AP Spanish Language and Culture Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6699542687 | a causa de | because of | 0 | |
| 6699547642 | actualmente | presently | 1 | |
| 6699549620 | ahora mismo | right now | 2 | |
| 6699551506 | al considerar | upon consideration of | 3 | |
| 6699554215 | a mi perecer | in my opinion | 4 | |
| 6699559215 | a pesar de todo | in spite of everything | 5 | |
| 6699561384 | claro | of course | 6 | |
| 6699561385 | como | since | 7 | |
| 6699565016 | de ninguna manera | by no means | 8 | |
| 6699566445 | do todos modos | at any rate | 9 | |
| 6699569184 | en cuanto a | regarding | 10 | |
| 6699572880 | en vista de que | considering that | 11 | |
| 6699578473 | hace poco | a short while ago | 12 | |
| 6699583162 | hasta la fecha | until now | 13 | |
| 6699586750 | hay que tomar en cuenta que | one must realize that | 14 | |
| 6699589202 | hoy día | nowadays | 15 | |
| 6699593778 | lo esencial es | what is essential is | 16 | |
| 6699597260 | lo que importa es | what matters is | 17 | |
| 6699599238 | sin duda | without a doubt | 18 | |
| 6699601509 | sobre todo | above all | 19 | |
| 6699608981 | además (de) | in addition | 20 | |
| 6699614024 | a la misma vez | at the same time | 21 | |
| 6699617862 | asimismo | likewise | 22 | |
| 6699622022 | con respecto a | with respect to | 23 | |
| 6699622023 | conforme a | according to | 24 | |
| 6699624597 | constar que | to make know that | 25 | |
| 6699743134 | de ahora en adelante | from now on | 26 | |
| 6699753911 | el hecho | in fact | 27 | |
| 6699753912 | el caso es | the fact is | 28 | |
| 6699755652 | el hecho de que | the fact that | 29 | |
| 6699760810 | es decir que | that is to say | 30 | |
| 6699763647 | específicamente | specifically | 31 | |
| 6699765303 | igualmente | equally | 32 | |
| 6699769002 | las razones por las que | the reasons for which | 33 | |
| 6699770816 | mientras tantos | in the meantime | 34 | |
| 6699770817 | mientras | meanwhile | 35 | |
| 6699773014 | o sea | that is to say | 36 | |
| 6699775556 | para continuar | to continue | 37 | |
| 6699779402 | para ejemplificar | to exemplify | 38 | |
| 6699781224 | para ilustrar | to illustrate | 39 | |
| 6699783383 | por añadidura | besides | 40 | |
| 6699788292 | por eso | therefore | 41 | |
| 6699788293 | principalmente | firstly | 42 | |
| 6699794204 | para emezar | to begin | 43 | |
| 6699794205 | al principio | at the beginning | 44 | |
| 6699796336 | a partir de | beginning with | 45 | |
| 6699798275 | como punto de partida | as a starting point | 46 | |
| 6699803354 | en primer lugar | in the first place | 47 | |
| 6699809066 | al contrario de | in contrast to | 48 | |
| 6699809067 | abmos | both | 49 | |
| 6699810585 | a pesar de que | despite | 50 | |
| 6699812496 | aunque | although | 51 | |
| 6699812497 | como | given that | 52 | |
| 6699819957 | de la misma manera | in the same way | 53 | |
| 6699821483 | de lo contrario | otherwise | 54 | |
| 6699821484 | de otro modo | on the other hand | 55 | |
| 6699825615 | en vez de | instead of | 56 | |
| 6699827622 | es cada vez más | it is increasingly... | 57 | |
| 6699838329 | no obstante | nevertheless | 58 | |
| 6699839860 | por la mayor parte | for the most part | 59 | |
| 6699839861 | por motivo que | for the reason that | 60 | |
| 6699842391 | por un lado | on one hand | 61 | |
| 6699843900 | sin embargo | however | 62 | |
| 6699845373 | sino | but | 63 | |
| 6699845374 | sino que | but rather | 64 | |
| 6699847076 | tanto mejor | even better | 65 | |
| 6705564466 | Ante esto | In light of this | 66 | |
| 6705564467 | Al parecer | Seemingly | 67 | |
| 6705564468 | Al considerar | Upon consideration of | 68 | |
| 6705564469 | Así que | Thus | 69 | |
| 6705564470 | Como consecuencia | As a consequence | 70 | |
| 6705564471 | Como resultado | As a result of | 71 | |
| 6705564472 | Debido a | Because of | 72 | |
| 6705564473 | De manera que | So that | 73 | |
| 6705564474 | En todo caso | In any case | 74 | |
| 6705564475 | Por consiguiente | Consequently | 75 | |
| 6705564476 | Por ese motivo | For this reason | 76 | |
| 6705564477 | Por lo tanto | Hence | 77 | |
| 6705564478 | Puesto que | As | 78 | |
| 6705564479 | Resulta a | It turns out that | 79 | |
| 6705564480 | Se debe tomar en cuenta | One must take into account | 80 | |
| 6705564481 | Sigue que | It follows that | 81 | |
| 6705564482 | Ya que | Now that | 82 | |
| 6705564483 | A fin de cuentas | In the end | 83 | |
| 6705564484 | Al fin | At last | 84 | |
| 6705564485 | Al fin y al cabo | When all is said and done | 85 | |
| 6705564486 | Ante todo | First of all | 86 | |
| 6705564487 | De lo anterior, se ve que | From the above, it is clear that | 87 | |
| 6705564488 | De todas formas | Anyway | 88 | |
| 6705564489 | De todo esto se deduce que | From the above, we can deduce that | 89 | |
| 6705564490 | De todos modos | At any rate | 90 | |
| 6705564491 | En breve | Briefly | 91 | |
| 6705564492 | En definitiva | Definitely | 92 | |
| 6705564493 | En fin | In short | 93 | |
| 6705564494 | En resumen | In summary | 94 | |
| 6705564495 | En resumidas cuentas | In short | 95 | |
| 6705564496 | En todo caso | In any case | 96 | |
| 6705564497 | Finalmente | Finally | 97 | |
| 6705564498 | Lo esencial es | What is essential is | 98 | |
| 6705564499 | Mejor dicho | Rather | 99 | |
| 6705564500 | Para terminar | To end | 100 | |
| 6705564501 | Por último | Lastly | 101 | |
| 6705564502 | Por siguiente | Thus | 102 | |
| 6741325197 | Cordialmente | Cordially | 103 | |
| 6741337082 | Estimida/o | Dear (formal) | 104 | |
| 6741337083 | Querida/querido | Dear (informal) | 105 |
AP Language Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7602457848 | Anadiplosis | Repetition. The last word of the previous clause begins the next. "The bear chased the men, the men hunted the rabbit, the rabbit ate the leave." | 0 | |
| 7602466183 | Anaphora | Beginning several sentences/clauses with the same word/phrase. "I will fight for love, i will fight for victory" | 1 | |
| 7602484417 | Anastrophe | Yoda/shakespeare talk. Reverse order of words. | 2 | |
| 7602493559 | Aphorism | A brief opinionated statement/elemental truth. "Glass, china, and reputations are easily cracked, and never well mended" | 3 | |
| 7602508436 | Apostrophe | Pray-like statement to one who is not present. | 4 | |
| 7602518026 | Asyndeton | Related independent clauses connected by commas and lacking conjunctions. "I trashed the hall, broke the plate, ate the food, and said I'd return" | 5 | |
| 7602539989 | Begging the Question | Logical fallacy that introduces a statement with words/phrases that need to also be introduced prior to the statement. | 6 | |
| 7602551294 | Chiasmus | ABBA pattern. "Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country" | 7 | |
| 7602558899 | Complex sentence | Independent and dependent clause | 8 | |
| 7602562791 | Compound sentence | Two independent clauses with a conjunction | 9 | |
| 7602567970 | Declarative sentence | Sentence of assertion | 10 | |
| 7602570691 | Deductive | putting the thesis at the beginning of an argument followed by evidence | 11 | |
| 7602590588 | Epanalepsis | Similar to Chiasmus but not ABBA. "Common sense is not so common" | 12 | |
| 7602599368 | Epistrophe | Ending several lines/sentences with the same word(s)/phrase(s) "of the people, by the people, and for the people. | 13 | |
| 7602619559 | Etymology | Study of the origin of words and their historical uses. | 14 | |
| 7602628384 | Jargon | A pattern of speech and vocab associated with a particular group of people | 15 | |
