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APUSH - Chapter 7: The Road to Revolution - American Pageant, 15th Edition Flashcards

American Pageant, 15th Edition

1234808697	Stamp Act Congress	met in New York City with 27 delegates from nine colonies in 1765; had little effect at the time but broke barriers and helped toward colonial unity; the act caused an uprising because there was no one to sell the stamps and the British did not understand why the Americans could not pay for their own defense; the act was repealed in 1766.	0
1234808698	Intolerable Acts	The Acts passed in 1774, following the Boston Tea Party, that were considered unfair because they were designed to chastise Boston in particular, yet effected all the colonies by the Boston Port Act which closed Boston Harbor until damages were paid.	1
1234808699	Continental	The name Continental is associated to two congresses. The first is in 1774 and the second is in 1775. They both take place in Philadelphia. the Continental Congress brought the leaders of the thirteen colonies together. This was the beginning of our national union.	2
1234808700	Quartering Act	Law passed by Britain to force colonists to pay taxes to house and feed British soldiers. Passed in the same few years as the Navigation Laws of 1763, the Sugar Act of 1764, and the Stamp Act of 1765 Stirred up even more resentment for the British. The Legislature of New York was suspended in 1767 for failing to comply with the Quartering Act.	3
1234808701	The Association	A document produced by the Continental Congress in 1775 that called for a complete boycott of British goods. This included non-importation, non-exportation and non-consumption. It was the closest approach to a written constitution yet from the colonies. It was hoped to bring back the days before Parliamentary taxation. Those who violated The Association in America were tarred and feathered.	4
1234808702	Stamp Act	In 1765 Parliament passed the Stamp Act, requiring the colonists to pay for a stamp to go on many of the documents essential to their lives. These documents included deeds, mortgages, liquor licenses, playing cards, and almanacs. The colonists heartily objected to this direct tax and in protest petitioned the king, formed the Stamp Act Congress, and boycotted English imports. In 1766 Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, a major victory for colonists.	5
1234808703	Committees of Correspondence	Samuel Adams started the first committee in Boston in 1772 to spread propaganda and secret information by way of letters. They were used to sustain opposition to British policy. The committees were extremely effective and a few years later almost every colony had one. This is another example of the colonies breaking away from Europe to become Americans.	6
1234808704	Hessians	German soldiers hired by George III to smash Colonial rebellion, proved good in mechanical sense but they were more concerned about money than duty.	7
1234808705	Loyalists	(Tories) Colonials loyal to the king during the American Revolution.	8
1234808706	Navigation Acts	Between late 1600s and the early 1700s, the British passed a series of laws to put pressure on the colonists (mostly tax laws). These laws are known as the Navigation Acts. Example: 1651- All goods must be shipped in colonial or English ships, and all imports to colonies must be on colonial or English ships or the ships of the producer. 1660- incorporation of law of 1651. it also enumerated articles, such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton, can only be exported to England from the colonies. 1663- a.k.a. the staple act of 1663- all imports to the colonies must go through England.	9
1234808707	Declaratory Act	In 1766, the English Parliament repealed the Stamp Act and at the same time signed the Declaratory Act. This document stated that Parliament had the right "to bind" the colonies "in all cases whatsoever." It is important in history because it stopped the violence and rebellions against the tax on stamps. Also, it restarted trade with England, which had temporarily stopped as a defiant reaction to the Stamp Act.	10
1234808708	First Continental Congress	a convention and a consultative body that met for seven weeks, from September 5 to October 26, 1774, in Philadelphia; it was the American's response to the Intolerable Acts; considered ways of redressing colonial grievances; all colonies except Georgia sent 55 distinguished men in all; John Adams persuaded his colleagues toward revolution; they wrote a Declaration of Rights and appeals to British American colonies, the king, and British people; created the Association which called for a complete boycott of English goods; the Association was the closet thing to a written constitution until the...	11
1234808709	Sugar Act 1764	The Sugar Act was the first law ever passed by Parliament. The act was put in place for raising revenue in the colonies for the crown. It increased the duties on foreign sugar, mainly from the West Indies. After protests from the colonists, the duties were lowered.	12
1234808710	Townshend Acts	In 1767 "Champagne Charley" Townshend persuaded Parliament to pass the Townshend Acts. These acts put a light import duty on such things as glass, lead, paper, and tea. The acts met slight protest from the colonists, who found ways around the taxes such as buying smuggled tea. Due to its minute profits, the Townshend Acts were repealed in 1770, except for the tax on tea. The tax on tea was kept to keep alive the principle of Parliamentary taxation.	13
1234808711	"Virtual" representation	Theory that claimed that every member of Parliament represented all British subjects, even those Americans in Boston or Charleston who had never voted for a member of the London Parliament.	14
1234808712	Boycott	To abstain from using, buying, or dealing with; happens all of the time everywhere all over the world; labor unions, consumer groups, countries boycott products to force a company or government to change its politics.	15
1234808713	The Boards of Trade	An English legislative body, based in London, that was instituted for the governing and economic controlling of the American colonies. It lacked many powers, but kept the colonies functioning under the mercantile system while its influence lasted. The height of the Boards' power was in the late 1690's.	16
1234808714	Sons of Liberty	An organization established in 1765, these members (usually in the middle or upper class) resisted the Stamp Act of 765. Even though the Stamp Act was repealed in 1766, the Sons of Liberty combined with the Daughters of Liberty remained active in resistance movements.	17
1234808715	Quebec Act	After the French and Indian War, the English had claim the Quebec Region, a French speaking colony. Because of the cultural difference, English had a dilemma on what to do with the region. The Quebec Act, passed in 1774, allow the French Colonist to go back freely to their own customs. The colonists have the right to have access to the Catholic religion freely. Also, it extended to Quebec Region north and south into the Ohio River Valley. This act created more tension between the colonists and the British which lead to the American Revolution.	18
1234808716	Internal/External Taxation	Internal taxation taxed goods within the colonies and acted much like a sales tax. The Stamp Act of 1765 is an example of internal taxation. External taxation applied to imports into the colonies. The merchant importing the good paid the tax on it, much like the Sugar Act of 1764. Colonists were more accepting of external taxation and more opposed to internal taxation.	19
1234808717	King George III	King George the third was the king of England in the 1770's.Though he was a good man he was not a good ruler. He lost all of the 13 American colonies and caused America to start to gain its freedom.	20
1234808718	Baron Von Steuben	A stern, Prussian drillmaster that taught American soldiers during the Revolutionary War how to successfully fight the British.	21
1234808719	Mercantilism	According to this doctrine, the colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country; they should add to its wealth, prosperity, and self-sufficiency. The settlers were regarded more or less as tenants. They were expected to produce tobacco and other products needed in England and not to bother their heads with dangerous experiments in agriculture or self-government.	22
1234808720	No Taxation without Representation"	This is a theory of popular government that developed in England. This doctrine was used by the colonists to protest the Stamp Act of 1765. The colonists declared that they had no one representing them in Parliament, so Parliament had no right to tax them. England continued to tax the colonists causing them to deny Parliament's authority completely. Thus, the colonists began to consider their own political independence. This eventually led to revolutionary consequences.	23
1234808721	Royal Veto	A royal veto was when legislation passed by the colonial assemblies conflicted with British regulations. It was then declared void by the Privy Council. It was resented by the colonists but was only used 469 times out of 8563 laws.	24
1234808722	Lord North	1770's to 1782 King George III's stout prime minister (governor during Boston Tea Party) in the 1770's. Lord North's rule fell in March of 1782, which therefore ended the rule of George III for a short while.	25
1234808723	George Grenville	George Grenville was the British Prime Minister from 1763-1765. To obtain funds for Britain after the costly 7-Years War, in 1763 he ordered the Navy to enforce the unpopular Navigation Laws, and in 1764 he got Parliament to pass the Sugar Act, which increased duties on sugar imported from the West Indies. He also, in 1765, brought about the Quartering Act, which forced colonists to provide food and shelter to British soldiers, who many colonists believed were only present to keep the colonists in line.	26
1234808724	Samuel Adams	Often called the "Penman of the Revolution" He was a Master propagandist and an engineer of rebellion. Though very weak and feeble in appearance, he was a strong politician and leader that was very aware and sensitive to the rights of the colonists. He organized the local committees of correspondence in Massachusetts, starting with Boston in 1772. These committees were designed to oppose British policy forced on the colonists by spreading propaganda.	27
1234808725	Charles Townshend	Charles Townshend was control of the British ministry and was nicknamed "Champagne Charley" for his brilliant speeches in Parliament while drunk. He persuaded Parliament in 1767 to pass the Townshend Acts. These new regulations was a light import duty on glass, white lead, paper, and tea. It was a tax that the colonist were greatly against and was a near start for rebellions to take place.	28
1234808726	John Adams	patriot of the American Revolution, second president of the US; president from 1796-1800; attended the Continental Congress in 1774 as a delegate from Georgia; swayed his countrymen to take revolutionary action against England which later gained America independence from the English.	29
1234808727	John Hancock	Nicknamed "King of the Smugglers" ; He was a wealthy Massachusetts merchant in 1776 who was important in persuading the American colonies to declare their independence from England. He was the ring leader in the plot to store gunpowder which resulted in the battles in Lexington and Concord. These battles began the American Revolution.	30

