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AP Language Vocab Flashcards

6966649487	Pathos	a rhetorical/persuasive move in which the emotions of the audience are appealed to	0
6966660971	Understatement	the presentation of something as being smaller, less extreme, or less important than it actually is	1
6966666707	Paradox	a statement that seems to be contradictory but actually represents a truth	2
6966670404	Ad Hominem	a logical fallacy in which you respond to an argument by attacking the personal character of the speaker	3
6966679312	Slippery Slope	a device of reasoning or logical fallacy in which something is argued against by concluding the terrible things that will follow	4
6966688780	Figurative Language	writing or speech not meant to be interpreted literally	5
6966692228	Tone	a writer's attitude toward the readers and toward the subject	6
6966695680	Dramatic Irony	contradiction between what a character thinks and what the reader or audience knows to be true	7
6966702641	Metaphor	figurative language in which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else (comparison of two unlike things without a connecting word)	8
6966711831	Straw Man	a device of reasoning or logical fallacy in which you exaggerate, understate, or misrepresent your opponent's argument in order to make it easier attack	9
6966725237	False Dilemma	a device of reasoning or logical fallacy in which you present two options as if they are the only ones that exist, when in reality there are many	10
6966732641	Allusion	reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, etc.	11
6966738331	Logical Fallacy	a flaw in reasoning; a rhetorical trick to manipulate or persuade your audience more easily	12
6966743827	Diction	an author or speaker's word choice	13
6966746188	Exigence	the context in which an argument is made; the situation, including current events and audience, that dictate what argument should be made and how it can be made appealing	14
6966753968	Denotation	dictionary or objective meaning of a word	15
6966757354	Faulty Comparison	device of reasoning or logical fallacy in which you compare who essentially unlike things in order to make one seem worse or better than it actually is	16
6966766374	Red Herring	a device or logical fallacy in which you introduce an irrelevant topic (although you pretend it is relevant) in order to detract from the real issue	17
6966774680	Hyperbole	deliberate exaggeration or overstatement	18
6966778230	Concession	a rhetorical move in which you acknowledge the validity of a point by your opponent	19
6966784984	Rhetoric	the art of persuasive speaking or writing; sometimes has negative connotations and associates with deliberate and deceitful manipulation	20
6966792580	Parallelism	repetition of a grammatical pattern	21
6966794623	Verbal Irony	words used to suggest the opposite of their meaning	22
6966797211	Ethos	a rhetorical/persuasive move in which the credibility of the speaker is established	23
6966800292	Satire	writing that ridicules and adds humor--its goal is to correct the flaws and shortcomings of people	24
6966804306	Syntax	the sentence structure used by a particular writer-the way sentences are put together	25
6966809254	Simile	figurative language comparing two dissimilar things by using a key word such as like or as	26
6967040317	Situational Irony	event that contradicts the expectations of the characters, reader, or audience	27
6967043374	Connotation	an association a word calls to mind in addition to its dictionary meaning	28
6967046777	Logos	a rhetorical/persuasive move in which logic is used	29

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Heinrichs Terms for AP Language Flashcards

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6920994467	accismus (as IS muss)	coyness; "Oh, you shouldn't have!"	0
6920995083	ad hominem	attacking the person's character rather than her argument	1
6920998258	adianoeta (ah dee ah no EE tah)	hidden meaning, secondary but contradictory meaning; "I know you guys are excited for the test."	2
6921016676	a fortiori (a fort ee OR ee)	If something unlikely is true, this more likely thing must be true	3
6921018696	anadiplosis	the last word of a clause starts the next clause; "Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering." (Yoda)	4
6921022627	anaphora	repetition of the first word(s) in successive clauses	5
6921028019	anthropomorphism	attributing human characteristics to an animal or object	6
6921029011	antithesis	direct or exact opposites	7
6921035103	aporia	real or pretend doubt	8
6921035914	begging the question	similar to a tautology, this leaves out the beginning explanation and seems to rely on itself as sufficient proof	9
6921043485	chiasmus	crisscross figure; specifically differs from antimetabole because the parts of speech change ("never let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.") The exam uses them interchangeably.	10
6921048049	antimetabole	crisscross figure; differs from chiasmus in that the parts of speech do not change ("Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.") The exam uses them interchangeably.	11
6921059522	dichotomy	opposites on the same spectrum; the two sides of one coin. male/female, black/white, pass/fail.	12
6921064567	circumlocution	talking around the issue to avoid getting to the point.	13
6921065749	concessio	appearing to agree with your opponent and using it to your advantage	14
6921066908	converse accident fallacy	using a bad example to make a generalization	15
6921070250	deliberative rhetoric	argument about choices in the future and what is most advantageous for the group	16
6921072165	demonstrative rhetoric	persuasion dealing with values that cohere a group; usually focuses on the present.	17
6921076722	dialectic	purely logical debate designed to discover the truth through dialogue	18
6921080038	dialysis	"this not that;" "don't just visit Fiji...experience it."	19
6921130814	diazeugma	a single subject with multiple verbs; "The seven of us discussed, argued, tried, failed, tried again." (Patrick Rothfuss)	20
6921134759	zeugma	a single verb for multiple subjects; "She wore a pink hat and a cute smile."	21
6921139038	syllepsis	A sub-set of zeugma in which the modifier changes meaning or usage when applied to the second word (e.g., literal to figurative). ("His boat and his dreams sank." "He held his breath and the door.")	22
6921148071	disinterest	freedom from special interests. Uninterested means you don't care; disinterested means you have nothing riding on the outcome (no "skin in the game").	23
6921157357	dubitatio (doob it AH tee oh)	personal aporia; when you pretend you can't speak well, like Antony does in Julius Caesar.	24
6921162041	enargeia (en AR gay uh)	vivid description so the audience can "see" it	25
6921165714	enthymeme	a syllogism that leaves out part everyone already knows/believes. ("Does this place look like I'm . . . married? The toilet seat's up, man!"--The Big Lebowski). The premise that a married man would put the toilet seat down is elided.	26
6921173655	syllogism	formal logical argument consisting of 2 premises (major & minor) and a conclusion. If the premises are true, the conclusion should be true (see deductive and inductive).	27
6921178832	deductive logic	Deductive is Definite; if deductive premises are true, the conclusion is definitely true. Often rendered as general to specific, which is mostly accurate.	28
6921182043	inductive logic	Inductive is Iffy; if inductive premises are true, the conclusion is probably true. Often rendered as specific to general.	29
6921195314	epergesis (ee per GEE sis)	correction, adding an appositive to clarify or correct. Metanoia is when you retract what you said and replace it.	30
6921217920	equivocation	ambiguous language to conceal the truth	31
6921235509	eristic	competitive argument for the sake of arguing, not getting to truth or agreement	32
6921241620	exemplum	a story told to support the argument	33
6921243344	hypophora	a rhetorical question that the speaker answers immediately	34
6921249213	ignoratio elenchi (ig no ROT ee oh / eh LEN chee)	proving the wrong conclusion; ex: if you proved that textbooks are too expensive but not that school budgets should be reduced.	35
6921265334	cataplexis (also jeremiad)	prophecy of doom, often related to the slippery slope fallacy in which there is a snowball effect of bad things leading to unrealistic disaster.	36
6921270061	kairos	timeliness; often "we need to do this now!" or making an argument at the right time to best convince the audience	37
6921278352	litotes (lie TOE tees or lee TOE tees)	ironic understatement; "You won't be sorry" or "You don't look half bad today."	38
6921287912	metanoia	replacing what you said with a better version. epergesis is adding an appositive to clarify.	39
6921292041	metastasis	glossing over the bad parts to get to the conclusion "Sure, it's going to cost a bit more, but it's worth it."	40
6921295587	metonymy	using something related to represent the whole "The White House issued a press statement." (vs. synecdoche, which uses a part of something to represent it)	41
6921303065	synecdoche (sin ECK doh key)	using part to represent the whole (mnemonic: your NECK is a PART of you--sounds like syNECKdoche). "All hands on deck" or "Get your butt in here" (vs. metonymy, which uses something related to represent something)	42
6921314723	non sequitur	literally "doesn't follow," a point that doesn't fit in the logical argument	43
6921317751	paradigm	a general rule that arises from examples, a way of looking at things based on experience	44
6921323913	paradox	seems false/contradictory but turns out to be true. "To be less eloquent would actually be more eloquent." An oxymoron is a 2-word paradox ("living death").	45
6921333515	paralipsis	saying you wouldn't mention something...which means you are mentioning it. "I don't want to have to bring up the last time this happened..." (very similar to apophasis, which you will see on a different Quizlet)	46
6921339006	paraprosdokian	a surprise conclusion, usually humorous. "To steal ideas from one person is plagiarism. To steal from many is research."	47
6921360667	phronesis (fro NEE sis)	practical wisdom, street smarts	48
6921362411	polysyndeton	lots of conjunctions; opposite of asyndeton	49
6921365566	post hoc (post hoc ergo propter hoc)	Event B followed Event A, so Event A must have caused Event B. I got a headache after the clouds appeared, so my headache must be from the change in weather.	50
6921368138	cum hoc (cum hoc ergo propter hoc)	these two things happened at the same time and must be correlated. see http://www.tylervigen.com/spurious-correlations	51
6921386864	prolepsis	anticipating the counterargument (procatalepsis is when you go ahead and counter it in your speech)	52
6921391690	red herring	distraction from the real point, like derailing an argument by quibbling about definitions or bringing up irrelevant comparisons	53
6921411751	reductio ad absurdum	"reduction to the absurd"--when you take your opponent's argument so far down the logical rabbit hole that you make it ridiculous. Often related to the slippery slope fallacy.	54
6921415429	solecism	ignorance--bad logic, grammar, or syntax	55
6921421664	sophistry	using fallacies, especially on purpose to deceive	56
6921421665	solipsism	the view or theory that the self is all that can be known to exist, can be used as a cheap trick to get out of arguments	57
6921435220	straw man fallacy	arguing against a grossly simplified version of the argument instead of the actual argument. "Oh, so you environmentalists want to stop all construction just so one stupid owl doesn't lose its nest!"	58
6921446363	syncrisis	juxtaposition to show worth. "While she studied, he played Mario Cart--guess who passed the test!" OR "It's not manipulation; it's instruction."	59
6921452556	tautology	defining the thing with the thing. My mom used to tell me I had to respect her because she was my mom and she told me so. True, but you can't use your own authority to validate your authority--you need outside support.	60
6921707248	mythos	shared background or history, a common viewpoint. Heinrichs uses the term commonplace; mythos is from Aristotle's rhetorical situation. A commonplace might be a cliche, whereas mythos will be a set of societal assumptions, like that the founding fathers were good, selfless men.	61