| 7602637842 | Loose/Cumulative sentence | An independent sentence/phrase that followed by several modifiers. "She wore a yellow ribbon that matched the shingles of the house, which were painted last year, just before he left for war." | 16 | |
| 7602651986 | Malapropism | Word play where one word is mistakenly replaced by a word that sounds similar. "pineapple of politeness vs pinnacle of politeness" | 17 | |
| 7602668332 | Metonymy | Figure of speech where the name of one thing is substituted by a word that is closely related to it. "The CROWN spoke with authority. Crown=king" | 18 | |
| 7602686177 | Periodic Sentence | A sentence with several dependent clauses that precede the independent clause. "While watching the rain and wondering why it has not stopped, nor even abated, I filed my fingernails. | 19 | |
| 7602715788 | Polysyndeton | Use of many fanboys when not needed but are rhetorically effective. Makes it sound like you're out of breath. "He was overwhelmed, as if by a tsunami, and by the fishes, and by the seaweed, and by the salt spray from the heavens" | 20 | |
| 7602743116 | Predicate adjective | An adjective that follows a linking verb and modifies the subject "The gigantic whirlpool was INKY BLACK. | 21 | |
| 7602758965 | Predicate nominative | A noun/pronoun that uses a linking verb to unite, describe, or rename the noun. | 22 | |
| 7602772268 | Rhetorical Shift | Occurs when the author of an essay significantly alters his/her's diction/syntax/both | 23 | |
| 7602781945 | Syllogism | Two premises lead to a truth. "All human beings are moral. Heather is a human being. Therefore Heather is mortal." | 24 | |
| 7602808229 | Synecdoche | a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa "Lend me a hand" | 25 | |
| 7602817281 | Tricolon | A sentence with three distinct and equally long parts separated by commas. "I came, I saw, I conquered." | 26 | |
| 7602828047 | Zeugma | A rhetorical device where two or more elements in a sentence are tied together by the same verb or noun. "John lost his wallet, coat, and his temper." | 27 |
AP World History Spodek Ch. 19 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6416522358 | Nikita Khruschev | president 1953-64; exposed Stalin's tyranny; launched Sputnik | 0 | |
| 6416527105 | Bloody Sunday | 1905; troops fired on peaceful protesters, turning people against czar and forcing him to establish the duma | 1 | |
| 6416559688 | Russo-Japanese War | first defeat of a European power by an Asian one; helped lead to Russian Revolution | 2 | |
| 6416562348 | Mikhail Gorbachev | president 1985-91; dropped out of arms race; couldn't keep USSR from dissolving | 3 | |
| 6416566630 | Rape of Nanjing | Japanese brutally attacked the Chinese city at the beginning of the Pacific War; about 12,000 killed and 20,000 raped | 4 | |
| 6416572122 | glasnost | political and cultural openness; policy of Gorbachev | 5 | |
| 6416575071 | perestroika | economic restructuring; policy of Gorbachev | 6 | |
| 6416577019 | collectivization | Stalin transferred land to state ownership; forced peasants to join large farms | 7 | |
| 6416583501 | Leon Trotsky | organized the Red Army; competed with Stalin for power and lost; came up with programs that were implemented by Stalin | 8 | |
| 6416588161 | Peace, Land, Bread | Lenin promised to give these things to the Russian people; used this as his motto | 9 | |
| 6416591954 | zaibatsu | large Japanese holding company run by a single family | 10 | |
| 6416594618 | New Economic Policy | implemented by Lenin; let peasants trade more, but the economy was still mostly controlled by the government | 11 | |
| 6416599362 | Five-Year Plans | implemented by Stalin; government control of every aspect of the economy; wanted to achieve combined development | 12 | |
| 6416606708 | Douglas MacArthur | general in charge of the American occupation of Japan after WWII | 13 | |
| 6416610239 | kulaks | wealthier peasants who opposed collectivization; many were executed or sent to prison camps | 14 | |
| 6416614800 | oil shocks | one in 1973 and another in 1979; Arab countries dramatically raised oil prices | 15 | |
| 6416622377 | Ukrainian famine | 1932-33; killed 7-10 million people; recognized as genocide by the Soviet government, possibly to eliminate an independence movement | 16 | |
| 6416629429 | Comintern | established by Soviet leaders to spread the revolution | 17 | |
| 6416631034 | gulag | vast system of forced labor camps under Stalin; millions sent there because they were "traitors" | 18 | |
| 6416634428 | mir | self-governing community of peasants in pre-revolutionary Russia | 19 |
AP World History Unit 2 (4) Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7598951312 | Persian Empire | Empire represented in this map |  | 0 |
| 7598951313 | Athens | First recorded democracy ever established. Direct democracy with juries of up to 2,500 people. Had to be an 18 year old male with Athenian parents to rule. | 1 | |
| 7598951314 | Greco-Persian Wars | Two major Persian invasions of Greece, 490 and 480 B.C.E., in which the Persians were defeated on both land and sea each time. | 2 | |
| 7598951315 | Hellenism | Civilizations represented on this map |  | 3 |
| 7598951316 | Alexander the Great | Between 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East. | 4 | |
| 7598951317 | Augustus | The first emperor of Rome whose leadership brought about a long period of Pax Romana (Roman Peace). | 5 | |
| 7598951318 | Qin Shihuangdi | (r.221-210 BCE) The emperor who unified China and established the first dynasty of a unified empire. |  | 6 |
| 7598951319 | Han Dynasty | (202 BC - 220 AD) dynasty started by Lui Bang; a great and long-lasting rule, it discarded the harsh policies of the previous dynasty and adopted Confucian principles; Its rulers chose officials who passed the civil service exams rather than birth; it was a time of prosperity | 7 | |
| 7598951320 | Mauryan Dynasty | 322-185 BCE. The first state to unify most of the Indian subcontinent. |  | 8 |
| 7598951321 | Ashoka | Third ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India (r. 270-232 B.C.E.). He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing. | 9 | |
| 7598951322 | legalism | Chinese philosophy developed by Hanfeizi; taught that humans are naturally evil and therefore need to be ruled by harsh laws | 10 | |
| 7598951323 | Confucianism | Chinese ethical and philosophical system. It sought to minimize conflicts by stressing obedience to superiors, reverence for elder family members, and honoring of ancestors | 11 | |
| 7598951324 | Vedas | Ancient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism. | 12 | |
| 7598951325 | Upanishads | A collection of over two hundred texts composed between 900 and 200 BC that provide philosophical commentary on the Vedas | 13 | |
| 7598951326 | Siddhartha Gautama | Founder of Buddhism |  | 14 |
| 7598951327 | Zoroastrianism | One of the first monotheistic religions, particularly one with a wide following. It was central to the political and religious culture of ancient Persia. A religion that developed in early Persia and stressed the fight between the forces of good and the forces of evil and how eventually the forces of good would prevail. |  | 15 |
| 7598951328 | Judaism | A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with a covenant between God and Abraham and his descendants the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. Holy Book is the Torah | 16 | |
| 7598951329 | Greek Rationalism | A secularizing system of scientific and philosophic thought that developed in the period 600 B.C.E. to 300 B.C.E.; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in nonreligious terms. | 17 | |