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APUSH - Chapter 8: America Secedes from the Empire - American Pageant, 15th Edition Flashcards

American Pageant, 15th Edition

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1234823144	Declaration of Independence	Formally approved by the Congress on July 4, 1776. This "shout heard round the world" has been a source of inspiration to countless revolutionary movements against arbitrary authority. The document sharply separated Loyalists from Patriots and helped to start the American Revolution by allowing England to hear of the colonists disagreements with British authority.	0
1234823145	Loyalists / Tories	A colonist in the new world who remained loyal to the British during the American Revolution.	1
1234823146	Whigs/Patriots	Name given to party of patriots of the new land resisting England prior to the Declaration of Independence.	2
1234823147	Treaty of Paris of 1783	The British recognized the independence of the United States. It granted boundaries, which stretched from the Mississippi on the west, to the Great Lakes on the north, and to Spanish Florida on the south. The Yankees retained a share of Newfoundland. It greatly upset the Canadians.	3
1234823148	Second Continental Congress	The Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775. Three delegates added to the Congress were Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and John Hancock. The Congress took on governmental duties. (United all the colonies for the war effort.) They selected George Washington as Commander in Chief. They encouraged the colonies to set themselves up as states. On July 4, 1776 they adopted the Declaration of Independence. The Congress ended March 1, 1781 when a Congress authorized by the Articles of Confederation took over.	4
1234823149	Common Sense	Common Sense written in 1776 was one of the most potent pamphlets ever written. It called for the colonists to realize their mistreatment and push for independence from England. The author Thomas Paine introduced such ideas as nowhere in the universe sis a smaller heavenly body control a larger. For this reason their is no reason for England to have control over the vast lands of America. The pamphlet with its high-class journalism as well as propaganda sold a total of 120,000 copies within a few months.	5
1234823150	John Jay	John Jay was the First Chief Justice of the United States, and also an American statesman and jurist. Elected to the Continental Congress, he also helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris w/ Great Britain, ending the American Revolution. Serving as governor of New York State from 1795 to 1801, he was a advocate of a strong national government. Appointed by Washington, Jay negotiated a settlement when was w/ Britain threatened due to controversies over the Treaty of Paris: it became known as Jay's Treaty.	6
1234823151	Mercenaries	A mercenary is a person hired for service in the army of a foreign country. For example, in the late 1760's George III hired soldiers to fight in the British army against Americans	7
1234823152	Natural Rights Theory	The theory that people are born with certain "natural rights." Some say these rights are anything people do in the pursuit of liberty..as long as the rights of others are not impeded.	8
1234823153	Privateering	Privately owned armed ships specifically authorized by congress to prey on enemy shipping. There were over a thousand American privateers who responded to the call of patriotism and profit. The privateers brought in urgently needed gold, harassed the enemy, and raised American morale. (American Revolution, 1775-1783)	9
1234823154	Thomas Jefferson	Thomas Jefferson was a member of the House of Burgesses, wrote the Declaration of Independence, was ambassador to France, and was the President of the United States of America. He did all these things before, during, and after the Revolutionary war. With his Declaration of Independence he declared the colonies' freedom from England. While President, he bought the Louisiana Purchase and had Lewis and Clark to explore it.	10
1234823155	Marquis de Lafayette	A wealthy French nobleman, nicknamed "French Gamecock", made major general of colonial army, got commission on part of his family.	11
1234823156	Admiral de Grasse	Admiral de Grasse operated a powerful French fleet in the West Indies. He advised America he was free to join with them in an assault on Cornwallis at Yorktown. Rochambeau's French army defended British by land and Admiral de Grasse blockaded them by sea. This resulted in Cornwallis's surrender on October 19, 1781.	12
1234823157	Patrick Henry	Patrick Henry was a fiery lawyer during revolutionary War times. Supporting a break from Great Britain, he is famous for the words, "give me liberty, or give me death!" which concluded a speech given to the Virginia Assembly in 1775. This quote is a symbol of American patriotism still today. After the American Revolution, Henry served two terms as governor of Virginia and was also instrumental in the development of the Bill of Rights.	13
1234823159	Comte de Rochambeau	Commanded a powerful French army of six thousand troops in the summer of 1780 and arrived in Newport, Rhode Island. They were planning a Franco - American attack on New York.	14
1234823162	Barry St. Leger	Barry St. Leger was a British officer in the American Revolutionary War. He led a British advance into New York's Mohawk Valley in the summer of 1777. Hoping to join the British army of General John Burgoyne at Albany, St. Leger was halted by American militia in Fort Stanwix. His forces were nearly destroyed while repelling an American relief unit at Oriskany, and the approach of additional American troops forced St. Leger to retreat to Canada.	15
1234823163	George Rogers Clark	Frontiersman; led the seizing of 3 British forts in 1777; led to the British giving the region north of the Ohio River to the United States.	16
1234823164	Richard Henry Lee	Richard Henry Lee was a member of the Philadelphia Congress during the late 1770's. On June 7, 1776 he declared, "These United colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states." This resolution was the start of the Declaration of Independence and end to British relations.	17
1234823165	Horatio Gates	Horatio Gates started in the English army and worked his way up through the ranks. Latter during the revolution he turned sides and was appointed to take charge of the Continental army of the North. One of Gates accomplishments was his victory at Saratoga. His career in the army ended when he lost to General Charles Cornwallis.	18
1234823166	John Paul Jones	The commander of one of America's ships; daring, hard-fighting young Scotsman; helped to destroy British merchant ships in 1777; brought war into the water of the British seas.	19
1234823167	Charles Cornwallis	Cornwallis was a British general who fought in the Seven Years War, was elected to the House of Commons in 1760, and lost battles to George Washington on December 26, 1776 and on January 3, 1777. Cornwallis made his mark on history, even though he could never ensure an overall British win over the Americans. He had many individual victories and losses against the Americans in the American Revolution and will always be remembered as a great and powerful general.	20
1234823168	Thomas Paine	Thomas Paine was a passionate and persuasive writer who published the bestseller, Common Sense in 1776. Paine had the radical idea that the colonies should set up America as an independent, democratic, republic away from England. Over 120,000 copies of his book were sold and this helped spark the colonists rebellion later that year.	21
1234823169	Nathanael Greene	Nathanael Greene was a colonial general who fought the English in the late eighteenth century-- used fighting tactic of retreating and getting the English to pursue for miles. Historical Significance: Cleared Georgia and South Carolina of British troops.	22
1234823170	Benedict Arnold	He was an American General during the Revolutionary War (1776). He prevented the British from reaching Ticonderoga. Later, in 1778, he tried to help the British take West Point and the Hudson River but he was found out and declared a traitor.	23
1234823171	John Burgoyne	Burgoyne was a British general that submitted a plan for invading New York state from Canada. He was then given charge of the army. Though defeated, he advanced troops near Lake Champlain to near Albany. Burgoyne surrendered at Saratoga on Oct. 17, 1777. This battle helped to bring France into the war as an ally for the United States, this has been called one of the decisive battles of history	24
1234823172	George Washington	Washington pulled his small force back into Fort Necessity where he was overwhelmed (1754) by the French. He was the commander of Virginia's frontier troops as a colonel. Left the army in 1758. Also the first President of the United States. Took office (Apr.30, 1789) in New York City.	25
1234823173	William Howe	English General who commanded the English forces at Bunker Hill. Howe did not relish the rigors of winter campaigning, and he found more agreeable the bedtime company of his mistress. At a time when it seemed obvious that he should join the forces in New York, he joined the main British army for an attack on Philadelphia.	26