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AP World History: Periods Flashcards

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6828773166	Period 1	Technological and Environmental Transformations (Before 600 BC)	0
6828773167	Period 2	Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies (600 BC - 600 C	1
6828773168	Period 3	Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 CE - 1450)	2
6828773169	Period 4	Global Interactions (1450 - 1750)	3
6828773170	Period 5	Industrialization and Global Integration (1750 - 1900)	4
6828773171	Period 6	Accelerating Global Change and Realignments (1900 - Present)	5

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AP WORLD HISTORY FINAL Flashcards

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6774619683	Nomadic people had military might	Cavalry	0
6778661602	turks living near abbasid convert	islam	1
6778745839	his conversion gave rise to orthodox christianity	prince vladimir	2
6778747142	byzantine major advantage	location of the bosporus	3
6778751417	emperor leo III	iconoclasm	4
6778753774	byzantine gold coin	bezant	5
6778754622	environment of central asia	arid	6
6778756225	japanese military governor	shogun	7
6778761377	byzantine resurgence	theme	8
6778762461	political and religious authority in one person	caesaropapism	9
6778764347	blending of hindu and islam	bhaki	10
6778769750	indias central location makes it	emporia	11
6778771348	religion of southern india	hindu	12
6778772321	supported popes and education	charlemagne	13
6778773335	land to peasants in exchange of military service	theme system	14
6778775658	before writing	pre history	15
6778779171	loess soil	huang he	16
6778780329	jati	subcaste	17
6778781163	aryan social class	Varnas	18
6778782571	migrated to india after long period	aryans	19
6778784949	one of two early hardpan cities	mohenjo-daro	20
6778785864	early indian society	harappan	21
6778788128	indo europeans and bantu	spread language	22
6778788845	bantu migration	population pressures	23
6778789601	hatshepsut	woman pharaoh	24
6778792205	mesopotamian writing	cuneiform	25
6778793909	acquisition of language	transmit knowledge	26
6778794681	first wheeled vehicles	sumerians	27
6778795853	mesopotamian pyramid	ziggurat	28
6778796366	slash and burn	early agricultural technique	29
6783397799	410 Rome is sacked	Visigoths	30
6783398847	Song fell in 1279	Mongols	31
6783401179	Native religion of Japan	Shinto	32
6783403027	A ritual prostration	Kowtow	33
6783405773	Popular school of Buddhism	Chan Buddhism	34
6783407227	New crop for Tang and Song	Fast ripening rice	35
6783409434	Suit dynasty important contribution	Grand canal	36
6783413223	Indias influence on islam	Math	37
6783418371	Mesopotamia/ Persia influence of Islam women	Patriarchal	38
6783420012	Inns for traveling merchants	Caravanserais	39
6783427984	Abbasids	Not conquerors	40
6783429244	Islamic holy law	Sharia	41
6783430976	Caliph chosen by Shia	Ali	42
6783432817	Authority after death of Muhammad	Caliph	43
6783434559	After Rome fell, imperial authority for 1,000 years	Byzantine	44
6783445392	Islam arrives in west Africa to powerful state	Ghana	45
6783447018	New food item to Africa 400 CE	Bananas	46
6783448809	Increase in east/ west Mediterranean trade	Crusades	47
6783450758	"Neither holy, nor Roman nor empire"	Volitaire	48
6783452163	Dominates Russia 13th to 15th century	Golden Horde	49
6783454155	Authority over northern India	Delhi sultanate	50
6783457176	1279, kublai khan creates this	Yuan dynasty	51
6783458785	More opportunities for women	Gender sub-Saharan Africa	52
6783461284	"Those who pray, those who fight and those who work"	Medieval society	53
6783462306	Founder ottoman Turks	Osman bey	54
6783465638	Mahmoud of Ghanzi	Plunder	55
6783467876	Reconquista of land from Muslims	Iberian peninsula	56
6783468817	Mali founder	Sundiata	57
6783471042	Dominate trade in east coast of Africa	Swahili city states	58
6799195869	"white mans burden"	Rudyard kipling	59
6799197719	Nazi attack on jewish business	kristallnacht	60
6799199072	former teacher, leader of CCP	Mao Zedong	61
6799201373	japan creates excuse to attack china	mukden incident	62
6799202794	maos plan to win support	long march	63
6799203765	aztec fertile muck	chinampa	64
6799205908	honors and rewards for warriors	aztec society	65
6799209123	mnemonic aid of small knot (inca)	quipo	66
6799210826	captured in 1187 by saladin	jerusalem	67
6799211425	chinese admiral	zheng he	68
6799212234	gunpowder	china	69
6799213893	nation led european exploration	portugal	70
6799222050	german "blood and iron"	otto von bismarck	71
6799234061	1954, french are defeated here	dienbienphu	72
6799236670	japan becomes world power	russo Japanese war	73
6799238304	last russian czar	nicholas romanov	74
6799240990	china blends modern tech with tradition	self-strengthening	75
6799243385	communist philosophy struggle	proletariat/ bourgeoisie	76
6799247548	karl marx and ferric engles	communist manifesto	77
6799247918	british imperialist	cecil rhodes	78
6799249821	uprising against british 1857	sepoy mutiny	79
6799251156	vietnam, cambodia, laos	french indochina	80
6799252289	assassination of franz Ferdinand	spark for WWI	81
6799259086	non violent philosophic (religion)	Jains	82
6799260270	greek polis	city-states	83
6799261859	arjuna and krishna	bhagavad gita	84
6799264361	most important early roman historian	tactitus	85
6799265821	male dominated rome	paterfamilias	86
6799267137	spread of chinese culture	sinicization	87
6799271826	highpoint of maurya	asho	88
6799273475	polis with most freedom for women	sparta	89
6799275170	greek democracy	male citizens only	90
6799277293	collapse of gupta	white huns	91
6799281325	26 horrible roman emperors	barracks emperors	92
6799282719	most powerful han emperor	wudi	93
6799284974	"the unexamined life is not..."	socrates	94
6799286595	influence of india	rajas	95
6799287220	buddhism spread...	merchants	96
6799292412	dutch farmers in south america	boers	97
6799294580	englands monarch during armada attack	Elizabeth 1	98
6799296452	faith of ottoman, safavid, and mughal	islam	99
6804678338	1652, Dutch settlers	Cape Town	100
6804683141	Mix of European and native blood	Mestizo	101
6804696545	British sail up grand canal	Opium war	102
6804709938	"Here I stand, I. Am do no other"	Martin Luther	103
6804713138	Japan forced to trade	Ameicans	104
6804724415	Bloody Sunday, january, 1905	Russia	105
6804739126	Powerful Japanese lords	Daimyo	106
6804746472	Obstacle for Portugal taking angolia	Queen nzinga	107
6804766816	Tax for non-Muslims	Jizya	108
6804771811	Craft workers destroy machine	Luddites	109
6804784178	Napoleons last battle	Waterloo	110
6805580692	In 1939, German invasion of austria	Anschluss	111
6805587099	Russians may speak freely	Glasnost	112
6805593971	"Socialism with a human face	Alexander dubcek	113
6805600576	Reduction in hostilities	Detente	114
6805608474	Soviet version of NATO	Warsaw Pact	115
6805610223	Lightning war	Blitzkrieg	116
6805617983	Leader of the Arab world	Gamal Nasser	117
6805625926	Mau mau movement	Joao Kenyatta	118
6805650463	Czhechoslovakia expieriences brief freedom	Prague spring	119
6805659599	"Peace in our time"	Neville chamberlain	120

