis III	The most vigorous of all the new kingdom kings, dominated cities. Making Egypt an imperial power for half a millennium	10
7390525424	Queen Hatshepsut	New Kingdom ruler renowned for expanding Egyptian trade	11
7390525425	Hieroglyphics	Pictographs in Egypt, but each one represented a sound and idea. The first writing in Egypt	12
7390525426	Hieratic	Egypt writing used for every day, cursive form of hieroglyphics	13
7390525427	Demotic	Egyptians adopted Greek letters into their language and developed their own alphabet	14
7390525428	Papyrus	Egyptian paper	15
7390525429	Rosetta Stone	Artifact that unlocked the mystery of Egyptian hieroglyphics	16
7390525430	Meroitic	Borrowed Egyptian hieroglyphs but used then to represent sounds rather then ideas	17
7390525431	Amon-Re	The Egyptian gods Amon and Re put together	18
7390525432	Aten	A deity associated with the sun, was the monotheistic god of Egypt for a while	19
7390525433	Akhenaten	Changed Egypt from Polytheism to Monotheistic for his rein and made his own God up	20
7390525434	Cult of Osiris	Myth, Osiris is the god of the underworld and it showed Egypt's view of the afterlife and what you must do to get there	21
7390525435	Bantu people	Eastern Africa people who lived along banks of rivers and over populated Africa	22
7390525436	Nyamba	The Bantu god, associated with goodness	23

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AP World History Chapter 1 Flashcards

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5467718509	Homo Sapiens	The humanoid species that emerged as most successful at the end of the Paleolithic period	0
5467718510	Neolithic Stone Age	The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plats and animals accomplished	1
5467718511	Paleolithic Stone Age	The Old Stone Age ending in 12,000 B.C.E.; typified by use of crude stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence	2
5467718512	Bronze Age	From about 4000 B.C.E., when bronze tools were first introduced in the Middle East, to about 1500 B.C.E., when iron began to replace it	3
5467718513	Slash and burn agriculture	A version of harvesting where you slash and burn	4
5467718514	Cuneiform	A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets	5
5467718515	Sumerians	People who migrated into Mesopotamia C. 4000 B.C.E; created first civilization within region; organized area into city-states	6
5467718516	Ziggurats	Massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes	7
5467718517	Babylonian Empire	Unified all of Mesopotamia C. 1800 B.C.E.; collapsed due to foreign invasion C. 1600 B.C.E.	8
5467718518	Hammurabi	The most important ruler of the Babylonian empire; responsible for codification of law	9
5467718519	Shang	First Chinese dynasty for which archeological evidence exists; capital located in Ordos bulge of the Huanghe; flourished 1600 to 1046 B.C.E.	10
5467718520	Ideographs	Pictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing	11
5467718521	Monotheism	The exclusive worship of a single god; introduced by the Jews into Western civilization	12

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Ap World History- Chapter 4 Flashcards

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5722108926	age of warring states	a period of chaos, growing violence, and disharmony. followed the period of unity in China.	0
5722136781	Zoroastrianism	-person: Zoroaster -date: 7th century BCE -location: Persia -key ideas: single high god, cosmic conflict of good and evil	1
5722145753	Judaism	-person: Hebrew prophets (Isaiah, Amos, Jeremiah) -date: 9th-6th centuries BCE -location: eastern Mediterranean/ palestine/ israel -key ideas: transcendent high god, covenant with chosen people, social justice	2
5722182790	Hinduism (Brahmanism)	-person: anonymous writers of Upanishads -time: 800-400 BCE -location: India -key ideas: Brahma (the single impersonal divine reality), karma, rebirth, goal of liberation (moksha)	3
5722197799	Confucianism	-person: Confucius -time: 6th century BCE -location: China -key ideas: social harmony through moral example, secular outlook, importance of eduction, family as model of the state	4
5722215024	Jainism	-person: Mahavira -time: 6th century BCE -location: India -key ideas: all creatures have souls, purification through nonviolence, opposed to caste system	5
5722226959	Buddhism	-person: Siddhartha Gautama -time: 6th century BCE -location: India -key ideas: suffering caused by desire and attachment, end of suffering through modest and moral living and practice of meditation	6
5722242436	Daoism	-person: Laozi, Zhuangzi -date: 6th-3rd centuries BCE -location: China -key ideas: withdrawal from the world into contemplation of nature, simple living, end of striving	7
5722255023	Greek rationalism	-person: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle -time: 5th to 4th centuries BCE -location: Greece -key ideas: style of persistent questioning, secular explanation of nature and human life	8
5722268015	Christianity (Jesus)	-person: Jesus -time: early 1st century CE -location: Palestine/Israel -key ideas: supreme importance of love based on intimate relationship with god, at odds with established authorities	9
5722284801	Christianity (St Paul)	-person: Saint Paul -time: 1st century CE -location: Palestine/Israel/Eastern Roman empire -key ideas: Christianity as a religion for all, salvation through faith in Jesus Christ	10
5722299320	Legalist answer to China's problems	hardheaded and practical philosophy. thought the solution to China's problems lay in rules or laws that were clear and strict. had a pessimistic view of human nature.	11
5722316784	Confucian answer to China's problems	the moral example of superiors would restore social harmony. education was the key to moral betterment. the family became a model for political life.	12
5722352559	filial piety	Confusion belief, the honoring of one's ancestors and parents	13
5722364745	wen	refers to the refined qualities of rationality, scholarship, and literary and artistic abilities	14
5722369345	wu	focused attention on physical and martial achievements	15
5722387854	Daoist answer to China's problems	urged withdrawal into the world of nature and encouraged behavior that was spontaneous, individualistic, and natural. family life was central to Chinese society, but a more equal balance between the sexes.	16
5722409887	dao	elusive notion that refers to the way of nature, the underlying and unchanging prince that governs all natural phenomenon.	17
5722490261	Vedas	an evolving set of widely recognizes sacred and religious Hindu texts. collections of poems, hymns, prayers, and rituals compiled by priests called Brahmins.	18
5722508080	Upanishads	another body of sacred Hindu texts. mystical and highly philosophical works that sought to probe the inner meaning of the sacrifices in the Vedas.	19
5722526113	moksha	hindu belief; liberation from the cycle of death and rebirth	20
5722532068	samsara	hindu belief; the notion of rebirth and reincarnation	21
5722535626	karma	hindu belief; states that human souls migrate from body to body over many lifetimes, depending on one's actions.	22
5722570150	Laws of Manu	Hindu laws. describe a social order and gender system that is extremely patriarchal.	23
5722587762	nirvana	Buddhist belief; means enlightenment. main goal in Buddhism, can be achieved by following the Buddhist path. an indescribable state un which individual identity would be extinguished along with greed, hatred, and delusion.	24
5732601971	Buddhism and Hinduism similarities	much of the Buddha's teachings reflected Hindu traditions. including: the key idea that ordinary life is an illusion, the concepts of karma and rebirth, the goal of overcoming the demands of the ego, the practice of meditation, the hope for final release from the cycle of rebirth. Buddhism was essentially a simplified and more accessible version of Hinduism.	25
5732623755	Theravada Buddhism	the early version of Buddhism. portrayed the Buddha as an immensely wise teacher and model, but not a divine. was more psychological than religious and was a set of practices rather than beliefs. the gods played little role in achieving enlightenment.	26
5732629067	Mahayana Buddhism	a modified form of Buddhism, present by the early centuries of the common era. proclaimed that help was available for the voyage to enlightenment. developed bodhisattvas. Buddha became a sort of God, Buddhism was transformed into a popular religion of salvation. religious merit could not be earned by acts of piety and devotion.	27
5732636843	bodhisattvas	spiritually developed people who postponed their own entry into nirvana to assist those who were still suffering.	28
5732655372	Buddhism in India	Buddhism eventually died out in India, but its Mahayana form prevailed in other places, specifically Asia. Hinduism became the leading religion in India.	29
5732683835	Yahweh	Jewish God. viewed as a powerful and jealous deity, who demanded their exclusive loyalty. encountered as a divine person with whom people could actively communicate.	30
5732699697	Socrates	an Athenian philosopher who walked about the city engaging others in conversation about the good life. did not lecture or teach, but rather questioned his student's thinking. Got in trouble with the city authorities for his way of thinking and was sentenced to death.	31
5732709613	Greek thinkers	all had a commitment to a rational and nonreligious explanation for the material world.	32
5732728609	Saint Paul	started the transformation of Christianity from a small Jewish sect to a world religion. was an early convert whose missionary journeys in the eastern roman empire led to the founding of small christian communities that included non-jews.	33
5732746898	motives behind Rome's persecutions against Christians	it was strange and offensive that Christians were so monotheist, and denied all other supernatural powers. They were tagged as "atheists" and were persecuted. all of that ended with Constantine's conversion to Christianity. Christianity soon came to be the glue that held the Roman empire together.	34
5732760443	bureaucracy	a hierarchically organized structure of government that acts as a state	35

