| 5100907983 | One weapon that was used to put Boss Tweed, leader of New York City's infamous Tweed Ring, in jail was | the cartoons of the political satirist Thomas Nast. | | 0 |
| 5100907995 | During the Gilded Age, the lifeblood of both the Democratic and the Republican parties was | political patronage | | 1 |
| 5100908000 | At the end of Reconstruction, Southern whites disenfranchised African Americans with | poll taxes (made illegal in federal elections via the 24th amendment in 1964, and in state elections subsequent to the via supreme court ruling.) literacy tests (made illegal by the voting rights act of 1965), grandfather clauses (made illegal by supreme court decision in 1915), and economic intimidation | | 2 |
| 5100908001 | The legal codes that established the system of segregation were | called Jim Crow laws. | | 3 |
| 5100908006 | In the wake of anti-Chinese violence in California, the United States Congress | passed a law prohibiting the immigration of Chinese laborers to America. | | 4 |
| 5100908012 | The Pendleton Act required appointees to public office to | take a competitive examination | | 5 |
| 5100908013 | With the passage of the Pendleton Act, politicians now sought money from | big corporations | | 6 |
| 5100908020 | In the latter decades of the nineteenth century, it was generally true that the locus of political power was | Congress. | | 7 |
| 5100908022 | Which of the following was not among the platform planks adopted by the Populist Party in their convention of 1892? | government guarantees of "parity prices" for farmers | | 8 |
| 5100908029 | When private railroad promoters asked the United States government for subsidies to build their railroads, they gave all of the following reasons for their request except that it was | impossible to serve military and postal needs without government help | | 9 |
| 5100908030 | During the Gilded Age, most of the railroad barons | built their railroads with government assistance | | 10 |
| 5100908031 | The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with | land grants. | | 11 |
| 5100908034 | One by-product of the development of the railroads was | the movement of people to cities. | | 12 |
| 5100908035 | The greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post-Civil War years was | the railroad network. | | 13 |
| 5100908036 | The United States changed to standard time zones when | the major rail lines decreed common fixed times so that they could keep schedules and avoid wrecks. | | 14 |
| 5100908037 | Agreements between railroad corporations to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were called | pools. | | 15 |
| 5100908042 | One of the methods by which post-Civil War business leaders increased their profits was | elimination of as much competition as possible. | | 16 |
| 5100908043 | Match each entrepreneur below with the field of enterprise with which he is historically identified.
A. Andrew Carnegie 1. interlocking directorate
B. John D. Rockefeller 2. trust
C. J. Pierpont Morgan
3. vertical integration
4. pool | A-3, B-2, C-1 | | 17 |
| 5100908044 | Match each entrepreneur below with the field of enterprise with which he is historically identified.
A. Andrew Carnegie
1. steel
B. John D. Rockefeller 2. oil
C. J. Pierpont Morgan
3. tobacco
D. James Duke
4. banking | A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3 | | 18 |
| 5100908045 | The steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of | Henry Bessemer. | | 19 |
| 5100908046 | J.P. Morgan undermined competition by placing officers of his bank on the boards of supposedly independent companies that he wanted to control. This method was known as a(n) | interlocking dictorate | | 20 |
| 5100908047 | America's first billion-dollar corporation was | United States Steel. | | 21 |
| 5100908049 | The oil industry became a huge business | using federal agents to break his competitors | | 22 |
| 5100908050 | John D. Rockefeller used all of the following tactics to achieve his domination of the oil industry except | using federal agents to break his competitors | | 23 |
| 5100908051 | The "gospel of wealth," which associated godliness with riches, | held that the wealthy should display moral responsibility for their God-given money. | | 24 |
| 5100908052 | To help corporations, the courts ingeniously interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment, which was designed to protect the rights of ex-slaves, so as to | avoid corporate regulation by the states. | | 25 |
| 5100908053 | The _______________ Amendment was especially helpful to giant corporations when defending themselves against regulation by state governments. | fourteenth | | 26 |
| 5100908054 | During the age of industrialization, the South | remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural. | | 27 |
| 5100908055 | The South's major attraction for potential investors was | cheap labor | | 28 |
| 5100908056 | In the late nineteenth century, tax benefits and cheap, nonunion labor especially attracted _______________ manufacturing to the "new South." | textile | | 29 |
| 5100908057 | Many Southerners saw employment in the textile mills as | the only steady jobs and wages available. | | 30 |
| 5100908058 | One of the greatest changes that industrialization brought about in the lives of workers was | the need for them to adjust their lives to the time clock. | | 31 |
| 5100908060 | Despite generally rising wages in the late nineteenth century, industrial workers were extremely vulnerable to all of the following except | new educational requirements for jobs | | 32 |
| 5100908064 | Generally, the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth century interpreted the Constitution in such a way as to favor | corporations. | | 33 |
| 5100908065 | Match each labor organization below with the correct description.