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AP PSYCHOLOGY: COGNITION AND LANGUAGE Flashcards

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6034080262	COGNITION	the process of thinking, knowing, or mentally processing information	0
6034080263	LANGUAGE	words or symbols, and rules for combining them, used for thinking and communication	1
6034081012	PHONEMES	the smallest units of sound used in a language	2
6034081013	MORPHEMES	smallest unit of meaningful sound such as simple words, prefixes, and suffixes	3
6034081453	SURFACE STRUCTURE	the particular words and phrases used to make up a sentence	4
6034081454	DEEP STRUCTURE	the underlying meaning of a sentence	5
6034082772	GRAMMAR	A set of rules for combining language units into meaningful speech or writing	6
6034082773	SEMANTICS	the criteria for assigning meaning to the morphemes in a language	7
6034083075	SYNTAX	rules for ordering words when forming sentences	8
6034081664	IMAGE	mental pictures we create in our minds of the outside world	9
6034083076	CONCEPT	a generalized idea representing a class of related objects or events	10
6034084289	PROTOTYPE	what we think is the most typical example of a particular concept	11
6034085660	IDEALIZED COGNITIVE MODEL (ICM)	our conception of events as we expect to to typically find them	12
6034085878	PROBLEM REPRESENTATION	the first step in solving a problem; involves interpreting or defining the problem	13
6034085879	TRIAL AND ERROR	a problem solving strategy based on the successive elimination of incorrect solutions until the correct one is found	14
6034086511	INFORMATION RETRIEVAL	recovering information fronz storage in memory	15
6034086512	ALGORITHM	rule that guarantees the right solutionby using a formula or other foolproof method	16
6034086919	HEURISTICS	a "rule of thumb"; a generally but not always true that can be used to make a judgment in a situation	17
6034086920	HILL CLIMBING	a heuristic problem solving strategy in which each step moves you progressively closer to the final goal	18
6034087502	SUBGOALS	intermediate, more manageable goals used in one heuristic strategy to make it easier to reach the final goal	19
6034089354	MEANS-END ANALYSIS	combines aspects of both forward and backward reasoning in that both the condition and action portions of rules are looked at when considering which rule to apply	20
6034090267	WORKING BCKWARDS	a heuristic strategy in which one works backwards from the desired goal to the given conditions	21
6034090268	SET	a predisposition to respond in a certain way	22
6034091352	FUNCTIONAL FIXEDNESS	the inability to see a new use for an object	23
6034114854	TACTIC OF ELIMINATION	a problem solving strategy in which possible solutions are evaluated according to appropriate criteria and discarded as they fail to contribute to a solution	24
6034114855	VISUALIZING	a problem solving strategy in which principles or concepts are drawn, diagrammed, or charted so that they can be better understood	25

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AP World History Ultimate Vocab (part 2) Flashcards

