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Animal Nutrition Flashcards

4976963339	the study of feedstuffs and their efficiency utilization by livestock in producing animal products such as: meat, milk wool and work	animal nutrition	0
4976969863	_______ is the largest production cost in the livestock industry (60-75%)	feed costs	1
4976978292	a feed constituent that is absorbed from the digestive tract and metabolized by the body to support life	nutrient	2
4976991969	6 classes of nutrients	water fats vitamins carbohydrates proteins minerals	3
4976999532	nutrients that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be supplied though the diet	essential nutrients	4
4977005046	water comprises ____% of the body weight	70-75%	5
4977005196	functions of water	transport media for metabolic Rxns Thermoregulation lubricant gives cells shape	6
4977015730	what is the most highly consumed nutrient?	water	7
4977023835	animals will die more quickly from lack of _________ than lack of any other nutrient	water	8
4977029129	the older the animals is and the fatter the animal is the less ___________ is retained	water	9
4977031994	average daily consumption of water in swine	1.5 - 3 gal / day	10
4977037428	average daily consumption of water in cattle	10 - 14 gal / day	11
4977042424	average daily consumption of water in horses	10 - 14 gal / day	12
4977047218	average daily consumption of water in sheep	1 - 3 gal / day	13
4977081873	elements in carbs	C H O(low)	14
4977087158	nutrient whose primary function is to provide energy (ATP)	carbohydrate	15
4977108569	heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degrees Celsius	Calorie (1 kcal =1000cal = 1 Cal)	16
4977148032	energy content of carbohydrates	4.2 kcal / g	17
4977172607	simple sugars consisting of 5-6 carbons	monosaccharides	18
4977180831	4 prominent monosaccharides	glucose fructose galactose ribose/deoxyribose	19
4977193954	process of turning glucose into energy (ATP)	glycolysis	20
4977201309	3 prominent disaccharides	sucrose (Glu+Fru) lactose (Glu+Gal) maltose (Glu+Glu)	21
4977235364	5 prominent polysaccharides	starch glycogen cellulose hemicellulose lignin	22
4977259466	bonded by a 1-4 linkages broken down by amylase energy storage in plants found in concentrates	starches (Glu)n	23
4977280179	high energy, low fiber feedstuff that is highly digestible (ex. corn, grain, sorghum, wheat)	concentrate	24
4977288546	animal starch; stored in liver and muscle	glycogen	25
4977297964	bonded by B 1-4 linkages broken down by cellulase found in cell wall lowly digestible found in roughages	cellulose (Glu)n	26
4977302954	high fiber, low energy feedstuff that is lowly digestible (ex. hay, pasture, and silage)	roughage	27
4977309083	indigestible carb	lignin	28
4977313336	a and B 1-4 linkages in this carb	hemicellulose	29
4977317949	energy source of fats/lipids	9.45 kcal / g	30
4977326423	functions of carbs (2)	energy source fiber content	31
4977333974	_______% of dry matter in feedstuff is carbs	50-75%	32
4977343715	laxative effect healthy lining and muscle tone of digestive tract correct fx of GI tract	fiber	33
4977347180	elements in fats/lipids	C H O(low)	34
4977360684	simple lipids; composed of a glycerol and 3 fatty acids; formed by condensation Rxn	triglycerides	35
4977378850	2 Carbon fatty acid =	acetic acid	36
4977383404	2 types of fatty acids	saturated (no C=C) unsaturated (>1 C=C)	37
4977400321	primarily saturated and/or long chain fatty acids; come from animals	fats (solid)	38
4977405330	short chain and/or unsaturated fatty acids; come from plants	oils (liquid)	39
4977431494	________ _________ can impact the physical characteristics of carcass fat in monogastrics (ex. peanuts to pigs)	dietary lipids	40
4977439140	3 essential fatty acids	linoleic acid linolenic acid arachidonic acid	41
4977446342	linoleic acid synthesizes __________ acid	arachidonic acid	42
4977450244	3 compound lipids	glycolipids lipoproteins phospholipids	43
4977460809	3 classifications of fats/lipids	simples lipids compound lipids sterols	44
4977468165	involved in membrane structure and a precursor for other compounds	cholesterol	45
4977470595	steroid hormones	testosterone, estrogen	46
4977478475	3 types of sterols	cholesterol steroid hormones vitamin precursors (D)	47
4977485024	functions of fats/lipids	storage form of metabolic fuel transport energy absorb vitamins protect/insulate vital organs hormone precursors juiciness and flavor	48
4977515740	feedstuffs generally contain _______% fat/lipid, except for oilseed which contain up to _____%	1-4% and 18%	49
4977520855	elemental components of proteins	C H O N S	50
4977525977	primary function to provide building blocks for animal proteins	protein in feedstuff	51
4977531191	essential amino acids (20 total)	Methionine Arginine Threonine Tryptophan Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Valine Phenylalanine	52
4977558162	glycine, tyrosine, cysteine	semi-essental amino acids	53
4977565193	alanine, aspartic acid, glutamine, glutamic acid, serine, asparagine, proline	non-essential animo acids	54
4977573478	proteins are chains of amino acids that are linked by ___________ _________; formed by condensation Rxn	peptide bonds	55
4977576004	2 amino acids	dipeptide	56
4977576005	more than 2 amino acids	polypeptide	57
4977584164	functions of proteins	structure (muscle, hair, feather, cell wall) regulation protection energy	58
4977600324	energy of proteins	4 kcal / g	59
4977607622	regulation and protection proteins	enzymes hormones antibodies hemoglobin	60
4977612337	determined by the ability of an animal to digest and utilize the protein	protein quality	61
4977620673	crude protein of feedstuffs is calculated based on _____________ content	Nitrogen	62
4977624553	protein contains about _____% Nitrogen	16%	63
4977627017	%CP =	%Nitrogen x 6.25	64
4977637617	urea, uric acid, and molasses based supplements	non-protein nitrogen	65
4977654529	mammals cannot use _______________ __________ but microorganisms in the rumen can use them to synthesize microbial proteins	non-protein nitrogen	66
4977664085	large organic molecules needed in small amounts by animals	vitamins	67
4977668376	2 categories of vitamins	fat soluble water soluble	68
4977671767	list of fat soluble vitamins	A D E K	69
4977681481	mainly B vitamins, biotin, choline, folic acid, niacin, ....	water soluble vitamins	70
4977686760	vitamin requirements for monogastrics	ALL (fat+water)	71
4977692798	vitamin requirements for ruminants	fat soluble only (except for K bc it can be synthesized in rumen)	72
4977696819	functions of vitamins	metabolism absorption digestion	73
4977705869	vitamin important in maintaining body linings	A	74
4977708218	vitamin thats a blood clotting factor	K	75
4977710050	vitamin that prevents white muscle disease	E	76
4977713106	vitamin that stimulates bone metabolism	D	77
4977719261	chemical elements other than C H O and N needed for metabolism	minerals	78
4977719262	categories of minerals	macro micro/trace	79
4977733639	minerals needed and found in large quantities; Ca, P, Na, K, Cl, Mg, S	Macro	80
4977740105	minerals needed and found in small quantities; Cr, Co, Cu, I, Fe, Mn, Zn	Micro/trace	81
4977740113	functions of minerals	structure (bone growth) metabolism (cofactors/coenzymes, energy storage) fluid balance (osmotic pressure) part of other compounds (Co->B12, I->thyroid, Fe->globin) nerve and muscle fxn	82
4977765127	3 types of concentrates	cereal grains (energy) oilseeds (protein) by-products	83
4977785740	examples of cereal grains	corn oats wheat sorghum barley rye	84
4977790029	examples of oilseeds	soybean cottonseed linseed	85
4977798189	examples of by-products	beet pulp molasses whey animal fat chicken litter	86
4977804352	2 types of roughages	legumes (^protein) grasses (^fiber)	87
4977811579	examples of legumes	clover alfalfa	88
4977815438	examples of grasses	bermuda grass bahia grass fescue	89
4977821389	forms of roughages	pasture hay (dried) silage/haylage (wet -> fermentation)	90
4977836054	separation of feed components into groups based on their feeding value	proximate analysis	91
4977844847	6 components of proximate analysis	moisture (water) crude protein crude fat (fat soluble vita) crude fiber (carbs) nitrogen-free extract (carbs, polysacc, water soluble vita) ash (minerals)	92
4977867232	the amount of a nutrient that is absorbed in the digestive tract; difference in nutrient content btw intake and excretion	digestibility	93
4977875074	% digestibility =	( nutrient in feed - nutrient in feces ) / nutrient in feed x 100	94
4977882292	digestibility of fat	70%	95
4977884675	digestibility of protein	77%	96
4977889948	which nutrients contribute to energy content of feeds?	carb fat protein	97
4977893149	2 methods to estimate energy content of feeds	total digestible nutrients metabolize energy and net energy (more accurate)	98