A. National Labor Union 1. the "one big union" that championed producer cooperatives and industrial arbitration
B. Knights of Labor 2. a social-reform union killed by the depression of the 1870s
C. American Federation of Labor 3. an association of unions pursuing higher wages, shorter working hours, and better working conditions | A-2, B-1, C-3 | | 34 |
| 5100908066 | In its efforts on behalf of workers, the National Labor Union won | an eight-hour day for government workers | | 35 |
| 5100908067 | One group barred from membership in the Knights of Labor was | Chinese | | 36 |
| 5100908068 | The Knights of Labor believed that conflict between capital and labor would disappear when | labor would own and operate businesses and industries. | | 37 |
| 5100908069 | The Knights of Labor believed that republican traditions and institutions could be preserved from corrupt monopolies | by strengthening the economic and political independence of the workers. | | 38 |
| 5100908070 | One of the major reasons the Knights of Labor failed was its | lack of class consciousness | | 39 |
| 5100908071 | The most effective and most enduring labor union of the post-Civil War period was the | American Federation of Labor | | 40 |
| 5100908072 | By 1900, American attitudes toward labor began to change as the public came to recognize the right of workers to bargain collectively and strike. Nevertheless, | the vast majority of employers continued to fight organized labor. | | 41 |
| 5100908073 | By 1900, organized labor in America | had begun to develop a more positive image with the public. | | 42 |
| 5100908074 | The people who found fault with the "captains of industry" mostly argued that these men | built their corporate wealth and power by exploiting workers. | | 43 |
| 5100908075 | Even historians critical of the captains of industry and capitalism generally concede that class-based protest has never been a powerful force in the United States because | America has greater social mobility than Europe has. | | 44 |
| 5100908076 | All of the following were important factors in post-Civil War industrial expansion except | immigration restrictions. | | 45 |
| 5100908077 | The tremendously rapid growth of American cities in the post-Civil War decades was | a trend that affected Europe as well. | | 46 |
| 5100908078 | The major factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the big cities was | the availability of industrial jobs | | 47 |
| 5100908080 | The New Immigrants who came to the United States after 1880 | were culturally different from previous immigrants. | | 48 |
| 5100908081 | Most Italian immigrants to the United States between 1880 and 1920 came to escape | the poverty and backwardness of southern Italy. | | 49 |
| 5100908082 | A "bird of passage" was an immigrant who | came to America to work for a short time and then returned to Europe | | 50 |
| 5100908083 | Most New Immigrants | tried to preserve their Old Country culture in America. | | 51 |
| 5100908084 | In the new urban environment, most liberal Protestants | rejected biblical literalism and adapted religious ideas to modern culture. | | 52 |
| 5100908085 | Settlement houses such as Hull House engaged in all of the following activities except | instruction in socialism. | | 53 |
| 5100908086 | The place that offered the greatest opportunities for American women in the period 1865-1900 was | the big city. | | 54 |
| 5100908087 | Labor unions favored immigration restriction because most immigrants were all of the following except | opposed to factory labor | | 55 |
| 5100908088 | The religious denomination that responded most favorably to the New Immigration was | Roman Catholics. | | 56 |
| 5100908089 | Booker T. Washington believed that the key to political and civil rights for African Americans was | economic independence | | 57 |
| 5100908090 | As a leader of the African American community, Booker T. Washington | promoted black self-help but did not challenge segregation. | | 58 |
| 5100908102 | That a "talented tenth" of American blacks should lead the race to full social and political equality with whites was the view of | W. E. B. Du Bois. | | 59 |
| 5100908104 | Black leader Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois | demanded complete equality for African Americans. | | 60 |
| 5100908106 | Which of the following was not among the major new research universities founded in the post-Civil War era? | Harvard University | | 61 |
| 5100908107 | During the industrial revolution, life expectancy | measurably increased | | 62 |
| 5100908108 | The public library movement across America was greatly aided by the generous financial support from | Andrew Carnegie. | | 63 |
| 5100908114 | American novelists' turn from romanticism and transcendentalism to rugged social realism reflected the | materialism and conflicts of the new industrial society. | | 64 |
