| 3823670383 | What is the most common intracellular buffer? | Protein | | 0 |
| 3823670384 | What is the most common extracellular buffer? | Bicarbonate | | 1 |
| 3823670385 | What is a Zwitterion? | A molecule with one negative and one positive end | | 2 |
| 3823670386 | What is the Isoelectric Point? | The pH at which there is no net charge | | 3 |
| 3823670387 | What is the rate limiting enzyme in Glycolysis? | PFK-1 |  | 4 |
| 3823670388 | What is the rate limiting enzyme in Gluconeogenesis? | Pyruvate carboxylase |  | 5 |
| 3823670389 | What is the rate limiting enzyme in the HMP shunt? | G-6PD |  | 6 |
| 3823670390 | What is the rate limiting enzyme in Glycogenesis? | Glycogen synthase |  | 7 |
| 3823670391 | What is the rate limiting enzyme in Glycogenolysis? | Glycogen phosphorylase |  | 8 |
| 3823670392 | What is the rate limiting enzyme in FA synthesis? | AcCoA carboxylase |  | 9 |
| 3823670393 | What is the rate limiting enzyme in β oxidation? | CAT-1 | | 10 |
| 3823670394 | What is the rate limiting enzyme in Cholesterol synthesis? | HMG CoA reductase | | 11 |
| 3823670395 | What is the rate limiting enzyme in Ketogenosis? | HMG CoA S'nd1ase |  | 12 |
| 3823670396 | What is the rate limiting enzyme in Purine synthesis? | PRPP synd1ase | | 13 |
| 3823670397 | What is the rate limiting enzyme in Pyrimidine synthesis? | Asp transcarbamoylase |  | 14 |
| 3823670398 | What is the rate limiting enzyme in TCA cycle | Isocitrate dehydrogenase? |  | 15 |
| 3823670399 | What is the rate limiting enzyme in Urea cycle? | CPS-I |  | 16 |
| 3823670400 | What is the rate limiting enzyme in Heme synthesis? | delta-ALA synthase |  | 17 |
| 3823670401 | What are the catabolic pathways that create energy? | ''ABC" AcetylCoA production β-oxidation Citric acid cycle | | 18 |
| 3823670402 | What are the anabolic pathways that store energy? MUST EDIT | "EFGH" ER fatty acid synthesis Glycolysis HMP shunt | | 19 |
| 3823670403 | What are the anabolic + catabolic pathways? | "HUG" Heme synthesis Urea cycle Gluconeogenesis | | 20 |
| 3823670404 | What does an Isomerase do? | Creates an isomer | | 21 |
| 3823670405 | What does an Epimerase do? | Creates an epimer, which differs around 1 chiral carbon | | 22 |
| 3823670406 | What does a Mutase do? | Moves sidechain from one carbon to another (intrachain) | | 23 |
| 3823670407 | What does a Transferase do? | Moves sidechain from one substrate to another (interchain) | | 24 |
| 3823670408 | What does a Kinase do? | Phosphorylates using ATP | | 25 |
| 3823670409 | What does a Phosphorylase do? | Phosphorylates using Pi | | 26 |
| 3823670410 | What does a Carboxylase do? | Forms C-C bonds (w/ ATP and biotin) | | 27 |
| 3823670411 | What does a Synthase do? | Consumes 2 substrates | | 28 |
| 3823670412 | What does a Synthetase do? | Consumes 2 substrates, uses ATP | | 29 |
| 3823670413 | What does a Phosphatase do? | Breaks phosphate bond | | 30 |
| 3823670414 | What does a Hydrolase do? | Breaks a bond with water | | 31 |
| 3823670415 | What does a Lyase do? | Cuts C-C bonds w/ ATP | | 32 |
| 3823670416 | What does a Dehydrogenase do? | Removes H with a cofactor | | 33 |
| 3823670417 | What does a Thio do? | Breaks S bonds | | 34 |
| 3823670418 | What is Diffusion? | From high to low concentration | | 35 |
| 3823670419 | What is Active Transport? | Goes against concentration gradient | | 36 |
| 3823670420 | What is Zero-order kinetics? | Metabolism independent of concentration | | 37 |
| 3823670421 | What is 1st-order kinetics? | Constant drug percentage metabolism over time, depends on drug concentration | | 38 |
| 3823670422 | What is Efficacy? | Max effect regardless of dose (lower w/ non-competitive antagonist) | | 39 |
| 3823670423 | What effects Efficacy? | Vmax | | 40 |
| 3823670424 | What is Potency? | amount of drug needed to produce effect (lower w/ comp antagonist) | | 41 |