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AP US History Period 7 (1890-1945) Flashcards

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9224190308	The Great Depression	The deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world. In the United States, the Great Depression began soon after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors.	0
9224190309	Progressive Era	A period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States, from the 1890s to 1920s.	1
9224190310	Prohibition	A nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation and sale of alcoholic beverages that remained in place from 1920 to 1933.	2
9224190311	Women's suffrage	The women's right to vote, granted by the 19th amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920).	3
9224190312	preservationists	Those who attempt to maintain in their present condition areas of the Earth that are so far untouched by humans.	4
9224190313	conservationists	Those who advocate for the sustainable use and management of natural resources including wildlife, water, air, and earth deposits, both -- renewable and non-renewable.	5
9224190314	Welfare State	A system whereby the government undertakes to protect the health and well-being of its citizens, especially those in financial or social need, by means of grants, pensions, and other benefits. The foundations for the modern welfare state in the US were laid by the New Deal programs of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.	6
9224190315	Liberalism	A viewpoint or ideology associated with free political institutions and religious toleration, as well as support for a strong role of government in regulating capitalism and constructing the welfare state.	7
9224190316	mass media	Diversified mediatechnologies that are intended to reach a large audience by mass communication.	8
9224190317	The Great Migration	The movement of 6 million African-Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West that occurred between 1910 and 1970.	9
9224190318	imperialist	A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.	10
9224190319	isolationism	A category of foreign policies institutionalized by leaders who asserted that their nations' best interests were best served by keeping the affairs of other countries at a distance.	11
9224190320	Spanish-American War	A conflict fought between Spain and the United States in 1898. Hostilities began in the aftermath of sinking of the USS Maine in Havana harbor leading to American intervention in the Cuban War of Independence.	12
9224190321	Treaty of Versailles	One of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. Signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.	13
9224190322	League of Nations	An intergovernmental organization founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It lacked an armed force to enforce policy and was not joined by the United States.	14
9224190323	fascism	An authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.	15
9224190324	totalitarianism	A political system where the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible.	16
9224190325	Axis Powers	Germany, Italy, and Japan, which were allied before and during World War II.	17
9224190326	Allied Powers	U.S., Britain, France, which were allied before and during World War II.	18
9224190327	Nazi Concentration Camp	A guarded compound for the detention or imprisonment of aliens, members of ethnic minorities, political opponents. Primarily Jewish Europeans during WWII.	19
9224190328	Holocaust	A genocide in which Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany and its collaborators killed about six million Jews and members from other fringe social groups during World War II.	20
9224190329	Internment of Japanese Americans	Forced relocation and incarceration in camps in the interior of the U.S. of between 110,000 and 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry who had lived on the Pacific coast.	21
9224190330	Pacific "Island Hopping"	A military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against Japan and the Axis powers during World War II. The idea was to bypass heavily fortified Japanese positions and instead concentrate the limited Allied resources on strategically important islands that were not well defended but capable of supporting the drive to the main islands of Japan.	22
9224190331	D-Day	The landing operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II.	23
9224190332	atomic bomb	A "fission" bomb dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima at the end of World War II.	24
9224190333	americanization	The process of assimilating American character, manner, ideals, culture, and so on.	25
9224190334	sphere of influence	The territory of weaker states where a powerful state exercises the dominant control.	26
9224190335	partition	In politics, the act of dividing a weaker territory or government among several more powerful states.	27
9224190336	bellicose	Disposed to fight or go to war.	28
9224190337	banana republic	A disparaging term for the small nations of Central America, with particular reference to their political instability and poor, single-crop economies.	29
9224190338	progressive	In politics, one who believes in continuing progress, improvement, or reform.	30
9224190339	exposé	A disclosure or revelation considered embarrassing to those involved.	31
9224190340	direct primary	In politics, the nomination of a party's candidates for office through a special election of that party's voters.	32
9224190341	initiative	In politics, the procedure whereby voters can, through petition, present proposed legislation directly to the electorate.	33
9224190342	referendum	The submission of a law, proposed or already in effect, to a direct vote of the electorate.	34
9224190343	recall	In politics, a procedure for removing an official from office through popular election or other means.	35
9224190344	insubordination	Deliberate disobedience to proper authority.	36
9224190345	entrepreneurship	The process whereby an individual initiates a business at some risk in order to expand it and thereby earn a profit.	37
9224190346	self-determination	In politics, the right of a people (usually based on ethnicity) to shape its own national identity and form a government, without outside coercion of influence.	38
9224190347	graduated income tax	A tax on income in which the taxation rates are progressively higher for those whit higher income.	39
9224190348	levy	A forcible tax or other imposition.	40
9224190349	enclave	A small territory surrounded by foreign or hostile territory. Enclaves were common among newly-arrived immigrant groups (e.g. "Chinatown" in San Francisco).	41
9224190350	censor	An official who examines publications, mail, literature, and so forth in order to remove or prohibit the distribution of material deemed dangerous or offensive.	42
9224190351	Northern Securities Co. v. U. S. (1904)	Re-established the authority of the federal government to fight monopolies under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.	43
