| 647141957 | Early Settlement | raw materials, 3-sister farming, | | 0 |
| 647141960 | Spanish Armada | was believed to be very strong (invincible) but when king Phillip II was extremely annoyed with the Protestantism(during the reign of Queen Elizabeth who he also asked her hand in marriage in England he sent his fleets,130 ships, to attack in the English channel. Unfortunately their ships were much too heavy compared to the light English ships and as a storm arose, the " Protestant wind" the Spanish were scattered. The failure of the Spanish armada began the chain of failure as Spain began to lose power in their new world empire. | | 1 |
| 647141962 | Problems Facing the Colonists | rel persecution so went to America--- problems there--- starvation, malnutrition, Indians, disease(malaria | | 2 |
| 647141964 | Northern, Southern, Middle colonies | Northern- Maine(part of Mass), New Hampshire, Mssacheusts, Connecticut, Rhode Island
Middle colonies- New York, New jersey, Pennsylvania, Delware
Southern- Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. | | 3 |
| 647141966 | Joint Stock Companies | began by the early 1600s and had investors pool their money, who were called "adventurers". In a Joint stock venture, stock was sold to high net-worth investors who provided capital and had limited risk. But because of the difficulty of starting anew colony there were a lot more risks and startup costs which were harder to return. It was possible for the companies to start because of the primogeniture decree and unemployment put many second sons in want of adventure, and thirst for new lands and money and religious freedoms. | | 4 |
| 647141968 | Mercantilism | An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought. The more gold in the treasury the more wealthy and power the nation had. so became kinda capitalist and worried about expanding and owning first | | 5 |
| 647141970 | British Role in America in the 17th century | The london government still controlled most of the new colonies b/c many had received charters or were royal proprietors who were given land | | 6 |
| 647141973 | Immigration into America | The Virginia Company charter saw three ships sail to Virginia in 1606 were they found Jamestown | | 7 |
| 647141975 | John Locke | Enlightenment thinker- theory of tabula rose( innate mind=empty slate) argued for a separation of church and state when Protestantism became the sole religion and all others were persecuted | | 8 |
| 647141977 | Jamestown | was named after King James I but was malaria and mosquito infested. The English landed there on may 24 1607 and there was about 100 of them. As time passed they were raged by disease and starvation because they didn't think to plant crops for long term settlement. But only searched for gold and riches. They had one leader who whipped them into shape, John Smith, but they still died in droves.As they finally gave up and boarded their ships to go home they were greeted bay relief party greeted by Lord De La Warr who forced them back and was very military like. | | 9 |
| 647141979 | Native Americans/ Jamestown | At first when they landed they were attacked by the Indians. Then, John Smith's experience led to the help of Pocahontas but after especially with arrival of lord De la Warr lead to Anglo-Powhatan war until Pocahontas was married to John Rolfe. Eventually there was a peace treaty of 1646 but 10% of the Indian population was wiped out and later there lands became reservations. the English considered them extinct | | 10 |
| 647141980 | Direct democracy | form of government by the people, for the people. It is a type of government that the people will make the decisions for themselves rather than to have the decisions made by representatives. Another term used to describe Direct Democracy is pure democracy or "true" democracy. | | 11 |
| 647141981 | House of Burgesses | 1619- Representative self-government was approved by the London government authorized settlers to summon an assembly know as the House of Burgesses that acted like a mini-Parliament but was run by the settlers | | 12 |
| 647141982 | New England Colonies vs, Chesapeake Bay colonies | NE- Massacheusts- exports= fur,fish, lumber...First Separtists at Plymouth then the Great Migration which brought eleven ships of Puritans as a part of the Mass. Bay charter which was to become a colony
CHES- Virginia and Maryland- main exports=tobacco(john Rolfe=father), Maryland found as a Catholic haven by Lord Baltimore,
southern colonies- Virginia, N+S Carolina, Georgia had broad plantations, main exports were- tobacco, rice, slaves | | 13 |
| 647141983 | Puritan beliefs | Most Massachusetts colonists were nonseparating Puritans who wished to reform the established church, largely Congregationalists who believed in forming churches through voluntary compacts. The idea of compacts or covenants was central to the Puritans' conception of social, political, and religious organizations. believe to work form sunrise to sunset and no idle past times .. Covenant with God | | 14 |
| 647141984 | Separtists | were the tiny band of extreme Puritans that came to Plymouth with others; they believed that the church of England was not completely de-Catholicized and didn't like sitting with sinners in church and James I was getting tired of them so was like "just go away" and gave them a charter
"separating" Puritans, such as the Plymouth colonists, who believed that the Church of England was corrupt and that true Christians must separate themselves from it; and non-separating Puritans, such as the colonists who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony, who believed in reform but not separation. | | 15 |