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5818884241	Ferdinand of Aragon	king of largest Christian kingdoms in Iberia, united Spain	0
5818888199	Isabella of Castile	queen of largest Christian kingdoms in Iberia, united Spain	1
5818899763	Caribbean	first area of Spanish exploration	2
5818904002	Hispaniola	first island in Caribbean settled by Spaniards	3
5818907176	encomienda	grant of Indian laborers to Spanish	4
5818911958	encomendero	holder of encomienda	5
5819152900	Bartolomé de las casas	Dominican friar	6
5819429891	Hernán Cortés	defeated Aztecs	7
5819432909	Moctezuma II	last independent Aztec emperor	8
5819435053	México City	capital of New Spain	9
5819436257	New Spain	Spanish land in the New World	10
5819441361	Francisco Vázquez de Coronado	lead expedition into N in search of gold	11
5819445647	Pedro de Valdivia	conquered Araucanian Indians	12
5819449753	mita	labor	13
5819452701	Potosí	largest silver mine in New World	14
5819458631	Huancavelica	greatest deposit of mercury in SA	15
5819461455	haciendas	rural estates in Spanish colonies	16
5819463619	consulado	merchant guild of Seville	17
5819464962	galleons	largo cargo ships	18
5819469749	Treaty of Tordesillas	(1494) declared Portuguese vs Spanish lands	19
5819475810	letrados	university-trained lawyers from Spain in New World	20
5819480514	Recopilación	laws collected in 1681 for Spanish possessions in NW	21
5819485204	Council of Indies	body within Castilian gov that issued all laws	22
5819488115	viceroyalties	2 major divisions of Spanish colonies	23
5819490776	viceroys	senior government officials in Spanish America	24
5819509841	audiencia	royal court of appeals in Spanish colonies	25
5819513541	Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz	author, poet, and musician of New Spain	26
5819516815	Pedro Alvares Cabral	Portuguese leader of an expedition to India	27
5819520761	captaincies	strips of land along Brazilian coast for Portuguese nobles	28
5819527302	Paulistas	backwoodsmen from São Paulo in Brazil	29
5823943883	Minas Gerais	gold rush region of Brazil	30
5823948324	Rio de Janeiro	Brazilian port close to Minas Gerais	31
5823956534	sociedad de castas	American social system based on racial origins	32
5824073871	peninsulares	people in NW Spanish colonies, but born in Spain	33
5824077589	Creoles	whites born in Latin America	34
5824084350	amigos del país	club/associations dedicated to improvements/reform in Spanish colonies	35
5824156046	War of the Spanish Succession	resulted from Bourbon succession to Spanish throne (1701)	36
5824165746	Charles III	Spanish enlightened monarch, (rule: 1759-1788)	37
5824174834	José de Gálvez	Spanish minister in West Indies/chief architect of colonial reform, wanted to remove Creoles from upper bureaucracy	38
5824197168	Marquis of Pombal	Prime minister of Portugal (1755-1776), wanted to strengthen royal authority in Brazil, expelled Jesuits	39
5824210732	Comunero Revolt	one of the popular revolts against colonial rule in New Granada (Colombia) in 1781	40
5824220612	Tupac Amaru II	Mestizo leader of Indian revolt in Peru	41
5897898969	factories	European trading compounds with resident merchants	42
5897903146	El Mina	most important of early Portuguese trading factories in forest zone of Africa	43
5897915779	Nzinga Mvemba (Alfonso I)	king (1507-1543) of Kong S of Zaire river, converted to Christianity and attempted to Christianize all of kingdom	44
5897939098	Luanda	Portuguese factory established in 1520s S of Kongo; became basis for Portuguese colony of Angola	45
5897990536	Royal African Company	Chartered in 1660s to establish a monopoly over the slave trade among British merchants; supplied African slaves to colonies in Barbados, Jamaica, and Virginia	46
5898229715	Indies piece	term used within the exchange system established by the Spanish for African trade; referred to the value of an adult male slave	47
5898229716	triangular trade	commerce linking Africa, the New World colonies, and Europe; slaves carrier to America for sugar and tobacco transported to Europe	48
5899570068	Asante empire	established in Gold Coast among Akan people settled around Kumasi; dominated by Oyoko clan; many clans linked under Osei Tutu after 1650	49
5899585956	asantehene	title taken by ruler of Asante empire; supreme civil and religious leader; authority symbolized by golden stool	50
5899596144	Osei Tutu	member of Oyoko clan of Akan peoples in Gold Coast region of Africa; responsible for creating unified Asante Empire in 1701; utilized Western firearms	51
5899631220	Dahomey	kingdom developed among Fon or Aja peoples in 17th century; centre at Abomey 70 miles from coast; under king Agaja expanded to control coastline and portal of Whydah by 1727; accepted W firearms and goods in return for African slaves	52
5899734607	Luo	nilotic people who migrated from upper Nile valley; established dynasty among existing Bantu population in lake region of central E Africa; centre at Bunyoro	53
5899756079	Fulani	pastoral people of W Sudan; adopted purifying Sufi variant of Islam; under Usuman Dan Fodio in 1804, launched revolt against Hausa kingdoms; established state centered on Sokoto	54
5899775994	Great Trek	movement of Boer settlers in Cape Colon of S Africa to escape influence of British colonial government in 1834; led to settlement of regions N of Orange River and Natal	55
5899790882	mfecane	wars of 19th century in S Africa; created by Zulu expansion under Shaka; revolutionized political organization of S Africa	56
5899805208	Swazi	new African state formed on model of Zulu chiefdom; survived mfecane	57
5899812339	Lesotho	S African state that survived mfecane; not based on Zulu model; less emphasis on military organization, less authoritarian government	58
5899826135	Middle Passage	slave voyage from Africa to the Americas (16th-18th century); generally a traumatic experience for black slaves, although it failed to strip Africans of their culture	59
5899846413	saltwater slaves	slaves transported from Africa; almost invariably black	60
5899850353	Creole slaves	American-born descendants of saltwater slaves; result of sexual exploitation of slave women or process of miscegenation	61
5900273563	obeah	African religious ideas/practices in the English/French Caribbean islands	62
5900288082	candomblé	African religious ideas/practices in Brazil, particularly among Yoruba people	63
5900299217	vodun	African religious ideas/practices among descendants of African slaves in Haiti	64
5901342420	Palmares	kingdom of runaway claves with a population of 8,000-10,000 people; located in Brazil during the 17th century; leadership was Angolan	65
5905327726	Suriname	formerly a Dutch plantation colony on the coast of S America; location of runaway slave kingdom in 18th century; able to retain independence despite attempts to crush guerrilla resistance	66
5905374478	William Wilberforce	British statesman and reformer; leader of abolitionist movement in English parliament that lead to the end of English slave trade in 1807	67
5930455576	Ivan III	also known as Ivan the Great; prince of Duchy of Moscow; claimed descent from Rurik; responsible for freeing Russia from Mongols after 1462; look title of tsar of Caesar--equivalent of emperor	68
5934324491	Ivan IV	(1530-1584) also known as Ivan the Terrible; confirmed power of tsarist autocracy by attacking authority of boyars (aristocrats); continued policy of Russian expansion; established contacts with W European commerce/culture	69
5934358301	Cossacks	peasants recruited to migrate to newly seized lands in Russia, particularly in S; combined agriculture with military conquests; spurred additional frontier conquests/settlements	70
5934399672	Time of Troubles	followed death of Russian tsar Ivan IV without heir early in 17th c; boyars attempted to use vacuum of power to reestablish their authority; ended with selection of Michael Romanov as tsar in 1613	71
5934438061	Romanov dynasty	dynasty elected in 1613 at the end of Time of Troubles; ruled Russia útil 1917	72
5934552382	Alexis Romanov	(1904-July 17th, 1918) the Russian heir to the throne at the time of the Russian revolution and the youngest member of the royal family at the time of this execution	73
5934581437	Old Believers	Russians who refused to accept the ecclesiastical reforms of Alexis Romanov (17th c); many exiled to Siberia or S Russia, where they became part of Russian colonization	74
5934715219	Peter I	also known as Peter the Great; son of Alexis Romanov; ruled from 1689-1725; continued growth of absolutism/conquest; included more definite interest in changing selected aspects of economy/culture through imitation of W European models	75
5934754980	Catherine the Great	German-born Russian tsarina in the 18th c; ruled after assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightened rule; accepted W cultural influence; maintained nobility as service aristocracy by granting them new power over peasantry	76
5940669938	Pugachev rebellion	during 1770s in reign of Catherine the Great; leda by Cossack Emelian Pugachev, who claimed to be legitimate tsar; eventually crushed; typical of peasant unrest during the 18th c and thereafter	77
5940697620	partition of Poland	division of Polish territory among Russia, Prussia, and Austria in 1772, 1793, and 1795; eliminated Poland as independent state; part of expansion of Russian influence in E Europe	78
5989033032	Ottoman [dynasty or empire]	dynasty established beginning in the 13th C by Turkic peoples from Central Asia. Though most of their empire's early territory was in Asia Minor, the Ottomans eventually captured Constantinople and made it the capital of and empire that spanned three continents and lasted over 600 years	79
5989046383	Safavid dynasty	originally a Turkic nomad group; espoused Shi'ism; conquered territory and established kingdom in region equivalent to modern Iran; lasted until 1722	80
5989059918	Mughal empire	established by Babur in India in 1526; the name is taken from the supposed Mongol descent of Babur, but there is little indication of any Mongol influence in the dynasty; became weak after rule of Aurangzeb in first decades of 18th c	81
5989961518	Mehmed II	(1432-1481) Ottoman sultan called the "Conqueror"; responsible for conquest of Constantinople in 1453; destroyed what remained of Byzantine empire	82
5989965430	Janissaries	Ottoman infantry divisions that dominated Ottoman armies; forcibly conscripted as boys in conquered areas of Balkans, legally slaves; translated military service into political influence, particularly after 15th c	83
5989972905	vizier	Ottoman equivalent of the Abbasid wazir; head of the Ottoman bureaucracy; after 5th c often more powerful than sultan	84
5989983034	Sail al-Din	early 14th c Sufi mystic; began campaign to purify Islam; first member of Safavid dynasty	85
5989985285	Red Heads	name given to Safavid followers because of their distinctive red headgear	86
5989986427	Ismâ'il	(1487-1524) Sufi commander who conquered city of Tabriz in 1501; first Safavid to be proclaimed shah or emperor	87
5989992170	Chaldiran	site of battle between Safavids and Ottomans in 1514; Safavids severely defeated by Ottomans; checked W advance of Safavid empire	88
5989995377	Abbas the Great	Safavid ruler from 1587 to 1629; extended Safavid domain to greatest extent; created slave regiments based on captured Russians, who monopolized firearms within Safavid armies; incorporated W military technology	89
5990002533	imams	according to Shi'ism, rulers who could trace descent from the successors of Ali	90
5990004714	mullahs	local mosque officials and prayer leaders within Safavid empire; agents of Safavid religious campaign to convert all of population to Shi'ism	91
5990007784	Isfahan	(1592-1629) Safavid capital under Abbas the Great; planned city laid out according to shah's plan; example of Safavid architecture	92
5990012203	Nadir Khan Afshar	(1688-1747) soldier-adventurer following fall of Safavid dynasty in 1722; proclaimed himself shah in 1736; established short-lived dynasty in reduced kingdom	93
5990015095	Babur	founder of Mughal dynasty in India; descended from Turkic warriors; first led invasion of India in 1526; died 1530	94
5990021644	Humayan	son and successor of Babur; expelled from India in 1540, but restored Mughal ruel by 1556; died shortly thereafter	95
