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Biochemistry Flashcards

Sapling BIology Ch 2 - Chemistry of Life

5037663282	organic compound	Compounds that contain carbon (except: CO & CO2)	0
5037663284	polar molecule	Molecule in which opposite ends have opposite electric charges	1
5037663285	hydrogen bond	Bond created by the weak attraction of a slightly positive hydrogen atom to a slightly negative portion of another molecule	2
5037663289	polymer	A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds	3
5037663290	monomer	A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers	4
5037663291	carbohydrates	Composed of CHO in 1:2:1 ratio. Main source of energy in your diet	5
5037663292	monosaccharide	A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.	6
5037663293	disaccharide	A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.	7
5037663294	polysaccharide	Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides	8
5037663295	disaccharide example	sucrose	9
5037663296	monosaccaride example	glucose	10
5037663297	polysaccharide examples	starch, glycogen, cellulose	11
5037663298	protein	Amino acids joined by peptide bonds which make up structures and carry out functions of an organism. CHONS	12
5037663299	amino acid	Building blocks (monomers) of protein	13
5037663301	polypeptide	A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.	14
5037663302	primary structure of protein	The sequence of amino acids bonded with peptide bonds	15
5037663303	secondary stucture of protein	results from hydrogen bonds developing between atoms at different parts of the chain causing helix or pleated sheet	16
5037663304	tertiary structure of protein	How the chain folds into three dimensions - due to interactions between the R groups of distant amino acids	17
5037663305	quarternary structure of protein	overall protein structure that combines 2 or more polypeptides	18
5037663306	nucleic acids	C, H, O, N, P - contain genetic information	19
5037663307	nucleotide	A monomer of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.	20
5037663308	nucleic acid polymers	DNA & RNA	21
5037663309	Lipid	Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of CHO	22
5037663310	triglyceride	A molecule made up of three fatty acids covalently bonded to glycerol; Does energy storage, thermal insulation, binds and cushions organs, fills space	23
5037663311	phospholipid	A lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes	24
5037663312	fatty acid chain	part of a triglyceride aka neutral fat	25
5037663313	glycerol	A three-carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are covalently bonded to make fats and oils.	26
5037663319	dehydration synthesis	A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.	27
5037663320	hydrolysis	Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water	28
5037663322	enzyme	A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing (a biological catalyst)	29
5037663324	substrate	A substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction.	30
5037663325	active site	The site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate	31

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Biochemistry Flashcards

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4664472274	chemistry	study of matter and its changes	0
4664472826	biology	study of life	1
4664473152	atoms	smallest units of matter that can't be broken down chemically	2
4664474290	element	when a substance is made of only 1 type of atom	3
4664475231	neutron	neutrally charged particle	4
4664475902	proton	positively charged particle	5
4664476407	electron	negatively charged particle	6
4664477383	covalent bond	attraction between atoms due to sharing of electrons	7
4664477980	molecule	combining atoms through covalent bonds	8
4664478740	ion	created when atoms lose or gain electrons	9
4664483137	chemical reaction	new substances being formed, bonds are broken and or formed	10
4664484067	reactant	substance that undergoes change in chemical reaction	11
4664485796	product	substance formed as a result of chemical reaction	12
4664486898	monomer	small molecule that is a subunit	13
4664487376	polymer	molecule with many monomers bonded together	14
5012424224	protein	Biomolecule consisting of long chains of amino acids bonded by peptide bonds	15
5012441085	lipid	Biomolecule consisting of ester bonds between fatty acids and glycerol molecule	16
5012449966	carbohydrate	Biomolecule consisting of monosaccarides bonded with glycosidic bonds	17
5012499153	nucleic acids	Biomolecule consisting of nucleotides bonded together with phosphodiester bonds.	18
5012507930	hydrolysis	Chemical breakdown of molecule with water	19
5012515488	dehydration Synthesis	Building a molecule by removing water	20
5012619548	macromolecule	Large molecules that perform functions in the body	21
5012645988	protease	Enzyme that breaks down proteins	22
5012984281	lipase	Enzyme that breaks down lipids	23
5012988443	amylase	Enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates	24
5012992673	nuclease	Enzyme that breaks down nucleic acids	25
5013016293	enzyme	A protein that speeds up a chemical reaction	26

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Top 200 (generic-class) Flashcards