4977909727	based on the proximate analysis and digestibility measures for a feed; = digestible protein + d fat(x2.25) + d fiber + d N-free extract	total digestible nutrients (TDN)	99
4977917955	5 processes in proximate analysis	Drying Cooking N-Analyzer/Combustion Ether Extraction Polarizer Acid/base Extraction	100
4977927148	drying process in proximate analysis	100 C for 4 hrs separates moisture and dry matter	101
4977930199	cooking process in proximate analysis	600 C for 4-6 hrs separates ash and organic matter	102
4977946717	N-analyzer/Combustion in proximate analysis	%N x 6.25 = CP separates protein and non-nitrogen material	103
4977951637	Ether extraction Polarizer in proximate analysis	takes out non-polar fat separates fat and carbs	104
4977959902	Acid/base extraction in proximate analysis	separates fiber and N-free extract	105
5122310430	the amount of a nutrient that is absorbed in the digestive tract	digestibility	106
5122313180	digestibility is the difference in nutrient content between ________ and ____________	intake and excretion	107
5122314044	equation for digestibility	(nutrient in feed - nutrient in feces) / nutrient in feed x 100%	108
5122323634	factors influencing TDN	dry matter content nutrient digestibility ash content fat content	109
5122363331	1st step in MENE	Total Energy ---> Digestible Energy 20-40% loss in Feces	110
5122367454	2nd step in MENE	Digestible Energy ---> Metabolize Energy 5-12% loss in Urine and Gases	111
5122369872	3rd step in MENE	Metabolize Energy ---> Net Energy 25% loss in form of Heat	112
5122371822	last step in MENE	Net Energy ---> Maintenance or Net Energy ---> Production (gain, lactation)	113
5122376385	nutrients for livestock provided from a mixture of multiple feedstuffs	diet	114
5122380906	_______ _________ is used to calculate a specific percentage diet from concentrate feedstuffs by using a diagram	pearson square	115
5122389239	maintenance requirements of the animal are based on ________ and __________ ___________	size and metabolic weight	116
5122391010	3 functions of Maintenance Requirements	maintain tissue balance provide energy replace nutrients lost through basal metabolism	117
5122394029	metabolic weight =	( body weight ) ^ 0.75	118
5122398920	about _____________ of the nutrients fed to livestock are used for maintenance	50% / half	119
5122403858	nutrient % for maintenance in feedlot situation	30-40%	120
5122405018	nutrient % for maintenance in mature breeding animal	>85%	121
5122408393	nutrients provided in excess of maintenance requirements can be used for ________________	production	122
5122410594	4 ways Nutrient Utilization is used for Production	Skeletal & Muscle Growth Reproduction Milk/Wool Production Work	123
5122416735	simple stomach animals usually with an acid environment; ex pig, horse, chicken, human	monogastrics	124
5122419306	2 component functions of the Mouth	chewing/mastication, and salivation	125
5122420778	functions of salivation	adds moisture lubricates source of enzymes for monogastrics buffers pH (bicarbonate salts)	126
5122423541	component function of Esophagus	passageway for food from mouth to stomach (or mouth to reticulo-rumen in ruminants)	127
5122424150	component function of Stomach	storage and digestion of food muscle contractions-> physical breakdown	128
5122431424	fiction of HCl in stomach	lowers pH kills bacteria activates enzymes (pepsin and rennin)	129
5122433801	enzymes in the stomach	Pepsin Rennin limited Lipase	130
5122434545	pepsin function	protein degredation	131
5122435984	rennin function	coagulates milk protein	132
5122441651	name of food content moving from stomach --> small intestine	chyme	133
5122443450	component function of small intestine	main point of digestion and absorption	134
5122444364	3 sections of the small intestine	1st - duodenum middle - jejunum end - ileum	135
5122447431	digestion transitions in the small intestine	polypeptides --> animo acids starch --> monosaccharides lipids --> fatty acids	136
5122451265	digestive organs associated with small intestine	Gall Bladder Bile Pancreas	137
5122452807	secretes bile produced in the liver; horses don't have one	gall bladder	138
5122453417	encapsulates and degrades fats	bile	139
5122454808	secretes enzymes into the duodenum to breakdown macromolecules ; also secretes insulin and glucagon to control blood glucose levels	pancreas	140
5122457672	food sources of carbs (4)	starch maltose lactose sucrose	141
5122460115	starch .....	amylase saliva , pancreas maltose	142
5122462303	maltose ....	maltase small intestine / duo glucose	143
5122463053	lactose....	lactase small intestine/ duo glu + galactose	144
5122464798	sucrose .....	sucrase small intestine/ duo glu +fructose	145
5122468047	food source of fats (1)	lipids	146
5122469070	lipid ......	lipase stomach, pancreas monoglycerides, glycerol, fatty acids	147
5122471596	food sources of proteins (6)	milk protein protein polypeptides peptides dipeptides nucleoproteins	148
5122474385	milk protein ....	rennin stomach coagulated milk protein	149
5122475700	protein.....	pepsin + HCl stomach polypeptides	150
5122478807	polypeptides (ends-peptidase) .......	trypsin, and chymotrypsin pancreas peptides	151
5122484383	peptides (eco-peptidase) ......	carboxypeptidase \|\| aminopeptidase pancreas \|\| small intestine/ duo peptides + Amino Acid	152
5122487941	dipeptides .......	dipiptidase small intestine/ duo amino acids	153
5122490809	nucleoproteins .....	nucleotidase \|\| nucleosidase small intestine " nucleotides, nucleosides \|\| purines , pyrimidines	154
5122506838	metabolites travel to the _________ and are further metabolized or detoxified	liver	155
5122507537	3 components of large intestine	cecum colon rectum	156
5122510268	blind end of the anterior large intestine	cecum/ proximal colon	157
5122511198	importance of proximal colon/cecum in horses	site of microbial digestion microbes digest cellulose and produce volatile fatty acids	158
5122513440	major site of water absorption	colon	159
5122513935	expels material out of the body	rectum	160
5122515278	4-footed, even-toed, cud-chewing animals which have a stomach congestion of four divisions	ruminants	161
5122515279	4 chambers of ruminant stomach (in order)	rumen reticulum omasum abomasum	162
5122518333	foregut fermenters	cattle, sheep, goat	163
5122519233	hind-gut fermenters	horse, rabbit	164
5122521996	describe cow's mouth	dental pad, no upper teeth long papillae tongue for no enzymes	165
5122523089	describe sheep/goat mouth	split lip = close grazers dental pad no enzymes	166
5122534035	anaerobic cat; ~60% of stomach capacity (cow = 40gal); major site of fermentation	rumen	167
5122535848	functions of Papillae in Rumen	absorption inc surface area ionophores (buffer) fatty acid saturase (unsat --> sat)	168
5122540474	separates reticulum from rumen	reticulo-rumen fold	169
5122543226	when foreign objects migrate through rumen to abdominal cavity/thoracic cavity and cause infection	hardware disease	170
5122544398	distribution of particles in the Reticulum	heavy particles settle and stay light particles float to rumen	171
5122546853	5% of ruminant stomach capacity; honeycomb tripe	reticulum	172
5122547462	functions of omasum	water absorption sorting/grinding hard	173
5122551124	glandular / true / acid stomach in ruminants	abomasum	174
5122551789	secretions of the abomasum	HCl pepsin lysozyme (break down cell wall)	175
5122558476	structure present in baby ruminants where milk passes directly to the abomasum	reticular/esophageal groove	176
5122561939	rumen ______________ occurs when mothers groom their calves or when cows groom other cows and transfer their enzymes and bacteria to other cows	immunization	177
5122562424	symbiosis in the rumen	Ruminants provide home and food for anaerobic microbes, and microbes give proteins, vitamins, and digestibility	178
5122567914	aka cud chewing ; regurgitation of ingesta from the reticulum --> remastication --> reswallowing	rumination	179
5122572458	burping in cows, to prevent bloating	eructation	180
5122575319	Beta 1-4 bonded glucose chains that require cellulase to break down	cellulose	181
5122578652	microbes produce __________ ___________ __________ as they breakdown cellulose and other fibrous food components	volatile fatty acids	182
5122583964	VFA usage =	energy requirements	183
5122586573	converts VFAs to glucose (energy) through gluconeogenesis for use in fatty acid synthesis	liver	184
5122594099	how can RUP (rumen undigestible proteins) bypass the rumen	acid soluble coatings	185
5122601094	in most ruminants, and horses, chewing occurs only on ____ ______	one side	186
5122606195	muscle that keeps the food in the stomach from coming back up the esophagus	pyloric valve	187
5122609185	1st stop at digestion for chickens	crop	188
5122609851	true stomach in chickens	proventriculous	189
5122612261	highly muscular, hard organ that grinds and breaks down feed in chickens	gizzard	190
5122614712	organ of ruminants that is similar to appendix in humans	cecum	191

