| CourseNotes

Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

8119443674	carbohydrates	sugars and starches that the body uses for energy	0
8119447722	lipid	fatty acids and glycerol combine to form fats, oils, waxes and stored energy	1
8119452118	protein	a long chain of amino acids that form the structure of your body.	2
8119455665	nucleic acids	building blocks of DNA and RNA	3
8119456822	enzymes	biological catalysts made of proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body	4
8119459459	active site	the shape specific part of an enzyme that interacts with the substrate	5
8119462181	substrate	the molecule the enzyme is acting on.	6
8119463918	pH	a scale from 1 to 14 that measures how acidic or basic a substance is.	7
8119466609	acids	pH from 1 to 6.9	8
8119468519	neutral	pH of 7	9
8119469862	base	pH from 7.1 to 14	10
8119471654	denature	the enzyme shape is changed often due to very high temperatures.	11
8119474294	optimal pH	usually around 7, except in the stomach. Enzyme rate slows when not at ideal pH levels	12
8119481040	simple sugars	building blocks of carbohydrates	13
8119482487	amino acids	building blocks of proteins	14
8119578753	catalyst	a molecule, such as an enzyme, that speeds up chemical reactions	15
8119584696	co-enzyme	a vitamin that completes the shape of an enzyme	16
8119592177	CHO	the elements present in carbs and fats	17
8119594242	C6H12O6	the chemical formula for glucose	18
8119596667	organic molecules	must contain the elements carbon and hydrogen	19
8119604761	CHON	the elements present in proteins	20
8119606848	CHONP	the elements present in nucleic acids	21
8119611739	starch	a polysaccharide made of many glucose molecules	22

Powered by Quizlet.com

Biochemistry Review Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

5105157464	polymer	A large molecule composed of repeating structural units or monomers.	0
5105157465	monomer	A molecule of any compound that can react with other molecules of the same or different compound to form a polymer.	1
5105157466	carbohydrate	"Compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the approximate ratio of C:2H:O (e.g., sugars, starches, and cellulose)"	2
5105157467	protein	Class of nutrients made up of amino acids. They are needed to build and repair body structures, and to regulate processes in the body	3
5105157468	lipid	Organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and store food energy until needed (Fats)	4
5105157469	nucleic acid	A biological macromolecule (DNA or RNA) composed of the elements C, H, N, O, and P that carries genetic information.	5
5105157470	amino acid	Building blocks of protein	6
5105157471	monosaccharide	A simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate	7
5105157472	nucleotide	Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base	8
5105157473	fatty acid	Building Blocks of Lipids	9
5105157474	macromolecule	A very large molecule (as of a protein, nucleic acid, or carbohydrate) built up from smaller chemical structures	10
5105157475	dehydration synthesis	A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.	11
5105157476	hydrolysis	Breaking down complex molecules (polymers) by the chemical addition of water. Used in digestion.	12
5105157477	polysaccharide	a carbohydrate that is composed of many monosaccharide units joined together	13
5105157478	glucose	A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.	14
5105157479	-ose	What is the common ending of the name of most simple sugars?	15
5105157483	Amino group	A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms	16
5105157485	Condensation reaction	A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule, usually water; also called dehydration reaction.	17
5105157488	Triglyceride	Circulate in the blood and are made up of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol.	18
5105157489	Glucose	A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.	19
5105157490	Glycerol	A three-carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are covalently bonded to make fats and oils.	20
5105157492	disaccharide	A molecule composed of two monosaccharides. Common disaccharides include maltose, sucrose, and lactose.	21
5105157493	polysaccharide	A polymer of thousands of simple sugars formed by dehydration synthesis. a carbohydrate that is composed of many monosaccharide units joined together	22
5105157494	monosaccharide	A simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate	23
5105157495	polypeptide	A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.	24
5105157497	denature	A change in the shape of a protein (such as an enzyme) that can be caused by changes in temperature or pH (among other things).	25
5105157498	saturated fatty acid	A fatty acid with a carbon chain full of hydrogen atoms, meaning no carbon-carbon double bonds; usually from animal sources and solid at room temperature.	26
5105157499	unsaturated fatty acid	A fatty acid with a carbon chain that includes one or more carbon-carbon double bonds; usually from plant sources and liquid at room temperature. Monounsaturated fatty acids have one carbon-carbon double bond and polyunsaturated fatty acids have two or more double bonds.	27
5105273715	Cohesion	The force of attraction between molecules of the same substance. Water sticks to water.	28
5105273716	Adhesion	The force of attraction between different substances, such as glass and water.	29
5105275690	Universal Solvent	Water's ability to dissovle more substances than any other liquid.	30
5105275691	Ice is less dense	Ice is less dense than water because the orientation of hydrogen bonds causes molecules to push farther apart, which lowers the density	31
5105278168	High Specific Heat	Water requires a lot of energy to change the temperature one degree celcius. This allows large bodies of water to regulate the temperature near by.	32
5105278169	Evaporative Cooling	Water evaoprates from a liquid to a gas, releasing heat from the surface thus allowing it to cool.	33
5105279622	Ionic Bond	Electrons between two elements are given/taken. (aka stolen)	34
5105279623	Covalent Bond	Electrons between two elements are shared.	35
5105281072	Nonpolar Covalent Bond	Electrons are shared equally, no charge.	36
5105281073	Polar Covalent Bond	Electrons are shared unequally, charge.	37
5105282721	Hydrogen Bond	A weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other.	38
5105283974	Atomic Mass	The number of protons and nuetrons of an element.	39
5105285857	Atomic Number	The number of protons and electrons of an element.	40