| 7598951330 | Socrates | (470-399 BCE) An Athenian philosopher who thought that human beings could lead honest lives and that honor was far more important than wealth, fame, or other superficial attributes. He taught students to question everything until a reasonable conclusion could be arrived at, later became Socratic method. condemed to death for corrupting young minds. |  | 18 |
| 7598951331 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry. | 19 | |
| 7598951332 | Jesus of Nazareth | Founder of Christianity. His teachings were based on Judaism but eventually became a separate faith and spread throughout the Roman Empire and the world. | 20 | |
| 7598951333 | Yellow Turban Rebellion | A massive Chinese peasant uprising inspired by Daoist teachings that began in 184 C.E. with the goal of establishing a new golden age of equality and harmony. | 21 | |
| 7598951334 | caste | distinct social class grouping; in China, Varna consisted of four classes that people were born into for life, and in India, |  | 22 |
| 7598951335 | Cyrus | Founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Between 550 and 530 B.C.E. he conquered Media, Lydia, and Babylon. He allowed the Jews to return to their homeland | 23 | |
| 7598951336 | Darius | Persian ruler who brought order to the Persian Empire. He also built roads; established a postal system; and standardized weights, measures, and coinage. | 24 | |
| 7598951337 | Alexander the Great | Successor of Philip of Macedon; 1st global empire, but no lasting bureaucracy; spread of Hellenism is greatest achievement | 25 | |
| 7598951338 | Persian | Of or relating to Iran or its people or language or culture | 26 | |
| 7598951339 | Satraps | under Darius's rule these were known as governors who ruled the provinces. They collected taxes, served as judges, and put down rebellions | 27 | |
| 7598951340 | Persian Wars | Conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, ranging from the Ionian Revolt (499-494 B.C.E.) through Darius's punitive expedition that failed at Marathon. Chronicled by Herodotus. (131) | 28 | |
| 7598951341 | Ahura Mazda | Main god of Zoroastrianism who represented truth and goodness and was perceived to be in an eternal struggle with the malign spirit angra mainyu. | 29 | |
| 7598951342 | Angra Mainyu | evil spirit in zoroastrianism, the explanation for the presence of evil in the world | 30 | |
| 7598951343 | Laozi | Chinese Daoist philosopher; taught that governments were of secondary importance and recommended retreat from society into nature. | 31 | |
| 7598951344 | Qin Shihuangdi | Ruler of China who united China for the first time. He built road and canals and began the Great Wall of China. He also imposed a standard system of laws, money, weights, and writing. | 32 | |
| 7598951345 | Han Wudi | The most important Han Emperor: expanded the Empire in all directions; created the Civil Service System based upon Confucian learning; established Imperial University; promoted the Silk Roads | 33 | |
| 7598951346 | Daoism | Chinese School of Thought: Daoists believe that the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from the Dao, or 'path' of nature. | 34 | |
| 7598951347 | Legalism | In China, a political philosophy that emphasized the unruliness of human nature and justified state coercion and control. The Qin ruling class invoked it to validate the authoritarian nature of their regime. (p.52) | 35 | |
| 7598951348 | Qin Dynasty | The dynasty that replaced the Zhou dynasty and employed Legalist ideas in order to control warring states and unify the country. | 36 | |
| 7598951349 | Han dynasty | A great and long-lasting rule, it discarded the harsh policies of the Qin dynasty and adopted Confucian principles. Han rulers chose officials on merit rather than birth. It was a time of prosperity | 37 | |
| 7598951350 | Yellow Turban Uprising | Large revolt throughout China during the Han dynasty led by desperate peasants wearing yellow turbans. This uprising tested the resilience of the Han state during the late second century CE. It weakened the Han state during the second and third centuries CE. Leads to fall of Han Dynasty | 38 | |
| 7598951351 | Chandragupta Maurya | He founded India's first empire (Mauryan). He was an Indian prince who conquered a large area in the Ganges River valley soon after Alexander invaded western India. | 39 | |
| 7598951352 | Ashoka | The grandson of Chandragupta Maurya; extended conquests of the dynasty; converted to Buddhism and sponsored its spread throughout his empire. | 40 | |
| 7598951353 | Chandra Gupta | Laid the foundations for the Gupta empire, he forged alliances with powerful families in the Ganges Region and established a dynamic kingdom about the year 320 C.E. Golden Age | 41 | |
| 7598951354 | Siddhartha Gautama | founder of Buddism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; also know as Buddha | 42 | |
| 7598951355 | Mauryan Empire | The first state to unify most of the Indian subcontinent. It was founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 324 B.C.E. and survived until 184 B.C.E. From its capital at Pataliputra in the Ganges Valley it grew wealthy from taxes. (184) | 43 | |
| 7598951356 | Gupta Empire | Powerful Indian state based, like its Mauryan predecessor, in the Ganges Valley. It controlled most of the Indian subcontinent through a combination of military force and its prestige as a center of sophisticated culture. Golden Age | 44 | |
| 7598951357 | Huns | Nomadic invaders from central Asia; invaded India; disrupted Gupta administration (Overthrew Gupta) | 45 | |
| 7598951358 | Buddhism | a world religion or philosophy based on the teaching of the Buddha and holding that a state of enlightenment can be attained by suppressing worldly desire | 46 | |
| 7598951359 | Homer | ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BC) | 47 | |
| 7598951360 | Socrates | Greek philosopher; socratic method--questioning; sentenced to death for corrupting Athens youth | 48 | |
| 7598951361 | Plato | Philosopher (429 BC-347 BC) who studied under Socrates and questioned reality. He believed that ideal forms existed on a separate plane than our conception of reality. In his work the Republic, he described an ideal society, in which philosopher-kings would rule and everyone would be given jobs based on their talents. He also creates the Academy, an ancient school of philosophy. | 49 | |
| 7598951362 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system. | 50 | |
| 7598951363 | polis | Greek word for city-state | 51 | |
| 7598951364 | Sparta | Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts | 52 | |
| 7598951365 | Persian War | King Darius of Persia wanted to conquer all of the Greek city-states but Athens and Sparta resisted. Greek city-states vs. Persia - Greek city-states won. Athens emerged as most powerful city state in Greece. | 53 | |
| 7598951366 | Delian League | An alliance headed by Athens that says that all Greek city-states will come together and help fight the Persians | 54 | |
| 7598951367 | Peloponnesian War | a war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by the league centered on Sparta | 55 | |
| 7598951368 | Hellenistic Age | Greek culture spread across western Asia and northeastern Africa after the conquests of Alexander the Great. The period ended with the fall of the last major Hellenistic kingdom to Rome, but Greek cultural influence persisted until the spread of Islam. | 56 | |
| 7598951369 | Ptolemaic Empire | The Hellenistic empire in Egypt area after Alexander's death; created by Ptolemy, one of Alexander's generals. | 57 | |
| 7598951370 | Seleucid Empire | The empire in Syria, Persia, and Bactria after the breakup of Alexander's empire. | 58 | |