9224190352	Muller v. Oregon (1908)	First case to use the "Brandeis brief"; recognized a 10-hour work day for women laundry workers on the grounds of health and community concerns.	44
9224190353	Schenck v. U. S. (1919)	Unanimously upheld the Espionage Act of 1917 which declared that people who interfered with the war effort were subject to imprisonment; declared that the 1st Amendment right to freedom of speech was not absolute; free speech could be limited if its exercise presented a "clear and present danger."	45
9224190354	Korematsu v. U. S. (1941)	The court upheld the constitutionality of detention camps for Japanese-Americans during World War 2.	46
9224190355	belligerent	(adj.) given to fighting, warlike; combative, aggressive; (n.) one at war, one engaged in war	47
9224190356	Open Door Policy	The policy that China should be open to trade with all of the major powers, and that all, including the United States, should have equal right to trade there. This was the official American position toward China as announced by Secretary of State John Hay in 1899.	48
9224190357	socialism	An economic and governmental system based on public ownership of the means of production and exchange.	49
9224190358	Eugene Debs	Prominent socialist leader (and five time presidential candidate) who founded the American Railroad Union and led the 1894 Pullman Strike	50
9224190359	Roosevelt Corollary	Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force.	51
9224190360	Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)	Founded in 1905, this radical union, also known as the Wobblies aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote labor's interests. It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution, and led several major strikes. Stressed solidarity.	52
9224190361	Pure Food and Drug Act	Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA.	53
9224190362	Teddy Roosevelt	Twenty-sixth president of the United States; he focused his efforts on trust busting, environment conservation, and strong foreign policy.	54
9224190363	William Taft	27th president of the U.S.; he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff; he lost Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term.	55
9224190364	Triangle Shirtwaist Fire	March 1911 fire in New York factory that trapped young women workers inside locked exit doors; nearly 50 ended up jumping to their death; while 100 died inside the factory; led to the establishment of many factory reforms, including increasing safety precautions for workers	56
9224190365	segregation	Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences. Common in the South after the Civil War through the 1960s.	57
9224190366	Harlem Renaissance	Black literary and artistic movement centered in Harlem that lasted from the 1920s into the early 1930s that both celebrated and lamented black life in America; Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston were two famous writers of this movement.	58
9224190367	Fourteen Points	The war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations.	59
9224190368	Red Scare	A social/political movement designed to prevent a socialist/communist/radical movement in this country by finding "radicals," incarcerating them, deporting them, and subverting their activities. Periods of Red Scare occurred after both World Wars in the United States.	60
9224190369	Sedition Act	A law passed by Congress in 1918 (during World War I) to make it illegal to say anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the government or the war effort in WWI. Seen as a military necessity by some for effectively fighting in WWI.	61
9224190370	Emergency Quota Act	A government legislation that limited the number of immigrants from Europe which was set at 3% of the nationality currently in the U.S. It greatly limited the number of immigrants who could move to the U.S. And it reflected the isolationist and anti-foreign feeling in America as well as the departure from traditional American ideals.	62
9224190371	Scopes Trial	Also known as the Scopes Monkey Trial; 1925 court case argued by Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan in which the issue of teaching evolution in public schools was debated. Highlighted the growing divide between rural (more conservative) and urban (more liberal) interests in the United States.	63
9224190372	Sacco and Vanzetti Trial	Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants charged with murdering a guard and robbing a shoe factory in Braintree, Massachusetts. The trial lasted from 1920-1927. Convicted on circumstantial evidence; many believed they had been framed for the crime because of their anarchist and pro-union activities.	64
9224190373	Kellog-Briand Pact	Idealistic agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another.	65
9224190374	Herbert Hoover	Republican president at the outset of the Great Depression. As a Republican, he believed that the federal government should not interfere in economic problems; the severity of the Great Depression forced his hand to provide some federal assistance to those in need, but he mostly left these efforts to the states.	66
9224190375	Smoot-Hawley Tariff	One of Herbert Hoover's earliest efforts to protect the nation's farmers following the onset of the Great Depression. Tariff raised rates to an all-time high.	67
9224190376	Platt Amendment	This amendment to the new Cuban constitution authorized U.S. intervention in Cuba to protect its interests. Cuba pledged not to make treates with other countries that might compromise its independence, and it granted naval bases to the United States, most notable being Guantanamo Bay.	68
9224190377	Indian Reorganization Act	Government legislation that allowed the Indians a form of self-government and thus willingly shrank the authority of the U.S. government. It provided the Indians direct ownership of their land, credit, a constitution, and a charter in which Indians could manage their own affairs.	69
9224190378	Zoot Suit Riots	A series of riots in 1944 during World War II that broke out in Los Angeles, California, between Anglo American sailors and Marines stationed in the city, and Latino youths, who were recognizable by the zoot suits they favored.	70
9224190379	Yalta Conference	FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War.	71
9224190380	William Jennings Bryan	United States lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school (1860-1925).	72
9224190381	Woodrow Wilson	(1856-1924) President of the United States (1913-1921) and the leading figure at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. He was unable to persuade the U.S. Congress to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations.	73
9224190382	United Nations	An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation.	74
9224190383	communism	A political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.	75
9224190384	Bolshevik Revolution	The overthrow of Russia's Provisional Government in the fall of 1917 by Lenin and his Bolshevik forces, made possible by the government's continuing defeat in the war, its failure to bring political reform, and a further decline in the conditions of everyday life.	76