Powered by Quizlet.com

Biochemistry Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

5983111387	Lipids	Used to store energy	0
5983111388	Nucleic acids	Store and transmit hereditary or genetic information	1
5983111389	Proteins	Control the rate of reactions and reregulate cell processes	2
5983217331	Carbon hydrate	The bodies main source of energy	3
5983217332	hydrogen	H	4
5983217333	Oxygen	O	5
5983217334	Nitrogen	N	6
5983217335	Carbon	C	7
5983217336	What is the monomer name for a protein	Amino acid	8
5983217337	What is the definition of activation energy	The energy needed to get a reaction started	9
5983217338	True or false an enzyme is a protein	True	10
5983217339	True or false. All enzymes have the same shape as they are substances	False	11
5983217340	True or false all catalysts are enzymes	False	12
5983217341	True or false catalysts lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction	True	13
5983217342	What is the definition of a catalyst	A substance that speeds up the rate of reaction	14
5983217343	What do enzymes change in a chemical reaction	The speed of the reaction	15
5983217344	What element is found in a protein but not in a carbon hydrate or a lipid	Nitrogen	16
5983217345	What is the name of a carbohydrate that is used in the plans and makes up the cell wall	Cellulose	17
5983217346	What are three parts of a nucleotide	Simple sugar a base and a phosphate group	18
5983217347	What is an active site on an enzyme	Sustate bind	19
5983217348	What is the catalyst that lives inside of you	Enzyme	20
5983217349	What is the monomer of a lipid	Fatty acid and glycerol	21
5983217350	How do you know of compounds are organic or inorganic	If they contain the element carbon	22
5983260987	Monomer	Small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers	23
5983267675	Polymer	Large compound formed from combination of many monomers	24
5983290672	Carbon hydrate	A compound made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen Adams a major source of energy for the human body	25
5983290673	Monosaccharide	A single sugar molecules	26
5983290674	Polysaccharide	A large macromolecule formed from monosaccharides	27
5983290675	A lipid	Macromolecule made made me eat from carbon and hydrogen atoms includes fats oils and waxes	28
5983290676	Nucleic acid	Macromolecule containing hydrogen oxygen nitrogen carbon and phosphorus	29
5983321043	Nucleotide	Monomer of nucleic acid made up of a simple carbon sugar a phosphate group and a nitro genius base	30
5983321044	Protein	Macromolecule that contains carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen and needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes	31
5983321045	Amino acid	Compound with an amino group on one end and a carbonoxile group on the other end	32
5983321046	Chemical reaction	Process that changes one set of chemicals goals into another set of chemicals	33
5983321047	Reactant	Element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction	34
5983321048	Products	Element or compound produced by a chemical reaction	35
5983321049	Activation energy	Energy needed to get a reaction started	36
5983321050	Catalyst	Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction	37
5983321051	Enzyme	Protein that acts as a biological catalyst	38
5983321052	Substrate	Reactant of an enzyme catalysts reaction	39