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8285013994	Levothyroxine	Thyroid Hormone	0
8285013995	Lisinopril	AHT - ACE inhibitor (antihypertensive)	1
8285013996	Hydrocodone w/ Acetaminophen	Opioid Analgesic	2
8285013997	Omeprazole	Gastric antisecretory PPI (proton pump inhibitor)	3
8285013998	Gabapentin	Anticonvulsant Antineuralgic	4
8285013999	Albuterol	Antiasthmatic - Short acting beta agonist (SABA)	5
8285014000	Metformin	antidiabetic	6
8285014001	Amiodipine	AHT - Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blocker	7
8285014002	Simvastatin	Antihyperlipidemic HMG CoA Reductase inhibitor	8
8285014003	Atorvastatin	Antihyperlipidemic HMG CoA Reductase inhibitor	9
8285014004	Furosemide	Loop Diuretic	10
8285014005	Alprazolam	Antianxiety agent - Benzo	11
8285014006	Hydrochlorothiazide	Thiazide Diuretic	12
8285014007	Potassium Chloride	Electrolyte - Clotting Factor - AHT	13
8285014008	Citalopram	Antidepressant SSRI	14
8285014009	Metoprolol Tartrate	AHT - Beta Blocker	15
8285014010	Metoprolol Succinate	AHT - Beta Blocker	16
8285014011	Losartan	AHT - ARB Angiotensin II receptor blocker	17
8285014012	Fluticasone Propionate	Antiallergy agent - Cortiosteriod	18
8285014013	Azithromycin	Antibiotic - Macrolide	19
8285014014	Tramadol	Analgesic	20
8285014015	Sertraline	Antidepressant - SSRI	21
8285014016	Amoxicillin	Antibiotic - Penicillin	22
8285014017	Prednisone	Anti-inflammatory - Corticosteriod	23
8285014018	Montelukast sodium	Antiasthmatic - Leukotriene Receptor antagonist	24
8285014019	Pantopraozle	Gastric antisecretory PPI (proton pump inhibitor)	25
8285014020	Meloxicam	NSAID (non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drug)	26
8285014021	Clopidogrel	Hematological Agent - antiplatlet - blood thinner	27
8285014022	Zolpidem	Sedative/Hypnotic	28
8285014023	Trazodone	Antidepressant - Serotonin reuptake inhibitor/agonist	29
8285014024	Pravastatin	Antihyperlipidemic HMG CoA Reductase inhibitor	30
8285014025	Carvedilol	AHT - Beta Blocker	31
8285014026	Warfarin	Anticoagulent - Vitamin K antagonist	32
8285014027	Clonazepam	Antianxiety agent - Benzo	33
8285014028	Cyclobenzaprine	Skeletal Muscle relaxant	34
8285014029	Atenolol	AHT - Beta Blocker	35
8285014030	Oxycodone w/ Acetaminophen	Opioid Analgesic	36
8285014031	Lisinopril w/ hydrochlorothiazide	AHT - ACE inhibitor w/ thiazide diuretic	37
8285014032	Lorazepam	Antianxiety agent - Benzo	38
8285014033	Duloxetine	Antidepressant - SNRI (Serotonin/norepinephrine RI)	39
8285014034	Fluoxetine	Antidepressant - SSRI	40
8285014035	Tamsulosin	Prostate anti-inflammatory (Alpha1 blocker)	41
8285014036	Ibuprofen	NSAID (non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drug)	42
8285014037	Oxycodone	Opioid Analgesic	43
8285014038	Veniafaxine	Antidepressant - SNRI (Serotonin/norepinephrine RI)	44
8285014039	Amitriptyline	Antidepressant - Tricyclic	45
8285014040	Amphetamine, dextroamphetamine salts	Stimulant CNS	46
8285014041	Escitalopram	Antidepressant - SSRI	47
8285014042	Ranitidine	Gastric antisecretory - H2 antagonist	48
8285014043	Bupropion	Antidepressant - dopamine/norepinephrine RI	49
8285014044	Allopurinol	Gout agent - Xanthine Oxidase inhibitor	50
8285014045	Sulfamethoxazole w/ trimethoprim	Antibiotic - Sulfonamide	51
8285014046	Methylphenidate	Stimulant CNS	52
8285014047	Glipizide	Antidiabetic - Sulfonylurea	53
8285014048	Insluin Glargine	Antidiabetic - Long acting insluin	54
8285014049	Amoxicillin w/ clavulanate	Antibiotic - Penicillin	55
8285014050	Rosuvastatin	Antihyperlipidemic HMG CoA Reductase inhibitor	56
8285014051	Cephalexin	Antibiotic - Cephalosporin	57
8285014052	Diltiazem	AHT - Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blocker	58
8285014053	Ondansetron	Antiemetic - antinausea	59
8285014054	Ciprofloxacin	Antibiotic - Fluroquinolone	60
8285014055	Paroxetine	Antidepressant - SSRI	61
8285014056	Spironolactone	Diuretic - Potassium sparing	62
8285014057	Clonidine	AHT - Alpha2 agonist	63
8285014058	Losartan w/ Hydrochlorothiazide	AHT - ARB Angiotensin II receptor blocker w/ HCTZ diuretic	64
8285014059	Esomeprazole	Gastric antisecretory PPI (proton pump inhibitor)	65