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Calculus Flashcards

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1241411988	1		0
1241411989	0		1
1241411990	Squeeze Theorem		2
1241411991	f is continuous at x=c if...		3
1241411992	Intermediate Value Theorem	If f is continuous on [a,b] and k is a number between f(a) and f(b), then there exists at least one number c such that f(c)=k	4
1241411993	Global Definition of a Derivative		5
1241411994	Alternative Definition of a Derivative	f '(x) is the limit of the following difference quotient as x approaches c	6
1241411995	nx^(n-1)		7
1241411996	1		8
1241411997	cf'(x)		9
1241411998	f'(x)+g'(x)		10
1241411999	The position function OR s(t)		11
1241412000	f'(x)-g'(x)		12
1241412001	uvw'+uv'w+u'vw		13
1241412002	cos(x)		14
1241412003	-sin(x)		15
1241412004	sec²(x)		16
1241412005	-csc²(x)		17
1241412006	sec(x)tan(x)		18
1241412007	dy/dx		19
1241412008	f'(g(x))g'(x)		20
1241412009	Extreme Value Theorem	If f is continuous on [a,b] then f has an absolute maximum and an absolute minimum on [a,b]. The global extrema occur at critical points in the interval or at endpoints of the interval.	21
1241412010	Critical Number	If f'(c)=0 or does not exist, and c is in the domain of f, then c is a critical number. (Derivative is 0 or undefined)	22
1241412011	Rolle's Theorem	Let f be continuous on [a,b] and differentiable on (a,b) and if f(a)=f(b) then there is at least one number c on (a,b) such that f'(c)=0 (If the slope of the secant is 0, the derivative must = 0 somewhere in the interval).	23
1241412012	Mean Value Theorem	The instantaneous rate of change will equal the mean rate of change somewhere in the interval. Or, the tangent line will be parallel to the secant line.	24
1241412013	First Derivative Test for local extrema		25
1241412014	Point of inflection at x=k		26
1241412015	Combo Test for local extrema	If f'(c) = 0 and f"(c)<0, there is a local max on f at x=c. If f'(c) = 0 and f"(c)>0, there is a local min on f at x=c.	27
1241412016	Horizontal Asymptote		28
1241412017	L'Hopital's Rule		29
1241412018	x+c		30
1241412019	sin(x)+C		31
1241412020	-cos(x)+C		32
1241412021	tan(x)+C		33
1241412022	-cot(x)+C		34
1241412023	sec(x)+C		35
1241412024	-csc(x)+C		36
1241412025	Fundamental Theorem of Calculus #1	The definite integral of a rate of change is the total change in the original function.	37
1241412026	Fundamental Theorem of Calculus #2		38
1241412027	Mean Value Theorem for integrals or the average value of a functions		39
1241412028	ln(x)+C		40
1241412029	-ln(cosx)+C = ln(secx)+C	hint: tanu = sinu/cosu	41
1241412030	ln(sinx)+C = -ln(cscx)+C		42
1241412031	ln(secx+tanx)+C = -ln(secx-tanx)+C		43
1241412032	ln(cscx+cotx)+C = -ln(cscx-cotx)+C		44
1241412033	If f and g are inverses of each other, g'(x)		45
1241412034	Exponential growth (use N= )		46
1241412035	Area under a curve		47
1241412036	Formula for Disk Method	Axis of rotation is a boundary of the region.	48
1241412037	Formula for Washer Method	Axis of rotation is not a boundary of the region.	49
1241412038	Inverse Secant Antiderivative		50
1241412039	Inverse Tangent Antiderivative		51
1241412040	Inverse Sine Antiderivative		52
1241412041	Derivative of eⁿ		53
1241412042	ln(a)*aⁿ+C		54
1241412043	Derivative of ln(u)		55
1241412044	Antiderivative of f(x) from [a,b]		56
1241412045	Opposite Antiderivatives		57
1241412046	Antiderivative of xⁿ		58
1241412047	Adding or subtracting antiderivatives		59
1241412048	Constants in integrals		60
1241412049	Identity function	D: (-∞,+∞) R: (-∞,+∞)	61
1241412050	Squaring function	D: (-∞,+∞) R: (o,+∞)	62
1241412051	Cubing function	D: (-∞,+∞) R: (-∞,+∞)	63
1241412052	Reciprocal function	D: (-∞,+∞) x can't be zero R: (-∞,+∞) y can't be zero	64
1241412053	Square root function	D: (0,+∞) R: (0,+∞)	65
1241412054	Exponential function	D: (-∞,+∞) R: (0,+∞)	66
1241412055	Natural log function	D: (0,+∞) R: (-∞,+∞)	67
1241412056	Sine function	D: (-∞,+∞) R: [-1,1]	68
1241412057	Cosine function	D: (-∞,+∞) R: [-1,1]	69
1241412058	Absolute value function	D: (-∞,+∞) R: [0,+∞)	70
1241412059	Logistic function	D: (-∞,+∞) R: (0, 1)	71
1241412060	cos(π/6)	√3/2	72
1241412061	cos(π/4)	√2/2	73
1241412062	cos(π/3)	1/2	74
1241412063	cos(π/2)	0	75
1241412064	cos(2π/3)	−1/2	76
1241412065	cos(3π/4)	−√2/2	77