Powered by Quizlet.com

Biochemistry Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

4816121894	Biochemistry	The study of the chemistry of life	0
4816121895	Atom	Simplest particle of matter	1
4816121896	Electrons	Negative charge, move around in electron cloud, form bonds	2
4816121897	Bond	Holds 2 elements together	3
4816121898	Covalent bond	Shares electrons	4
4816121899	Ionic bond	Transfer electrons	5
4816121900	Ion	Atoms with a charge	6
4816121901	Electrolytes	Important ions required by the body	7
4816121902	Important electrolytes	Na+, K+, Cl-, Mg+, Ca2+, Fe2+	8
4816121903	Chemical reaction	Reaction in which bonds are made and broken	9
4816121904	Hydrogen bond	a weak bond in which polar molecules are attracted to and hold together	10
4816121905	Element	Atoms are elements, but the number of protons defines each element (atomic number)	11
4816121906	4 most common elements in the human body	H, O, N, C	12
4816121907	pH	Percent hydrogen ions in a solution	13
4816121908	Solvent	Dissolves substances	14
4816121909	Solute	Substance being dissolved	15
4816121910	0-6.9 on pH scale	Acidic	16
4816121911	7.1-14 on pH scale	Alkaline/basic	17
4816121912	Acids have more	Hydrogen ions	18
4816121913	Bases have more	Hydroxide ions	19
4816121914	Macromolecule	Large molecule	20
4816121915	Polymer	Made up of many units bonded together	21
4816121916	Key macromolecules of the human body	1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids	22
4816121917	Buffer	A weak acid or base that helps maintain homeostasis that combines with a strong acid or base	23

Powered by Quizlet.com

Biochemistry Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

5265181744	Organic	Contains C and H	0
5265184267	Inorganic	Does not contain C and H	1
5265185451	Hydrolysis	add water to break a bond	2
5265186963	Dehydration Synthesis	Remove water to create a bond	3
5265194797	pH	measure of H ions; how acidic?	4
5265201570	Monosaccharide	building block of carbohydrates; simple sugar	5
5265204688	Glucose	C6H12O6; example of a monosaccharide	6
5265206871	OSE	Carb names end in	7
5265209331	Function of Carbohydrates	Energy; cell respiration	8
5265211110	Polysaccharide	Complex sugars; starches; cellulose; glycogen	9
5265216731	Function of Lipids	source of stored energy; insulation; cushioning	10
5265219452	Phospholipid	Lipid in the cell membrane	11
5265270488	>2:1	Ratio of H:O in lipids	12
5265272404	glycerol and fatty acids	building blocks of lipids	13
5265273873	unsaturated fat	fatty acid contains C=C	14
5265470860	Amino Acids	Building block of proteins	15
5265474202	Dipeptide	formed by dehydration synthesis of 2 amino acids	16
5265476634	Peptide bond	bond between carboxyl group and amine group of amino acids	17
5265480767	Function of Protein	Structural, messengers, anitbodies, enzymes	18
5265487030	Polypeptide	repeating of amino acids	19