8285014060	Quetiapine	Antipsychotic - Atypical	66
8285014061	Diclofenac Sodium	NSAID (non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drug)	67
8285014062	Fluticasone Propionate w/ salmeterol	Antiasthmatic - Corticosteriod w/ Long acting beta2 agonist	68
8285014063	Morphine Sulfate	Opioid Analgesic	69
8285014064	Naproxen	NSAID (non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drug)	70
8285014065	Fluconazole	Antifungal	71
8285014066	Topiramate	Anticonvulsant	72
8285014067	Propranolol	AHT - Beta Blocker	73
8285014068	Buprenorphine w/ Naloxone	Opioid Dependance Agent (partial opioid agonist)	74
8285014069	Tizanidine	Skeletal Muscle relaxant	75
8285014070	Budesonide w/ Formoterol	Antiasthmatic - Corticosteriod w/ Long acting beta2 agonist	76
8285014071	Diazepam	Antianxiety agent - Benzo	77
8285014072	Risperidone	Antipsychotic - Atypical	78
8285014073	Lamotrigine	Anticonvulsant	79
8285014074	Levofloxacin	Antibiotic - Fluroquinolone	80
8285014075	Isosorbide mononitrate	Antianginal - Nitrate	81
8285014076	Fenofibrate	Antihyperlipidemic Fibric acid derivative	82
8285014077	Buspirone	Antianxiety agent	83
8285014078	Donepezil	Alzheimer's Dementia agent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor	84
8285014079	Fentanyl	Opioid Analgesic	85
8285014080	Divalproex	Anticonvulsant	86
8285014081	Ipratropium bromide w/ albuterol	Antiasthmatic - Anticholinergic w/ beta2 agonist	87
8285014082	Promethazine	Antiemetic - antinausea	88
8285014083	oxybutynin	Urinary Bladder modifier - antispasmotic/anticholingeric	89
8285014084	Estradiol	Estrogen - hormone	90
8285014085	Polyethylene Glycol	Laxative - Osmotic	91
8285014086	Tiotropium	Antiasthmatic - anticholinergic	92
8285014087	Triamcionlone acteonide	Anti-inflammatory - Corticosteriod	93
8285014088	Glimepiride	Antidiabetic - Sulfonylurea	94
8285014089	Digoxin	Antiarrhythmic - cardiac glycoside	95
8285014090	Ropinirole	Antiparkinson agent - dopamine agonist	96
8285014091	Lovastatin	Antihyperlipidemic HMG CoA Reductase inhibitor	97
8285014092	Sitagliptin	Antidiabetic - Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 inhibitor	98
8285014093	Mirtazaprine	Antidepressant	99
8285014094	Triamterene w/ hydrochlorothiazide	Diuretic - Potassium sparing w/ Thiazide	100
8285014095	Alendronate	Osteoporosis agent - Bisphosphate	101
8285014096	Cefdinir	Antibiotic - Cephalosporin	102
8285014097	Pregabalin	Anticonvulsant Antineuralgic	103
8285014098	Methylprednisolone	Anti-inflammatory - Corticosteriod	104
8285014099	Norgestimate and Ethinyl Estradiol (monophasic)	Contraceptive - oral	105
8285014100	Acetaminophen w/ Codeine	Opioid Analgesic	106
8285014101	Benzonatate	Antitussive	107
8285014102	Latanoprost	Glaucoma agent - Prostaglandin	108
8285014103	Benazepril	AHT - ACE inhibitor (antihypertensive)	109
8285014104	Famotidine	Gastric antisecretory - H2 antagonist	110
8285014105	Nystatin	Antifungal - topical	111
8285014106	Folic acid	Vitamin	112
8285014107	Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride	Antiallergy antianxiety agent - antihistamine	113
8285014108	Insulin aspart	Antidiabetic - Rapid acting insluin	114
8285014109	Lansoprazole	Gastric antisecretory PPI (proton pump inhibitor)	115
8285014110	Nitrofurantoin	Antibacterial	116
8285014111	Insulin Detemir	Antidiabetic - intermediate acting insulin	117
8285014112	Norgestimate and Ethinyl Estradiol (triphasic)	Contraceptive - oral	118
8285014113	Temazepam	Sedative/Hypnotic - benzo	119
8285014114	Celecoxib	NSAID - COX2 Inhibitor	120
8285014115	Sumatriptan	Antimigrainous agent	121
8285014116	Acyclovir	Antiviral	122
8285014117	Memantine	Alzheimer's Dementia agent NMDA Receptor Antagonist	123
8285014118	Thyriod (dessicated)	Thyroid Hormone	124
8285014119	Baclofen	Skeletal Muscle relaxant	125
8285014120	Doxycycline Hyclate	Antibiotic - Tetracycline	126
8285014121	Finasteride	Prostate anti-inflammatory - 5-alpha reducatase inhibitor	127
8285014122	Ezetimbe	Antihyperlipidemic	128
8285014123	Valsartan w/ HCTZ	AHT - ARB Angiotensin II receptor blocker w/ HCTZ diuretic	129
8285014124	Verapamil	AHT/Antiangial - Nondihydropyridine Ca Channel Blocker	130