1241412066	cos(5π/6)	−√3/2	78
1241412067	cos(π)	−1	79
1241412068	cos(7π/6)	−√3/2	80
1241412069	cos(5π/4)	−√2/2	81
1241412070	cos(4π/3)	−1/2	82
1241412071	cos(3π/2)	0	83
1241412072	cos(5π/3)	1/2	84
1241412073	cos(7π/4)	√2/2	85
1241412074	cos(11π/6)	√3/2	86
1241412075	cos(2π)	1	87
1241412076	sin(π/6)	1/2	88
1241412077	sin(π/4)	√2/2	89
1241412078	sin(π/3)	√3/2	90
1241412079	sin(π/2)	1	91
1241412080	sin(2π/3)	√3/2	92
1241412081	sin(3π/4)	√2/2	93
1241412082	sin(5π/6)	1/2	94
1241412083	sin(π)	0	95
1241412084	sin(7π/6)	−1/2	96
1241412085	sin(5π/4)	−√2/2	97
1241412086	sin(4π/3)	−√3/2	98
1241412087	sin(3π/2)	−1	99
1241412088	sin(5π/3)	−√3/2	100
1241412089	sin(7π/4)	−√2/2	101
1241412090	sin(11π/6)	−1/2	102
1241412091	sin(2π)	0	103
1241412092	f(x) = e^(x-2)	Asymptote: y=0 Domain: (-∞, ∞)	104
1241412093	f(x)=ln(x-2)	Asymptote: x=2 Domain: (2, ∞)	105
1241412094	f(x)=ln(-x)	Asymptote: x=0 Domain: (-∞, 0)	106
1241412095	f(x)=e^(x+2)	Asymptote: y=0 Domain: (-∞, ∞)	107
1241412096	f(x)= -2+lnx	Asymptote: x=0 Domain: (0, ∞)	108
1241412097	f(x)=-lnx	Asymptote: x=0 Domain: (0, ∞)	109
1241412098	f(x) = e^(x) +2	Asymptote: y=2 Domain: (-∞, ∞)	110
1241412099	f(x)=ln(x+2)	Asymptote: x=-2 Domain: (-2, ∞)	111
1241412100	What does the graph y = sin(x) look like?		112
1241412101	What does the graph y = cos(x) look like?		113
1241412102	What does the graph y = tan(x) look like?		114
1241412103	What does the graph y = csc(x) look like?		115
1241412104	What does the graph y = sec(x) look like?		116
1241412105	What does the graph y = cot(x) look like?		117
1241412106	d/dx[e^x]=	e^x	118
1241412107	d/dx[a^x]=	a^x*lna	119
1241412108	d/dx[e^g(x)]=	g'(x)e^g(x)	120
1241412109	d/dx[a^g(x)]=	g'(x)a^g(x)lna	121
1241412110	d/dx[cos⁻¹x]=	-1/√(1-x^2)	122
1241412111	d/dx[sin⁻¹x]=	1/√(1-x^2)	123
1241412112	d/dx[tan⁻¹x]=	1/(1+x^2)	124
1241412113	d/dx[tanx]=	sec²x	125
1241412114	d/dx[secx]=	secxtanx	126
1241412115	d/dx[cscx]=	-cscxcotx	127
1241412116	d/dx[cotx]=	-csc²x	128
1241412117	∫e^xdx=	e^x+C	129
1241412118	∫a^xdx=	(a^x)/lna+C	130
1241412119	∫1/xdx=	ln\|x\|+C	131
1241412120	∫1/(1+x^2)dx=	tan⁻¹x+C	132
1241412121	∫1/(a^2+x^2)dx=	(1/a)(tan⁻¹(x/a)+C	133
1241412122	∫1/√(1-x^2)dx=	sin⁻¹x+C	134
1241412123	∫tanxdx=	ln\|secx\|+C	135
1241412124	Trig Identity: 1=	cos²x+sin²x	136
1241412125	Trig Identity: sec²x=	tan²x+1	137
1241412126	Trig Identity: cos²x=	½(1+cos(2x))	138
1241412127	Trig Identity: sin²x=	½(1-cos(2x))	139
1241412128	Trig Identity: sin(2x)=	2sinxcosx	140
1241412129	Trig Identity: cos(2x)=	1-2sin²x = 2cos²x-1	141
1241412130	Integration by Parts: Choice of u	I = Inverse Trig Function L = Natural log (lnx) A = Algebraic Expression (x, x², x³...) T = Trig function (sinx, cosx) E = e^x	142
1241412131	∫secxdx=	ln\|secx+tanx\|+C	143
1241412132	What does the graph y = sin(x) look like?		144
1241412133	What does the graph y = cos(x) look like?		145
1241412134	What does the graph y = tan(x) look like?		146
1241412135	What does the graph y = csc(x) look like?		147
1241412136	What does the graph y = sec(x) look like?		148
1241412137	What does the graph y = cot(x) look like?		149
1241412138	d/dx[e^x]=	e^x	150
1241412139	d/dx[a^x]=	a^x*lna	151
1241412140	d/dx[e^g(x)]=	g'(x)e^g(x)	152
1241412141	d/dx[a^g(x)]=	g'(x)a^g(x)lna	153
1241412142	d/dx[cos⁻¹x]=	-1/√(1-x^2)	154
1241412143	d/dx[sin⁻¹x]=	1/√(1-x^2)	155
1241412144	d/dx[tan⁻¹x]=	1/(1+x^2)	156
1241412145	d/dx[tanx]=	sec²x	157
1241412146	d/dx[secx]=	secxtanx	158
1241412147	d/dx[cscx]=	-cscxcotx	159
1241412148	d/dx[cotx]=	-csc²x	160
1241412149	∫e^xdx=	e^x+C	161
1241412150	∫a^xdx=	(a^x)/lna+C	162
1241412151	∫1/xdx=	ln\|x\|+C	163
1241412152	∫1/(1+x^2)dx=	tan⁻¹x+C	164
1241412153	∫1/(a^2+x^2)dx=	(1/a)(tan⁻¹(x/a)+C	165
1241412154	∫1/√(1-x^2)dx=	sin⁻¹x+C	166
1241412155	∫tanxdx=	ln\|secx\|+C	167
1241412156	Trig Identity: 1=	cos²x+sin²x	168
1241412157	Trig Identity: sec²x=	tan²x+1	169
1241412158	Trig Identity: cos²x=	½(1+cos(2x))	170
1241412159	Trig Identity: sin²x=	½(1-cos(2x))	171
1241412160	Trig Identity: sin(2x)=	2sinxcosx	172
1241412161	Trig Identity: cos(2x)=	1-2sin²x = 2cos²x-1	173
1241412162	Integration by Parts: Choice of u	I = Inverse Trig Function L = Natural log (lnx) A = Algebraic Expression (x, x², x³...) T = Trig function (sinx, cosx) E = e^x	174
1241412163	∫secxdx=	ln\|secx+tanx\|+C	175