Powered by Quizlet.com

Biochemistry Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

5524678447	Atom	basic building block of matter	0
5524678448	Ion	an atom with an excess charge; Na+, Cl-	1
5524678449	Isotope	atoms that differ only by the number of neutrons; C13, C14 (radioactive-carbon dating)	2
5524678450	Compound	two or more different kinds of atoms or elements combined; H2O, CO2	3
5524678451	Carbohydrate	organic compound that contains CHO with hydrogen and oxygen in a 2:1 ratio; ring shaped; made of sugars, provides energy	4
5524678452	Monosaccharide	one sugar molecule; ex. glucose	5
5524678453	Disaccharide	two sugar molecules joined together; ex. maltose, lactose	6
5524678454	Amino acid	building blocks of proteins	7
5524678455	Dipeptide	formed by joining two amino acids	8
5524678456	Polypeptide	a chain of multiple amino acids joined together	9
5524678457	Protein	organic compound that contains C,H,O,N; made of amino acids, cell repair and growth	10
5524678458	Covalent bond	chemical bond formed by sharing electrons; ex. H2O, CO2	11
5524678459	Organic	any substance that contains the elements Carbon and Hydrogen together	12
5524678460	Inorganic	any substance that does NOT contain Carbon and Hydrogen together, ex. H2O, CO2	13
5524678461	Acid	a compound that produces excess Hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; pH less than 7	14
5524678462	Base	a compound that produces excess hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; pH greater than 7	15
5524678463	Neutral	a molecule that contains no electrical charge or has equal H+ and OH- ions; pH 7	16
5524678464	pH scale	a unit of measure that determines the acidity of a solution	17
5524678465	Lipid	organic compound that contains C,H,O; made of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol, stores energy, protects organs	18
5524678466	Hydrolysis	breaking down large molecules by adding water	19
5524678467	Dehydration Synthesis	building large molecules by taking out water	20
5524678468	Catalyst	gets a chemical reaction started; ex. fire	21
5524678469	Enzyme	organic catalyst made out of protein; needed for all chemical reactions in an organism	22
5524678470	Product	created as a result of a chemical reaction	23
5524678471	Reactants (Raw Materials)	materials that are needed for or used in a chemical reaction	24
5524678472	Molecule	smallest amount of an element or compound capable of independent motion (ex. H2O, O2, H2)	25
5524678473	Chromatography	a technique used to separate molecules such as plant pigments based on their chemical properties	26
5524678474	Photosynthesis	capturing light energy to make food (glucose) from CO2 and H2O; occurs in chloroplasts	27
5524678475	Cellular respiration	releasing the energy in chemical bonds to generate ATP; occurs in mitochondria	28
5524678476	ATP	source of energy used by all cells	29
5524678477	Glucose	simple sugar used in cellular respiration	30

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Language Semester Vocab Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