| 647141985 | Mayflower COmpact | Before getting off the Mayflower a set of rules, not a constitution, was created and by 41 males of the ship not servants or the seamen, to come to agreement with the majority and to hold open discussion town meetings | | 16 |
| 647141986 | William Penn- "holy Experiment" | attracted to Quaker faith at 16--not approved-- 1681 secured expanse of fertile land that the king owed his father and created Pennsylvania for Quaker refuge but also overtime became open to anyone-- had pamphlets distributed and many artisans and people came which helped build the colony | | 17 |
| 647141987 | Slavery in the Chesapeake colonies | was needed because of the large plantations especially the rice paddies were Africans were good b/c they knew how to do it and could physically handle it | | 18 |
| 647141988 | Georgia | Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe who was deeply interested in prison reform and got a charter and lead the Georgia colony which was made up of debtors and prisoners send over from England
acted as a human buffer zone between the colonies and Spanish Florida | | 19 |
| 647141989 | Iroquois League | The Confederacy of the Iroquois, nicknamed the Iroquois League by white settlers, is believed to be founded in the 1400s to the late 1500s by Deganawidah and Hiawatha. This confederacy was a coalition between 5 Indian tribes or nations; the Mohawks, the Oneidas, The Onondagas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas. Later on the Tuscaroras asked to join in order to gain safety from the arriving white settlers. These tribes stretched out from present day New York near the Hudson River, to Lake Erie and North of the Catskill Mountains. They called themselves Haudenosaunee, or people of the longhouse ,referring to their homes which were made of bark and bent saplings and could fit 50 families all from the maternal bloodline. | | 20 |
| 647141990 | Triangle Trade | was a trade shaped like a triangle. It was very profitable but much smaller commerce than the total colonial commerce. Merchants would begin in a new England port and travel to the gold coast in Africa to trade rum for African slaves. The the merchant would take the slaves and bring them to the west indies where he would sell the survivors and in turn receive molasses which aided in the production of rum. Also other trades included: beaver hats, iron pots and pans, household manufacturing- spinning and weaving, lumbering, and naval stores.
America--bring timber,fish,rum to Britain---bring rum, pots+pans, guns to Africa--trade for slaves-- Bring slaves through Middle passage to West Indies-- bring sugar and molasses to America at ports like Charleston, (Slaves)D.C, Boston (slaves), NY--America makes rum out of sugar and molasses | | 21 |
| 647141991 | Middle Passage | Was the horrid journey from Africa to the West inides or america to be sold | | 22 |
| 647141992 | Headright system | in order to solve the labor shortage they would bring people to work as indentured servants; "shanghai" them sometimes | | 23 |
| 647141993 | Salem Mass. | the Salem witch trial hysteria began because a nurse showed some girls voodoo and then they were freaked out and the town thought they had been cursed or whatever and began holding with trials because one of the preachers started it up with all this hysteria | | 24 |
| 647141994 | James I | shrewd Scotsman head of both state and church in England from 1603-1625 who believed that his subjects would defy him as their spiritual leader and one day they would defy him as their political leader so he harassed the seperatists out of the land | | 25 |
| 647141995 | William and Mary | was a college founded to re establish the old ministers in the Anglican faith "old lights" in Virginia | | 26 |
| 647141996 | Enlightenment | The time period in Europe that new ideas on thought and new theories were born; impacted colonial thinkers too | | 27 |
| 647141997 | Great Awakening | erupted in the 1730s to 1740s was was begun by Jonathan Edwards with his speeches such as Sinners in the hands of an angry God. Next George Whitefield gained huge momentum with his amazing oratory skills and enthralled many listeners; his technique was followed-- made people wan ta more emotional appealing church | | 28 |
| 647141998 | 1750's Americas best export | agriculture= tobacco in Maryland and Virginia--Chesapeake bay wheat cultivation on depleted tobacco lands--Middle bread colonies lots of grain exports | | 29 |
| 647141999 | Cops grown in the South | rice and indigo | | 30 |
| 647142000 | 18th century economy | each area had vbery good economic boom
NE- fising, lumber, grain, cattle, ships
CEs+ NCarolina= tobacco
S= rice and indigo | | 31 |
| 647142001 | Edu in 18th century | in NE flourished for boys--graduates from new universites like Cambridge-Boston-- at frist it was used to preping men for the ministry | | 32 |
| 647142002 | American dependence on goods form British in the 18th century | depended on things they didn;t make at the time i.e clothes, tea, etc. bought more than they sold to Britian so GBinfliced currency shortage made up in cash-gold and silver coins | | 33 |
| 647142003 | French and Indian war or the seven years war | 1754- problesm over new territories between French and British an Spanish as well as in europe erupted. Brtish gov called intercolonial assembly to albany to keep the Iroquois confederacy on their side with much money and guns- bolstered inter colonial unity | | 34 |
| 647142004 | Proclamation of 1763 | prohibited settlement beyond the Appalachian mts. designed to help Indian problem and not cause another uprising like Pontiac's rebellion | | 35 |