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APUSH american pagent chapter 1-5 Flashcards

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478096290	house of burgess was in: and created in:(year)	virginia, 1619	0
478096291	what kind of government was the house of burgesses	representative self-government	1
478282281	north american continent was shaped by	glaciers of the great ice age	2
478282282	the first settlers came to north america by	crossing over the "land bridge"	3
478282283	early indian civilizations of mexico and peru were built on the economic foundation of	farming, mainly corn	4
478282284	most indians lived in small	seminomadic agriculture and hunting communities	5
478282285	many indian cultures traced decent through the(matrilineal)	female line	6
478282286	"discovered" the pacific ocean across the isthmus of panama	Vasco Balba	7
478282287	touches and names florida searching for the legendary "fountain of youth"	Ponce de Leon	8
478282288	enters florida and travels up southeastern u.s and dies and is burried in the mississippi river	Hernando Cortes	9
478282289	spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas and ships gold and silver back to the old world	Francisco Pizarro	10
478282290	searching for the city of gold, Cibola, and found pueblo indians	Francisco Coranado	11
478282291	the oldest mountains in N.america	appalachians	12
478282292	indians had many____ and spoke more than ______ languages	divers cultures, two thousand	13
478282293	had 5 tribes in new york state only met to discuss war/defense	Iroquois confederation	14
478282294	the iroquois remained a strong political and military influence until	the american revolution	15
478282295	important forces that first stimulated european interest in trade and discovery	christian crusades who brought back a taste for the silks and spices of asia	16
478282296	american indian products that spread to the old world	foodstuff such as maize, beans and tomatoes	17
478282297	primary staples of indian agriculture	maize, beans, and squash	18
478282298	number of indians when columbus arrived was about	20 million	19
478282299	first people that set foot in north america	the norse (vikings)	20
478282300	who was the first to enter the slaved trade and establish large plantations and where?	the portuguese, the atlantic sugar islands	21
478282301	much impetus for spanish exploration and pursuit of glory in the early 1500s came from spain's recent	national unification and expulsion of the muslim moors	22
478282302	a crucial political development that paved the way for european colonization of america was	the rise of the ventralized national monarchies such as that of spain	23
478282303	primary reason for the indian decline after the encounter with the europeans was	indian's lack of resistance to european diseases	24
478282304	cortes and his men were able to conquer the aztec capital tenochtitlan partly because	the aztec ruler montezuma believed that cortes was a god whos return was predicted	25
478282305	the primary early colonial competitor with spain in the new world was	portugal	26
478282306	the belief that the spanish only killed, tortured, and stole in the americas while doing nothing good	the black legend	27
478282307	protestant england's early colonial ambitions were fueled by	its religious rivalry with catholic spain	28
478282308	the defeat of the spanish armada was important to north america because	it enabled england to conquer the atlantic and have a sence of nationalism	29
478282309	true or false the earliest english colonization efforts experienced a suprising success	false	30
478282310	among the english citizens most interested in colonization were	unemployed yeomen and the younger sons of gentry	31
478282311	the defeat of the powhatan's indian forces in virginia was achieved partly by	lord de la warr's use of brutal "irish tactics"	32
478282312	the primary factor disrupting indian cultures in the early years of english settlement	introduction of disease	33
478282313	maryland was founded as a religious refuge for persicuted	catholics	34
478282314	south carolina had close economic ties with	british west indies	35
478282315	principle export crop of the carolinas	rice	36
478282316	south carolina sold __ slaves in the west indies	indian	37
478282317	two colonies that avoided slavery in the early years	north carolina and georgia	38
478282318	what colony was more democratic and individualistic in social outlook	north carolina	39
478282319	georgia was a	buffer zone colony	40
478282320	southern colonies relied on ________ for their economic prosperity	staple-crop plantation agriculture	41
478282321	after decades of religious termoil, protestantism finally gained permanent dominance in england after the succession to the throne of	queen elizabeth 1	42
478282322	imperial england and english soilders developed a contemptuous attitude toward natives partly through their colonizing experiences in	ireland	43
478282323	during the early colinization efforts england was	undergoing rapid economic and social transformations	44
478282324	many of the early puritain settlers were	uprooted sheep farmers from eastern and western england	45
478282325	england's first colony was	jamestown	46
478282326	jamestown was saved from failure by____'s leadership and _________ 's tabacco	john smith, john rolfe	47
478282327	one important difference betweent he founding of the virginia and maryland colonies was	virginia colonist would come only if they could acquire their own land and maryland labored for their landlords	48
478282328	after the act of toleration in ______ maryland provided religious freedom for	1649 protestants and catholics	49
478282329	primary reason no new colonies were founded between 1634 and 1670	civil war in england	50
478282330	the early conflicts between the english and the indians near jamestown laid the basis for	the intermarriage of white settlers and indians	51
478282331	middle ground	the neutral teritory between english soldiers and indian tribes	52
478282332	after the defeat of the costal tuscarora and yamasee indians by north carolinians in 1711-1715	powerful creeks, cherokees and iroquois remained in the appalacian mountains	53
478282333	most early white settlers in morth carolina were	religious dissenters and poor whites fleeing aristocratic virginia	54
478282334	the high minded philanthropists who founded the georgia colony were especially interested in the cuases of	prison reform and avoiding slavery	55
478282335	New governor of Jamestown who arrived in 1610, immediately imposing a military regime in Jamestown and declaring war against the Powhatan Confederacy. Employed "Irish tactics" in which his troops burned houses and cornfields.	lord de la warr	56
478556649	according to Puritans, only these individuals should be admitted to church membership	visible saints	57