| 7598951371 | Julius Caesar | Made dictator for life in 45 BCE, after conquering Gaul, assassinated in 44 BCE by the Senate because they were afraid of his power | 59 | |
| 7598951372 | Augustus Caesar | The first empreror of Rome, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, help Rome come into Pax Romana, or the Age of Roman Peace | 60 | |
| 7598951373 | Punic War | one of the three wars between Carthage and Rome that resulted in the destruction of Carthage and its annexation by Rome | 61 | |
| 7598951374 | Twelve tables | the earliest written collection of Roman laws, drawn up by patricians about 450B.C., that became the foundation of Roman law | 62 | |
| 7598951375 | Patricians | A member of one of the noble families of the ancient Roman Republic, which before the third century B.C. had exclusive rights to the Senate and the magistracies. | 63 | |
| 7598951376 | Plebeians | Members of the lower class of Ancient Rome including farmers, merchants, artisans and traders | 64 | |
| 7598951377 | Constantine | Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337) | 65 | |
| 7598951378 | Silk roads | Trade routes stretching from China to the Mediterranean, which allowed for the exchange of goods and ideas from China to the Roman Empire | 66 | |
| 7598951379 | Qanats | Underground irrigation systems developed by Persians | 67 | |
| 7598951380 | Aquaducts | Above ground structures that piped in fresh drinking water to public fountains in Roman Empire | 68 | |
| 7598951381 | concrete | Roman innovation that aided construction of large-scale projects. | 69 | |
| 7598951382 | Paul of Tarsus | One of the most important apostles who is largely responsible for the spread of Christianity around the Mediterranean World in the 1st century. | 70 | |
| 7598951383 | Stepwells | an innovation of the gupta empire that allowed for the storage of fresh drinking water in a fashion that minimized evaporation. | 71 | |
| 7598951384 | Jati | a Hindu caste or distinctive social group of which there are thousands throughout India; a special characteristic is often the exclusive occupation of its male members (such as barber or potter) | 72 | |
| 7598951385 | filial piety | The Confucian belief that one should obey older family members and pay respect to ancesters. | 73 | |
| 7598951386 | Shudra | The serving class, the lowest caste in Hinduism before the creation of the untouchables | 74 | |
| 7598951387 | Four Noble Truths | The Buddhist beliefs that all life is a cycle of suffering, the cause of suffering is desires for worldly pleasures, and that the cycle of suffering will not be broken until a person escapes re-birth through a process of Enlightenment. | 75 | |
| 7598951388 | Brahma | In Hinduism, a universal spirit believed to be the origin of everything. | 76 | |
| 7598951389 | Salon | A reformer who preserved Athenian democracy by initiating a series of compromises between aristocrats and commoners. | 77 | |
| 7598951390 | stupa | Buddhist shrines, usually believed to hold holy relics. | 78 | |
| 7598951391 | synchretism | when elements of two or more cultures blend together | 79 | |
| 7598951392 | boddisattva | In Buddhism, a person who is able to reach nirvana but delays doing so to remain on earth as a spiritual guide to others. | 80 | |
| 7598951393 | ganges | A holy river in Hinduism | 81 | |
| 7598951394 | Persepolis | The city created by Darius the Great as the grand capital of the Achaemenid Empire. | 82 | |
| 7598951395 | Pataliputra | Large city along the Ganges River which was the capital of the Mauyaran Empire | 83 | |
| 7598951396 | Paarsargad | A capital city created by Cyrus the Great | 84 | |
| 7598951397 | Constantinople | Large Roman trading city located on the straits between the Black and Mediterranean Seas. | 85 | |
| 7598951398 | Peter | Established an early Christian Church in Rome. Viewed by Christians as the first Pope. | 86 | |
| 7598951399 | ascetic | someone who forgoes traditional desires such as food, sex, and shelter-usually for religious reasons. | 87 | |
| 7598951400 | cynicism | a Hellenistic philosophical movement that rejected material wealth and traditional authority. | 88 |
AP World History Periodization Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 4742545670 | River Valley Civilization | DATES: 3000, 600 BCE BEGINNING: CITIES, WRITING MIDDLE: Complex Institutions, Mandate of Heaven, COde of Hammurabi END: Indo-European Nomads, Iron Metallurgy | 0 | |
| 4742609966 | Classical | DATES: 600 BCE,600 CE Beginning: Axial Age, Period of warring states Middle: Han, Rome, Gupta (LPEs), Silk Roads, Christianity END: Huns, Fall of Empires , Byzantine | 1 | |
| 4742610610 | Post Classical | DATES: 600 CE, 1450 CE Beginning: Islam, Caliphates, Feudalism MIDDLE: Silk, Sand and Sea, Sui/ Tang/Song,Swahil/Mali,Crusades End: Mongols and Turks, Aztec/Inca, Exploration/ Renaissance | 2 | |
| 4742681565 | Early Modern | Dates: 1450 CE, 1750 CE Beginning: Gunpowder empires , new world, Mercantilism, Protestant Reformation Middle: Colombian exchange, Silver/Sugar, Scientific Revolution END: Asian Isolation, Enlightenment, Capitalism | 3 | |
| 4742613666 | Long 19th Century | DATES: 1750 CE, 1900 CE Beginning: Industrial Revolution, Atlantic Revolution Middle: Core/periphery, Abolition END: POWRR-B, Indentured Servitude | 4 | |
| 4742613667 | Modern | DATES: 1900 CE, present Beginning: M.A.I.N, World wars, communism, consumerism Middle: Decolonization, Cold War, United Nation, Proxy Wars END: Green Revolution, Semi- Periphery, Neo- colonization, Economic Liberalism | 5 |
Ap World History: World Religions Flashcards
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| 7893332277 | Order | Judaism Hinduism Buddhism Christianity Islam | 0 | |
| 7893339388 | Order by region | •Mesopotamia; specifically Babylon •india •East and Southeast Asia •the eastern Mediterranean region of the Roman Empire. •the Middle East; specifically Saudi Arabia, Mecca, and Medina. | 1 | |
| 7893358014 | Order by sacred text | •Torah; Hebrew Bible; Old Testiment • Four Vedas •Eightfold Path • The Bible (the Old Testament as well as the New Testiment) • the Quran | 2 | |
| 7893368192 | Similarities of all 5 | 1. People are responsible for their own actions 2. Based on morality 3. All have a sacred text 4. All see this world as temporary | 3 | |
| 7893376904 | Similarity of Hinduism and Buddhism | Both are peaceful religions. | 4 | |
| 7893380585 | Difference of Islam and Christianity | Divorice is condemned in Christianity but is relatively easy and accepted for men in Islam. | 5 |
AP Human Geography - Unit 3B Language Flashcards
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| 7879165575 | creole | A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated. | 0 | |
| 7879165576 | dialect | A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation. | 1 | |
| 7879165577 | ebonics | A dialect spoken by some African Americans. | 2 | |
| 7879165578 | extinct language | A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used. | 3 | |
| 7879165579 | isogloss | A boundary that separates regions in which different languages usages predominate. | 4 | |
| 7879165580 | isolated language | A.K.A. language isolate; A language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any language family. | 5 | |
| 7879165581 | language | A system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning. | 6 | |
| 7879165582 | language branch | A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. Differences are not as extensive or as old as with language families, and archaeological evidence can confirm that the branches derived from the same family. | 7 | |
| 7879165583 | language family | A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history. | 8 | |