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20th Century U.S. History - Major Events Flashcards

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6870894514	Galveston Storm	(1900) Hurricane slammed into Galveston killing 8,000; still the worst natural disaster in American history	0
6867453889	Assassination of William McKinley	(1901) Made Theodore Roosevelt President	1
6867462308	Wright Brothers	(1903) First flight at Kitty Hawk, NC	2
6870796388	Roosevelt Corollary	(1904) Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force; first put into effect in Dominican Republic	3
6870806838	San Francisco Earthquake	(1906) deadliest earthquake in American history; about 3,000 people died and over 80% of the city was destroyed	4
6867476046	Upton Sinclair	(1906) Writes "The Jungle"; led to Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act	5
6867483629	Henry Ford	(1908) Introduces Model-T	6
6867493324	Titanic Sinks	(1912) Thought to be unsinkable; sinks in the Atlantic	7
6870840861	Sixteenth Amendment	(1913) established the income tax	8
6867506642	Assembly Line	(1913) Ford begins using assembly line for build cars	9
6867510410	Archduke Ferdinand	(1914) Austrian heir assassinated in Sarajevo; sparks the beginning of WWI	10
6867514416	World War I	(1914-1918) Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire vs. Great Britain, France, Russia and U.S.	11
6867529417	Panama Canal	(1914) U.S. finishes this massive project	12
6867541205	Lusitania	(1915) German u-boat sinks British passenger ship; many Americans die	13
6867549989	Russian Revolution	(1917) Czar Nicholas II overthrown in Russian; eventually led to the Bolshevik Revolution and the establishment of the USSR	14
6867560551	U.S. enters WWI	(1917) Why? Reasons include: (1) Sinking of the Lusitania; (2) Zimmerman Telegram; (3) Germany declared unrestricted submarine warfare	15
6867655446	Fourteen points	(1914-1918) A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I; called for the formation of the League of Nations	16
6870932754	Influenza Pandemic	(1918) The influenza pandemic (Spanish flu) spans the globe, killing over twenty million worldwide and five hundred and forty-eight thousand people in the United States.	17
6867577395	Armistice Day	(1918) November 11, 1918 - World War I ends	18
6867579797	Treaty of Versailles	(1919) Official end of WWI; "war guilt clause" against Germany	19
6867587865	Prohibition	(1920) 18th Amendment; the manufacture, sale, and transportation of intoxicating liquor was made illegal; led to "speakeasies" and organized crime	20
6867601064	Women's Suffrage	(1920) 19th Amendment gave women in the U.S. the right to vote	21
6867608950	Teapot Dome	(1923) Scandal took place during Harding's administration; corrupt official allows private companies to drill for oil on lands reserved for the use of the Navy	22
6867635477	Scopes Trial	(1925) The "Scopes Monkey Trial" in Tennessee	23
6867644629	Charles Lindbergh	(1927) First solo trans-Atlantic flight; "The Spirit of St. Louis"	24
6867670038	Sacco and Vanzetti	(1927) Two Italian immigrants found guilty of killing two men during a robbery; in spite of flimsy evidence, they were found guilty and executed; demonstrated the nation's mistrust of immigrants	25
6867693684	Kellogg-Briand Treaty	(1928) Treaty that "outlawed" war	26
6867700836	Stock Market Crash	(1929) Unsafe stock market practices created a huge bubble that burst; usually associated with the beginning of the Great Depression	27
6867713520	The Great Depression Begins	(1929) Economic downturn in the U.S.; took place around the time of the stock market crash	28
6867751538	Herbert Hoover	(1929-1933) 31st President of the U.S.; President during the beginning of the Great Depression	29
6867728097	St. Valentine's Day Massacre	(1929) Al Capone's gang members dressed like cops and shot a group from a rival gang	30
6867741788	Adolf Hitler	(1933) Became the Chancellor of Germany	31
6867772030	Franklin Delano Roosevelt	(1932) Won the election of 1932; won four elections to the U.S. Presidency	32
6867746957	The New Deal Begins	(1933) FDR's program to help the nation recover from the Great Depression; "Alphabet Agencies"	33
6868039222	Prohibition Ends	(1933) The 21st Amendment end prohibition in the U.S.	34
6868074564	The Dust Bowl	(1930s) A series of major dust storms that buried houses, destroyed farmland and killed livestock; produced by over farming followed by drought	35
6868091784	Summer Olympics in Berlin	(1936) Nazi Germany hosts the Olympics; Jesse Owens wins four gold medals	36
6868102346	Hindenburg Disaster	(1937) German passenger airship caught fire and was destroyed during its attempt to dock in New Jersey	37
6868117717	Japan Invades China	(1937) The Empire of Japan sends troops into China; the "Rape of Nanking"	38
6868132337	Kristallnacht	(1938) "Night of Broken Glass"; Throughout Germany and Austria, synagogues were ravaged and then burned. Jewish shop windows were broken; Jews were beaten, raped, arrested, and murdered	39
6868159361	German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact	(1939) The non-aggression pact was an agreement between Hitler and Stalin not to attack each other. This allowed for German victories in the west without worries of the east.	40
6868168624	Battle of Britain	(1940) An aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance.	41
6868171961	Dunkirk	(1940) A city in northern France on the North Sea where in World War II (1940) 330,000 Allied troops had to be evacuated from the beaches at Dunkirk in a desperate retreat under enemy fire.	42
6868179782	Atlantic Charter	(1941) Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII and to work for peace after the war	43
6868190294	Lend-Lease Act	(1941) Approved by Congress; the act allowed America to sell, lend or lease arms or other supplies to nations considered "vital to the defense of the United States."	44
6868198769	Pearl Harbor	(1941) December 7, 1941; Base in Hawaii that was bombed by Japan; brought the U.S. into WWII	45
6868210314	Battle of Midway	(1942) World War II battle between the United States and Japan, a turning point in the war in the Pacific	46
6868216695	Manhattan Project Begins	(1942) This was the project that eventually built the first atomic bomb that was set off eventually at Nagasaki and Hiroshima.	47
6868226277	D-Day	(1944) June 6, 1944 - 175,000 Allied troops invade the beaches of Normandy; also called Operation Overload.	48
6868238483	FDR Dies	(1945) U.S. President dies from a stroke	49
6868242319	Harry S. Truman	(1945) Becomes President after FDR dies; makes decision to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki	50