5990023863	Akbar	(1542-1605) son and successor of Humayan; oversaw building of military and administrative systems that became typical of Mughal rule in India; pursued policy of cooperation with Hindu princes; attempted to create new religion to bind Muslim and Hindu populations of India	96
5990029900	Din-i-Ilahi	religion initiated by Akbar in Mughal India; blended elements of the many faiths of the subcontinent; key to efforts to reconcile Hindus and Muslims in India, but failed	97
5990032473	sati	practice followed by small minorities, usually upper caste, of Indians of burning widows on the funeral pyres of their deceased husbands	98
5990035181	purdah	seclusion of India women in their homes	99
5990036784	Aurangzeb	Mughal emperor who succeeded Shah Jajan; known for his religious zealotry	100
5990038432	Taj Mahal	most famous architectural achievement of Mughal India; originally built as a mausoleum for the wife of Shah Jahan, Mumtaz Mahal	101
5990040274	Nur Jahan	(1577-1645) wife of Jahangir; amassed power in court and created faction of male relatives who dominated Mughal empire during later years of Jahangir's reign	102
5990044088	Mumtaz Mahal	(1593-1631) wife of Shah Jahan; took an active political role in Mughal court; entombed in Taj Mahal	103
5990047452	Marattas	W India people who rebelled against Mughal control in early 18th c	104
5990048489	Sikhs	sect in NW India; early leaders tried to bridge differences between Hindu and Muslim, but Mughal persecution led to anti-Muslim feeling	105
6047294544	caravels	slender, long-hulled vessels utilized by Portuguese; highly maneuverable and able to sail against wind; key to development of Portuguese trade empire in Asia	106
6047302578	Asian sea trading network	prior to intervention of Europeans, consisted of three zones: Arab zone based on glass, carpets, and tapestries; India zone based on cotton textiles; China zone based on paper, porcelain, and silks	107
6050041478	mercantilists	economic thinkers who argued that a ruler's and kingdom's power depended on the amount of precious metals they controlled. this led to an emphasis on using manufactured goods rather than gold or silver in commercial exchanges with other nations or empires	108
6050041479	Ormuz	Portuguese factory or fortified trade town located at S end of Persian Gulf; site for forcible entry into Asian sea trade network	109
6050041480	Goa	Portuguese factory or fortified trade town located on W India coast; site for forcible entry into Asian sea trade network	110
6058449960	Batavia	Dutch fortress located after 1620 on the island of Java	111
6058456888	Dutch trading empire	Dutch system extending into Asia with fortified towns and factories, warships on patrol, and monopoly control of a limited number of products	112
6058466932	Luzon	N island of Philippines; conquered by Spain during the 1560s; site of major Catholic missionary effort	113
6058476629	Mindanao	S island of Philippines; a Muslim kingdom that was able to successfully resist Spanish conquest	114
6058488118	Francis Xavier	Spanish Jesuit missionary; worked in India in 1540s among the outcaste and lower caste groups; made little headway among elites	115
6058508550	Robert di Nobili	(1577-1656) Italian Jesuit missionary; worked in India during early 1600s; introduced strategy to convert elites first; strategy later widely adopted by Jesuits in various parts of Asia; mission eventually failed	116
6058529312	Hongwu	first Ming emperor in 1368; originally of peasant lineage; original name Zhu Yuanzhang; drove out Mongol influence; restored position of scholar-gentry	117
6058544704	Macao	one of two port cities in which Europeans were permitted to trade in China during the Ming dynasty	118
6058551797	Canton	one of two port cities in which Europeans were permitted to trade in China during the Ming dynasty	119
6058561995	Matteo Ricci	(1552-1610) along with Adam Schall, Jesuit scholar in court of Ming emperors; skilled scientist; won few converts to Christianity	120
6058569328	Adam Schall	(1591-1666) Along with Matteo Ricci, Jesuit scholar in court of Ming emperors; skilled scientist; won few converts to Christianity	121
6058581897	Chongzhen	last of the Ming emperors; committed suicide in 1644 in the face of a Jurchen capture of the Forbidden City at Beijing	122
6058590807	Oda Nobunga	(1534-1582) Japanese daimayo; first to make extensive use of firearms; in 1573 deposed last of Ashikaga shoguns; unified much of central Honshu under his command	123
6058607608	Toyotomi Hideyoshi	General under Nobunga; succeeded as leading military power in central Japan; continued efforts to break power of daimayos; constructed a series of alliances that made him military master of Japan in 1590; died in 1598	124
6058624098	Tokugawa leyasu	vassal of Toyotomi Hideyoshi; succeeded him as most powerful military figure in Japan; granted title of shogun in 1603 and established Tokugawa shogunate; established political unity in Japan	125
6058634297	Edo	Tokugawa capital city; modern-day Tokyo; center of the Tokugawa shogunate	126
6058641241	Deshima	island in Nagasaki Bay; only port open to non-Japanese after closure of the islands in the 1640s; only Chinese and Dutch ships were permitted to enter	127
6058650883	School of National Learning	new ideology that laid emphasis on Japan's unique historical experience and the revival of indigenous culture at the expense fo Chinese imports such as Confucianism; typical of Japan in 18th c	128
6110909980	age of revolution	period of political upheaval beginning roughly with the American Revolution in 1775 and continuing through the French Revolution of 1789 and other movements for change up to 1848	129
6125757327	Triple Alliance	alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy at the end of the 19th c, parte of the Europea alliance sistema and balance of poner prior to WW1	130
6125769851	Triple Entente	alliance among Britian, Russia, and France at the outset of the 20th c; part of the European alliance system prior to WW1	131
6125785243	Balkan nationalism	movements to create independent nations within the Balkan possessions of the Ottoman empire; provoked a series of crises within the European alliance system; eventually led to WW1	132
6125805582	Louis Pasteur	French scientist who discovered relationship between germs/disease in 19th c, leading to better sanitation	133
6125827506	American Civil War	fought from 1861 to 1865; first application of Industrial Revolution to warfare; resulted in abolition of slavery in the United States and reunification of North and South	134
6125879074	transformismo	political system in late 19th c Italy that promoted alliance of conservatives and liberals; parliamentary deputies of all parties supported the status quo	135
6125899637	social question	issues relating to lower classes in W Europe during the Industrial Revolution, particularly workers and women; became more critical than constitutional issues after 1870	136
6126017211	socialism	political movement with origins in W Europe during the 19th c; urged an attack on private property in the name of equality; wanted state control of means of production, end to capitalist exploitation of the working man	137
6126037145	Karl Marx	(1818-1883) German socialist who blasted earlier socialist movements as utopian; saw history as defined by class struggle between groups out of power and those controlling the means of production; preached necessity of social revolution to create proletarian dictatorship	138
6126711615	revisionism	socialist movements that at least tacitly disavowed Marxist revolutionary doctrine; believed social success could be achieved gradually through political institutions	139
6126743666	feminist movements	sought various legal and economic gains for women, including equal access to professions and higher education; came to concentrate on right to vote; won support particularly from middle-class women; active in W Europe at the end of the 19th c; revived in light of other issues in the 1960s	140
6126768966	mass leisure culture	an aspect of the later Industrial Revolution; based on newspapers, music halls, popular theatre, vacation trips, and team sports	141
6126778111	Charles Darwin	biologist who developed theory of evolution of species (1858); argued that all living species evolved into their present form through the ability to adapt in a struggle for survival	142
6126791737	Albert Einstein	developed mathematical theories to explain the behaviour of planetary motion and the movement of electrical particles; after 1900 issued theory of relativity	143
6126805129	romanticism	artistic and literary movement of the 19th c in Europe; held that emotion/impression, not reason, were the keys to the mysteries of human experience/nature; sought to portray passions, not calm reflection	144
6136429447	population revolution	huge growth in population in W Europe beginning about 1730; prelude to Industrial Revolution; population of France increased 50%, England/Prussia 100%	145
6136429448	proto-industrialization	preliminary shift away from agricultural economy in Europe; workers become full- or part-time producers of textile and metal products, working at home but in a capitalist system in which materials, work orders, and ultimate sales depend on urban merchants; prelude to Industrial Revolution	146
6136527774	American Revolution	rebellion of English American colonies along Atlantic seaboard between 1775 and 1783; resulted in independence for former British colonies and eventual formation of the USA	147
6137160169	French Revolution	revolution in France between 1789 and 1800; resulted in overthrow of Bourbon monarchy and old regimes; ended with establishment of French empire under Napoleon Bonaparte; source of many liberal movements and constitutions in Europe	148
6137276884	Louis XVI	(1754-1793) Bourbon monarch of France who was executed during the radical phase of the French Revolution	149
6137288558	Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen	adopted during the liberal phase of the French Revolution (1789); stated the fundamental equality of all French citizens; later became a political source for other liberal movements	150
6137303020	guillotine	introduced as a method of humane execution; utilized to execute thousands during the most radical phase of the French Revolution known as the Reign of Terror	151
6137372997	nationalism	political viewpoint with origins in W Europe; urged importance of national unity; valued a collective identity based on culture, race, or ethnic origin	152
6137407688	Napoleon Bonaparte	rose within the French army during the wars of the French army during the wars of the French Revolution; eventually became general; led a coup that ended the French Revolution; established French empire under his rule; defeated and deposed in 1815	153
6137684537	Congress of Vienna	meeting in the aftermath of Napoleonic Wars (1815) to restore political stability in Europe and settle diplomatic disputes	154
6137868807	conservative	political viewpoint with origins in W Europe during the 19th c; opposed revolutionary goals; advocated restoration of monarchy and defense of church	155
6138217238	liberal	political viewpoint with origins in W Europe during the 19th c; stressed limited state interference in individual life, representation of propertied people in government; urged importance of constitutional rule and parliaments	156
6138245081	radical	political viewpoint with origins in W Europe during the 19th c; advocated broader voting rights than liberals; in some cases advocated outright democracy; urged reforms in favour of the lower classes	157
6138256618	Greek Revolution	rebellion in Greece against the Ottoman empire in 1820; key step in gradually dismantling the Ottoman empire in the Balkans	158
6138266539	Reform Bill of 1832	legislation passed in Great Britain that extended the vote to most members of the middle class; failed to produce democracy in Britain	159
6146717658	Chartist movement	attempt by artisans and workers in Britain to gain the vote during the 1840s; demands for reform beyond the Reform Bill of 1832 were incorporated into a series of petitions; movement failed	160