478556650	a group of people who sought freedomfrom religious persecution in England by founding a colony at Massachusetts Bay in the early 1600s. wanted to purify the church	puritains	58
478556651	roger williams and anne hutchinson were both banished for	their religious teachings	59
478556652	what colony was the most tolerant with religion and plotics	rhode island	60
478556653	true or false the wampanoag people intially befriended the english colonist	true	61
478556654	He was the royal governor of the Dominion of New England. Colonists resented his enforcement of the Navigation Acts and the attempt to abolish the colonial assembly.	edmund andros	62
478556655	edmund andros's dominon of new england was overthrown in connection with the	glorious revolution in england	63
478556656	the indian tribe that first encountered the pilgrims	wampanoags	64
478556657	dutch new netherland was conquered in _____ by ____	1664 sweden	65
478556658	william penn founded the________ and welcomed ____	pennsylvania colony everybody	66
478556659	what kind of agriculter did the middle colonies have and why	rich because of the fertile river valleys	67
478556660	william penn had what kind of polocies towards indians and who supported them	benevolent non-quakers	68
478556661	what colony was characterized by being tightly knit, ethically homogeneous communities that shared a common sense of religious purpose	new england	69
478556662	the principle motivation shaping the earliest settlements in new england was	religious commitment and devotion	70
478556663	compared witht he plymouth colony, the massachusetts bay colony was	larger and more prosperous economically	71
478556664	one reason massachusetts bay colony was not a true democracy is that	only male church members could vote for the governer and the general court	72
478556665	which colony had complete religious freedom	rhode island	73
478556666	before the english settlements in new england, indians in the region had been devestated by	intertribal conflicts caused by disputes over hunting grounds	74
478556667	puritain missionary efforts to convert indians into christians	was unsuccessful	75
478556668	king philips war represented	the last major indian effort to halt new englanders' encroachment on their land	76
478556669	the primary value of the new england confederation lay in	providing the first small step on the road to intercolonial cooperation	77
478556670	the even that sparked the collapse of the dominion of new england was	the glorious revolution in england	78
478556671	the dutch colony of new netherland was governed	harshly and undemocratically	79
478556672	the short lived colony conquered by dutch new netherland in 1655 was	new sweden	80
478556673	william penn's colony of pennsylavania activley sought settlers from	germany and other non-british countries	81
478556674	quakers settled mainly in	pennsylvania, new jersey and delaware	82
478556675	middle colonies	New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware	83
478556676	the middle colonies had more ethnic diversity than	new england and the southern colonies	84
478556677	conqueror of new sweden who later lost new netherland to the english	peter stuyvesant	85
478556678	wompanoag chieftain who befriended english colonists	massasoit	86
478556679	reformer whose religious ideas inspired english puritans, scotch presbyterians, french huguenots, and dutch reformed	john calvin	87
478556680	representative assembly of massachusetts bay	general court	88
478556681	promoter of massachusetts bay as a holy "city upon a hill"	john winthrop	89
478556682	colony whose government sought to enforce gods law on believers and unbeilevers alike	massachussetts bay colony	90
478556683	life expectancy amoung the 17th century settlers of maryland and virginia	40-50 years	91
478556684	the chesapeake area had more men or women? this caused what	men, fierce competition for women	92
478556685	chesapeake bay tobacco planters responded to falling prices by	planting more	93
478556686	maryland and viriginia's system of granting land to anyone who would pay trans atlantic passage for laborers	headrights system	94
478556687	most european immagrants were	indentured servants	95
478556688	A rebellion lead by Nathaniel Bacon with backcountry farmers to attack Native Americans in an attemp to gain more land	bacon's rebellion	96
478556689	african slaves began to replace white indentured servants in	the 1680s	97
478556690	women of new england had fewer what than women of the south?	property rights	98
478556691	new england's commercial wealth was based on	fishing,lumber, shipping	99
478556692	african slavery became the prevalent form of labor in the 1680s because	they couldn't rely on white indentured servants anymore	100
478556693	the culture of the slaves in the english colonies were	a mix of african and american	101
478556694	political and economic power in the southern colonies was dominated by	wealthy planters	102
478556695	because there were few urban centers in the colonial south what was slow to develop	lawyers and financers	103
478556696	puritan lawmakers in new england prevented married women from having property rights because	they feared it would undercut the unity of married couples	104
478556697	in new england, elementry education was mandatory	for any town with more than 50 families	105
478556698	the congregational church of the puritains contributed to	the development of basic democracy in the new england town meeting	106
478556699	who lived longer the chesapeake bay or the new englanders	new england	107
478556700	the focus of much of new englands polotics, religion, and education was the institution of	the town	108
478556701	half-way covenant	this admitted to baptism, but no full communion, the unconverted children of existing members	109
478556702	people accused of being witches in salem were generally	from families associated with salem's burgeoning market economy	110
478556703	english settlers greatly changed the character of the new england enviornment by	their extensive introduction of livestalk	111
478556704	most of the spectacular growthof the colonial population stemmed from	the remarkable natural fertility of all americans, white and black	112
478556705	the most numerous white ethnic group was	the germans and the scots-irish	113
478556706	the lowest class of whites were	convicted criminals and prisoners shipped to america by british authorities	114
478556707	jayle birds	popular term for convicted criminals dumped on colonies by British authorities	115
478556708	thomas jefferons______ was removed from the declaration of independence by other members of congress	condemnation of british support of the slave trade	116
478556709	the most highly regarded profession	ministers	117