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AP Language lesson 1 Flashcards

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7398890085	apocryphal (adj)	Of dubious authenticity or origin	0
7398890086	Arcane (adj)	Understood by only a few; mysterious	1
7398890087	convene (v)	To summon or cause to assemble	2
7398890088	Expedient (adj)	Convenient; concerned primarily or exclusively with serving one's own interests	3
7398890089	Exude (v)	To flow out slowly; exhibit in abundance	4
7398890090	Gesticulate	To motion energetically with the body or limbs	5
7398890091	Imperturbable (adj.)	Calm and assured	6
7398890092	Increment	An increase, addition or gain	7
7398890093	levity (n)	Excessive frivolity, lack of seriousness	8
7398890094	mortify	To embarrass or humiliate	9
7398890095	Periphery	Area around the edges	10
7398890096	Ranconteur	One who tells stories with wit and skill	11
7398890097	Reiterate (v)	To say or do over again, repeat	12
7398890098	Subterfuge (n)	A deceptive scheme or strategy	13
7398890099	Vacillate (v)	To move back and forth, waved	14

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AP Literature terms Flashcards

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7220754509	alliteration	same letter/sound at the beginning of a word	0
7220754510	allegory	metaphor to real world issue or event	1
7220755916	allusion	indirect passing reference	2
7220757530	anastrophe	inversion of a usual	3
7220761556	antagonist	bad guy	4
7220762775	antithesis	person/thing opposite of something/someone	5
7220766399	apostrophe	speech or open addressed to someone (topically dead)	6
7220766995	archetype	typical example of person/thing	7
7220768307	assonance	repetition of a vowel	8
7220770235	blank verse	verse without rhyme	9
7220770711	chiasmus	words repeated in reverse order	10
7220777227	conceit	kind of metaphor that compares two very unlike things in a surprising and clever way	11
7220778266	connotation	idea or feeling	12
7220778522	consonance	repetition of a consonant sound	13
7220780400	exposition	explanation of idea/theory	14
7220781627	rising action	suspense creator	15
7220781950	conflict	disagreement/clash	16
7220783181	climax	most important/exciting part	17
7220786138	falling action	aftermath of climax	18
7220786525	resolution	solution/worked out	19
7220786797	denouement	resolution	20
7220787697	end stopped	ended with a period, exclamation, or colons as a natural pause	21
7220791254	enjambment	continuation of sentence without pause	22
7220791489	commentary	expression or opinion	23
7220791913	concrete detail	discrete information	24
7220792481	thesis	statement to be proven or maintained	25
7220792664	topic sentence	main idea of a paragraph	26
7220792841	fiction	fake	27
7220792843	foil	character who contrasts with another	28
7220793162	foreshadowing	be a warning or indication of (a future event)	29
7220793677	free verse	poetry doesnt rhyme or have regular meter	30
7220796463	hyperbole	exaggeration	31
7220796597	iamb	1 short syllable followed by 1 long syllable	32
7220796924	imagery	description to portray an image	33
7220797344	irony	opposite in order to have humor	34
7220797612	litotes	understatement by negative of its contrary ( You wont be sorry)	35
7220798062	metaphor	not literally applicable	36
7220798377	meter	rhythm in poetry	37
7220798708	metonymy	substitution for something (suit=business)	38
7220799386	onomatopoeia	sound association with name ( cuckoo, sizzle)	39
7220801644	paradox	absurd statement/proposition	40
7220802589	personification	giving human like characteristics to non living items	41
7220803028	poetic foot	rhythm	42
7220804529	protagonist	hero	43
7220804530	simile	comparison	44
7220804807	tone	characteristic/attitude	45
7220804981	diction	words, vocab, etc.	46
7220805631	detail	feature, fact, item	47
7220806044	organization	order	48
7220806045	point of view	the position from which something or someone is observed.	49
7220807090	syntax	sentence structure	50
7220809722	symbol	mark of representation	51
7220810221	synecdoche	figure of speech to represent a whole	52
7220818843	theme	subject to talk about	53
7220819319	thesis	statement to proven or maintained	54
7220819697	volta	turn of thought or argument	55

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AP Spanish Literature Stories and Themes Flashcards

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4423585072	El conde Lucanor, Ejemplo XXXV (1335)	la construcción del género, las relaciones interpersonales, la creación literaria, las sociedades en contacto, la dualidad del ser	0
4423585073	Romance del rey moro que perdió Alhama (después de 1480)	las sociedades en contacto, el tiempo y el espacio, las relaciones interpersonales	1
4423585074	Voces indígenas (después de 1502)	las sociedades en contacto, el tiempo y el espacio, la dualidad del ser	2
4423585075	Segunda carta de relación (1520)	las sociedades en contacto, la dualidad del ser, las relaciones interpersonales	3
4423585076	Lazarillo de Tormes (1554)	las sociedades en contacto, las relaciones interpersonales, la dualidad del ser	4
4423585077	Soneto XXIII (1543)	la construcción del género, el tiempo y el espacio	5
4423585078	El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha (primera parte: 1605, segunda parte: 1615)	la dualidad del ser, el tiempo y el espacio, la creación literaria	6
4423585079	Soneto CLXVI (1612)	la construcción del género, el tiempo y el espacio, las relaciones interpersonales	7
4423585080	Salmo XVII	las sociedades en contacto, el tiempo y el espacio, siglo XVI y XVII, edad de oro	8
4423585081	El burlador de Sevilla y convidado de piedra (1630)	la construcción del género, las relaciones interpersonales, la dualidad del ser, el tiempo y el espacio, las sociedades en contacto	9
4423585082	Hombres necios que acusáis (después de 1690)	la construcción del género, las relaciones interpersonales, la dualidad del ser	10
4423585083	En una tempestad (después de 1820)	el tiempo y el espacio, la dualidad del ser	11
4423585084	Rima LIII (1871)	las relaciones interpersonales, el tiempo y el espacio	12
4423585085	Nuestra América (1891)	las sociedades en contacto, la relaciones interpersonales	13
4423585086	He andado muchos caminos (1903)	las sociedades en contacto, el tiempo y el espacio, las relaciones interpersonales, la dualidad del ser	14
4423585087	A Roosevelt (1905)	las sociedades en contacto, las relaciones interpersonales, la dualidad del ser, la creación literaria	15
4423585088	Peso ancestral (1919)	la construcción del género, las relaciones interpersonales	16
4423585089	Las medias rojas (1923)	la construcción del género, las relaciones interpersonales, las sociedades en contacto, el tiempo y el espacio	17
4423585090	El hijo (1928)	la dualidad del ser, las relaciones interpersonales, el tiempo y el espacio	18
4423585091	Prendimiento de Antoñito el Camborio en el camino de Sevilla; Muerte de Antoñito el Camborio (1928)	la construcción del género, las sociedades en contacto, las relaciones interpersonales	19
4423585092	San Manuel Bueno, mártir (1933)	la dualidad del ser, el espacio y el tiempo, las relaciones interpersonales, la creación literaria	20
4423585093	Balada de los dos abuelos (1934)	la dualidad del ser, las relaciones interpersonales, las sociedades en contacto	21
4423585094	Walking around (1935)	la dualidad del ser, las sociedades interperonales, las relaciones interpersonales	22
4423585095	La casa de Bernarda Alba (1936)	las relaciones interpersonales, la construcción del género, el tiempo y el espacio	23
4423585096	A Julia de Burgos (1938)	la dualidad del ser	24
4423585097	No oyes ladrar los perros (1953)	las relaciones interpersonales	25
4423585098	Chac Mool (1954)	la dualidad del ser, las sociedades en contacto, el tiempo y el espacio, la creación literaria	26
4423585099	El Sur (1956)	la dualidad del ser, el tiempo y el espacio	27
4423585100	La noche boca arriba (1956)	la dualidad del ser, el tiempo y el espacio	28
4423585101	Historia del hombre que se convirtió en perro (1957)	las sociedades en contacto, las relaciones interpersonales	29
4423585102	Borges y yo (1960)	la dualidad del ser	30
4423585103	La siesta del martes (1962)	las sociedades en contacto, las relaciones interpersonales, la dualidad del ser	31
4423585104	Mi caballo mago (1964)	las relaciones interpersonales, el tiempo y el espacio, la dualidad del ser	32
4423585105	El ahogado más hermoso del mundo (1968)	las sociedades en contacto, las relaciones interpersonales, el tiempo y el espacio	33
4423585106	...y no se lo tragó la tierra (1971)	las sociedades en contacto, las relaciones interpersonales	34
4423585107	Mujer negra (1975)	la construcción del género, las sociedades en contacto, las relaciones interpersonales, la dualidad del ser	35
4423585108	Dos palabras (1989)	la construcción del género, las relaciones interpersonales	36
4423585109	Como la vida misma (2011)	la dualidad del ser, las relaciones interpersonales, el tiempo y el espacio	37