6868254810	V-E Day	(1945) May 8, 1945; victory in Europe Day when the Germans surrendered	51
6868270497	V-J Day	(1945) August 15, 1945; victory over Japan; WWII ends	52
6868280005	Iron Curtain	(1946) Winston Churchill gives his "Iron Curtain" speech; term for the dividing line between Western and Eastern Europe	53
6868298958	Cold War	(1945-1991) Tensions between the U.S. (capitalism) and USSR (communism)	54
6868306436	Marshall Plan	(1947) A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe after WWII	55
6868314659	Jackie Robinson	(1947) The first African American player in the major league of baseball. His actions helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans.	56
6868319501	Berlin Airlift	(1948) Airlift that supplied food and fuel to citizens of West Berlin when the Soviets closed off land access to Berlin	57
6868330665	Mao Zedong	(1949) Wins civil war in China; China becomes communist	58
6868335760	NATO	(1949) North Atlantic Treaty Organization established	59
6868346381	Korean War	(1950-1953) The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea; the USSR and China helped North Korea	60
6868356663	McCarthyism	(1950s) The term associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy who led the search for communists in America through his leadership in the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)	61
6868366980	Polio Vaccine Created	(1952) Jonas Salk develops a vaccine which stops the crippling disease	62
6868377838	The Rosenbergs	(1953) Husband and wife who were accused of spying for the Soviets. The Rosenbergs countered the accusation on the grounds that their Jewish background and leftist beliefs made them easy targets for persecution. In a trial closely followed by the American public, the Rosenbergs were convicted and sentenced to death. They were executed on June 19, 1953.	63
6868390069	Brown v. Board of Education	(1954) The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.	64
6868397277	Montgomery Bus Boycott	(1955) After Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city buses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal.	65
6868404761	Warsaw Pact Signed	(1955) Reaction of the USSR and Soviet Bloc nations to NATO	66
6868415883	Sputnik	(1957) USSR launches the first satellite; the beginning of Space Race	67
6868427839	NASA	(1958) The National Aeronautics and Space Administration founded to help U.S. win the Space Race	68
6868435539	Fidel Castro	(1959) Becomes communist dictator of Cuba; ally of USSR	69
6868444141	Sit In	(1960) Lunch Counter Sit-In at Woolworth's in Greenboro, NC	70
6869064004	First Televised Presidential Debate	(1960) Kennedy and Nixon	71
6869089128	John Fitzgerald Kennedy	(1961-1963) 35th President of the U.S.; the "New Frontier"; Camelot; Peace Corp	72
6869068028	Bay of Pigs Invasion	(1961) the failed attempt of Cuban exiles backed by the U.S. to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro	73
6869080709	Berlin Wall	(1961) A fortified wall surrounding West Berlin, Germany, built in 1961 to prevent East German citizens from traveling to the West. Its demolition in 1989 symbolized the end of the Cold War. This wall was both a deterrent to individuals trying to escape and a symbol of repression to the free world.	74
6869089129	Freedom Riders	(1961) Group of civil rights workers who took bus trips through southern states to protest illegal bus segregation	75
6869118309	Cuban Missile Crisis	(1962) crisis that arose between the United States and the Soviet Union over a Soviet attempt to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba	76
6869126435	James Meredith	(1962) First African-American student admitted to segregated University of Mississippi	77
6869161811	March on Washington	(1963) Held in August to show support for the Civil Rights Bill in Congress. Martin Luther King gave his famous "I have a dream..." speech. 250,000 people attended the rally	78
6869167342	JFK Assassination	(1963) November 22, 1963; Dallas, TX; Lee Harvey Oswald	79
6869186666	Lyndon Johnson	(1963-1969) 36th President of the U.S.; Kennedy's VP; "The Great Society"; "The War on Poverty"; presidency plagued by Vietnam	80
6869181179	Civil Rights Act of 1964	(1964) banned discrimination in public accommodations, prohibited discrimination in any federally assisted program, outlawed discrimination in most employment; enlarged federal powers to protect voting rights and to speed school desegregation; this and the voting rights act helped to give African-Americans equality on paper, and more federally-protected power so that social equality was a more realistic goal	81
6869200902	Gulf of Tonkin Resolution	(1964) Congressional resolution authorizing President Johnson to take military action in Vietnam after American ships were attacked in the Gulf of Tonkin	82
6869249236	Thurgood Marshall	(1967) First African-American Supreme Court Justice	83
6869286889	Tet Offensive	(1968) during Tet, the Vietnamese lunar new year - Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army raiding forces attacked provincial capitals throughout Vietnam, even seizing the U.S. embassy for a time. U.S. opinion began turning against the war.	84
6869260853	My Lai Massacre	(1968) American troops brutally massacred innocent women and children in the village of My Lai, Vietnam; led to more opposition to the war.	85
6869270514	King Assassination	(1968) MLK killed by Earl Ray in Memphis, Tennessee while standing on the balcony of his motel	86
6869277745	Robert Kennedy Assassination	(1968) Palestinian Sirhan Sirhan assassinated him because he was angry at Kennedy's support of Israel	87
6869298167	Democratic National Convention Riots	(1968) In Chicago, where Democratic delegates gathered to nominate Vice-president Hubert Humphrey. The hall was protected with barbed wire and police officers to keep the protesters away.	88
6869347766	Richard Nixon	(1968-1974) 37th President of the U.S.; strong foreign policy (China and USSR); Watergate	89
6869309289	Apollo 11	(1969) Neil Armstrong walks on the moon; July 19, 1969	90
6869360356	Kent State University	(1970) An Ohio university where National Guardsmen opened fire on students protesting the Vietnam War; wounded nine and killed four	91
6869374189	Munich Summer Olympics	(1972) Munich, Germany; Palestinian terrorists kill eleven Israeli athletes	92
6869388489	Watergate	(1972-1974) The events and scandal surrounding a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in 1972 and the subsequent cover-up of White House involvement, leading to the eventual resignation of President Nixon under the threat of impeachment	93