8285014125	Hydroxyzine Pamoate	Antiallergy antianxiety agent - antihistamine	131
8285014126	Carbidopa w/ Levodopa	Antiparkinson agent	132
8285014127	Chlorpheniramine w/ hydrocodone	Antitussive - Antihistamine w/ opioid	133
8285014128	Insulin lispro	Antidiabetic - Rapid acting insluin	134
8285014129	Nitroglycerin	Antianginal - Nitrate	135
8285014130	Clindamycin	Antibiotic	136
8285014131	Enalapril	AHT - ACE inhibitor (antihypertensive)	137
8285014132	Lisdexamfetamine	Stimulant CNS	138
8285014133	Dicyclomine	GI Antispasmotic - Anticholinergic	139
8285014134	Methocarbamol	Skeletal Muscle Relaxant	140
8285014135	Testosterone	Testosterone Hormone	141
8285014136	Gemfibrozil	Antihyperlipidemic Fibric acid derivative	142
8285014137	Sidenafil	Erectile Dysfunction agent - phosphodiesterase inhibitor	143
8285014138	Meclizine	Antivertigo agent - antihistamine	144
8285014139	Guanfacine	ATH/antipsychotic - Alpha 2 agonist	145
8285014140	Valsartan	ATH - ARB angiotensin II recpetor blocker	146
8285014141	Levetiracetam	Anticonvulsant	147
8285014142	Mupirocin	antibiotic	148
8285014143	Nifedipine	ATH/ Antianginal - Dihydropyridine Ca Channel blocker	149
8285014144	Metoclopramide	Antiemetic - Prokinetic	150
8285014145	Phenytoin	Anticonvulsant	151
8285014146	Rivaroxaban	Anticoagulent - Factor Xa inhibitor	152
8285014147	Pioglitazone	Antidiabetic - Thiazolidinedione	153
8285014148	Codeine w/ guaifenesin	Antitussive - Expectorant w/ opiod	154
8285014149	Hydralazine	ATH	155
8285014150	Phentermine	Weight management - stimulant	156
8285014151	Pramipexole	Antiparkinson agent - dopamine agonist	157
8285014152	Minocycline	Antibiotic - Tetracycline	158
8285014153	Gluticasone propinonate	Antiasthmatic - Corticosteriod	159
8285014154	Glyburide	Antidiabetic - Sulfonylurea	160
8285014155	Carisoprodol	Skeletal Muscle relaxant	161
8285014156	Valacyclovir	Antiviral	162
8285014157	Amlodipine w/ Benazepril	ATH - Dihydropyridine Ca Channel blocker w/ ACE inhibitor	163
8285014158	Metronidazole	Antibacterial/Antiprotozoal	164
8285014159	Levonorgestrel w/ Ethinyl Estradiol	Oral Contraceptive	165
8285014160	Ipatropium	Antiasthmatic - anticholinergic	166
8285014161	Olanzapine	Antipsychotic - Atypical	167
8285014162	Hydromorphone	Opioid Analgesic	168
8285014163	Carbamazepine	Anticonvulsant	169
8285014164	Penicillin V Potassium	Antibiotic - Penicillin	170
8285014165	Hydroxychloroquinine	Rheumatoid Arthritis Agent/ antimalarial	171
8285014166	Nebivolol	ATH - beta blocker	172
8285014167	Cyanocobalamin (Vitamnin B-12)	Hematological Agent -Vitamin	173
8285014168	Oxcarbazepine	Anticonvulsant	174
8285014169	Tolterodine	Urinary Bladder modifier - anticholingeric	175
8285014170	Sucralfate	Antiulcer agent	176
8285014171	Butalbital, acetaminophen and Caffeine	Analgesic - Barbituate	177
8285014172	Amiodarone	Antiarrhythmic	178
8285014173	Dexlansoprazole	Gastric antisecretory PPI (proton pump inhibitor)	179
8285014174	Prednisolone	Anti-inflammatory - Corticosteriod	180
8285014175	Promethazine w/ Codeine	Antitussive w/ opiod	181
8285014176	Fenofibrate (capsules)	Antihyperlipidemic Fibric acid derivative	182
8285014177	Hydrocortisone (rectal)	Anti-inflammatory - Corticosteriod - topical	183
8285014178	Methotrexate	Antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory	184
8285014179	Terazosin	ATH - alpha 1 blocker	185
8285014180	Benztropine	Antiparkinson agent - anticolingeric	186
8285014181	Drospirenone w/ ethinyl estradiol	Oral Contraceptive	187
8285014182	Canagliflozin	Antidiabetic - Sodium glucose Cotransporter 2 inhibitor	188
8285014183	Omega 3 acid ethyl esters	Antihyperlipidemic	189
8285014184	Ramipril	ATH - ACE inhibitor	190
8285014185	Estrogens (conjugated)	Estrogen - hormone	191
8285014186	Lidocaine	Topical Analgesic	192
8285014187	Solifenacin	Urinary Bladder modifier - anticholingeric	193
8285014188	Norethindrone, ethinyl estradiol, Ferrous fumarate	Oral Contraceptive	194
8285014189	Levocetirizine	Antiallergy agent - antihistamine	195
8285014190	Nortriptyline	Tri-cyclic antidepressant	196
8285014191	Oseltamivir	Antiviral	197
8285014192	Quinapril	ATH - ACE inhibitor	198
8285014193	Aripiprazole	Atypical Antipsyphotic	199