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AP Literature - Grammar Terms 2016-17 Flashcards

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6605181901	Subject	part of the sentence or clause about which something is being said	0
6605181902	Predicate	part of a sentence (or clause) which tells us what the subject does or is	1
6605181903	Verb	A word that represents an action or a state of being	2
6605181904	Object	the entity that is acted upon by the subject	3
6605181905	Direct Object	a noun or pronoun that receives the action of a verb or shows the result of the action	4
6605181906	Indirect Object	precedes the direct object and tells to whom or for whom the action of the verb is done and who is receiving the direct object - always a noun or pronoun that is not part of a prepositional phrase	5
6605181907	Clause	unit of grammar that contains at least one predicate (verb) and a subject	6
6605181908	Phrase	sequence of two or more words that make up a grammatical construction, usually lacking a finite verb and hence not a complete clause or sentence	7
6605181909	Preposition	a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause (of, around, by, under, over on, off, etc.)	8
6605181910	Prepositional Phrase	a series of words made up of a preposition and its object	9
6605181911	Article	a word (prefix or suffix) that is used alongside a noun to indicate the type of reference being made by the noun	10
6605181912	Definite Article	'The' is the one and only definite article in English	11
6605181913	Indefinite Article	The word a or an introducing an unspecified noun or the name of a general category (a, an)	12
6605181914	Pronoun	a word that takes the place of a noun (I, me, he, she, herself, you, it, that, they, each, few, many, who, whoever, whose, someone, everybody, etc.)	13
6605181915	Antecedent	substantive word, phrase, or clause whose denotation is referred to by a pronoun (such as John in "Mary saw John and called to him"...John is the antecedent of him); broadly : a word or phrase replaced by a substitute.	14
6605181917	Possessive Pronoun	it substitutes a noun phrase and can prevent its repetition. For example, in the phrase, "These glasses are mine, not yours", the words "mine" and "yours" are possessive pronouns	15
6605181918	Demonstrative Pronoun	Pronouns that point to specific things: this, that, these, and those	16
6605181919	Participle	a word formed from a verb (e.g., going, gone, being, been ) and used as an adjective (e.g., working woman, burned toast ) or a noun (e.g., good breeding )	17
6605181920	Gerund	A verb that acts as a noun. (e.g., swimming is fun, where "swimming" is the gerund"	18
6605181921	Infinitive	a grammar term that refers to a basic verb form that often acts as a noun and is often preceded by the word "to." (e.g., to sing)	19

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AP Language Final Vocab (Tri 3) Flashcards