3612441798	Myth	a traditional story, usually involving supernatural beings or events, that explains how some of human nature or the natural world came to be	0
3612449645	Creation Myth	a specific kind of myth that typically- • Describes how the universe, the earth, and life began • Explains the workings of the natural world • Supports and validates social customs and values	1
3612451935	Folk Literature	includes folk tales, myths, fables, and legends passed orally from one generation to the next	2
3612453135	Trickster Tale	a type of folk tale that features an animal or human character who typically engages in deceit, violence, and magic	3
3612455605	Archetypal Character	character types that can be found in literary works from different cultures throughout the ages	4
3612458213	Memoir	a form of autobiographical writing that shares personal experiences as well as observations of significant historical events of people	5
3612459494	Historical Narrative	accounts of real-life historical experiences, written by either a person who experienced those events or someone who studied or observed them	6
3612461151	Primary Source	materials by people who were either participants in or observers of the events written about	7
3612463452	Secondary Source	records of events written by people who were not directly involved in the events	8
3612465976	Historical Context	The ideas and details from the author's time that influence their work	9
3612465988	Narrator	the voice that tells the story	10
3612467879	Syntax	word order	11
3612468965	Figurative Language	to create imagery and communicate ideas beyond the literal meaning of words	12
3612470492	Metaphor	a figure of speech that directly compares two unlike things without using like or as	13
3612472128	Extended Metaphor	one that draws the comparison out and compares the two things at length and in many ways	14
3612473867	Personification	a figure of speech in which an object, animal, or idea is given human characteristics	15
3612475553	Hyperbole	a figure of speech in which the truth is exaggerated for emphasis	16
3612478587	Allusions	a reference	17
3612479691	Archaic Language	words that were once in common use but are now considered old-fashioned or out-of-date	18
3612481031	Inverted Syntax	sentence structure in which the expected order of words is reversed	19
3612484034	Emotional Appeals	messages designed to persuade an audience by creating strong feelings	20
3612485354	Tragedy	recounts the downfall of a main character	21
3612486176	Comedy	light and humorous tone, usually ending happily	22
3612487336	Protagonist	the central character of the play	23
3612488948	Antagonist	often opposes the protagonist, giving rise to the central conflict of the play	24
3612496686	Foil	a minor character who provides a striking contrast to another character	25
3612497443	Monologue	a long speech spoken by a single character to an audience or another character	26
3612499226	Soliloquy	a reflective speech in which a character speaks his or her private thoughts aloud, unheard by other characters	27
3612499227	Aside	a short speech or comment that is delivered by a character to the audience but is not heard by other characters who are present	28
3612500392	Drama	literature in play form	29
3612501873	Logical Fallacy	a rhetorical flaw intended to inflame public emotions	30
3612503410	Either/or Fallacy	insists that only two choices exist in a complex situation	31
3612505575	Name-calling	were politicians point the finger of blame, accusing their opponents of moral failings or lack of patriotism	32
3612505576	False Cause	when a politician suggests that an opponent or an opponent's policies are to blame for what's wrong with the country	33
3612507578	Deductive	beginning with a generalization, or premise, and proceeding to examples and supporting facts	34
3612508716	Inductive	beginning with examples or facts and proceeding to a conclusion	35
3612510905	Logical Appeal	rely on reason and facts to support a claim	36
3612512150	Emotional Appeal	present ideas that elicit strong feelings	37
3612513068	Ethical Appeal	use values or moral standards to persuade an audience	38
3612514769	Rhetorical Question	does not require a reply but the answer is obvious	39
3612517909	Antithesis	occurs when contrasting ideas are expressed in a grammatically balanced statement	40
3612518817	Repetition	: the use of the same word or phrase more than once for emphasis	41
3612519922	Parallelism	a form or repetition in which a grammatical pattern is repeated	42
3612521104	Circular Reasoning	supporting a statement by repeating the statements using different words	43
3612524070	Hasty Generalization	a conclusion drawn from too little evidence or from evidence that is biased	44
3612526287	Non Sequitur	a conclusion that does not follow logically from the "proof" offered to support it	45
3612527316	Biblical Allusion	references to events, figures, or phrases from the Bible	46
3612528454	Arguement	expresses an opinion on an issue and supports it with reasons and evidence	47
3612530261	Rhetoric	use of language to persuade	48
3612531819	Appeals to Association	suggest that readers will gain acceptance or prestige by taking the writer's position	49
3612534195	Appeals to Authority	influences readers by citing experts or others who warrant respect	50
3612534974	Diction	a writer's choice or words, diction includes both vocabulary (words) and syntax (arrangement of words)	51
3612539797	Authobiography	the story of person's life, written by that person	52
3612543599	Satire	a literary device in which people, customs, or institutions are ridiculed with the purpose of improving society	53