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AP Language fall final vocab Flashcards

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5626198914	Synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa, as in Cleveland won by six runs (meaning "Cleveland's baseball team").	0
5626228751	Ellipsis	Ellipsis is the omission of a word or series of words. There are two slightly different definitions of ellipsis which are pertinent to literature. The first definition of ellipsis is the commonly used series of three dots, which can be place at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a sentence or clause.	1
5626242875	Parody	Parody is an imitation of a particular writer, artist or a genre, exaggerating it deliberately to produce a comic effect. The humorous effect in parody is achieved by imitating and overstressing noticeable features of a famous piece of literature, as in caricatures, where certain peculiarities of a person are highlighted to achieve a humorous effect.	2
5626250913	Antithesis	2 words with opposite meaning in the same sentence to contrast	3
5626261042	Inversion	Inversion, also known as anastrophe, is a literary technique in which the normal order of words is reversed in order to achieve a particular effect of emphasis or meter.	4
5626268520	Chiasmus	Chiasmus is the reversing the order of words in the second of two parallel phrases. This rhetorical device is also referred to as reverse parallelism, antimetabole or syntactical inversion	5
5626277960	Paradox	Paradox Definition. The term Paradox is from the Greek word "paradoxon" that means contrary to expectations, existing belief or perceived opinion. It is a statement that appears to be self-contradictory or silly but may include a latent truth.	6
5626296900	Inductive reasoning	Inductive reasoning takes a specific representative case or facts and then draws generalizations or conclusions from them	7
5626305901	Deductive reasoning	Deductive reasoning begins with a generalization and then applies it to a specific case	8
5626317566	Satire	Satire is a technique employed by writers to expose and criticize foolishness and corruption of an individual or a society by using humor, irony, exaggeration or ridicule. It intends to improve humanity by criticizing its follies and foibles.	9
5626329146	Abhor	v: to regard with horror or loathing: hate deeply	10
5626335488	Ascertain	v: to find out	11
5626338739	Chastise	v: to inflict physical punishment as means of correction, scold severely	12
5626346891	discrepancy	n: difference; lack of agreement	13
5626351748	Flippant	adj: lacking seriousness; disrespectful, saucy	14
5626357847	Ingenuous	adj: innocent, simple, frank, sincereq	15
5626368965	Meticulous	adj: extremely careful; particular about details	16
5626377703	Pretext	n: false reason; deceptive excuse	17
5626383479	Revile	v: to attack with words; call bad names	18
5626390431	Truculent	adj: fierce and cruel; aggressive; deadly; destructive; scathing; harsh	19
5626400531	Voluminous	adj: great size; numerous; writing or speaking at great length	20
5626412263	Assimilate	v: absorb fully; adopt as one's own; adapt fully	21
5626421773	Complacent	adj: self-satisfied; overly content	22
5626427254	Divulge	v: to tell or reveal	23
5626431681	Grotesque	adj: unnatural, distorted, bizarre	24
5626435859	Inundate	v: to overflow, flood, or overwhelm	25
5626441237	Morose	adj: gloomy or sullen manner; not friendly or sociable	26
5626448686	Proponent	n: one who puts forward a proposal; supports a cause or belief	27
5626458120	Sardonic	adj: grimly or scornfully mocking; sarcastic	28
5626470535	Venomous	adj: poisonous; spiteful; mean	29
5626475265	Zealous	adj: Eager, earnest, devoted	30