| 7879165584 | language group | A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary. | 9 | |
| 7879165585 | lingua franca | A language that is mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages. | 10 | |
| 7879165586 | literary tradition | A language that is written as well as spoken. | 11 | |
| 7879165587 | official language | The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents. | 12 | |
| 7879165588 | standard language | The form of a language used for official government business, education and mass communications. | 13 | |
| 7879165589 | pidgin language | A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca; used for communications among speakers of two different languages. | 14 | |
| 7879165590 | Received Pronunciation (RP) | The dialect of English associated with upper-class Britons living in London and now considered standard in the United Kingdom. | 15 | |
| 7879165591 | Spanglish | A combination of Spanish and English spoken by Hispanic Americans. | 16 | |
| 7879165592 | Vulgar Latin | A form of Latin used in daily conversations by ancient Romans, as opposed to the standard dialect, which was used for official documents. | 17 | |
| 7879165593 | accent | a distinctive way of pronouncing a language, especially one associated with a particular country, area, or social class. | 18 | |
| 7879165594 | slang | Informal, non-standard words and phrases. | 19 | |
| 7879165595 | logogram | A written character that represents a word or phrase; I.E. Chinese and Japanese characters, Egyptian hieroglyphs. |  | 20 |
| 7879165596 | phonogram | A written character that represents a sound. I.E. Latin alphabet, Korean Hangul. |  | 21 |
| 7879165597 | toponym | Name of a place. | 22 | |
| 7879165598 | vernacular | The language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people of a country or region. | 23 | |
| 7879165599 | Indo-European | The language family that is the most widely-spoken and has the largest number of speakers; Includes the Germanic, Romance, and Slavic branches (among many others). |  | 24 |
| 7879165600 | Sino-Tibetan | A language family that includes languages spoken in parts of China and Myanmar. |  | 25 |
| 7879165601 | Esperanto | A language not of any country or ethnic group; a neutral, international language. | 26 |
AP WORLD HISTORY: CHAPTER 2 Flashcards
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| 7324363985 | The territory of ancient Mesopotamia is presently occupied by which country? | Iraq | 0 | |
| 7324365977 | In what ways was Norte Chico different from Egypt and the Sumerian city-states? | - smaller cities - less evidence of economic specialization - not a grain-based farming - did not develop pottery or writing - lack of defensive walls - little evidence of warfare - Quipu-knotted string to count - record keeping | 1 | |
| 7324367688 | What is unique about the earliest Chinese civilizations and those that followed? | Idea of centralized state/government | 2 | |
| 7324369631 | By what authority did Chinese emperors rule? Why is this significant? | - mandate of heaven gives authority to rule - Because of the mandate he is the son of heaven | 3 | |
| 7324372486 | Which civilization is sometimes called the "mother civilization" of Mesoamerica? | Olmecs | 4 | |
| 7324372487 | What is the primary economic foundation for civilization? | Agriculture | 5 | |
| 7324376830 | What explanations have been advanced for the origins of the First Civilizations? | - they were needed for irrigation products - Populations grew (need complex structure) - Warfare and Trade - geography (luckiness) - Robert Carneiro theory | 6 | |
| 7324383027 | From where (which class/occupation) did many rulers of the First Civilizations arise? Why? | - high priest - their right to rule legitimated by association with the sacred | 7 | |
| 7324385401 | What are unique features of some cities in the First Civilizations? | - walls (Mesopotamia) - temples/ziggurats - large populations (Mesopotamia) - labor specialization - evidence of sewers (Indus River Valley) - social inequality - roads -agricultural techniques | 8 | |
| 7324399148 | What were some ways that class distinctions were displayed in the First Civilizations? | - special robes - banners - chariots - weapons - ornaments | 9 | |
| 7324401594 | In the First Civilizations, slaves were drawn from which pool of people? | - prisoners of war - criminals - debtors | 10 | |
| 7324403854 | Describe gender relations in the First Civilizations. | - gender inequality - lower class women had more freedom - women are defined by their relationship with men - women are weak but dangerous | 11 | |
| 7324406470 | In what ways did social class affect gender roles? | - women in the upper class were more restricted - women in lower were more free because of jobs | 12 | |
| 7324408173 | What are some possible explanations for the emergence of patriarchy in the First Civilizations? | laws that regulated female sexuality | 13 | |
| 7324410215 | How was patriarchy expressed in the First Civilizations? | - control of women's sexuality - veils determining "respectable" and "nonrespectable" women - powerful goddesses titles changed to more "nonpowerful" things such as home and hearth | 14 | |
| 7324412136 | How did the legal rights of women vary in the First Civilizations? | opportunities to initiate divorce in Egypt | 15 | |
| 7324414180 | What are the features of civilizations? | - cities - organized central governments - writing - job specialization - complex religions - public works - arts and architecture - social classes | 16 | |
| 7324424060 | What were some common features of kingships in the First Civilizations? | - use of religion to persuade people - kings were coercive - monumental architecture - writing used by early kings | 17 | |
| 7324426306 | What was unique about the role of Pharaohs in Egyptian civilization in comparison with leaders of other First Civilizations? | - considered a God - all have divine qualities | 18 | |
| 7324427880 | What was the relationship between religion and government in the First Civilization? What are some examples? | - chinese kings known as son of heaven - only rulers or priest can conduct rituals - pharaohs considered Gods and supernatural - monumental architecture - clothing/jewelery | 19 | |
| 7324429617 | Why did writing emerge in the First Civilizations? | - to keep track of who paid their taxes - sign of elite status - enable us to have law codes | 20 | |
| 7324431465 | How did rulers in the First Civilizations display their power? | - monumental agriculture - writing | 21 | |
| 7324434101 | How can the instability in ancient Mesopotamia be explained? | - lacked security - unpredictable environment | 22 | |
| 7324442965 | What differences existed between Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations? | - | 23 | |
| 7324444312 | Why did the power of the Egyptian pharaohs decline by 2400 BCE? | - eroded by local officials/nobles - later on, loses more power because Nile flooding and crops hurt | 24 | |
| 7324444313 | What evidence proves that there was interaction and exchange between the First Civilizations and the surrounding regions of the ancient world? | - horse-drawn chariots technologies - philosophy - when crops that are not usually there, are there | 25 | |
| 7324447939 | How do historians use the word "civilization"? | suggest refined behavior, a "higher" form of society, something unreservedly positive. | 26 |
AP World History - Period 4 (1450-1750) Flashcards
From the Spanish conquistadors to the Gunpowder Empires, and the Renaissance, the Reformations, and the Enlightenment in between- a recap of the early modern era.