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6922669283	Abstract	N. Abbreviated synopsis of scholarship or research	0
6922669284	Ad Hominem	Directed to or appealing to feelings or prejudice instead of to intellect or reason	1
6922669285	Adage, Aphorism, Maxim	A saying or proverb containing a generally accepted truth or sentiment	2
6922669286	Allegory	A story in which a second meaning is to be read beneath the surface S+S+S+...	3
6922669287	Alliteration	Repetition of one or more initial consonants in a group or words or lines in a poem	4
6922669288	Allusion	Reference to a person, place, or event, meant to create an effect or enhance meaning	5
6922669289	Ambiguity	A vagueness of meaning; conscious lack of clarity to evoke multiple meanings or interpretations	6
6922669290	Anachronism	Person, scene, or event that fails to correspond with appropriate time era	7
6922669291	Analogy	Comparison that points out similarities between two dissimilar things	8
6922669292	Anecdote	Brief narrative often used to illustrate an idea or make a point	9
6922669293	Annotation	A brief explanation, summary, or evaluation of a text or work of literature	10
6922669294	Antagonist	Character or force in a work of literature that, but opposing the protagonist, produces tension or conflict	11
6922669295	Antecedent	A word to which a pronoun refers- Must agree in person and number	12
6922669296	Antithesis	Rhetorical opposition or contrast of ideas by means or grammatical arrangement of words, clauses, or sentences	13
6922669297	Apollonian	In contrast to Dionysian, refers to most noble, godlike qualities of human nature and behavior	14
6922669298	Apostrophe	A locution that addresses a person or personified thing not present	15
6922669299	Arch	Characterized by clever or sly humor, often saucy, playful	16
6922669300	Archetype	An abstract or ideal conception of a type; a model or form	17
6922669301	Assonance	Repetition of two or more vowel sounds in a group of words in prose or poetry	18
6922669302	Bard	A poet	19
6922669303	Bathos	Insincere or overdone sentimentality	20
6922669304	Belles-lettres	A French term for the world of books, criticism, and literature in general	21
6922669305	Bombast	Inflated, pretentious language	22
6922669306	Burlesque	A work of literature meant to ridicule a subject; a grotesque imitation	23
6922669307	Cacophony	Grating, inharmonious sounds	24
6922669308	Canon	The works considered important in a national literature or period	25
6922669309	Caricature	A grotesque likeness of striking qualities in persons and things	26
6922669310	Carpe Diem	Seize the day- a common theme	27
6922669311	Circumlocution	Literally "talking around" a subject	28
6922669312	Classic	A highly regarded work of literature or other art form that has withstood the test of time	29
6922669313	Classical, classicism	Derives from orderly qualities of Greek and Roman culture; implies formality, objectivity, simplicity, and restraint	30
6922669314	Clause	Structural element of a sentence consisting of a subject and verb	31
6922669315	Climax	The high point, or turning point of a story	32
6922669316	Comparison/Contrast	A mode of discourse in which two or more things are compared and contrasted	33
6922669317	Conceit	An elaborate, usually intellectually ingenious poetic comparison or image, such as an analogy or metaphor	34
6922669318	Concrete Detail	A highly specific, particular, often real, actual, or tangible detail; the opposite of abstract	35
6922669319	Connotation	The suggested or implied meaning of a word or phrase	36
6922669320	Consonance	The repetition of two or more consonant sounds in a group of words	37
6922669321	Dramatic Irony	The audience or reader knows something about a situation that a character does not know	38
6922669322	Elegy	Poem or prose that laments on the passing or death of someone or something	39
6922669323	Ellipses	...indicates the omission of words in a thought or quotation	40
6922669324	Elliptical Construction	A sentence containing a deliberate omission of words	41
6922669325	Empathy	A feeling of association or identification with an object or person (what it is to BE them)	42
6922669326	Epic	A narrative poem that tells of the adventures and exploits of a hero	43
6922669327	Epigram	A concise but ingenious, witty, and thoughtful statement	44
6922669328	Euphony	Pleasing, harmonious sounds	45
6922669329	Epithet	An adjective or phrase that captures a quality of a person or thing	46
6922669330	Eponymous	A term for the title character of a work of literature	47
6922669331	Critique	An analysis or assessment of a thing or situation for the purpose of determining its nature, its limitations, and its conformity to a set of standards	48
6922669332	Cynic	One who expects and observes nothing but the worst of human conduct	49
6922669333	Deductive Reasoning	A method of reasoning by which specific definitions, conclusions, and theorems are drawn from general principles	50
6922669334	Denotation	The dictionary definition of a word	51
6922669335	Denouement	The resolution that occurs at the end of a story	52
6922669336	Descriptive detail	Graphic,exact, and accurate presentation of the characteristics of a person, place, or thing	53
6922669337	Deus ex machine	In literature, the use of an artificial device or gimmick to solve a prpblem	54
6922669338	Diction	An author's choice of words	55
6922669339	Didatic	Having an instructive purpose	56
6922669340	Digression	Portion of writing that wanders or departs from the main subject or topic	57
6922669341	Dionysian	Distinguished from Apollonian, refers to sensual, pleasure seeking impulses	58
6922669342	Euphemism	A mild or less negative usage for a harsh or blunt term	59
6922669343	Exegesis	A detailed analysis or interepretation of a work of prose or poetry	60
6922669344	Expose	A piece of writing that reveals weaknesses, faults, frailities, or other shortcomings	61
6922669345	Exposition	The background and events that lead to the presentation of the main idea or purpose of an essay or other work; setting forth the meaning or purpose of a piece of writing or discourse	62
6922669346	Explication	The interpretation or analysis of a text	63
6922669347	Extended Metaphor	Series of comparisons between two unlike objects	64
6922669348	Fable	A short tale often with nonhuman characters form which a useful lesson may be drawn	65
6922669349	Fallacy, Fallacious Reasoning	An incorrect belief or supposition based on faulty data, defective evidence, or false information	66
6922669350	Fantasy	A story containing unreal, imaginary features	67
6922669351	Farce	A comedy that contains an extravagant and nonsensical disregard of seriousness, although it may have a serious, scornful purpose	68
6922669352	Figure of speech, Figurative Language	Implies meaning, not literal, like metaphor, simile, personifications	69
6922669353	Frame	Structure that provides a promise or setting for a narrative or other discourse	70
6922669354	Genre	A term used to describe literacy forms such as novel, play, essay	71
6922669355	Harangue	A forceful sermon, lecture, or tirade	72
6922669356	Homily	A lecture or sermon on a religious or moral theme meant to guide human behavior	73
6922669357	Hubris	Excessive pride in character which leads to his or her downfall	74
6922669358	Humanism	A belief that emphasizes faith and optimism in human potential and creativity	75
6922669359	Hyperbole	Overstatement, gross exaggeration for rhetorical effect	76
6922669360	Idyll	Lyric poem or passage that descirbes a kind of ideal life or place	77
6922669361	Imagery	The use of sensory images in speech and writing	78
6922669362	Indirect Quotation	A rendering of a quotation in which actual words are not stated but only approximated or paraphrased	79
6922669363	Inductive Reasoning	Method of reasoning in which a number of specific facts or examples are used to make a generalization	80
6922669364	Inference	Conclusion or proposition arrived at by considering facts, observations, or other data	81
6922669365	Invective	Direct verbal assault; a denunciation	82
6922669366	Irony	When the opposite of what is expected happens	83
6922669367	Kenning	The name of a thing is replaced by one of its functions or qualities	84
6922669368	Lampoon	A mocking, satirical assault on a person or situation	85
6922669369	Litotes	Form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to acheive emphasis or intesnsity	86
6922669370	Loose Sentence	A complex sentence in which the main clause comes first and the subordinate clause follows	87
6922669371	Lyrical Prose	Personal, reflective prose that reveals the speaker's thoughts and feelings about the subject	88
6922669372	Malapropism	A confused use of words in which the appropriate word is replaced by one with a similar sound but inappropriaate meaning	89
6922669373	Maxim	A saying or proverb expressing common wisdom or truth (adage, aphorism)	90
6922669374	Melodrama	A literary form in which events are exaggerated to create an extreme emotional response	91
6922669375	Metaphor	Figure of speech, compares two unlike things	92
6922669376	Metaphysical	Describes poetry that uses elaborate conceits, expresses complexities of love and life, is highly intellectual	93
6922669377	Metonymy	Figure of speech that uses the name of one thing to represent something else with which it is associated	94
6922669378	Middle English	The language spoken in England roughly between 1150 and 1500 AD	95
6922669379	Mock Epic	A parody of traditional epic form	96
6922669380	Mock Solemnity	Feigned or deliberately artificial seriousness, often for satirical purposes	97
6922669381	Mode	The general form, pattern, and manner of expression of a piece of discourse	98
6922669382	Montage	A quick succession of images or impressions and used to express an idea	99
6922669383	Mood	The emotional tone or prevailing atmosphere in a work of literature or other discourse	100
6922669384	Moral	A brief and often simplistic lesson that a reader may infer from a work of literature	101
6922669385	Motif	A phrase, idea, or event that through repetition serves to unify or convey a theme in an essay or other discourse	102
6922669386	Muse	One of the ancient Greek goddesses presiding over the arts; the imaginary source of inspiration for an artist or writer	103
6922669387	Myth	An imaginary story that has become an accpeted part of the cultural or religous tradition of a group or society	104
6922669388	Narrative	A form of verse or prose (both fiction and nonfiction) that tells a story	105
6922669389	Naturalism	A term often used as a synonym for realism; also a view of experience that is characterized as bleak and pessimistic	106
6922669390	Non sequitur	A statement or idea that fails to follow logically from the one before	107
6922669391	Objective	Of or relating to facts and reality, as opposed to private and personal feelings and attitudes	108
6922669392	Ode	A lyric poem usually marked by serious, respectful, and exalted feelings toward the subject	109
6922669393	Omniscent narrator	A narrator with unlimited awarness, understanding, and insight of characters, setting, background, etc	110
6922669394	Onomatopoeia	The use of words whose sounds suggest their meaning	111
6922669395	Oxymoron	A term consisting of contradictory elements juxtaposed to create a paradoxial effect	112
6922669396	Parable	A story consisting of events from which a moral or spiritual truth may be derived	113
6922669397	Paradox	A statement that seems contradictory but is nevertheless true	114