3612544547	Blank Verse	unrhymed poetry written in iambic pentameter	54
3612546146	Iambic Pentameter	each line has five iambic feet or beats, a pattern consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.	55
3612547357	Enjambment	when one lines ends without a pause and continues into the next line for the actually meaning	56
3612548351	Stanza	a group of lines sometimes characterized by a repeated pattern of rhyme and number or lines	57
3612548988	Rhyme Scheme	the pattern of end rhyme unit in a line of poetry	58
3612551595	Meter	the repetition of a regular rhythmic unit in a line of poetry	59
3612552657	Foot	one stressed syllable indicated by an accent mark and either one or two unstressed syllables	60
3612553524	Lamb	an unstressed syllable is followed by a stressed syllable	61
3612554310	Mood	the feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader	62
3612555623	Paraphrase	restate the ideas in simpler words	63
3612556937	Transcendentalism	an intellectual movement that emphasized the dignity of the individual and advocated a simple, mindful life	64
3612558651	Essay	a work of nonfiction, often loosely structured, expressing the writer's personal views on a single subject	65
3612559675	Anecdote	short accounts of personal incidents	66
3612562810	Author's Perspective	refers to the distinct combination of opinions. Values, and beliefs that influence the way a writer looks at a topic	67
3612563929	Rhetorical Technique	the methods an author employs to influence readers and convey ideas	68
3612564706	Suspense	the combination of excitement and anxiety that readers feel about coming events in a plot	69
3612566862	Symbol	something concrete- a person, a place, an object, or an action- used to stand for an abstract idea or feeling.	70
3612567614	Plot	the structure of the story	71
3612569478	Poetic Structure	the way words are arranged in lines, lines are arranged in stanzas, and units of sound are organized to achieve rhythm and rhyme	72
3612570595	Free Verse	an organic form that lacks regular meter and rhyme	73
3612571861	Cataloging	frequent lists of people, things, and attributes	74
3612573367	Repetition	repeated words or phrases at the beginning of two or more lines	75
3612574131	Parallelism	related ideas phrased in similar ways	76
3612575186	Quatrain	four-line stanzas	77
3612576532	Slant Rhyme	words that do not exactly rhyme	78
3612579308	Internal Conflict	a struggle within a character	79
3612581111	External Conflict	a struggle between a character and an outside force	80
3612582778	Suspense	excitement and tension	81
4094307985	dialect	distinctive forms of language spoken in particular areas or by particular groups of people	82
4094309030	situational irony	a contrast between what is expected and what actually happens	83
4094309031	dramatic irony	when readers know more about a situation or character than the characters do	84
4094309480	verbal irony	a contrast between what is stated and what is meant	85
4094310120	overstatement	an exaggeration for emphasis or for humorous effect	86
4094310859	epigram	short, clever, and sometimes paradoxical statements	87
4094311173	voice	a writer's unique use of language	88
4094311658	understatement	the downplaying of the importance of things/the technique of downplaying the significance of the outlandish, often ironic or humorous effect.	89
4094312383	tall tale	a distinctively American form of storytelling featuring outlandish characters and events, often with a comic effect	90
4094312384	hyperbole	a figure of speech exaggerating or overstating a claim or point	91
4094314185	local color	writing that brings a region alive by portraying its dress, mannerisms, customs, character types, and speech	92
4094314989	regionalism	a literary movement of the 19th century that focused on the speech, habits, history, and beliefs of people in a specific geographical area	93
4094315429	character types	characters with a similar set of traits that their creations continue to show up in literature, in movies, and in television shows today	94
4094316290	naturalism	an offshoot of realism, the 19th century literary movement that examines the effect of natural and social forces on the individual	95
4094316891	imagery	descriptive words that create sensory experiences	96
4094317267	tone	a writer's attitude toward the subject	97
4094317268	mood	the feeling the writer creates for the reader	98
4094318051	first-person narrator	a character in the story	99
4094318897	social context	social condition that inspired or influenced the author	100
4094320158	speaker	the speaker of a poem, like the narrator of a story, is the voice that talks to the reader	101
4094320159	refrain	one or more repeated lines of poetry that function like the chorus of a song	102
4094320724	sonnet	a 14 line lyric poem with specific patterns of rhythm and rhyme	103
4094321476	explicit	directly stated	104
4094322220	implicit	suggested or hinted at	105
4094323572	Narrative poetry	tells a story using elements of plot, character, and setting	106
4094324097	dicition	word choice	107
4094324607	stream of consciousness	a narrative in first-person point of view that presents the jumbled flow of a character's thoughts and sensations	108
4094325380	imagists	influenced by Japanese haiku as well as ancient Greek lyric and French symbolist poetry, wrote according to strict principles	109
4094325381	form	the arrangement of words on the page and to the use of rhyme and meter, but also to the standard conventions of written language	110
4504282236	Universal Theme	a message that can be found throughout literature of all times and places	111
4504284819	multiple narrators	taking the point of view of several characters in a single novel	112