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| 6022251298 | Early Modern Period | the time period of 1450 - 1750 (it is called this because events occurring in this time directly shape regional/political units of todays world) | 0 | |
| 6022251299 | Catholic Reformation | the church's actions to revive their reputation and membership roles in 1545 (regained control of most of southern Europe, Austria, Poland, and much of Hungary) | 1 | |
| 6022251300 | Jesuits | a religious order converting people to return to the church (went to Asia + Americas in 1500's) | 2 | |
| 6022251301 | Thirty Years War | War within the Holy Roman Empire between German Protestants and their allies (Sweden, Denmark, France) and the emperor and his ally, Spain; ended in 1648 after great destruction with Treaty of Westphalia | 3 | |
| 6022251302 | Treaty of Westphalia | Ended the 30 years war, allowing principalities and cities to choose their own religion, creating a patchwork of religious affiliations through England. | 4 | |
| 6022251303 | English Civil War | This was the revolution as a result of whether the sovereignty would remain with the king or with the Parliament. Eventually, the kingship was abolished. | 5 | |
| 6022251304 | Scientific Revolution | a new vision of science developed during the renaissance in the 17th + 18th century | 6 | |
| 6022251307 | Galileo | used the first telescope during the Renaissance in 1609, where he made many large discoveries in the solar system, until he was put under house arrest for spreading conflicting ideas | 7 | |
| 6022251308 | Isaac Newton | discovered the basic principles of motion + gravity, where he captured the vision of a entire universe in simple laws | 8 | |
| 6022251309 | Humanism | interest in the capabilities and accomplishments of individuals | 9 | |
| 6022251310 | Patrons | supporters of the arts, with payment and such, they found talented artists, often when they were young | 10 | |
| 6022251312 | Erasmus | a humanist Dutch priest that published the first edition of the New Testament in Greek in 1516 | 11 | |
| 6022251313 | Johan Gutenberg | a German goldsmith and printer, who created the printing press, in 1454 | 12 | |
| 6022251314 | Nicolo Machiavelli | a Renaissance writer who wrote, "The Prince" which was a famous philosophical view of the ideal political leader in the 16th century, in Italian city states | 13 | |
| 6022251315 | Protestant Reformation | a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches | 14 | |
| 6022251316 | Indulgences | The Catholic Church's grants of salvation for money in the 1500s, and was part of the growing corruption of the church. | 15 | |
| 6022251317 | John Calvin | A protestant who established a variation of his beliefs on a stern and vengeful God. | 16 | |
| 6022251318 | Anglican Church | A form of Christianity established by Henry VIII that was not decided on the grounds of religious belief, but because the pope would not allow him to divorce his wife. | 17 | |
| 6022251319 | Nicholas Copernicus | a Polish monk who based tables on those by Nasir Al-Din, an Islamic scholar, to correct inaccurate calendars. | 18 | |
| 6022251320 | Edict of Nantes | The granting of tolerance to Protestants through this, which was later revoked by King Louis XIV | 19 | |
| 6022251321 | Martin Luther | a German monk who wrote the 95 theses in 1517, which were 95 propositions that criticized the Catholic Church | 20 | |
| 6022251322 | Renaissance Man | Title of a person who was smart and genius in the Renaissance Era. | 21 | |
| 6022251323 | Deism | God built the universe and let it run. Clockmaker theory. | 22 | |
| 6022251324 | Land-based Powers | A shift in land based powers where governments controlled lands by building armies, bureaucracies, road, canals, and walls that unified and protected | 23 | |
| 6022251325 | Sea-based Powers | Sea people built their power by controlling water routes, developing technology to cross the seas, and gaining wealth from trade and land claims. | 24 | |
| 6022251326 | Renaissance | A heightened intellectual and artistic advance from about 1450s, that changed Europe forever | 25 | |
| 6022251327 | Adam Smith | He analyzed the natural law of supply and demand that governed economies in his classic book, "The Wealth of Nations" | 26 | |
| 6022251328 | New Monarchies | Monarchies that emerged that differed from their medieval predecessors in having greater centralization of power, more regional boundaries, and stronger representative institutions | 27 | |
| 6022251329 | Constitutional Monarchy | States where rulers shared power with a parliament, a body of representatives selected by the nobility and urban citizens | 28 | |
| 6022251330 | Gentry | the most powerful members of a society, and landowners that affected the style of the old aristocracy | 29 | |
| 6022251331 | Enlightenment | the emphasis on human abilities and accomplishments and the importance of independent and rational thought | 30 | |
| 6022251332 | John Locke | sought to understand the impact of the "laws of nature" on human liberties | 31 | |
| 6022251333 | Thomas Hobbes | English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679) | 32 | |
| 6022251334 | Montesquieu | admired the British Parliament that had successfully gained power at the expense of the king, who also advocated a three-branch government with three branches that shared political power | 33 | |
| 6022251335 | Voltaire | wrote witty criticisms of the French monarchy and the Roman Catholic Church. He believed both institutions to be despotic and intolerant, limiting freedoms | 34 | |
| 6022251336 | Rosseau | the most radical of the common philosophers, he proclaimed in his social context that "Man is born free: and everywhere he is in chains". Since society had "Corrupted" human nature, he advocated a return to nature in a small, co-op community | 35 | |
| 6022251337 | Hapsburg | A powerful family with land claims all over Europe from Spain to Italy to the Netherlands to Hungary, as all the Holy Roman Emperor's had been Hapsburg since 1273 | 36 | |
| 6022251338 | Holy Roman Empire | a place/time where religion remained very important, and religious issues continued to fragment, and strong kings emerged in the 16th century | 37 | |
| 6022251339 | Reconquest | the retaking of land in Iberia by Spain and Portugal in a religious crusade to expand. This conquest advanced in waves over several centuries. | 38 | |
| 6022251340 | Phillip II | ruled Spain at the height of its power in the 15th century | 39 | |
| 6022251341 | Divine Right | with God's blessing of the king's authority, the legitimacy of royalty across Europe was enhanced, and occurred under the reign of Louis XIV during the 17th and 18th centuries | 40 | |
| 6022251342 | Louis XIV | Understood the importance of a "theatre state", by building a magnificent palace at Versailles, and the apex of absolutism occurred under him | 41 | |
| 6022251343 | Absolute Monarchies vs. limited monarchies | absolute monarchies held complete control over their kingdom vs. the limited power. | 42 | |
| 6022251344 | Capitalism | an economic system based on private ownership of property and business that provide goods to be bough and sold in a free manner | 43 | |
| 6022251345 | Mercantilism | the responsibility of government to promote the states economy to improve the revenues and limit imports to prevent profits from going to outsiders (allows industry to develop their own business) | 44 | |
| 6022251346 | Joint-stock Companies | these companies organized commercial ventures on a large scale by allowing investors to buy and sell shares. The new capitalist system largely replaced the old guild system of the middle ages. | 45 | |
| 6022251347 | Putting out system | the concept of producing goods in the countryside outside the guilds control by delivering raw materials to their homes, where they are transformed into finished products to be used up later | 46 | |