6922669398	Parallel Structure	The structure required for expressing two or more grammatical elements of equal rank	115
6922669399	Parody	An imitation of a work meant to ridicule its style and subject	116
6922669400	Paraphrase	A version of a text put into simpler, everyday words	117
6922669401	Pastoral	A work of literature dealing with rural life	118
6922669402	Pathetic Fallacy	Faulty reasoning that inappropriately ascribes human feelings to nature or nonhuman objects	119
6922669403	Pathos	That element in literature that stimulate pity or sorrow	120
6922669404	Pedantic	Narrowly academic instead of broad and humane; excessively petty and meticulous	121
6922669405	Periodic Sentence	A sentence that expresses its main thought only at the end	122
6922669406	Persona	The role or façade that a character assumes or depicts to a reader or other audience	123
6922669407	Personification	A figure of speech in which inanimate objects are given human characteristics	124
6922669408	Plot	The interrelationship among the events in a story, the pattern of events including the exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution	125
6922669409	Point of View	The relation in which a narrator or speaker stands to a subject of discourse	126
6922669410	Predicate	The part of the sentence that is not the grammatical subject	127
6922669411	Prose	Any discourse that is not poetry	128
6922669412	Proverb	A short pithy statement of a general truth, one that condenses common experience into memorable form (adage, aphrorism, maxim)	129
6922669413	Pseudonym	A false name or alias used by writers	130
6922669414	Pulp Fiction	Novels written for mass consumption, often emphasizing exciting and titillating plots	131
6922669415	Pun	A humorous play on words, using similar-sounding or identical words to suggest different meanings	132
6922669416	Realism	The depiction of people, things, and events as they really are without idealization or exaggeration for effect (naturalism)	133
6922669417	Rebuttal or Refutation	The part of discourse wherein opposing arguments are anticipated and answered	134
6922669418	Reiteration	Repetition of an idea using different words, often for emphasis or other effect	135
6922669419	Repetition	Reuse of the same words, phrases, or ideas for rhetorical effect, usually to emphasize a point	136
6922669420	Retraction	The withdrawal of a previously stated idea or opinion	137
6922669421	Rhetoric	The language of a work and its style, words, often highly emotion, used to convince or sway an audience	138
6922669422	Rhetorical Mode	A general term that identifies discourse according to its chief purpose (exposition, argumentation, description, narration)	139
6922669423	Rhetorical Question	A question to which an audience already knows the answer; asked for effect- no answer expected	140
6922669424	Rhetorical Stance	Language that conveys a speaker's attitude or opinion with regard to a particular subject	141
6922669425	Rhyme	The repetition of similar sounds at regular intervals	142
6922669426	Rhythm	The pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables that make up speech and writing	143
6922669427	Romance	An extended narrative about improbable events and extraordinary people in exotic places	144
6922669428	Sarcasm	A sharp, caustic attitude conveyed in words through jibes, taunts, or other remarks	145
6922669429	Satire	A literary style used to poke fun at, attack, or ridicule an idea, vice, or foible, often for the purpose of inducing change	146
6922669430	Sentence Structure	The arrangement of the parts of a sentence	147
6922669431	Sentiment	A synonym for the view or feeling; also a refined and tender emotion	148
6922669432	Sentimental	A term that describes characters' excessive emotional response to experience; also nauseatingly nostalgic and mawkish	149
6922669433	Setting	Time, place, historical milieu, and social, political, and spiritual circumstances of a narrative	150
6922669434	Simile	A figurative comparison between two unlike things using like or as	151
6922669435	Stream of Conciousness	A style of writing in which the author tries to reproduce the random flow of thoughts in the human mind	152
6922669436	Setting	Time, place, in which a story occurs (social, political, historical, atmosphere)	153
6922669437	Simile	A figurative comparison using words like or as	154
6922669438	Stream of Conciousness	A style of writing in which the author tries to reproduce the random flow of thoughts in the human mind	155
6922669439	Style	The manner in which an author uses and arranges words, shapes, ideas, forms sentences, and creates a structure to convey ideas	156
6922669440	Stylistic devices	A general term referring to diction, syntax, tone, figurative language, and other elements that contribute to "style"	157
6922669441	Subject complement	The grammatical unit comprised of predicate nominatives and predicate adjectives	158
6922669442	Subjective	Of or relating to private and personal feelings and attitudes as opposed to facts and reality (opposite of objective)	159
6922669443	Subtext	The implied meaning that underlies the main meanings of an essay or other work	160
6922669444	Syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning in which given certain ideas or facts, other ideas or facts must follow	161
6922669445	Symbolism	The use of one object to evoke ideas and associations not necessarily part of the original object	162
6922669446	Synecdoche	A figure of speech in which a part signifies the whole or the whole signifies the part	163
6922669447	Syntax	The organization of language into meaningful structure	164
6922669448	Theme	The main idea or meaning, often an abstract idea upon which an essay or other form of discourse is built	165
6922669449	Thesis	The main idea of a piece of discourse; the statement or proposition that a speaker or writer wishes to advance, illustrate, prove, or defend	166
6922669450	Tone	The author's attitude toward the subject being written about- emotional essence of the piece	167
6922669451	Tragedy	A form of literature in which the hero is destroyed by some character flaw and by a set of forces that cause the hero anguish	168
6922669452	Transition	A stylistic device used to create a link between ideas. Transtitions often endow discourse with continuity and coherence	169
6922669453	Trope	The generic name for a figure of speech such as image, symbol, simile, metaphor	170
6922669454	Understatement	Restrained statement that departs from what could be said; avoidance of emphasis for effect	171
6922669455	Verbal irony	A discrepancy between the true meaning of a situation and the literal meaning of the written or spoken words	172
6922669456	Verse	A synonym for poetry; group of lines or line in a song or poem	173
6922669457	Verisimilitude	Similar to the truth; the quality of realism in a work that persuades readers they are getting a vision of life as it is	174
6922669458	Voice	The real or assumed personality used by a writer or speaker (grammar: active/passive voice)	175
6922669459	Whimsy	An object, device, or creation that is fanciful or rooted in unreality	176
6922669460	Wit	The quickness of intellect and the power and talent for saying brilliant things that surprise and delight by their unexpectedness	177
6922669461	Bantering	Teasing conversation	178
6922669462	Condescending	Superior-talking down	179
6922669463	Contemptuous	Showing contempt, dislike, scorn	180
6922669464	Critical	Judging harshly	181
6922669465	Cynical	Scornful of the motives of others	182
6922669466	Derisive	Ridiculing	183
6922669467	Disdainful	Displaying contempt	184
6922669468	Eccentric	Abnormal, erratic	185
6922669469	Facetious	Humorous	186
6922669470	Flippant	Disrespectful, levity, indifference	187
6922669471	Insolent	Abrasive, arrogant	188
6922669472	Irreverent	Disrespectful, lightly sardonic	189
6922669473	Patronizing	In a condescending manner	190
6922669474	Pompous	Exaggerated show of dignity, self importance	191
6922669475	Sardonic	Bitter, scornful	192
6922669476	Satiric	Ridiculing	193
6922669477	Scathing	Harsh, bitter, harmful, injurious	194
6922669478	Scornful	Full of contempt, hateful	195
6922669479	Taunting	Intended to incite action with scornful remarks	196
6922669480	Whimsical	Fanciful, unpredictable	197
6922669481	Abrupt	Unexpectedly sudden, rudely curt, short	198
6922669482	Ambiguous	Uncertain, indefinite	199
6922669483	Apathetic	Displaying little or no emotion	200
6922669484	Authoritative	Commanding	201
6922669485	Candid	Devoid of prejudice, impartial	202
6922669486	Clinical	Objective, analytical	203
6922669487	Colloquial	Informal, conversational	204
6922669488	Detached	Disinterested, indifferent	205
6922669489	Esoteric	Intended for certain group	206
6922669490	Incredulous	Skeptical, disbelieving	207
6922669491	Objective	Uninfluenced by emotion or personal opinion	208
6922669492	Placid	Calm	209
6922669493	Prosaic	Matter-of-fact, straightforward	210
6922669494	Reflective	Meditative, resulting from careful consideration	211
6922669495	Reminiscent	Recalling or talking of the past	212
6922669496	Restrained	Controlled, checked	213
6922669497	Scholarly	Studious	214
6922669498	Shocked	Jarringly emotional	215
6922669499	Spartan	Marked by self discipline, austere	216
6922669500	Tedious	Tiresome or boring due to length, slowness	217
6922669501	Aggression	hostile actions; an assault or attack	218
6922669502	Antipathy	dislike; loathing	219
6922669503	Ardor	passion; strong feeling	220
6922669504	Blithe	merry; carefree	221
6922669505	Dejected	disheartened; depressed; low	222
6922669506	Diffident	timid; lacking self-confidence	223
6922669507	Elation	high spirits; jubilation	224
6922669508	Fervent	intensely emotional; impassioned	225
6922669509	Fervor	passion; ardor	226
6922669510	Fluster	to ruffle or confuse	227
6922669511	Formidable	alarming or awe-inspiring; difficult to take on or to overcome	228
6922669512	Futile	useless; fruitless	229
6922669513	Hostility	opposition; enmity	230
6922669514	Insolent	arrogant and disrespectful	231
6922669515	Intolerant	unwilling to endure other ideas, actions, or conditions	232
6922669516	Revere	to have great respect for or devotion to	233
6922669517	Servile	slavish; submissive	234
6922669518	Skeptical	doubtful; questioning	235
6922669519	Stoic	detached; indifferent to pain or pleasure	236
6922669520	Tranquility	calm; peace	237
6922669521	Banal	lacking originality; stale	238
6922669522	Debonair	elegant; gracious; suave	239
6922669523	Disproportionate	not properly balanced in size, shape, or amount	240
6922669524	Ephemeral	short-lived; occurring only briefly	241
6922669525	Frothy	foamy	242
6922669526	Hackneyed	routine; overused	243
6922669527	Lustrous	radiant; bright	244
6922669528	Menial	pertaining to work that is appropriate to a servant; servile	245
6922669529	Moderate	not excessive; reasonable	246
6922669530	Nebulous	vague; lacking definite form	247
6922669531	Nocturnal	pertaining to or occurring at night	248
6922669532	Perfunctory	indifferent; done with little interest or care	249
6922669533	Pious	religious; devout	250
6922669534	Potent	powerful; convincing	251
6922669535	Preposterous	absurd; ridiculous	252
6922669536	Provincial	having to do with areas away from metropolises	253
6922669537	Quixotic	absurdly romantic and unrealistic	254
6922669538	Raucous	harsh; rough-sounding	255
6922669539	Secondary	after the first; not primary	256
6922669540	Superfluous	unnecessary; extra	257