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AP Literature Poetry Vocab Flashcards

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5403389962	slant rhyme	word sound similar, but don't rhyme exactly	0
5403393591	internal rhyme	rhyme hat occurs within a line	1
5403396009	feminine rhyme	rhyme between stressed syllables followed by one or two unstressed syllables	2
5403399735	sight rhyme	rhyme in spelling, but not in sound	3
5403399736	rhyme scheme	the pattern of rhymed lines in a poem	4
5403416466	consonance	the repetition of final consonant sounds after different vowel sounds	5
5403420819	assonance	the repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds in words that are close together	6
5403428764	alliteration	the repetition of consonant sounds in words that are close together	7
5403433611	euphony (euphonious)	the sound of words that are pleasing to the ear	8
5403444137	cacophony (cacophonous)	a harsh, discordant mixture of sounds	9
5403450593	dissonance (dissonant)	lack of harmony, clashing sounds	10
5403453744	sibilant	having a hissing sound	11
5403458121	onomatopoeia	the use of a words whose sound imitates what it is naming	12
5403463111	meter	rhythm and line length	13
5403465418	scansion	determining rhythm and line length	14
5403465445	rhythm	the alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables in language	15
5403468750	iamb (iambic)	unstressed --> stressed	16
5403474210	anapest (anapestic)	two unstressed --> stressed	17
5403477748	trochee (trochaic)	stressed --> unstressed	18
5403480119	dactyl (dactylic)	stress --> two unstressed	19
5403483192	spondee (spondaic)	two stressed	20
5403486416	dimeter	two metrical feet	21
5403491476	trimeter	three metrical feet	22
5403491477	tetrameter	four metrical feet	23
5403493326	pentameter	five metrical feet	24
5403495296	heptameter	seven metrical feet	25
5403495297	hexameter	six metrical feet	26
5403496991	octameter	eight metrical feet	27
5403496992	enjambment	sentence continuation with pause beyond the end of a line	28
5403504047	end-stopped lines	a line of poetry in which the meter and the meaning conclude with the end of the line	29
5403507376	couplet	two-line stanza	30
5403509120	tercet	three-line stanza	31
5403511204	quatrain	four-line stanza	32
5403515924	cinquain	five-line stanza	33
5403517762	sestet	six-line stanza	34
5403519824	octave	eight-line stanza	35
5403519825	speaker	the imaginary voice or persona assumed by the author of a poem	36
5403523846	haiku	a brief, unrhymed, three-line poem with 5 syllables in the first and third lines and 7 in the second	37
5403529326	Villanelle	a nineteen-line poem divided into five tercets each with the rhyme scheme aba, and a final quatrain with the rhyme scheme abaa	38
5403534891	terza rima	an interlocking, three-line stanza form with the rhyme scheme aba bcb cdc ded and so on	39
5403541756	Petrarchan/Italian sonnet	sonnet with two parts: octave (problem) with rhyme scheme abbaabba and a sestet (solution) with thyme scheme cdecde or cdcdcd	40
5403548433	English sonnet	three quatrains followed by a couplet with rhyme scheme abab cdcd efef gg	41
5403552051	sonnet sequence	a group of sonnets on a related theme	42
5403554861	blank verse	poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter	43
5403559192	free verse	poetry that has no regular meter or rhyme scheme	44
5403560890	dramatic monologue	a poem in which a character addresses one or more listeners who remains silent or whose replies are not revealed	45
5403564826	lyric poem	poem that focuses on expressing emotions or thoughts, rather than on telling a story	46
5403567576	narrative poem	poem that tells a story, often making use of the voices of a narrator and characters	47
5403570565	allegory	a story in which the characters, settings and events stand for abstract or moral concepts	48
5403573783	pastoral	a type of literature that depicts country life in idyllic, idealized terms	49
5403581225	apostrophe (apostrophize)	a figure of speech in which a speaker directly addresses an absent or dead person, an abstract quality, or something non-human as if it were	50
5403588394	ode	a complex, generally long lyric poem on a serious subject	51
5403593134	elegy	a poem that mourns the death of someone or loss of something	52
5403595632	folk/literary ballad	a song or song-like poem that tells a story written anonymously and passed orally or by a well-known author	53
5403598962	poetry/verse	metrical grouping	54
5403600577	understatement	a figure of speech that consists ofsaying less than what it really meant or saying something with less force than is appropriate	55
5403607584	satire (satirical)	a kind of writing that ridicules human weakness, vice, or folly in order to bring about reform	56
5403611283	theme	the central idea or insight about human experience revealed in a work of literature	57
5403613191	diction	a writer's or speaker's choice of words	58
5403615694	tone	the attitude a writer takes toward the reader, a subject, or a character	59
5403619213	mood	the mood or feeling in a literary work	60
5403621015	allusion (allusive)	a reference to a statement, person, place, event, or thing that is known from culture	61
5403623286	connotation/denotation	all the meaning attached to word versus the literal definition of a word	62
5403625791	imagery	language that appeals to the senses	63
5403627802	paradox	an apparent contradiction that is actually true	64
5403630815	metaphor (metaphorical)	a figure of speech that compares two seemingly unlike things without connector words	65
5403633375	simile	a figure of speech making comparisons with connector words	66
5403635635	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which the part represents the whole	67
5403638013	metonomy	a figure of speech in which something closely related to a thing or suggested by it is substituted for the thing itself	68
5403641789	conceit	a fanciful and elaborate figure of speech that makes a surprising connection between two seemingly dissimilar things	69
5403645337	hyperbole	a figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion or create a comic effect	70
5403650656	oxymoron	a figure of speech that combines apparently contradictory ideas	71
5403652812	synesthesia	a term used for descriptions of one kind of sensation in terms of another	72

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AP Literature Vocabulary and Terms List Six Flashcards

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5168462672	encumber	v. Restrict or burden (someone or something) in such a way that free action or movement is difficult.	0
5168465096	exposition	a comprehensive description and explanation of an idea or theory. The introduction to a novel or story that usually introduces the characters or setting.	1
5168465097	gambol	v. to run or jump around playfully	2
5168466782	hospice	n. a home providing care for the sick, especially the terminally ill	3
5168468853	inexorable	adj. impossible to stop or prevent	4
5168468854	languid	adj. Weak or faint from illness or fatigue.	5
5168468855	moribund	adj. the terminal decline of something	6
5168470698	ostentatious	adj. Characterized by vulgar or pretentious display; designed to grab your attention	7
5168472513	perspicuity	adj. clearly expressed and easily understood; lucid	8
5168472514	profligate	recklessly extravagant or wasteful in the use of resources.	9
5168474067	METAPHOR	a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.	10
5168476625	METONYMY	n. the substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant	11
5168476626	ONOMATOPOEIA	The word represents the sound it identifies	12
5168477860	OXYMORON	Where two opposite words are joined to form an effect.	13
5168477861	PARADOX	a statement or proposition that, despite sound (or apparently sound) reasoning from acceptable premises, leads to a conclusion that seems senseless, logically unacceptable, or self-contradictory.	14