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AP Literature Vocabulary Flashcards

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5709083633	Kenning	Often picturesque metaphorical compounds used in Old Germanic languages as synonyms for simple nouns	0
5709083634	Caesura	A pause or break in a line of verse	1
5709083635	Alliteration	The repetition of initial identical consonant sounds or any vowels sound in successive or closely associated syllables	2
5709083636	Aphorism	A principle expressed tersely in a few telling words or any general truth conveyed in a short and pithy sentence	3
5709083637	Irony	The recognition of a reality different from appearance	4
5709083638	Verbal irony	A figure of speech in which the actual intent is expressed in words that carry the opposite meaning	5
5709083639	Dramatic irony	The reader's understanding is greater than the characters in a work of literature	6
5709083640	Situational irony	Events coming together in improbable situations creating a tense between expected and Real Results	7
5709083641	Understatement	The literal sense of what is said Falls detectively short of the magnitude of what is being talked about	8
5709083642	Imagery	Writing that appeals to the senses	9
5709083643	Meter	The reoccurrence and poetry of a rhythmic pattern or the rhythm established by the regular occurrence of similar units of sound	10
5709083644	Foot	A unit of sound consisting of some combinations of stressed and unstressed syllables	11
5709083645	Strophe (antistrophe)	Two of three stanzaic forms of the Greek choral ode. These two are identical to meter. As the chorus sang the strophe, they moved from right to left; while singing antistrophe, they retrace the steps exactly. In rhetoric antistrophe is the reciprocal conversation of the same words	12
5709083646	In medias res	A Greek term literally meaning in the midst of things. It is applied to a literary technique of opening a story in the middle of the action and then supplying background information through flashbacks and other devices.	13
5709083647	Characterization	The creation of imaginary person so that they seem lifelike	14
5709083648	Direct characterization	The explicit presentation by the author of a character	15
5709083649	Indirect characterizarion	The authors revelation of a character through his words, thoughts, actions, appearances, or responses to and from others	16
5709083650	Static characterization	A character who changes little if at all throughout the story	17
5709083651	Dynamic characterization	A character who experiences a major change throughout the course of the work	18
5709083652	Satire	And work or manner that blends a censorious attitude with humor and wit for improving human institutions or Humanity. Satirist attempt through laughter not so much to tear down as to inspire remodeling.	19
5709083653	Sarcasm	A caustic and bitter expression of strong disapproval. It is typically personal, jeering, and intended to hurt. It is a more caustic and bitter form of irony.	20
5709083654	Enjambment	The continuation of the sense and grammatical construction of a line on to the next line.	21
5709083655	Sonnet	A 14 line poem typically written in iambic pentameter about an unattainable love with a specific rhyme scheme.	22
5709083656	Shakespearean sonnet	Asana consisting of three quatrains followed by an indented couplet. Rhyming abab cdcd efef gg	23
5709083657	Petrarchan sonnet	A sonnet consisting of an octave and a sestet. Typically a shift in the handling of the subject or the point of views occurs between the octave and the sestet. The rhyming pattern may vary but is typically abbaabba for the octave and cdecde or cdcdcd	24
5709083658	Catharsis	The purging of one's guilt in the story. This is usually done in a very dramatic way. Think Oedipus stabbing his eyes.	25
5709083659	Hamartia	This is the Fatal flaw that a character takes that causes their downfall.	26
5709083660	Hubris	the arrogance of a character	27
5709083661	Foil	A character whose qualities or actions serves to emphasize those of the protagonist by providing a strong contrast with them.	28
5709083662	Monologue	An extended speech honored by one speaker, either to others or as if alone	29
5709083663	Soliloquy	A dramatic speech ordered by one character speaking aloud while alone on stage or while under the impression of being alone	30
5709083664	Apostrophe	A figure of speech in which someone, some abstract quality, or non-existent person is directly addressed as though present	31
5709083665	Ambiguity	The state of having more than one meaning or interpretation	32
5709083666	Synecdoche	A part represents the whole	33
5709083667	Point of view	The vantage point or stance from which a story is told	34
5709083668	First person	The story is told by one of its characters typically using the first person pronoun I.	35
5709083669	Third person objective	The author Limits him / herself to reporting what the character say or do	36
5709083670	Third person omniscient	The author knows all and it's free to tell us anything including what the characters are thinking and feeling. All characters thoughts and feelings are revealed.	37
5709083671	Third person limited	The author Limits him / herself to a complete knowledge of one character in the story and tells us only what that one character feels, thinks, sees, or hears	38
5709083672	Dystopia	An undesirable imaginary Society	39
5709083673	Utopia	A desirable imaginary Society	40
5709083674	Theme	An abstract idea that emerges from the literary Works treatment of its subject matter or a topic reoccurring and a number of literary works.	41
5709083675	Novella	A short story may be built on one incident	42
5709083676	Plot	A series of related events creating a story	43
5709083677	Exposition	The setting forth of a systematic explanation of or argument about any subject; or the opening part of a play or story in which we are introduced to the characters and their situation	44
5709083678	rising action	The part of the plot that leads through a series of events of increasing interest in power to the climax or Turning Point	45
5709083679	Climax	The part of the story which a crisis is reached and a resolution achieved	46
5709083680	Denouement	The portion of the plot that reveals the final outcome of its conflicts or the solution of its Mysteries	47
5709083681	Deus Ex machina	The resolution of a plot by use of a highly improbable chance, coincidence, or artificial device that solves some difficult problem or crisis	48
5709083682	Protagonist	The chief character in a work the main character the protagonist is a major conflict overcome or defeat throughout the course of the story this does not mean the good guy the protagonist need not be upright or virtuous	49
5709083600	Antagonist	The most prominent of the characters who oppose the protagonist or hero in a dramatic or narrative work. The antagonist is often villains seeking to frustrate a heroine or hero.	50
5709083601	Synaesthesia	The description of one kind of sense impression by using words that normally describe another	51
5709083602	Style	A writer's way of saying things or a philosophy that influences the author's viewpoint	52
5709083603	Tone	The attitude towards the subject and or towards the audience in a literary work	53
5709083604	Mood	The emotional or intellectual attitude of the author towards the subject	54
5709083605	Connotation	The range of further associations that a word or phrase suggests in addition to it straightforward dictionary meaning	55
5709083606	Juxtaposition	The side by side comparison of two or more objects or ideas for the purpose of highlighting similarities or differences	56
5709083607	malapropism	The comic substitution of one word for another similar in sound but different in meaning	57
5709083608	Voice	The sense of written work conveys to a reader of the writers attitude personality and character	58
5709083609	Motif	A reoccurring image, word, phrase, action, idea, object, or situation that appears in various works or throughout the same work	59
5709083610	Anachronism	An event, object, custom, person, or thing that is out of its natural order in time	60
5709083611	Metonymy	Figure of speech in which a representative term is used for a larger idea. "The pen is mightier than the sword".	61
5709083612	Narrator	Teller of the story	62
5709083613	Dissonance	Harshness of a sound and or rhyme either inadvertent or deliberate	63
5709083614	Euphony	A pleasing smoothness of sound perceived by the ease with which the words can be spoken in combination	64
5709083615	Litotes	A figure of speech where an affirmation is made indirectly by saying its opposite usually with an effect of understatement	65
5709083616	Euphemism	The substitution of a mild term for one more offensive or hurtful	66