6869403864	Roe v. Wade	(1973) legalized abortion in the U.S.	94
6869411777	U.S. Withdrawal from Vietnam	(1973) U.S. turns the fight over to South Vietnam; "peace with honor"	95
6869424517	Nixon resigns	(1974) August 1974; Watergate scandal; Nixon avoids impeachments and removal from office	96
6869438024	Gerald Ford	(1974-1976) 38th President of the U.S.; pardoned Nixon	97
6869458129	Fall of Saigon	(1975) Marked the end of the Vietnam War in April, 1975 when North Vietnamese invaded South Vietnam, forcing all Americans left to flee in disarray as the capitol was taken	98
6869488919	Apple Computer	(1976) Founded by Steve Jobs	99
6869501678	Jimmy Carter	(1977-1981) 39th President of the U.S.; set the framework for Egypt-Israel treaty, and sought to base foreign policy on human rights.	100
6869468734	Jonestown Massacre	(1978) In November, there was a mass suicide of 913 members, including 276 children, of the Peoples Temple cult led by the Reverend Jim Jones; in Guyana, South America	101
6869498707	Iranian Hostage Crisis	(1979-1981) Iran Takes American Hostages in Tehran; failed U.S. rescue attempt in 1980	102
6869524507	Three-Mile Island	(1979) mechanical failure at a nuclear plant in Pennsylvania that caused radiation to be dispersed across 16 miles.	103
6869550720	Ronald Reagan	(1981-1989) 40th President of the U.S.; his platform encouraged decreasing taxes and government regulation; he called the USSR the "Evil Empire"	104
6869540981	Mount St. Helens	(1980) explosion of volcano in Washington, USA	105
6869578225	Sandra Day O'Connor	(1981) first woman Supreme Court justice; appointed by Reagan	106
6869586378	AIDS identified	(1981) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome	107
6869606946	Vietnam War Memorial	(1982) Opens in Washington, D.C.	108
6869616139	Strategic Defense Initiative	(1983) Dubbed "Star Wars"	109
6869632718	Sally Ride	(1983) First American woman in space	110
6869641463	Rock Hudson dies	(1985) High profile AIDS death	111
6869660017	Glasnost and Perestroika	(1985) Mikhail Gorbachev announces "openness" and "restructuring" in the USSR	112
6869703965	Chernobyl	(1986) The nuclear power plant in the Ukraine that suffered two large explosions which released massive amounts of radioactive materials. It is the worst nuclear accident in history and thousands were and continue to be impacted by the disaster.	113
6869712038	Challenger Explosion	(1986) Space shuttle that exploded right after take off; Christa McAuliffe, teacher	114
6869738375	Iran-Contra Scandal	(1986) A major scandal of Reagan's second term that involved shipping arms to Iran to free hostages and diverting the money from the sale of these weapons to the Contra rebels in Nicaragua.	115
6869749749	Pan Am Flight 103	(1988) In route from London to New York, exploded over Lockerbie, Scotland, killing 189 Americans; later determined to be a terrorist act by Libyans	116
6869767419	Iran Air Flight 655	(1988) U.S. Warships in the Persian Gulf shoot down passenger airliner, killing 290 persons; flight was from Tehran to Dubai; personnel on the U.S. warship spotted the plane on radar and thought is was an attack plane; made ten attempts to make contact with pilot	117
6870045562	George H. W. Bush	(1989-1993) 41st President of the U.S.; "Read my lips, No new taxes"	118
6869822166	Berlin Wall Comes Down	(1989) East Germany was demanding change and wanted to have more political freedom like West Germany. When the government fell, the gates of the Berlin Wall were opened and the country started down the road to reunification with West Germany.	119
6869830295	Exxon Valdez	(1989) Oil tanker that crashed in March 1989, considered largest U. S. oil spill, emptied 35,000 tons of oil into Prince William Sound	120
6869838247	Tienanmen Square Massacre	(1989) A political and social protest by university students in Beijing, China in 1989. The protest called for political and social reforms and resulted in the government using the military to end it, which caused hundreds of deaths, thousands of injured, and many more imprisoned.	121
6869889044	Germany Reunited	(1990) East and West sides of Germany were reunited and the East side was no longer communist marking the end of the Warsaw Pact.	122
6869900753	Lech Walesa	(1990) becomes President in Poland; Co-founded Solidarity, the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983	123
6869912195	Soviet Union Collapse	(1991) Eastern European countries began to throw off Soviet rule; USSR finally collapses	124
6869924392	Operation Desert Storm	(1991) American-led attack on Iraqi forces after Iraq refused to withdraw its troops from Kuwait	125
6869937283	Rodney King Verdict	(1992) White police officers had beaten African-American Rodney King; videotaped; all four officers acquitted; six days of rioting in LA	126
6870055968	Bill Clinton	(1993-2001) 42nd President; advocated economic and healthcare reform; second president to be impeached; Monica Lewinsky	127
6869974911	Branch Davidians	(1993) cult led by David Koresh, besieged by federal agents; cult had illegal firearms; building caught fire and no one survived	128
6869984454	World Trade Center Bombed	(1993) A terrorist attack involving a truck filled with explosives in the garage of one of the towers. This attack was supposed to take down the North building, but failed only demolishing the underneath levels of both buildings.	129
6870039942	Oklahoma City Bombing	(1995) Bombing of Murrah Federal Building. The blast, set off by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, killed 168 people, including 19 children in the building's day-care center.	130
6870001600	O. J. Simpson	(1995) Simpson found not guilty of double murder; verdict controversial	131
6870015332	Ted Kaczynski arrested	(1995) He ran the longest terrorist campaign by an individual in the U.S. from 1978-1995 and was commonly known as the Unabomber (university and airline bomber)	132
6870065723	Clinton Impeached	(1998) Clinton impeached for lying under oath about sexual relations with Monica Lewinsky; Clinton was acquitted in the Senate	133
6870762373	United States Embassy Bombings	(1998) attacks that occurred on August 7, 1998, in which over 200 people were killed in nearly simultaneous truck bomb explosions in two East African cities. The attacks are linked to Osama Bin Laden and his Al-Qaeda organization. The United States responded by launching cruise missile strikes against Al-Qaeda camps in Afghanistan and a suspected chemical plant in the Sudan.	134
6870074665	Columbine Shooting	(1999) A school shooting in Columbine, Colorado where students who had been bullied killed 12 students and 1 teacher	135