| 3823670425 | What affects Potency? | Km | | 42 |
| 3823670426 | What is Kd? | Concentration of drug that binds 50% of receptors | | 43 |
| 3823670427 | What is EC5o? | Concentration of drug that produces 50% of maximal response | | 44 |
| 3823670428 | What is Competitive Inhibition? | Fights for active site, no change in Vmax, potency decreases | | 45 |
| 3823670429 | What is Non-competitive Inhibition? | Binds a regulatory site, no change in Km, efficacy decreases, decreased Vmax | | 46 |
| 3823670430 | What is an Endothermic Reaction | consumes heat | | 47 |
| 3823670431 | What is an Exothermic Reaction | Gives off heat | | 48 |
| 3823670432 | What is the Peak level | 4 hrs after dose (too high=> decrease dose) | | 49 |
| 3823670433 | What is the Trough level | 2 hrs before next dose (too high => give less often) | | 50 |
| 3823670434 | What is t1/2 | Half-life, the time it takes for the body to use half of the drug ingested | | 51 |
| 3823670435 | What is von Gierke | G-6Pase deficiency= > hypoglycemia, hepatosplenomegaly | | 52 |
| 3823670436 | What is Pompe's | Cardiac alpha-1,4-glucosidase deficiency = > DIE early | | 53 |
| 3823670437 | What is Cori's | DEbranching enzyme deficiency = > short branches of glycogen | | 54 |
| 3823670438 | What is Anderson's | Branching enzyme deficiency = > long chains of glycogen | | 55 |
| 3823670439 | What is McArdle's | Muscle phosphorylase deficiency = > muscle cramps w/ exercise | | 56 |
| 3823670440 | What is Essential Fructosuria | Fructokinase deficiency => excrete fructose (still have hexokinase) | | 57 |
| 3823670441 | What is Fructosemia | "Fructose intolerance" (Aldolase B deficiency ) →liver damage | | 58 |
| 3823670442 | What does a Galactokinase deficiency cause | Cataracts | | 59 |
| 3823670443 | What does Galactosemia cause | Cataracts, mental retarda tion, liver damage | | 60 |
| 3823670444 | What does the Citrate shuttle do | FA transport out of the mitochondria | | 61 |
| 3823670445 | What does the Carnitine shuttle do | FA transport into the mitochondria | | 62 |
| 3823670446 | What lysosomal diseases have a cherry-red macula | Tay-Sachs, Niemann- Pick | | 63 |
| 3823670447 | What lysosomal diseases have a Gargoyle face | Gaucher's, Hurler's | | 64 |
| 3823670448 | What is Tay-Sachs | Hexosaminidase A deficiency=> blindness, incoordination, dementia | | 65 |
| 3823670449 | What is Sandhoff's | Hexosaminidase A/B deficiency | | 66 |
| 3823670450 | What is Gaucher's | Glucocerebrosidase d eficiency => wrinkled tissue MP, bone pain | | 67 |
| 3823670451 | What is Niemann-Pick | Sphingomyelinase deficiency => zebra bodies | | 68 |
| 3823670452 | What is Fabry's | alpha-galactosidase deficiency=> corneal clouding, attacks baby's kidneys , X-linked | | 69 |
| 3823670453 | What is Krabbe's | beta-galactosidase deficiency=> globoid bodies | | 70 |
| 3823670454 | What is Metachromatic Leukodystrophy | Arylsulfatase deficiency => childhood MS | | 71 |
| 3823670455 | What is Hunter's | Iduronidase deficiency, milder form | | 72 |
| 3823670456 | What is Hurler's | Iduronidase deficiency, worse form | | 73 |
| 3823670457 | What is Lesch-Nyhan | (HGPRT deficiency) =>gout, neuropathy, self-mutilation | | 74 |
| 3823670458 | What do white diaper crystals suggest | Excess orotic acid (pyrimidine synthesis pathway) | | 75 |
| 3823670459 | What does biotin donate methyl groups for | Carboxylation | | 76 |
| 3823670460 | What does THF donate methyl groups for | Nucleotides | | 77 |
| 3823670461 | What does SAM donate methyl groups for | All other reactions | | 78 |
| 3823670462 | What is the difference b/w Heterochromatin and Euchromatin | Heterochromatin = tightly coiled (30nm fibers) Euchromatin = loose ( 10nm fibers ) | | 79 |
| 3823670463 | What are the Purines | A,G | | 80 |
| 3823670464 | What are the Pyrimidines | C,U,T | | 81 |