478556710	most important colonial economic activities	fishing, shipping, and ocean-going trade	118
478556711	which church had a more powerful force in colonial life	congregational church of england	119
478556712	Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established.	great awakening	120
478556713	johnathan edwards	Helped start great awakening and wrote sinners in the hands of an angry god	121
478556714	george whitefield	Credited with starting the Great Awakening, also a leader of the "New Lights."	122
478556715	great awakening revivalists replaced older puritan ideas of conversion and salvation with __ rational and _____ emorional beliefs	less more	123
478556716	early colonial education was linked with	religion	124
478556717	the central point of conflict in colonial politics was the relation between	the democratically elected lower house and the governers appointed by the king or colonial proprieter	125
478556718	germans settled mostly in	pennsylvania	126
478556719	the scots-irish eventually became concentrated in	the frontier areas	127
478556720	compared with the seventeeth century, the eighteenth centuray showed	greater gaps in wealth and status between rich and poor	128
478556721	primary source of livlihood for most colonial americans was	agriculture	129
478556722	indians and african-americans shaed the common american experience of	creating new cultures and societies out of the mingling of diverse ethnic groups	130
478556723	involuntary immagrants that ranked below indentured servants	convicts and paupers	131
478556724	triangular trade involved	new england, africa, west indies	132
478556725	the passage of british restrictions on trade encouraged colonial merchants to	find ways to smuggle and otherwise evade the law by trading with other countries	133
478556726	besides offering rest and refreshment, colonial taverns served an important function as centers of	news and political opinion	134
478556727	the anglican church suffered in colonial america becase of its	poorly qualified clergy and close ties with british authoritiese	135
478556728	the two established churches	anglican and congregational	136
478556729	amoung the many important results of hte great awakening was that it	broke down sectional boundaries and created a greater sense of common american identity	137
478556730	a primary weapon used by colonial legislatures in their conflicts with royal governors was	using their power of the purse to withold the governors salary	138
478556731	Scots-Irish frontiersmen who protested against colonial elites of Pennsylvania and North Carolina	paxton boys regulators	139
478556732	ministers who supported the great awakening	new lights	140
478556733	The case that established the precedent that true statements about public officials could not be prosecuted as libel	zenger case	141
478556734	upper house of a colonial legislature appointed by the crown or the proprietor	council	142
478556735	benjamin franklin's highly popular collection of information, parables, and advice	poor richards almanac	143
478556736	former slave who became a poet at an early age	phillis wheatley	144
478556737	important mississippian culture site, near present east st. louis	cahokio	145
478556738	flourishing west african kingdom that had its capital and university at timbuktu	mali	146
478556739	colony founded by sir walter raleigh that mysteriously disappeared in the 1580s	roanoke	147
478556740	staple crop of early virginia, maryland, and north carolina	tobacco	148
478556741	the only southern colony with a slave majority	south carolina	149
478556742	south carolina staple crop	rice	150
478556743	charles 1's political action of 1629 that led to persecution of the puritains and the formation of the massachusetts bay company	dismisal of parliment	151
478556744	anne hutchinson's belief that if you are saved you don't need to obey god or the law	antinominism	152
478556745	Required, sworn statements of loyalty or religious belief, resisted by Quakers	teslotes	153
478556746	spanish set up_____ french set up___ and british set up____	santa fe quebec and jamestown	154
478556747	who launched the english protestant revolution	king henry the VIII	155
478556748	virginia company recives a charter from ___ for ______--	king james I for a new settlement	156
478556749	after john smith who came to help james town	lord de la warr	157
478556750	ruined the land, king james I detested it,	tobacco	158
478556751	maryland was founded by	lord baltimore	159
478556752	thousands of slaves were needed to opperate sugar plantations in	the west indies	160
478556753	charles town was based on	trading furs and providing food	161
478556754	original carolina settlers came from	barbados	162
478556755	building block of iriquois, 25ft x 200ft long	longhouse	163
478556756	difference between pilgrims and puritans	pilgrims wanted to seperate from the church while puritans wanted to purify the church	164
478556757	captain shrimp was on the mayflower and he	he fought indians and he negotiaed with them	165
478556758	the first winter was harsh only __ out of 102 people survived	44	166
478556759	governer of plymouth	william bradford	167
478556760	what colony sheltered abused quakers, demanded no oaths, and accepted jews and catholics	rhode island	168
478556761	men fought for women, no grandparents, 1/3 of the brides were already pregnant,	southern characteristics	169
478556762	few families, marriges last about 7 years because of death, half the people don't make it to their 20th birthday	family characteristics of the south	170
478556763	what happened to the chesapeake bay and its tobacco	there exports rose from1.5 million to 40 million	171
478556764	governer of jamestown	william berkeley	172
478556765	slave rebellion that involved 20 black carolinians that killed 20 whites and 40 blacks	stuno county rebellion	173
478556766	ffvs	fitzhughs, lees, and the washingtons	174
478556767	what colony had drunk problems	virginia	175
478556768	clean water, puritan average life span of 70 years, very fertile people	new england characteristics	176
478556769	stable nurturing, childern were obiedient, recieved guidance, knew grandparents, low premarital pregnancy rates	family new england characteristics	177
478556770	in ____ population was doubling every____ years	1775 25	178
478556771	most populous colony	virginia	179
478556772	what % of the pop. was germans	6	180
478556773	what % of the pop. was the scotts-irish	7	181
478556774	philadelphia and new york built ___ to care for the poor	almhouses	182
478556775	were poorly trained, no one liked them used bleeding as a common practice	doctors	183
478556776	argriculture was __% of the people	90	184
478556777	kill devil rum was manufactured in	rhode island and mass.	185
478556778	harvard	mass.	186
478556779	william and mary	college in the south	187