| 647142005 | Navigation law of 1650 | aimed at rival Dutch shippers i the trade route; limited exports to and from teh colonies to only go in British vessels and sometimes the merchants would takea tax for the shipping b/c tariffs already placed | | 36 |
| 647142006 | Prime minster George Grenville | began striclty enforcing naviagtion laws
\Sugar act of 1764- raising tax revenues for the crown increased duty on foreign sugar from west indies
Quarteing act of 1765- troops could be froced into houss of colonists during a peace time; those who were thought to be smuggling
Stamp Act of 1765- raise revenues to support new military force- stamps on many things for fifty trade items and commercial and legal documents | | 37 |
| 647142007 | SOns and daughters of liberty | took laws into their won hands and would cry solgans for 'no taxarion without representaion" | | 38 |
| 647142008 | WOmen's resistance movement | create own woolen clothes and industry in protest; help out hte troop during the war | | 39 |
| 647142009 | TOwnshed acts of 1767 | Light import tax on glass, white lead, paper, paint and tea | | 40 |
| 647142010 | Olive Branch petion- | 1775 last resort of the professing american loyalty begging the king to stop further attacks; but King George III threw it in the garbage | | 41 |
| 647142011 | quebec act | 1774 same time as intolerable acts french guarenteed Catholic religion permitted to retian customs, boundaires extended to ohio river valeey | | 42 |
| 647142012 | Intolerable acts- | closed british port, new quartering act, charterd rights of mass swept away, resrtictions on town meetings | | 43 |
| 647142013 | Boston massacre- | 1770-conflict between colonists na dredcoats duting htie rdrills attack from both sides- 11 people killed | | 44 |
| 647142014 | Bostin tea party- | 1773 raided ships dresseda t indians and dupmed 342 chests of tea into boston harbor | | 45 |
| 647142015 | Declaration of indedpencednce | philadelphia congress- Richard henry lee- adopted july 2--july 4 when the statement was also written by Thomas Jefferson saying the dees of the king how he imposed taxes w/o consent, dispensing traili by jury, abolishing valued laws, establishing military dictatroship, standign armies in oeace time | | 46 |
| 647142016 | battle of charleston v | cofnwallis was hitting it close to home and took over georgia and south caronlina later stalled by natahniel greene and then lost at kings mountian cowpen's | | 47 |
| 647142017 | yorktown | DeGrasse- was operating with powerful fleet in the West Indies and advised the Americans that he was free to join them for an assault against Cornwallis who had gone to Yorktown to wait for supplies. Washington immediately made a 300 mile march to Chesapeake to New York. Also helping was Rochambeau's French army which together with Washington, they beset the British by land while de Grasse did by sea after beating the British fleet. Cornered Cornwallis surrendered his 7000 men oct 19 1781. After Lord North heard this he believed it was all over but King George III stubbornly persisted.
Why did the Americans win at the Battle of Yorktown? The Americans won at the battle of Yorktown because with the aid of de Grasse who defeated the British Fleet and blocked the sea and Rochambeau with his army they were able to corner the British force under Cornwallis who then surrendered since there was no way out. | | 48 |
| 647142018 | Treaty at Paris | under Cornwallis who then surrendered since there was no way out.
Who negotiated the Treaty of Paris and what obstacles did they encounter? From America three representatives were sent: Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay who was deeply suspicious of old world intrigues. There France wanted to get the independence of America i abstract and not in action that way they had an easier way of controlling America who was also weak after fighting. France also was in a tight spot because they had brought Spain in on their side and had promised them Gibraltar. The Congress had given their representatives strict instructions to make no separate peace. But Jay thought he saw signs that France was going to satisfy Spain and not America. So he sent a letter to England where the new Whigs were more than happy to make a peace treaty. they created a preliminary treaty in 182 and the final the following year. the treaty was very generous on Britains part: boundaries stretched to the Mississippi, to the Great Lakes. and to Spanish Florida. also the Yankees divorced from the empire, were allowed to keep the fisheries in Newfoundland. The Canadians were not pleased.
What concessions did the Americans make- Loyalists were to not be persecuted anymore, and Congress was to recommend to the state legislatures that confiscated Loyalists property was to be restored. | | 49 |
| 647142019 | Battle of saratoga | Battle of Saratoga- Burgoyne began to bog down north of Albany and militiamen began to swarm even more. in a series of short engagements where General Arnold was shot in the leg again at Quebec the British army was trapped. Meanwhile the Americans had driven back St. Legers force at Oriskany. Burgoyne was forced to surrender his entire command at Saratoga on Oct. 17 1777 the American general Horatio Gates. France now came to the aid of America. | | 50 |
| 647142020 | 1st contiental congress | 1776 called upon the colonies to draft new consituion rest on authority of th epoeple sommon themselves as states | | 51 |
| 647142021 | 2nd contientla congress | all thirteen ststeas were soverign; article sof confederation adopted in 1777 translated into french to convince ethe french | | 52 |