| 6022251348 | Bourgeoise | middle class; factory owners who put long hours and much of their profits into their businesses | 47 | |
| 6022251349 | Balance of Power | states forming a temporary alliance to prevent the state form being too powerful. (Russia emerged as a major power in Europe after its mediterranean armies got Sweden in the GNW) | 48 | |
| 6022251350 | Versailles | a place where Louis' palace was built symbolizing the French's triumph over the traditional rights of the nobility and clergy. This kept nobles away from plotting rebellions, and 'distracted europe'. | 49 | |
| 6022251351 | Zheng He | led expiditions in Chinese junks across the atlantic ocean, with one goal being to assert Chinas power after the demise of the Yuan dynasty. | 50 | |
| 6022251352 | Yongle | something of a renegade who supported a series of seven maritimes expeditions. Chinese vessels started to take tribute from those they encountered. | 51 | |
| 6022251353 | Henry the Navigator | the third son of the portuguese king; devoted his life to navigation, creating a navigation school, which became a magnet for the cartographers of the world | 52 | |
| 6022251354 | Caravel | a new ship developed by the portuguese, which was much smaller than the junk, but size allowed for exploration of shallower coastal areas | 53 | |
| 6022251355 | Vasco da Gama | set out to find the tip of Africa and connect it to the Indian Ocean, and discovered the fastest and safest ways to travel to Portugal | 54 | |
| 6022251356 | Christopher Columbus | A Genoese mariner who convinced Isabella and Ferdinand to sponsor a voyage across the Atlantic after he was turned down by the Genoese and Portugal. He believed he could reach east Asia by sailing West. | 55 | |
| 6022251357 | Treaty of Tordesillas "Tortillas" | a treaty making Spain and Portugal land claim boundary. Portugal pushes its explorations to India and beyond. | 56 | |
| 6022251358 | Magellan | had a ship that was first to circumnavigate the glove, even though Magellan himself died in the phillipines | 57 | |
| 6022251359 | Conquistadors | went to search for gold and convert the natives to Christianity in the interior of Mexico | 58 | |
| 6022251360 | Cortes | sought to find the Aztec capital, and took over the Aztec land - with help of Amerindians, disease, and technology | 59 | |
| 6022251361 | Moctezuma | the Aztec emperor, who welcome the Spaniards at Tenochtitlan, seeing them as god-like. This was a mistake, as this allowed everyone to conquer him. | 60 | |
| 6022251362 | Francisco Pizzaro | led a group of soldiers to the Andes to find the Inca. The Incas were weak; Pizzaro conquered and got gold. | 61 | |
| 6022251363 | Atahualpa | the leader of the Incas, who was seized by Pizzaro and gave gold to him, first baptized as a Christian, than strangled | 62 | |
| 6022251364 | Ethnocentrism | the term that describes the tendency of human beings to view their own culture as superior | 63 | |
| 6022251365 | De La Casas | a conquistador priest who dedicated himself to protecting Amerindian rights | 64 | |
| 6022251366 | Franciscans | peoples who converted new world people to christianity, and took care of the poor. | 65 | |
| 6022251367 | Encomenderos | Spanish settlers who were in charge of the natives working on the encomiendas | 66 | |
| 6022251368 | Peninsularies | a fading social class in the new world, composed of the people born in the old world | 67 | |
| 6022251369 | Mestizos | composed of European and Amerindian children, part of the castas | 68 | |
| 6022251370 | Mulattoes | composed of European and African children, also part of the castas | 69 | |
| 6022251371 | Council of Indies | supervised all government and commercial activity in the Spanish colonies | 70 | |
| 6022251372 | Bartholomew Dias | set out to find the tip of Africa and connect beyond it to the Indian Ocean, as well as discovering the fastest and safest ways back to Portugal | 71 | |
| 6022251373 | Encomienda | the system in which conquistadors had forced natives to do work for them | 72 | |
| 6022251374 | Creoles | composed of those born in the new world; a quickly growing class | 73 | |
| 6022251375 | Castas | a middle-level status between Europeans at the top; and Amerindians and blacks at the bottom | 74 | |
| 6022251376 | Protestant work ethic | a work ethic of the protestants that encouraged individual endeavors towards gaining wealth | 75 | |
| 6022251377 | Dutch East India Company | a joint stock company that specialized in the spice and luxury trade of the East Indies and quickly gained control of Dutch Trading in the Pacific | 76 | |
| 6022251378 | Lost Colony | The colony of Walter Raleigh, as well as the first venture to North America by the British on the Carolina Coast. | 77 | |
| 6022251379 | Mercantilism | a system in which the government is constantly intervened in the market, with the understanding the goal of economic gain and to benefit the mother country | 78 | |
| 6022251380 | Indentured Servitude | a system which was usually ethnically the same as a free settler, but he or she was bound by an "indenture" (contract) to work for a person for four to seven years, in exchange for payment of the new world voyage | 79 | |
| 6022251381 | Columbian exchange | the global diffusion of crops, other plants, human beings, animals, and distance that took place after the European exploring voyages of the New World | 80 | |
| 6022251382 | Atlantic Circuit | a clockwise network of sea routs in the Atlantic Ocean | 81 | |
| 6022251383 | Middle Passage | the first leg of the atlantic circuit, where ships took slaves to the new world | 82 | |
| 6022251384 | Manila Galleons | ships that traveled across the pacific ocean picking up and trading goods, like Asian luxury goods, and silver | 83 | |
| 6022251389 | Plantocracy | a small number of rich men owns most of the slaves and land, as well as had all the power | 84 | |
| 6022251391 | Manumission | legal grant of freedom to an individual slave | 85 | |
| 6022251392 | Maroons | runaway slaves in the Carribean | 86 | |
| 6022251393 | Kongo | Christian missionaries went to this kingdom just south of the Congo River, where Christian Missionaries converted its inhabitants to Christianity | 87 | |
| 6022251394 | African Diaspora | The spreading of Africans to many other parts of the world, especially the Americas. This is one of the most important demographic changes during 1450 - 1750 | 88 | |
| 6022251395 | Asante | Produced insignificant amounts of gold and Kola nuts, they rose in West Africa on the Gold Coast. | 89 | |
| 6022251396 | Benin | Not really a significant player in the slave trade - relied on traditional products, such as ivory, textiles, and their unique bronze castings | 90 | |
| 6022251397 | Dahomey | a kingdom that used firearms to create its powerbase, in Contrast to the Asante, the Dahomey leaders were authoritarian, and often brutal in forcing compliance to the royal court | 91 | |
| 6022251398 | Cape Colony | one of the two beachland colonies established by the Europeans in the 16th century, functioned as a major coastal for travelers. | 92 | |
| 6022251399 | Hidden Imam | the 12th descendant of Muhammad, who in the end disappeared as a child | 93 | |
| 6022251400 | Shah Abbas I | brought the Safavids to the peak of the power, slave infantrymen | 94 | |
| 6022251401 | Devshirme | a system that required Christian's of the area to contribute young boys to be the sultans slaves | 95 | |
| 6022251402 | Qizilbash | fought against Janissaries in a great religious conflict. (Chaldiran) | 96 | |
| 6022251403 | Battle of Chaldrian | The Shi'ite versus Sunni conflict at Chaldrian over religious differences, that set the limits for Shi'ite expansion | 97 | |
| 6022251404 | Isfahan vs. Istanbul | These two places differed in the sense the first was far from cosmopolitan, Shi'ite, and have international trade, while the latter had more numerous, and guilds organized merchants | 98 | |