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American History Chapter 13 Flashcards

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5572530954	Manifest Destiny	expansionist movement of the pioneer spirit to move on to new land	0
5572532769	Aroostook War	settlers from Maine clashed with British workers cutting trees	1
5572536201	Webster-Ashborton Treaty	British got a direct land route from the Saint Lawrence River to New Brunswick and the United States got Aroostook Valley	2
5572541310	Mormons	Communal organization religious group led by Joseph Smith that was forced to move several times to escape persecution	3
5572548144	Brigham Young	new Mormon leader who sought an isolated haven territory that belonged to Mexico	4
5572551083	Santa Anna	elected president of Mexico in 1833 and gave up the alamo	5
5572554188	Sam Houston	persecuted by the Mexican army and was the military leader of the Texans	6
5572556602	John Slidell	sent as an envoy to Mexico to discuss Texas and offer $25 million for California	7
5572560418	Zachary Taylor	general sent South to the Rio Grande	8
5572563956	Winfield Scott	sent to conquer Mexico City	9
5572565693	Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo	United States gained full title to Texas, California, and New Mexico and paid $15 million for California and New Mexico and the Mexican government debts amounting to $3,250,000	10
5572575373	Narcisco Lopez	best known filibuster who attempted three armed landings in Cuba with small bands of Americans to start a revolt against Spanish rule	11
5572581009	Franklin Pierce	sought southern expansion and offered $130 million for Cuba but Spain refused	12
5572584423	Ostend Manifesto	declared that if Spain would not sell Cuba, the United States would take it by force	13
5572587960	Clay-Bulwer Treaty	the United States and Britain agreed to jointly support the building of a canal through either Nicaragua or Panama	14
5572591619	Matthew Perry	sailed into Tokyo harbor and eventually helped convince Japan to open relations with the rest of the world	15