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Stearns AP World History Ch. 35 Flashcards

The Newest Stage of World History: 1914-Present
Ch. 35 Politics, Power, and Conflict in World History 1990-2010

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4387518420	Vladimir Putin	Yeltsin's PM in 1999, then Russia's president from 2000 to 2008, gained popularity by prosecuting Yeltsin's war on Chechnya, restoring economic and social stability and the power of the Russian state, he was also elected Prime Minister in 2008.	0
4387518421	Amnesty International	An influential non-governmental organization that operates globally to monitor and try to rectify glaring abuses of political (not economic or social) human rights.	1
4387518422	Reagan Doctrine	US would support freedom fighters trying to overthrow Communist regimes; applied in Nicaragua, Angola, Cambodia and Afghanistan, Oppose the influence of the Soviet Union by backing anti-communist guerrillas against the communist governments of Soviet-backed client states. Somewhat triggered by Afghanistan - aiding mujahideen to hurt Soviets	2
4387518423	SALT II (Second Strategic Arms Limitations Talks)	A treaty was signed on June 18, 1977 to cut back the weaponry of the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. because it was getting too competitive. Set limits on the numbers of weapons produced. Not passed by the Senate as retaliation for U.S.S.R.'s invasion of Afghanistan, and later superseded by the START treaty.	3
4387518424	Evil Empire Speech	In 1983, President Reagan made the __ __ __, in which he claimed that the USSR was "the evil of the world." Also that there would be a inevitable failure and collapse of global communism	4
4387518425	Mikhail Gorbachev	Became the leader of the USSR in 1985. He proposed major reforms and adopted policies of greater openness (glasnost and perestroika) and allowed Soviet-bloc states greater independence. In 1991, there was an unsuccessful attempted overthrow of his government. The USSR dissolved in 1991 with his resignation.	5
4387518426	Iranian Revolution of 1979	Opposition to the Shah, Mohammad-Rezā Shāh Pahlavi; grew from the brutality, inefficiency, malfeasance, and corruption of his regime. The shah had exiled his main opponent, the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, and massive street demonstrations and crippling strikes against the existing government forces the shah to leave the country in 1979.	6
4387518427	Glasnost	Policy of "openness" initiated by Gorbachev in the 1980's that provided increased opportunities for freedom	7
4387518428	Perestroika	Gorbachev's policy of "restructuring" which included reducing the direct involvement of the Commuist Party leadership in the day to day governing of the nation. It ws a decentralization of economic planning and controls.	8
4387518429	Boris Yeltsin	Russian leader who stood up to a coup attempt in 1991 that would have displaced Gorbachev: First President of the Russian Republic following dissolution of Soviet Union.	9
4387518430	Chechnya	An autonomous republic in southwestern Russia in the northern Caucasus Mountains bordering on Georgia, ethnic republic that declared its independence in September 1991, against which Yeltsin launched a disastrous full-scale military attack in 1994 which led to the death of thousands of civilians.	10
4387518431	Ukraine	Formerly the breadbasket of the Soviet Union, with its abundant natural resources and vast expanses of fertile soil, this country is still overly dependent on Russia which has inhibited free-market reforms. Site of Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster	11
4387518432	August Coup	Name given to the 1991 crisis, in which Gorbachev was kidnapped by his political opponents as part of an abortive attempt to seize power. Accelerated the processes of national decay.	12
4387518433	Orange Revolution	This was a series of events using civil disobedience, general strikes, and protests in Ukraine in 2004 and 2005., during and after Ukraine experienced fair elections and a shifted focus toward western Europe and the EU	13
4387518434	Chernobyl	The nuclear power plant in the Ukraine that suffered two large explosions which released massive amounts of radioactive materials. It is the worst nuclear accident in history and thousands were and continue to be impacted by the disaster.	14
4387518435	Kosovo	Region of Yugoslavia that had autonomy until Milosovic attempted to crush the Albanian group with ethnic cleansing; 1999 NATO used military strikes against Yugoslavia until the crisis came to an end in 1999	15
4387518436	PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization)	Formed in 1964 with the purpose of creating a homeland for Palestinians in Israel	16
4387518437	Hamas	A militant Islamic fundamentalist political movement that opposes peace with Israel and uses terrorism as a weapon.	17
4387518438	Gulf War	A War (1990-1991) that took place between Iraq and the U.S./Kuwait started by Iraq invading Kuwait; First non-containment based war since WWII; Often referred to as Operation Desert Storm; Primarily an aerial war (huge amounts of missiles and bombs) in the first stages, followed by an infantry march that pushed Iraqi forces back into Iraq	18
4387518439	Rwandan Genocide	The killing of more than 500,000 ethnic Tutsis by rival Hutu militias in Rwanda in 1994. The conflict between the dominant Tutsis and the majority Hutus had gone on for centuries, but the suddenness and savagery of the massacres caught the United Nations off-guard. U.N. peacekeepers did not enter the country until after much of the damage had been done.	19
4387518440	Ethnic Cleansing	Process in which more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region	20
4387518441	Darfur	Western section of the country of Sudan which has suffered civil war since 2003 and has had over 500,000 people killed and 21/2 million people displaced from their homes	21
4387518442	George H.W. Bush	President 1988-1992, former director of CIA, oil company founder/owner, foreign policy (panama, gulf war), raised taxes even though said he wouldn't, more centrist than his son, NAFTA negotiation	22
4387518443	George W Bush	President 2000-2008, foreign policy dominated by war on terror, No child left behind, tax cuts, major economic problems at end of term, proposed privatizing social security, major contributions to HIV/AIDS (If you know what i mean)	23
4387518444	September 11	Event that led to the beginning of the War against Terrorism when Arab suicide bombers hijacked United States airliners and used them as bombs	24
4387518445	Terrorism	The use of violence by non-governmental groups against civilians to achieve a political goal by instilling fear and frightening governments into changing policies	25
4387518446	War on Terror	Initiated by President George W. Bush after the attacks of September 11, 2001, aimed to weed out terrorist operatives and their supporters throughout the world.	26
4387518447	Al Qaeda	A network of Islamic terrorist organizations, led by Osama bin Laden, that carried out the attacks on the US embassies in Tanzania and Kenya in 1998, the USS Cole in Yemen in 2000, and the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001	27
4387518448	Arab Spring	Term that was used beginning in March 2005 by numerous media commentators to suggest that a spin-off benefit of the invasion of Iraq be the flowering of Western-friendly Middle East democracies. The term took on a new meaning in 2011, as democratic uprisings independently arose and spread across the Arab world in Egypt, Tunisia, and Syria.	28
4387518449	Tony Blair	A political moderate who took leadership of Britain's New Labor in the 1990's and eventually helped the Labor party win in parliamentary elections in 1997 - thus becoming Prime Minister - first Labor PM since 1979, stepped down as leader of the Labor party in 2007	29
4387518450	Ariel Sharon	Former Israeli Prime Minister mainly responsible, in 2004, for the unilateral withdrawal of Israeli forces from the Gaza Strip and the evacuation of Jewish settlements there. He visited Temple Mount in 2000, which made the Arabs very angry. He suffered a stroke in 2006 and has been in a vegetative state ever since	30
4387518451	Weapons of Mass destruction	Chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons. These weapons are capable of destroying enormous numbers of people and vast areas, hence the name. Saddam Hussein has used these on the Iranian army during the Iran-Iraq War, and on the Kurds in 1988.	31
4387518452	Osama bin Laden	(1957- 2011) Saudi Arabian multimillionaire and leader of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda. He is responsible for numerous terrorist attacks on the United States including the destruction of the World Trade Center. Barack Obama called a Hit on him and the Navy Seals did him in in 2011.	32

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