| 3823670465 | What is a silent mutation | Changes leave the same amino acid | | 82 |
| 3823670466 | What is a point mutation | Changes 1 base | | 83 |
| 3823670467 | What is a transition | Changes 1 purine to another purine | | 84 |
| 3823670468 | What is a transversion | Changes 1 purine to a pyrimidine | | 85 |
| 3823670469 | What is a frameshift mutation | Insert or delete 1 -2 bases | | 86 |
| 3823670470 | What is a missense mutation | Mistaken amino acid substitution | | 87 |
| 3823670471 | What is a nonsense mutation | Early stop codon | | 88 |
| 3823670472 | What does a Southern blot detect | DNA "SNOW DROP" | | 89 |
| 3823670473 | What does a Northern blot detect | RNA "SNOW DROP" | | 90 |
| 3823670474 | What does a Western blot detect | Protein "SNOW DROP" | | 91 |
| 3823670475 | What are the essential amino acids | "I saw he phoned at 3:09, and met licentious argentines - Lucy, Tracy and Val"
Ile
His
Phe
Thr
Met
Lys
Arg
Leu
Trp
Val | | 92 |
| 3823670476 | What are the essential fatty acids | Linolenic, Linoleic | | 93 |
| 3823670477 | What are the acidic amino acids | Asp, Glu | | 94 |
| 3823670478 | What are the basic amino acids | Lys, Arg | | 95 |
| 3823670479 | What are the sulfur-containing amino acids | Cys, Met | | 96 |
| 3823670480 | What are the 0-bond amino acids | Ser, Thr, Tyr | | 97 |
| 3823670481 | What are the N-bond amino acids | Asp, Gln - Acidic | | 98 |
| 3823670482 | What ate the branched amino acids | Leu, Ile, Val "I saw Lucy and Val" | | 99 |
| 3823670483 | What are the aromatic amino acids | Phe, Tyr, Trp | | 100 |
| 3823670484 | What is the smallest amino acid | Gly | | 101 |
| 3823670485 | What are the ketogenic amino acids | Lys, Leu | | 102 |
| 3823670486 | What are the glucogenic + ketogenic amino acids | PITT
Phe, Iso, Thr, Trp | | 103 |
| 3823670487 | What are the glucogenic amino acids | All the rest | | 104 |
| 3823670488 | What amino acids does Trypsin cut | Lys, Arg - basic | | 105 |
| 3823670489 | What amino acids does beta-ME cut | Cys, Met | | 106 |
| 3823670490 | What amino acids does Acid Hydrolysis denature | Asp, Gln | | 107 |
| 3823670491 | What·amino acids does Chymotrypsin cut | Phe, Tyr, Trp - aromatic | | 108 |
| 3823670492 | What amino acid turns yellow on Nurhydrin reaction | Pro | | 109 |
| 3823670493 | What does Carboxyptidase cut | Left of any amino acid on th e carboxyl- terminal | | 110 |
| 3823670494 | What does Aminopeptidase cut | Right t of N terminus | | 111 |
| 3823670495 | What does CNBr cut | Right o f Met | | 112 |
| 3823670496 | What does Mercaptoethanol cut | Right of Cys, Met - sulfur | | 113 |
| 3823670497 | What does Elastase cut | Right of Gly, Ala, Ser | | 114 |
| 3823670498 | What does Trypsin cut | Arg, Lys - basic | | 115 |
| 3823670499 | What does Chymotrypsin cut | Phe, Tyr , Trp - aromatic | | 116 |
| 3823670500 | What does alpha1-AT do | Inhibits trypsin from getting loose | | 117 |
| 3823670501 | What is PKU | No Phe --> Tyr (via Phe Hydroxylase) : Nutrasweet sensitivity, mental retardation , pale, blond hair, blue eyes, musty odor | | 118 |
| 3823670502 | What is Albinism | No Tyr--> Melanin (via Tyrosinase) | | 119 |
| 3823670503 | What is Maple Syrup Urine disease | Defective metabolism of branced aa (Leu, Iso, Val)=> aa leak out | | 120 |
| 3823670504 | What is Homocystinuria | No Homocystine --> Cys : "COLA" stones Cystine, Ornithine, Lysine, Arginine | | 121 |
| 3823670505 | What is Pellagra | Niacin deficiency: • Dermatitis, Diarrhea , Dementia , Death | | 122 |
| 3823670506 | What is Hartnup's | No Tr p => Niacin + Serotonin
• Presents like Pellagra
• Can mimic corn-rich diet | | 123 |
| 3823670507 | What causes anterior leg bowing | Neonatal syphilis | | 124 |
| 3823670508 | What causes lateral leg bowing | Rickets | | 125 |