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American History Chapter 13 Vocabulary Terms Flashcards

Key terms, people, and events from Chapter 13 of Alan Brinkley's American History.

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8079178165	Popular Sovereignty	Popularized by Democrat Stephen Douglas, idea that people in a territory should decide for themselves whether they should be slave or free	0
8079178166	Ostend Manifest	Idea that US should buy Cuba from Spain for $120 million, or go to war for it. Cuba would become a slave state.	1
8079178167	Free-Soil Party	Prelude to the Republican Party, against the spread of slavery in the Mexican Cession, felt slavery took jobs away from Whites.	2
8079178168	Conscious Whigs	Members of the respective party that opposed slavery on moral grounds	3
8079178169	Gadsden Purchase	Area of land in southern AZ and NM, important to the transcontinental RR, under Franklin Pierce's administration	4
8079178170	Compromise of 1850	Added CA as a free state, tougher fugitive slave law, popular sovereignty in Mexican Cession	5
8079178171	Personal Liberty Laws	Passed by many states it the north, denied jails and courts for federal officials trying to capture slaves	6
8079178172	Fugitive Slave Law	Part of Compromise of 1850, harsher treatment for runaway slaves, North held accountable for helping out runaway slaves	7
8079178173	Kansas-Nebraska Act	Overturned the MO (1820) Compromise, popular sovereignty established for KS and NB	8
8079178174	Uncle Tom's Cabin	Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, very popular in the North, focused on slave families being torn apart	9
8079178175	The Impending Crisis of the South	Banned and burned in the South, this book stated that non-slaveholding Whites were the ones that were hurt by slavery	10
8079178176	Lawrence, Kansas	Free-soil city that was burned by pro-slavery individuals	11
8079178177	Pottawatomie Creek	Led by John Brown in Kansas, killed many proslavery individuals in retaliation for Lawrence, KS killings.	12
8079178178	Lecompton Constitution	People in KS could vote on a Constitution with or without slavery. If slavery was voted down, it would be protected for those already there.	13
8079178179	Caning of Charles Sumner	Conflict between Northern Senator and S.C. Congressman, showed tensions in Congress between North and South	14
8079178180	"Fire-Eaters"	Southerners that threatened secession if a Republican were elected president	15
8079178181	Dred Scott v. Sanford	Supreme Court decision that stated Blacks were not citizens, Congress could not prohibit slavery	16
8079178182	Freeport Doctrine	Argument by Stephen Douglass that states could, in theory, limit slavery; caused a split in the Democratic Party	17
8079178183	Harpers Ferry	Desire to start a massive slave rebellion, 7 people killed, led to execution of John Brown, South afraid of future attacks	18
8079178184	John Brown	Radical abolitionist, responsible for death of many in his desire for abolition. Hated by South, major cause of Civil War.	19

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American History - Chapter 13 Flashcards