| 6022251405 | Gunpowder Empires | an age of time where almost all powerful states used guns to build control/attack (included Russia, Ming and Qing, Japan, the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid and the Mughal empire) | 99 | |
| 6022251406 | Suleiman the Magnificent | ruled the Ottomans as the empire reached the height of its power. The Ottomans controlled much of the water traffic between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean sea | 100 | |
| 6022251407 | Janissaries | Checked the military power of the sultan, being an elite military group | 101 | |
| 6022251408 | Vizier | head of the imperial administration in the Ottoman empire who took care of the day to day work of the empire, aiding the Sultan | 102 | |
| 6022251409 | Ottoman Lake | the Mediterranean Sea controlled by the empire with this name | 103 | |
| 6022251410 | Battle at Lepanto | a famous sea battle with the Ottomans vs Philip II. Ottomans and their Muslim allies lost control of many ports in this war. | 104 | |
| 6022251411 | Safavid Empire | an empire that grew from a turkish nomadic group, that were Shi'ite muslims | 105 | |
| 6022251412 | Imams | heirs of Muhammad according to Shi'ite muslims | 106 | |
| 6022251413 | Ismail | a person who united a large area south of the caspian sea and of the Ottoman empire. An army emerged under him, as well as declared Twelver shi'ism for his new Safavid realm | 107 | |
| 6022251414 | Twelver shi'ism | a religion based on Muslim beliefs, as well as the 'hidden Imam' | 108 | |
| 6022251415 | Mansabs | certain ranks in government by Akbar, which entitled their holder to revenue assignments | 109 | |
| 6022251416 | Babur | founded the Mughal empire, claimed to be a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan (1526) | 110 | |
| 6022251417 | Purdah | a woman's seclusion from society in India, which was more enforced for upper class women, who did not leave home unescorted | 111 | |
| 6022251418 | Akbar | the grandson of Babur, who brought the height of the Mughal empire. Also expanded his empire to control much of the subcontinent. | 112 | |
| 6022251419 | Taj Mahal | a building of beauty built as a tomb for Mumtaz Mahal's wife. | 113 | |
| 6022251420 | Sati | the ritual suicide of widows by jumping into their husbands pyres, representing the low status of women | 114 | |
| 6022251421 | Divine Faith | a combination religion consisting of Muslim, Zorastriam, Christian, Sikh beliefs, with the catch being cementing loyalty to the empreror | 115 | |
| 6022251422 | Mughal Empire | an empire that that was a mixture of Mongol and Turkish peoples from Central Asia, which dominated India until the early 1700s | 116 | |
| 6022251423 | Sikhism | started by Nanuk, who became the first Guru of Sikhism. Sikhism was a following of people who formed a community free of caste divisions | 117 | |
| 6022251424 | Army of the Pure | an army led to challenge the Mughal army and to assert Sikh beliefs aggressively; combined with other upheavel of the 18th century to seriously weaken the Mughal empire | 118 | |
| 6022251425 | Fetehpur Silkri | Akbar's entirely new capital city, showing the Mughal love for magnificent architecture. | 119 | |
| 6022251426 | Rajputs | Hindu warriors from the north, who made up 15 percent of Mansabars | 120 | |
| 6022251427 | Ivan IV | Ivan the Terrible (his nickname) reflected problems that tsars faced as power increased | 121 | |
| 6022251428 | Great Northern War | War that was long and costly which came from Peter's modernized armies breaking Swedish control of the Baltic Sea, forcing Europe to see Russia as a major power | 122 | |
| 6022251429 | Kabuki | a form of drama that consisted of several acts and separate skits with singing, dancing, and elaborate staging. (Actors became well known starts) | 123 | |
| 6022251430 | Ivan III | declared himself as "tsar" (means Caesar) with the claim he was establishing the "Third Rome" | 124 | |
| 6022251431 | Cossacks | Peasants, who Ivan III consolidated land hold by recruiting them | 125 | |
| 6022251432 | Boyars | The nobility of the Russia feudal based economic system. They also had military responsibilities to overlords, including the tsar | 126 | |
| 6022251433 | Time of Trouble | The time of following Ivan's rule. Ivan executed his oldest son, touching off competition among Boyars for the throne. | 127 | |
| 6022251434 | Peter the Great | The tsar of Russia in 1682 to 1724, who was most responsible for transforming Russia into a great world power. He understood how things worked globally, and expanded water ports | 128 | |
| 6022251435 | St. Petersburg | The "Window to the West" established by Peter the Great, which was a capital built on the shoes of the newly accessed Baltic Sea (a port for the new navy + allowed closer access to western countries) | 129 | |
| 6022251436 | Table of Ranks | A system by Peter the Great that allowed officials to attain gov't posistions based on merit, not on aristocracy status (reorganization of Bureaucracy) | 130 | |
| 6022251437 | Tsar | a derivative of "Caesar", establishing a "3rd rome". This was a major propaganda for Russia | 131 | |
| 6022251438 | Daimyo | power territorial lords, who held local control of areas. Some Daimyos had more influence than others, but each maintained his own governments and had his own samurai | 132 | |
| 6022251439 | Toyotomi Hideyoshi | a competent, Daimyo general who broke the power of warring daimyos and eventually unified Japan under his own authority. His ambitions stretched far, and he sparked the Unification of Japan | 133 | |
| 6022251440 | Tokigawa legasu | led the meetings of Daimyos after Hideyoshi's death, by the Togugawa shogunate | 134 | |
| 6022251441 | Tokugawa Shogunate | a centralized government established in 1603 in present day Tokyo. Also called "Ba***u", was a tent government, which was temporary | 135 | |
| 6022251442 | Alternate attendance | Required Daimyos to spend every other year at the Tokugawa court, keeping their power in check. Weakened in two ways: their wealth was affected by having two households, and their ability to establish separate power bases was impaired | 136 | |
| 6022251443 | Floating Worlds | Settings for the Kabuki plays, which consisted of an urban jumble of buildings, allowing people to escape from the rigid public decorum in outside society | 137 | |
| 6022251444 | Banraku | a pupper theater with a team of 3 that told a story through puppets in Japan | 138 | |
| 6022251445 | Queue | a Manchu style patch of hair gathered long and uncut in the back, showing submission to the Qing dynasty | 139 | |
| 6022251446 | Kangxi | one of the rulers of the Manchu dynasty, helped to create a prosperous, powerful, and culturally rich empire. A sophisticated confucian scholar as well. His reign brought an empire that grew dramatically. | 140 | |
| 6022251447 | Macartney Mission | the dispatch of Lord Macartney with other people to China, showing Britain's great interest in the Qing empire, as well the d Macartney esire to reuse the trade system | 141 | |
| 6022251448 | Matteo Ricci | A Jesuit missionary who helped to try and convert emperor Wudi. Though failed at primary goal, they did open the country to European influence, primarily through their gadgets and technology | 142 | |
| 6022251449 | Qing Dynasty | The name of the empire after the Ming; seized China from the emperors who could no longer defend their borders from the Manchu | 143 | |
| 6022251450 | Forbidden City | was the home of the emperor and his family, which expanded service people to 20,000; as the government returned to Beijing from Manjing | 144 | |
| 6022251451 | Kowtow | a special, often deep bow to the Chinese emperor. In the Qing dynasty, those who came to see the emperor had to do a special bow consisting of 3 separate kneeling | 145 | |
| 6022251452 | Qianlong | a ruler of the Manchu dynasty who helped to create a prosperous, powerful, and culturally rich empire. He brought much prosperity that he cancelled taxes 4 times | 146 |
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