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AP Language Vocabulary Flashcards

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3501757915	alliteration	the repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words	0
3501766004	allusion	an indirect reference, often to another text or an historic event	1
3501770411	analogy	an extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things	2
3501773452	anaphora	the repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses	3
3501777291	anecdote	a short account of an interesting event	4
3501780219	annotation	explanatory or critical notes added to the text	5
3501786086	antecedent	the noun to which a later pronoun prefers	6
3501792639	antimetabole	the repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast	7
3501798282	antithesis	parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas	8
3501800986	aphorism	a short, astute statement of general truth	9
3501803937	appositive	a word or phrase that rename a nearby noun or pronoun	10
3501807885	archaic diction	the use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquate language	11
3501823572	argument	a statement put forth and supported by evidence	12
3501828784	Aristotelian triangle	a diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience	13
3501836961	assertion	an empathetic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument	14
3501850876	assumption	a belief or statement taken for granted without proof	15
3501856210	asyndeton	leaving conjunctions between words, phrases, and clauses	16
3501863039	attitude	the speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone	17
3501866070	audience	those to whom a speaker' writing is addressed	18
3501873538	authority	A reliable, respected source—someone with knowledge.	19
3501874479	bias	Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue.	20
3501876267	cite	Identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source.	21
3501877601	claim	An assertion, usually supported by evidence	22
3501880843	colloquial/ism	An informal or conversational use of language.	23
3501885833	common ground	Shared beliefs, values, or positions.	24
3501887566	complex sentence	A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	25
3501889501	concession	A reluctant acknowledgment or yielding.	26
3501890531	connotation	That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning	27
3501894553	context	Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning.	28
3501896992	coordination	Grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but.	29
3501899180	counterargument	A challenge to a position; an opposing argument.	30
3501899181	credible	worthy of belief; trustworthy	31
3501905722	cumulative sentence	An independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail.	32
3501908653	declarative sentence	A sentence that makes a statement.	33
3501909718	deduction	Reasoning from general to specific.	34
3501911513	denotation	The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition.	35
3501914927	dialectal journal	a double-column journal in which one writes a quotation in one column and reflections on that quotation in the other column	36
3501916011	diction	Choice of words	37
3501917441	documentation	Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing.	38
3501918727	elegiac	Mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone.	39
3501920447	epigram	A brief witty statement.	40
3501921497	ethos	A Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see logos and pathos).	41
3501925398	explication of text	Explanation of a text's meaning through an analysis of all of its constituent parts, including the literary devices used; also called close reading.	42
3501926856	facts	information that is true or demonstrable	43
3501931041	figurative language	The use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect.	44
3501933881	figure of speech	an expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning	45
3501942982	fragment	A word, phrase, or clause that does not form a full sentence	46
3501942983	hortatory	Urging, or strongly encouraging	47
3501945088	hyperbole	A figure of speech in which deliberate exaggeration is used for emphasis	48
3501948775	imagery	vivid use of language that evokes a reader's sense	49
3501954372	imperative sentence	A sentence that requests or commands.	50
3501955645	induction	reasoning from specific to general	51
3501960362	inversion	A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject.	52
3501961953	irony	A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result.	53
3501963062	juxtaposition	Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts	54
3501964506	logos	A Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and pathos) .	55
3501965828	metaphor	a figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison	56
3501976695	metonymy	use of an aspect of something to represent the whole	57
3501985131	modifier	a word, phrase, or clause that qualifies or describes another word, phrase, or clause	58
3501985132	narration	Retelling an event or series of events	59
3501988409	nominalization	Turning a verb or adjective into a noun.	60
3501990804	occasion	An aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing.	61
3501993644	omniscient narrator	an all-knowing 3rd person narrator . . . This type of narrator can reveal to readers what the characters think and feel.	62
3501996438	oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.	63
3501997523	pacing	The relative speed or slowness with which a story is told or an idea is presented.	64
3501998941	paradox	A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity.	65
3502000075	parallelism	The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns.	66
3502001968	parody	A piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule.	67
3502004767	pathos	Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with an appeal to emotion	68
3502006504	periodic statement	a sentence that builds towards and ends with the main clause	69
3502011367	persona	the character assumed by the author	70
3502016757	personification	A device where inanimate objects are given human characteristics	71
3502019766	polemic	An argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion.	72
3502023353	polysyndeton	Deliberate use of many conjunctions	73
3502026486	premise	two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise	74
3502037860	pronoun	A word that takes the place of a noun	75
3502037861	propoganda	negative term for writing intended to sway opinion rather than present information	76
3502046218	purpose	One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing.	77
3502047701	refute	To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument.	78
3502049205	rhetoric	(n) the art or study of persuasion through speaking or writing; language that is elaborate or pretentious but actually empty, meaning little	79
3502052481	rhetoric modes	Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation.	80
3502054333	rhetorical question	A question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer	81
3502055951	rhetorical triangle	A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see Aristotelian triangle).	82
3502055952	satire	An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it.	83
3502059289	scheme	A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect.	84
3502061705	sentence patterns	The arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions—such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex.	85
3502063522	sentence variety	Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect.	86
3502064970	similie	a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid (e.g., as brave as a lion, crazy like a fox ). uses like or as	87
3502069061	simple sentece	a statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause	88
3502075030	source	A book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information.	89
3502076636	speaker	A term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing	90
3502078066	straw man	A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position.	91
3502078067	style	The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech.	92
3502079649	subject	In rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing.	93
3502081384	subordinate clause	Created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause.	94
3502083049	subordination	The dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence.	95
3502084837	syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.	96
3502088395	syntax	Sentence structure	97
3502090833	synthesize	Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex.	98
3502090834	thesis	The central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer.	99
3502092980	thesis statement	a statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit	100
3502100404	topic sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	101
3502101943	trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech.	102
3502106690	understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	103
3502108050	voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	104
3502108051	zeguma	Construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs two or more words in a sentence	105

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AP Language Vocab List 1 Flashcards

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4960252048	Assertion (n)	a declaration or statement	0
4960261090	Arbiter (n)	a judge who decides a disputed issue	1
4960437518	Condescending (adj)	treating people as weak or inferior	2
4962102362	Contemptuous (adj)	feeling hatred; scornful	3
4962107136	Convoluted (adj)	intricate; complex	4
4962110141	Indolent (adj)	lazy	5
4962111839	Alienated (adj)	removed or disassociated from	6
4962116943	Alliance (n)	a union of two or more groups	7
4962118960	Embellish (v)	to make beautiful by ornamenting; to decorate	8
4962125960	Florid (adj)	describing flowery or elaborate speech	9
4962131457	Ebullience (n)	intense enthusiasm	10
4962142702	Alleviate (v)	to ease a pain or burden	11
4962146225	Dubious (adj)	doubtful; of unlikely authenticity	12
4962149794	Fabricated (adj)	made; concocted to deceive	13
4962154687	Astute (adj)	shrewd; clever	14
4962158211	Clandestine (adj)	secretive	15
4962159939	Ambiguous (adj)	open to more than one interpretation	16
4962166299	Ambivalent (adj)	simultaneously having opposing feelings; uncertain	17
4962172523	Inconsequential (adj)	unimportant	18
4962175445	Assiduous (adj)	hard-working	19
4962177859	Compelling (adj)	forceful; urgently demanding attention	20

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AP Language Terms Flashcards