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4350559649	John Charles Fremont	know for the Bear Flag Revolution	0
4350560302	James W. Marshall	known for the California Gold Rush	1
4350562964	Jedediah Smith	mountain man	2
4350564092	Brigham Young	Mormon leader	3
4350564801	Alamo	remembrance of this stirred Sam Houston and his army to victory	4
4350567601	Battle of San Jacinto	resulted in the capture of Santa Anna	5
4350570758	Gadsden Purchase	completed the acquisition of territory for the 48 contiguous United States	6
4350573045	Mexican Cession	the area Mexico gave up at the end of the Mexican War	7
4350574207	Mexican War	carried out by "Old Rough and Ready" and "Old Fuss and Feathers"; served as a "training ground" for the Civil War to come	8
4350575830	popular soveriengty	principle of allowing people in the territories to decide whether they wished to allow slavery	9
4350577349	California	major territory brought into American hands by the Bear Flag Revolution	10
4350579792	Zachary Taylor	American general who gained great popularity and success during the Mexican War	11
4350582176	Oregon Territory	claimed by U.S. and Britain before 1846; boundary was set at the 49th parallel	12
4350584433	Mormons	group that was responsible for settling much of the Great Basin area of the West; had trouble	13
4350585856	Santa Anna	Mexican president who opposed Texan independence	14
4350589276	Rio Grande	believed to be the border between Texas and Mexico at the outbreak of the Mexican War	15
4350593197	Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo	the agreement that ended the Mexican War	16
4350593198	Doughfaces	the name given to Norther Democrats who were willing to compromise on the political problems of the 1850's; Franklin Pierce was known as one	17
4350599105	Millard Fillmore	succeeded to the presidency when Zachary Taylor died while in office	18
4350600804	Sutter's Fort	related to start of the California Gold Rush	19
4350602719	Manifest Destiny	associated with President James K. Polk	20
4350605664	Bueno Vista	Zachary Taylor became the hero of this as the last event in the Mexico/Texas conflict	21
4350608205	reasons for moving West	riches, farmland, missionary work	22
4350609688	Compromise of 1850	allowed popular sovereignty, introduced a stricter Fugitive Slave Law, and outlawed the slave trade in the District of Columbia; Stephen Douglas helped to pass this aggreement	23
4350615943	Oregon Trail	trail was used more by traders than settlers moving to new homes	24
4350618647	Texas	an independent country before annexed to the United States; those against slavery protested the admittance of Texas to the union because they feared it would be divided into multiple slave states	25
4350619649	Wilmot Proviso	would have banned slavery in any territory taken from Mexico	26
4350621534	Marcus Whitman	missionary in the West	27
4350624998	Methodist Missionaries	first to seek permanent homes in Oregon	28
4350625968	Spanish missions	these were set up along the coast of California before the land fell into American hands	29
4350628037	trappers & traders	first white men to arrive in a western area	30
4350736985	American settlers in Texas	helped Texas to prosper but did not blend into Spanish population as Mexico has hoped	31
4350748474	James Polk	won the election of 1844 by promising "All of Oregon, All of Texas" to the American people	32

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Chapter 13 American History Flashcards

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5330837964	Manifest Destiny	(311) Ideology that reflected growing pride of American nationalism and the idealistic vision of social perfection. Significance: Without Manifest Destiny, the United States would not have reached its current size; however, the expansion had a serious impact on Native Americans. As a result of Manifest Destiny, Native Americans lost all of their land.	0
5330846736	Compromise of 1850	(323) Henry Clay presented... CA as a free state, formation of territorial governments in rest of lands from Mexico (no slavery restrictions), abolition of slave trade (not slavery), and new/effective fugitives slave law. Launched debate for months. New leaders took on and produced a compromise. Tyler died and Fillmore supported... victory of self-interest. Significance: Views from the north and south were polarized but the Compromise of 1850 made them reach a temporary political equilibrium. It accomplished what it intended to achieve at the time, to revitalize the Union and peace.	1
5330854284	Free-soil ideology	(328) In North. Proper structure of society centered on "free soil" and "free labor." White northerners believed existence of slavery was dangerous because of threats to whites. Right of all citizens to own property, control labor, and have access to opportunities for advancement. Significance: Former members of the Free Soil Party were party of the new Republican Party that formed in 1854. Though outnumbered by former Whigs, the new party's POSITIONS on most key issues were close to or the same as the Free Soilers.	2
5330860185	The Oregon Trail	(314) 2000 miles. Stretched from Independence across the Great Plains and through the South Pass of the Rocky Mountains. Arduous journey that was a very communal experience. Expansion pressures pushed US into war. Significance: helped the United States implement its cultural goal of Manifest Destiny, that is, to expand the nation from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. The five to six month journey spanned over half the continent as the wagon trail proceeded 2,170 miles (3,500 kilometers) west through territories and land later to become six U.S. states (Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming, Idaho, and Oregon).	3
5330868936	Mexican War	(318) 1846 US declared war. Whigs charged that Polk deliberately put country in conflict (and lied about attack). Significance: The war was disastrous for Mexico, as it was forced to sign away nearly half of its national territory, including California, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah and parts of several other current US states	4

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American History Chapter 13 Flashcards

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6900576841	Manifest Destiny	Time period of expansion across the whole continent to the Pacific Ocean; obvious fate for the U.S. (clear and bound to happen that U.S. should control the whole continent; Will of Providence; purpose was to spread liberty and self government.	0
6900601479	Oregon Trail	Missionaries traveled it to minister to the Indians, farmers wanted fertile and free land, mild climate, and the rainfall in the river valleys. Pioneers faced winter in the Rockies if they didn't make it to Oregon on time, disease, and accidents. Clean water was scarce, and animals tired easily.	1
6900635742	Joseph Smith	First took like-minded people called Mormons to Illinois. Died there.	2
6900637595	Brigham Young	Took Mormons to Utah, where they then settled.	3
6900642477	Mormon Trail	People traveled the trail to find refuge from people who did not agree with the Mormon teachings.	4

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