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Ap World History Chapter 12 Flashcards

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7307791586	(to) barter	exchange (goods or services) for other goods or services without using money.	0
7307791587	globalization	The processes by which people, institutions, and nations are brought into unified networks of interaction around the globe.	1
7307791588	World Trade Org.	only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations.	2
7307791589	free market economy	An economic system in which the means of production are largely privately owned and there is little or no government control over the markets.	3
7307791590	supply and demand	In economics, the relationship between the amount of a commodity that producers are able and willing to sell(supply) and the quantity that customers can afford and wish to buy (demand).	4
7307791591	trade diasporas	Refers to the network of international traders who relate to one another through bonds of their trade.	5
7307791592	Andes Mountains	The world's longest mountain chain, stretching along the west coast of South America.	6
7307791593	Leif Eriksson	Viking explorer who reached Newfoundland about the year 1000.	7
7307791594	quipu	an ancient Inca device for recording information, consisting of variously colored threads knotted in different ways.	8
7307791595	Yucatán	the Mexican state known for its Gulf of Mexico beaches and Mayan ruins.	9
7307791596	Tenochtitlán	a Mexica city-state on an island in Lake Texcoco in the Valley of Mexico	10
7307791597	Pochteca	professional, long-distance traveling merchants in the Aztec Empire.	11
7307791598	sahel	ecoclimatic and biogeographic zone of transition in Africa between the Sahara to the north and the Sudanian Savanna to the south	12
7307791599	Ghana	a nation on West Africa's Gulf of Guinea known for its diverse wildlife, old forts and secluded beaches.	13
7307791600	Mali	a landlocked country in West Africa.	14
7307791601	Songhay	successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao.	15
7307817541	Mansa Musa	the tenth Mansa or emperor of the wealthy West African Mali Empire.	16
7319411979	Great Zimbabwe	largest and most remarkable of the developing towns during the 11th century.	17
7319412152	swahili	african language	18
7319416014	abbasid caliphate	(750-1258) third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.	19
7319419378	sultanate of delhi	Major Turkic Muslim state established in northern India in 1206	20
7319419379	hajj	pilgrimage to mecca that all muslims are required to make in their lifetime (if able).	21
7319425049	lateen	a triangular sail on a long yard at an angle of 45° to the mast.	22
7319423433	monsoon	blowing from the southwest between May and September and bringing rain , or from the northeast between October and April	23
7319426691	littoral	relating to or situated on the shore of the sea or a lake.	24
7319429896	cairo genizah	Hebrew for a repository of old papers	25
7319432831	sassanian persia	A west Asian empire during the 4th-8th centuries	26
7319432832	teak	tropical hardwood tree species	27
7319434436	borobudor	9th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia	28
7319397107	Axum	modern ethiopia and eritrea	29
7347682476	Angkor Wat	A great Hindu temple built in the twelfth century.	30
7347682477	One Thousand and One Nights	Tales of the seven voyages of Sinbad the sailor. Written during the Abbasid Empire.	31
7347682478	Song Dynasty	Chinese dynasty from 960 to 1279; known for its artistic achievements	32
7347682479	Ming Dynasty	A Chinese dynasty that ruled from 1368 to 1644	33
7347682480	Tang Dynasty	Chinese dynasty from 618 to 907	34
7347682481	Abbasid Empire	Second Islamic Empire. Descendants of Muhammad's family.	35
7347682482	Emperor Yung-lo	Ming emperor from 1402-24.	36
7347682483	Admiral Zheng He	Chinese explorer from 1405-33	37
7347682484	Mongols	Nomadic tribe that invaded China during the 1200s	38
7347682485	Marco Polo	Italian explorer who wrote about his travels to Central Asia and China.	39
7347682486	Kublai Khan	(1215-1294) Grandson of Genghis Khan and founder of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China.	40
7347682487	Diamond Sutra	A Sanskrit tale transmitted along silk routes and translated into Chinese in the fifth century.	41
7347682488	Transhumance	The practice of shifting residence and livestock between mountains and valleys according to the season of the year, or more generally a pattern of seasonal migration.	42
7378122352	Pax Monolica	The Mongolian peace	43
7378122353	Ibn Battuta	Arab traveler who described African societies and cultures in his travel records (1304-c. 1368)	44
7378122354	Yurts	A portable dwelling used by the nomadic peoples of Central Asia.	45
7378122355	The travels	Tales of Marco polo's travels	46
7378122356	Francis wood	Writer of "did Marco Polo go to the China?"	47
7378122357	Did Marco Polo go to the China?	A book written by Francis Wood going against The travels.	48
7378122358	Chinggis Khan/ Temugin	Born in 1162 into one of the more powerful and more militant mongol tribes.	49
7378122359	Karakorum	Capital of Mongol Empire under Chinggis Khan.	50
7378122360	Kamikaze	Divine winds.	51
7378122361	Battle of Ain Jalut	Battle between the sultan in Cairo and mongols near Nazareth. Cairo won. (1260)	52
7378122362	Khanates	Four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan.	53
7378122363	II- Khan Empire	established as a khanate that formed the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empir	54
7378122364	Yuan Dynasty	Dynasty established by the successors of Chinggis in china from 1276-1368	55
7378122365	Chagatai Khante	Mongol and later Turkicized khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan	56

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AP World History (Summer) Partial Flashcards

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7231450293	Periodization (BCE&CE, BC&AD)	BCE: before common era CE: common era BC: before Christ AD: anno domini	0
7231450294	Paleolithic	relating to or denoting the early phase of the Stone Age, lasting about 2.5 million years, when primitive stone implements were used.	1
7231450295	Neolithic	relating to or denoting the later part of the Stone Age, when ground or polished stone weapons and implements prevailed.	2
7231450296	metallurgy	study of metal	3
7231450298	Neolithic Revolution	aka agricultural revolution; the beginning of farming	4
7231450300	irrigation	the method in which water is supplied to plants at regular intervals for agriculture	5
7231450301	Hammurabi's Code	a uniform code of law that deals with every aspect of life; written down in Babylon	6
7231450302	cuneiform	a system of writing used in Sumer	7
7231450304	polytheism	belief in many gods	8
7231450305	semitic	indicates people who speak Hebrew, Arabic, or Aramaic	9
7231450306	city-state	a city and its surrounding land which functions as its own independent country	10
7231450316	pharaoh	Egyptian king who acted as a god	11
7231450318	hieroglyphics	Egyptian system of writing	12
7231450325	Shang dynasty	first to leave written records	13
7231450326	Zhou dynasty	start of Mandate of Heaven and feudalism	14
7231450327	Qin dynasty	used Legalist ideas to subdue the warring state; program of centralization	15
7231450329	mandate of heaven	the right from God to rule	16
7231450335	River Valley Civilizations	Egypt, Mesopotamia, Indus Valley, and China	17

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AP World History Units 1&2 Flashcards