Powered by Quizlet.com

American Pageant Chapter 22 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

7868203875	Oliver O. Howard	Union Civil War general given charge of the Freedmen's Bureau in 1865, with the mission of integrating the freed slaves into Southern society and politics during the second phase of the Reconstruction Era.	0
7868203876	Andrew Johnson	17th President of the United States, A Southerner form Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. He was a very weak president.	1
7868203877	Alexander Stephens	Georgia Congressman who supported the Georgia Platform in 1850 and fought against secession in 1861 but eventually became the Vice President of the Confederate States of America.	2
7868203878	Charles Sumner	A leader of the Radical republicans along with Thaddeus Stevens. He was from Massachusetts and was in the senate. His two main goals were breaking the power of wealthy planters and ensuring that freedmen could vote	3
7868203879	Thaddeus Stevens	Man behind the 14th Amendment, which ends slavery. Stevens and President Johnson were absolutely opposed to each other. Known as a Radical Republican	4
7868203880	William Seward	Secretary of State who was responsible for purchasing Alaskan Territory from Russia. By purchasing Alaska, he expanded the territory of the country at a reasonable price.	5
7868203881	Freedmen's Bureau	Organization run by the army to care for and protect southern Blacks after the Civil War	6
7868203882	"Exodusters"	Name given to the former slaves who migrated from the South to the West following the Civil War.	7
7868203883	Wade-Davis Bill	1864 Proposed far more demanding and stringent terms for reconstruction; required 50% of the voters of a state to take the loyalty oath and permitted only non-confederates to vote for a new state constitution; Lincoln refused to sign the bill, pocket vetoing it after Congress adjourned.	8
7868203884	10 percent plan	A reconstruction plan that decreed that a state could be reintegrated into the union when 10 percent of voters in the presidential election of 1860 had taken an oath of allegiance to the United States and pledged to abide by emancipation. The next step would be erection of a state gov. and then purified regime. (Lincoln)	9
7868203885	Moderate Republicans	group that viewed Reconstruction as a practical matter of restoring states into the Union and keeping the former Confederates out of government	10
7868203886	Radical Republicans	After the Civil War, a group that believed the South should be harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was sometimes too compassionate towards the South.	11
7868203887	Black Codes	Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War	12
7868203889	Civil Rights Act of 1866	Granted citizenship and the same rights enjoyed by white citizens to all male persons in the United States "without distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude."	13
7868203890	Fourteenth Amendment	A constitutional amendment giving full rights of citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States, except for American Indians.; guaranteed "equal protection of the laws" to all Americans; most important amendment after Bill of Rights	14
7868203891	Reconstruction Act	It divided the South into 5 military districts, each commanded by a union general and policed by Union soldiers. It also required that states wishing to be re-admitted into the Union had to ratify the 14th Amendment, and that states' constitutions had to allow former adult male slaves to vote.	15
7868203892	Fifteenth Amendment	The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude; did not prohibit voting restrictions based on education, literacy, or gender.	16
7868203893	Ex parte Milligan	1866 - Supreme Court ruled that military trials of civilians were illegal unless the civil courts are inoperative or the region is under martial law.	17
7868203895	Redeemers	Largely former slave owners who were the bitterest opponents of the Republican program in the South. Staged a major counterrevolution to "redeem" the south by taking back southern state governments. Their foundation rested on the idea of racism and white supremacy. Redeemer governments waged and aggressive assault on African Americans.	18
7868203896	scalawags	A derogatory term for white Southern Republicans who were working with African Americans to govern the South during Reconstruction	19
7868203897	carpetbaggers	A white northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War; especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the disorganized situation in southern states	20
7868203898	Ku Klux Klan	A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights.	21
7868203899	Force Acts	Acts passed to promote African American voting and mainly aimed at limiting the activities of the Ku Klux Klan. Through the acts, actions committed with the intent to influence voters, prevent them from voting, or conspiring to deprive them of civil rights, including life, were made federal offenses. Thus the federal government had the power to prosecute the offenses, including calling federal juries to hear the cases.	22
7868203900	Tenure of Office Act	Forbade president from removing civil officers without senatorial consent - was to prevent Johnson from removing a radical republican from his cabinet; used by Congress to impeach Johnson in 1868.	23
7868203901	"Seward's Folly"	name given to purchase of Alaska from Russia	24
8494991324	black codes	laws passed by southern state legislatures in 1865 to maintain white control of ex-slaves; restricted basic civil liberties of blacks to assemble, travel, serve on juries, own firearms, etc. Deeply angered northern public when they learned of these actions by South AFTER its defeat.	25
8495000300	sharecropping	in order to maintain southern cotton production after end of slavery, white plantation owners promised to pay ex-slaves for their labor by dividing up the profits from the sale of cotton after the harvest; southerners lacked cash for wage-labor as northern reformers wanted; kept black sharecroppers in perpetual debt slavery	26
8495013099	Pacific Railroad Act	when Republicans gained control of Congress after southern secession, they voted to build a transcontinental RR from Chicago to San Francisco. Started in 1863 and finished in 1869.	27

Powered by Quizlet.com

Biochemistry Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

5044174369	monomer	small chemical unit that makes up a polymer	0
5044174370	polymer	molecules composed of many monomers; makes up biomolecules	1
5044174371	carbohydrate	compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body	2
5044174372	monosaccharide	simple sugar molecule	3
5044174373	lipid	biomolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes	4
5044174374	nucleic acid	biomolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus	5
5044174375	nucleotide	subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of a 5carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base	6
5044174376	protein	biomolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair	7
5044174377	amino acid	compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end	8

Class Notes

Social Science

Math

Science

Fine Arts

Test Prep

Textbook Notes

Members Only

Forum

Blogs

Textbook Request

Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

Biochemistry Review Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

AP Language Semester Vocab Flashcards

American Pageant Chapter 22 Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

Pages

Need Help?

Need Notes?

About Course-Notes.Org

You are here

Pages

Need Help?

Need Notes?

About Course-Notes.Org