| 3823670509 | What are the names of the B vitamins | "The Rich Never Lie about Panning Pyrite Filled Creeks"
Vit B1 = Thiamine
Vit B2 = Riboflavin
Vit B3 = Niacin
Vit B4, = Lipoic acid
Vit B5 = Pantothenic acid
Vit B6 = Pyridoxine
Vit B9 = Folate
Vit B12 = Cobalamin | | 126 |
| 3823670510 | What does VitA do | Night vision , CSF production , PTH | | 127 |
| 3823670511 | Wha t does Vit B 1 do | Dehydrogenases, transketolasc (PPP) cofactors | | 128 |
| 3823670512 | What does Vit B 2 do | FAD cofactor | | 129 |
| 3823670513 | What does Vit B3 do | NAD cofactor | | 130 |
| 3823670514 | What does Vit B 4 do | Glycolysis, no known diseases | | 131 |
| 3823670515 | What does Vit B 5 do | Part of AcetylCoA, no known diseases | | 132 |
| 3823670516 | What does Vit B 6 do | Transaminase cofactor, myelin integrity | | 133 |
| 3823670517 | What does Vit B 9 do | Nuclear division | | 134 |
| 3823670518 | What does Vit B 12 do | Cofactor for HMT MMM | | 135 |
| 3823670519 | What does Vit C do | Collagen synthesis | | 136 |
| 3823670520 | What does Vit D do | Mineralization of bones, teeth | | 137 |
| 3823670521 | What does Vit K do | Clotting | | 138 |
| 3823670522 | What does Biotin do | Carboxylation | | 139 |
| 3823670523 | What does Ca2+ do | Neuronal function, atrial depobrization, skeletal muscle depolarization | | 140 |
| 3823670524 | What does Cu2+ do | Collagen synthesis | | 141 |
| 3823670525 | What does Fe2+ do | Hb function, electron transport | | 142 |
| 3823670526 | What is Bronze pigmentation | Fe deposit in skin | | 143 |
| 3823670527 | What is Bronze cirrhosis | Fe deposit in liver | | 144 |
| 3823670528 | What is Bronze diabetes | Fe deposit in pancreas | | 145 |
| 3823670529 | What is Hemosiderosis | Fe overload in bone marrow | | 146 |
| 3823670530 | What is Hemochromatosis | Fe deposit in organs | | 147 |
| 3823670531 | What does Mg2+ do | PTH and kinase cofactor | | 148 |
| 3823670532 | What does Zn2+ do | Taste buds, hair, sperm function | | 149 |
| 3823670533 | What does Cr do (chromium) | Insulin function | | 150 |
| 3823670534 | What does Mo do (molybdenum) | Purine breakdown (xanthine oxidase) | | 151 |
| 3823670535 | What does Mn do (manganese) | Glycolysis | | 152 |
| 3823670536 | What does Se do (selenium) | Heart function :::::> dilated cardiomyopathy | | 153 |
| 3823670537 | What does Sn do (tin) | Hair | | 154 |
| 3823670538 | What is Kwashiorkor | Malabsorption, big belly (ascites), protein deficiency | | 155 |
| 3823670539 | What is Marasmus | Starvation, skinny, calorie deficiency | | 156 |
| 3823670540 | Where does the Pre label send stuff to | ER | | 157 |
| 3823670541 | Where does the Pro label send stuff to | Golgi | | 158 |
| 3823670542 | Where does the Mannose-6-P send stuff to | Lysosome | | 159 |
| 3823670543 | Where does the N-terminal sequence send stuff to | Mitochondria | | 160 |
| 3823670544 | What are the 4 types of collagen | "SCAB"
Type 1: Skin, bone
Type II: Connective tissue, aqueous humor
Type III: Arteries
Type IV: Basement membrane | | 161 |
| 3823670545 | How does Scleroderma present | Tight skin | | 162 |
| 3823670546 | How does Ehlers Danlos present | Hyperstretchable skin | | 163 |
| 3823670547 | How does Marfan's present | Hyperextensible joints, arachnodactyly, wing span longer than height, Aortic root dilatation, aortic aneurysm, mitral valve prolapse, Dislocated lens from bottom of eye -> look up | | 164 |
| 3823670548 | How does Homocystinuria present | Dislocated lens from top -> look down | | 165 |
| 3823670549 | How does Kinky hair disease present | Hair looks like copper wire (Cu deficiency) | | 166 |
| 3823670550 | How does Scurvy present | Bleeding gums, bleeding hair follicles | | 167 |
| 3823670551 | How does Takayasu arteritis present | Asian female with very weak pulse | | 168 |
| 3823670552 | How does Osteogenesis lmperfecta present | Shattered bones, blue sclera | | 169 |