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7391230069	Agrarian	relating to cultivated land or the cultivation of land.	0
7391230070	Arable	(of land) used or suitable for growing crops.	1
7391230071	Aristocracy	the highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles or offices.	2
7391230072	Autonomy	(of a country or region) the right or condition of self-government, especially in a particular sphere.	3
7391230073	Bureaucracy	a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.	4
7391230074	Caste System	The caste system divides Hindus into four main categories - Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and the Shudras.	5
7391230075	Celibacy	the state of abstaining from marriage and sexual relations.	6
7391230076	Circa	(often preceding a date) approximately.	7
7391230077	Citizen	a legally recognized subject or national of a state or commonwealth, either native or naturalized.	8
7391230078	Civil Service	the permanent professional branches of a government's administration, excluding military and judicial branches and elected politicians	9
7391230079	Deity	a god or goddess	10
7391230080	Despot	a ruler or other person who holds absolute power, typically one who exercises it in a cruel or oppressive way.	11
7391230081	Divine	like God or a god.	12
7391230082	Domesticated Plants and Animals	Domestication is the process of adapting wild plants and animals for human use. Domestic species are raised for food, work, clothing, medicine, and many other uses. Domesticated plants and animals must be raised and cared for by humans. Domesticated species are not wild.	13
7391230083	Dynasty	a line of hereditary rulers of a country.	14
7391230084	Elites	a select part of a group that is superior to the rest in terms of ability or qualities.	15
7391230085	Empire	an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress.	16
7391230086	Feudal	according to, resembling, or denoting the system of feudalism.	17
7391230087	Fidelity	faithfulness to a person, cause, or belief, demonstrated by continuing loyalty and support.	18
7391230088	Filial Piety	a virtue of respect for one's parents, elders, and ancestors.	19
7391230089	Forced Labor Systems	as all involuntary work or service exacted under the menace of a penalty.	20
7391230090	Hierarchy	a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.	21
7391230091	Homogeneous	of the same kind; alike.	22
7391230092	Hunting-gathering	a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging	23
7391230093	Ideology	a system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy	24
7391230094	Imperial	relating to an empire	25
7391230095	Indigenous	originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native	26
7391230096	Kinship Groups	a family, clan, or other group based on kinship.	27
7391230097	Maritime	connected with the sea, especially in relation to seafaring commercial or military activity.	28
7391230098	Missionaries	a person sent on a religious mission, especially one sent to promote Christianity in a foreign country.	29
7391230099	Monoasticism	monkhood is a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work	30
7391230100	Monotheism	the doctrine or belief that there is only one God.	31
7391230101	Neolithic	relating to or denoting the later part of the Stone Age, when ground or polished stone weapons and implements prevailed	32
7391230102	Nobility	the quality of being noble in character, mind, birth, or rank	33
7391230103	Nomadic	living the life of a nomad; wandering.	34
7391230104	Pagan	a person holding religious beliefs other than those of the main world religions	35
7391230105	Pastoral	(especially of land or a farm) used for or related to the keeping or grazing of sheep or cattle	36
7391230106	Patriarchy	a system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is traced through the male line.	37
7391230107	Pilgrims	a person who journeys to a sacred place for religious reasons	38
7391230108	Polytheism	the belief in or worship of more than one god	39
7391230109	Reign	hold royal office; rule as king or queen	40
7391230110	Reincarnation	the rebirth of a soul in a new body.	41
7391230111	Sacred Texts	are texts which religious traditions consider to be central to their religious practice or set of beliefs.	42
7391230112	Sedentary	(of a person) tending to spend much time seated; somewhat inactive.	43
7391230113	Social Satisfaction	refers to a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy	44
7391230114	Succession	a number of people or things sharing a specified characteristic and following one after the other	45
7391230115	Theocracy	a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god	46
7391230116	Undermine	erode the base or foundation of (a rock formation)	47
7391230117	Urban	in, relating to, or characteristic of a city or town	48
7391230118	Venerate	regard with great respect; revere	49

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AP WORLD: CHAPTER 5 VOCABULARY Flashcards

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7241874294	Book of Changes	ancient Chinese book about divination, 64 trigrams shown with various interpretations Why does it matter: shows how the Chinese saw things and what they interpreted them as	0
7241874295	Book of Songs	oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry, dating from the 11th to 7th centuries Why does it matter: shows how early people wrote music and what language they used	1
7241874296	Chu	autonomous state in the central Yangzi region of China during Zhou dynasty Why does it matter: shows beginning of Chinese empire	2
7241878030	ideograms	written symbol that represents an idea or object directly rather than a particular word or sound Why does it matter: shows Chinese language differs from others	3
7241878832	mandate of heaven	Chinese belief that the emperors ruled through the mandate, or approval, of heaven contingent on their ability to look after the welfare of the population Why does it matter: shows Chinese belief system and how it was different than everyone else	4
7241879973	oracle bones	Chinese Shang dynasty (1766-1122 BCE) means foretelling the future Why does it matter: shows first events of supernatural and what they believed in	5
7241881040	period of the warring states	last centuries of the Zhou dynasty (403-221 BCE) when was divided the region until the establishment of the Qin dynasty ended the disunity Why does it matter: shows conflicts in China and how that effect ended the dynasty	6
7241882128	pictographs	pictorial symbol for a word or phrase Why does it matter: Chinese language is very different than other languages during that time	7
7241882133	Shang dynasty	ruled in the Yellow River Valley, after the Xia dynasty and before the Zhou dynasty Why does it matter: shows us how dynasties grew and changed over time	8
7241883919	steppe nomads	large grassy area of land with steppe levels Why does it matter: gives us an idea of what the topography was like in the areas the dynasties were	9
7241883920	Tian	Chinese term for heaven Why does it matter: shows language differences between places	10
7241885705	veneration of ancestors	revolves around the ritual celebration of the deified ancestors and deities of people with the same surname organized into shrines Why does it matter: shows us more of the Chinese belief system	11
7241888411	Xia dynasty	early Chinese dynasty (2200-1766 BCE) Why does it matter: helps us understand order of dynasty and how each one is different	12
7241889616	Yangzi river	river in central China Why does it matter: helps us figure out were some of the dynasties could have been located	13
7241892006	Yellow river	second largest river in China,flows for about 3000 miles Why does it matter: could show us where some dynasties were located and creates discussion how important it was to society	14
7241892007	yin	one of the six Shang dynasty (1766-1122) Why does it matter: lets us figure out how each dynasty became more advanced and when each dynasty fell and rose	15
7241894030	Zhou dynasty	Chinese dynasty (1122-256 BCE), that was the foundation of Chinese thought formed during this period, Confucianism, Daoism, Zhou Classics Why does it matter: shows how developed this dynasty was and how powerful it was	16