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4981045355	allegory	a narrative in which the characters, behavior, and even the setting demonstrates multiple levels of meaning and significance. often a universal symbol or personifed abstraction	0
4981045356	alliteration	the sequential repetition of a similar initial sound, usually applied to consonants, usually in closely proximate stressed syllables	1
4981045357	allusion	a literary, historical, religious, or mythological reference in a literary work	2
4981045358	antithesis	the juxtaposition of sharply contrasting ideas in balanced or parallel words, phrases, grammatical structure, or ideas	3
4981045359	anaphora	the regular repetition of the same words or phrases at the beginning of successive phrases or clauses	4
4981045360	aphorism	a concise statement designed to make a point or illustrate a commonly held belief	5
4981045361	appeals to...authority, emotion, logic	rhetorical arguments in which the speaker claims to be an authority or expert in a field, or attempts to play upon the emotions	6
4981045362	attitude	the sense expressed by the tone of voice or the mood of a piece of writing; the author's feelings toward his/her subject, characters, events, or theme, might even be his/her feelings for the reader	7
4981045363	asyndeton	a syntactical structure in which conjunctions are omitted in a series, usually producing a more rapid prose	8
4981045364	begging the question	an argumentative ploy where the arguer sidesteps the question or the conflict, evades or ignores the real question	9
4981045365	canon	that which has been accepted as authentic	10
4981045366	assonance	the repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds, usually in successive or proximate words	11
4981045367	chiasmus	a figure of speech and generally a synatical structure wherein the order of the terms in the first half of a parallel clause is reversed in the second	12
4981045368	apostrophe	an address or innovation to something inanimate	13
4981045369	colloquial	a term identifying the diction of common, ordinary folks, especially in a specific region or area	14
4981045370	conceit	a comparison of 2 unlikely things that is drawn out within a piece of literature, in particular and extended metaphor within a poem	15
4981045371	connotation	the implied, suggested, or underlying meaning of a word or phrase	16
4981045372	consonance	the repetition of 2 or more consonants with a change in intervening vowels	17
4981045373	critique	an assessment or analysis of something, such as a passage for writing, for determining what it is, what it's limitations are, and how it conforms to the standard of a genre	18
4981045374	dialect	the language and speech idiosyncrasies of a specific area, region, or group	19
4981045375	diction	the specific word choice an author uses to persuade or convey tone, purpose, or effect	20
4981045376	deductive reasoning	the method of argument in which specific statements and conclusions are drawn from general principles: movement from the general to specific	21
4981045377	didactic	writing or speech that has an instructive purpose, or a lesson; often associated with a dry, pompous, presentation	22
4981045378	elegy	a poem or prose that laments, or mediates upon the death of a person	23
4981045379	epistrophe	in rhetoric, the repetition of a phrase at the end of successive sentences	24
4981045380	epitaph	writing in praise of a dead person, most often inscribed upon a headstone	25
4981045381	ethos	in rhetoric, the appeal of a text to the credibility and character of the speaker, writer, or narrator	26
5053130572	eulogy	a speech or written passage in praise of a person; an oration in honor of a deceased	27
5053130573	euphemism	an indirect, kinder, or less harsh or hurtful way of expressing unpleasant information	28
5053130574	exposition	the interpretation or analysis of a text. also the opening section of a narrative or dramatic structure in which characters, setting, theme, and conflict can be revealed	29
5053130575	extended metaphor	a series of comparisons within a piece of writing. if they are consistently one concept, this is also known as conceit	30
5053130576	figurative language	language with levels of meaning expressed through figures of speech such as personification, metaphor, litote, etc	31
5053130577	flashback	an earlier event is inserted into the normal chronology of the narration	32
5053130578	genre	a type or class of literature, such as epic, narrative, poetry, biography, history	33
5053130579	homily	a sermon, but more contemporary uses include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual life	34
5071801964	hyperbole	overstatement characterized by exaggerated language, usually to make a point or draw attention	35
5071801965	imagery	any sensory detail or evocation in a work to evoke a feeling, to call to mind an idea, or to describe an object. involved any or all of the 5 senses.	36
5071801966	inductive reasoning	the method of reasoning or argument in which general statements and conclusions are drawn from specific principles: movement from specific to general	37
5071801967	inference	a conclusion or proposition arrived at by considering facts, observations, or some other specific data. looking at the clues, learning the facts	38
5071801968	irony	the contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant. the intended meaning is often the opposite of what is stated, often suggesting light sarcasm.	39
5071801969	isocolon	parallel structure in which the parallel elements are similar not only in grammatical structure, but also in length	40
5071801970	jargon	specialized or technical language of trade, profession, or similar group	41
5623263832	onomatopoeia	a word capturing or approximately the sound of what is described. the purpose of these words is to make a passage more effective for the reader/listener.	42
5623263833	oxymoron	a figure of speech that combines two apparently contradictory elements	43
5623263834	parallelism (parallel structure)	the use of similar forms in writing for nouns, verbs, phrases, or thoughts. in prose, recurrent syntactical similarity where several parts of a sentence or several sentences are expressed alike to show that their ideas are equal in importance.	44
5623263835	paradox	a statement that seems contradictory but may be true	45
5623263836	pathos	that element in literature that stimulates pity or sorrow. in argument or persuasion it tends to be the evocation of pity	46
5623263837	litote	a figure of speech that emphasizes its subject by conscious understatement	47
5623263838	loose sentence	a long sentence that starts with its main clause, which is followed by several dependent clauses and modifying phrases.	48
5623263839	metonymy	a figure of speech in which an attribute of commonly associated feature is used to name or designate something	49
5623331656	mood	a feeling or ambience resulting from the tone of a piece as well as the writer/narrators attitude and POV. it's is a "feeling" that established the atmosphere in a work of literature or other discourse	50
5623331657	narrative	a mode of discourse that tells a story of some sort and it is based on sequences of connected events, usually presented in a straight forward chronological frame work	51
5623331658	periodic sentence	a long sentence in which the main cause is. it completed until the end	52
5623331659	personification	treating an abstraction or nonhuman object as if it were a person by endowing it with human features or qualities	53

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AP Literature Flashcards

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6496100433	simile	figure of speech that expresses a resemblance between things of different kinds (using like or as)	0
6496104205	metaphor	comparison of two unlike things in which no words of comparison (like or as) are used	1
6496118886	antecedent	thing or event that existed before or logically precedes another	2
6496120255	indefinite pronouns	pronoun that does not refer to any person, amount, or thing in particular (ex. anyone, them, it, they)	3
6496123116	synecdoche	expression in which a part stands for the whole	4
6496123117	metonymy	person, place, or thing is referred to by something closely associated with it	5
6496123118	hyperbole	truth is exaggerated for emphasis or for humorous effect	6
6496124669	paradox	statement seemingly contradictory to common sense	7
6496124670	understatement	figure of speech that says less than is intended, usually for ironic effect	8
6496124671	irony	contrast or discrepancy between expectation and reality	9
6496125938	exaggeration	statement that represents something as better or worse than it really is	10
6496125939	foreshadowing	author's use of clues that hint at events that will occur later in the plot	11
6496128462	antithetical pairs	two opposite ideas are put together to contrast	12
6496128463	rhetorical question	question asked only for effect, an answer is not expected	13
6496137352	parallelism	use of successive verbal constructions in poetry or prose that correspond in grammatical structure, sound, meter, meaning, etc	14
6496137353	conceit	fanciful expression in writing or speech; an elaborate metaphor	15
6496146604	symbol	object or image that stands for something else	16
6496146605	allusion	reference to someone or something from literature, history, religion, or another field that many people are familiar with	17
6496148738	periodic sentence	sentence that places the main idea or central complete thought at the end of the sentence, after all introductory elements	18
6496150953	didactic	intended to teach, particularly in having moral instruction as an ulterior motive	19
6496150954	extended metaphors	a comparison carried out for an extended period of time	20
6496153262	participle	word formed from a verb used as an adjective or a noun	21
6496153263	gerund	form that is derived from a verb but that functions as a noun	22
6496272285	oxymoron	conjoining contradictory terms (ex. deafening silence)	23
6496277024	litotes	understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of the contrary. ex. "not bad"	24
6496277025	aphorism	short, pointed statement expressing a wise or clever observation about life	25
6496279489	personification	giving human characteristics or traits to non-living things	26
6496287335	consonance	recurrence of similar sounds, especially consonants, in close proximity	27
6496292590	allegory	metaphorical narrative in prose or verse in which fictional figures represent truths or generalizations about human existence	28
6496296656	onomatopoeia	using words that imitate the sound they denote	29
6496308715	antithesis	juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas to give a feeling of balance	30
6504168046	tone	attitude of the author towards the audience and characters, such as serious or humorous	31
6504172675	rhythm	pattern of sound created by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables, especially in poetry	32
6504172676	style	author's choice and arrangement of words and sentences in a literary work	33
6504174553	soliloquy	speech delivered to the audience by a character when alone on stage	34
6504175810	satire	use of language to ridicule human weaknesses, vices, or stupidity, with the hope of bringing about social reform	35
6504175811	quatrain	four-line stanza of four rhymed lines, rhyme scheme of various forms such as a-a-a-a, a-b-a-b, a-b-b-a	36
6504183704	polysyndeton	sentence which uses "and" or another conjunction (with no commas) to separate the items in a series	37
6504185791	parody	humorous imitation of another work's plot, characters, or style, usually through exaggeration	38
6504195405	imagery	ability to form mental images of things or events	39
6504198925	juxtaposition	placing of two items side by side to create a certain effect, reveal an attitude, or accomplish some other purpose	40
6504202693	fable	short moral story (often with animal characters)	41
6504202694	epithet	word or phrase that describes or characterizes a person or thing; a descriptive name	42
6504203792	flashback	transition to an earlier event or scene that inturrupts the normal chronological development of the story	43
6504203793	foil	character who acts as a contrast to another character	44
6504205568	epistrophe	repetition of the same words or group of words at the end of successive phrases or clauses	45
6504208155	epigraph	quotation at the beginnning of some piece of writing	46
6504210273	chiamus	inversion of the order of words in a previous phrase	47
6504212438	asyndeton	commas used without conjunction to seperate a series of words thus emphasizing the parts equally	48
6504212439	assonance	repetition of similar vowels in the stressed syllables of successive words	49
6504213903	apposition	placing in immediately succeeding order of two or more coordinate elements, the latter is the explanation or modification of the first	50
6504213904	anaphora	repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses	51
6504216126	apostrophe	figure of speech in which an absent or dead person, an abstract concept, or an inanimate object is directly talked to or addressed	52
6504216128	anastrophe	inverted order of words or events	53
6504219317	antimetabole	repetition of words in successive clauses in reverse grammatical order	54

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