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IBHOA Vocab Ch. 4- The American Pagent 15th edition Flashcards

IB History of Americas, AP US History, IBHOA, APUSH, bolded words

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1805176958	Indentured Servants	Those whose voyage to the new world was payed by the wealthy in exchange for several years of servitude	0
1805176959	Headright System	Concept applied in Virginia & Maryland promising those who payed for the voyage of an Indentured Servant 50 acres of land	1
1805176960	Bacon's Rebellion	Rebellion led by former indentured servants who never got the land they were promised after completing their time as a servant	2
1805176961	Royal African Company	English joint-stock company with a state-granted monopoly of slave trade in the New World from 1672 to 1698	3
1805176962	Middle Passage	Voyage slaves encountered between their homeland and the New World, much suffering and extremely high disease and mortality rates	4
1805176963	New York Slave Revolt	uprising in 1712 of two dozen slaves that resulted in the death of 9 white and brutal execution of 21 involved slaves	5
1805176964	South Carolina Slave Revolt	uprising of more than 50 slaves in South Carolina where the slaves began marching s attempting to reach Spanish-Florida. They failed	6
1805176965	Stono River	River in which the blacks around it erupted in the South Carolina slave revolt	7
1805176966	Congregational Church	Churches used by the Puritans in which was run democratically. Helped expand the idea of democracy and also helped lead to our current democratic government	8
1805176967	Jeremaid	Firey sermons expressing sorrow to the members' decreasing reverence to God	9
1805176968	Half-Way Covenant	Modification of the "covenant" decreasing the qualifications of being a member of the church	10
1805176969	Salem Witch Trials	Series of trials against women of Salem accused of bewitching the young girls of the village. Ended with the hanging of 19 people, 2 dogs, and another villager pressed to death	11
1805176970	Leisler's Rebellion	Sickening and bloody rebellion in New York City when the wealthy colonists attempted to recreate European social structures in New World	12

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IBHOA Vocab Ch. 3- The American Pagent 15th edition Flashcards

IB History of Americas, AP US History, IBHOA, APUSH, bolded words

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1805018138	Calvinism	New England Puritans...based on teaching forms John Calvin. Believed in predestination	0
1805018139	Predestination	only the "elect" were destined for salvation, although they thought it to be irreversible, they led sanctified lives to prove they were of the "elect"	1
1805018140	Conversion	intense religious expressions that confirmed an individual's place among the "elect" or "visible saints"	2
1805018141	Puritans	English religious reformers who undertook a total purification of English Christianity	3
1805018142	Separatists	sect of Puritans that wanted to break away from the Church of England	4
1805018143	Mayflower Compact	Simple agreement to form a crude government and to submit to the will of the majority under the regulations agreed on	5
1805018144	Great Migration	Time in which about 70 thousand refugees left England to "the New World"	6
1805018145	Antinomianism	belief that living a holy life left no promises, and the truly saved did not need to bother obeying the laws of both God and man	7
1805018146	Fundamental Orders	drafted by settlers in Connecticut River Valley, document was the first "modern constitution" establishing democratically controlled government	8
1805018147	Pequot War	clashes between settlers and Pequot Indians in CT River Valley. Ended in the slaughter of Pequots and Narragansett allies by Puritans	9
1805018148	King Philip's War	series of assaults by Metacom, King Philip on English settlements in New England; slowed the westward migration of English	10
1805018149	New England Confederation	an "experiment in union" launched in 1643 when 4 colonies banded together	11
1805018150	English Civil War	armed conflict between royalists and parliamentarians, resulting in the victory of Pro-parliament leading to Charles I execution	12
1805018151	Dominion of New England	Aimed to support colonial defense in the event of a war with the Native Americans, embraced at first all of New England and later expanded.	13
1805018152	Navigation Laws	Limited trade from all countries not belonging of England	14
1805018153	Glorious (or Bloodless) Revolution	relatively peaceful overthrow of Catholic monarch, James I, replacing him with William III and Mary II	15
1805018154	"Salutary Neglect"	relaxed control over colonial trade and weak enforcement of Navigation Laws. Lasted from Glorious Revolution to French and Indian War	16
1805018155	Patroonships	vast tracts of land along Hudson River in New Netherlands granted to wealthy promoters in exchange for bringing 50 settlers to the property	17
1805018156	"Blue Laws"	designed to restrict personal behavior in accord with a strict code of morality.	18

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IBHOA Vocab Ch. 2- The American Pagent 15th edition Flashcards

IB History of Americas, AP US History, IBHOA, APUSH, bolded words

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1804853189	Protestant Reformation	Reformers sought to eliminate selling of indulgences and encouraged the translation of the Bible into Latin; the movement was launched by Martin Luther in Germany; reform was launched by Henry VIII in England	0
1804853190	Roanoke Island	Sir Walter Raleigh's failed colonial settlement off the coast of N. Carolina	1
1804853191	Spanish Armada	Spanish fleet defeated in the English Channel in 1588. The defeat marked the end for the Spanish Empire	2
1804853192	Primogeniture	laws stated that only the eldest son gets land	3
1804853193	Joint-Stock Company	short-term partnership between investors to fund a commercial enterprise; funded early colonial ventures	4
1804853194	Virginia Company	English joint-stock co. that received a charter from James I that allowed the founding of the Virginia colony	5
1804853195	Charter	a written grant by a country's legislative or sovereign power	6
1804853196	Jamestown	First successful colony settled in the "New World". In Virginia	7
1804853197	First Anglo-Powhatan War	"Irish tactics," used by Lord De La Warr; peace settlement sealed by marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe	8
1804853198	Second Anglo-Powhatan War	In the treaty, Englishmen refused to be associated with Natives: banished from their ancestral land of the Chesapeake, separated whites and Indians; origins of reservation system	9
1804853199	House of Burgesses	An assembly summoned by the settlers with permission from The Virginia Company. Baby steps towards Democracy though it later failed	10
1804853200	Act of Toleration	Passed by the local representative assembaly in 1649 allowing toleration of religion. "Religious Freedom"	11
1804853201	Barbados Slave Code	To control the slave population, authorities devised "codes;" included the right to inflict punishments for even a slight infraction	12
1804853202	Tuscarora War	War in which the colonists crushed the natives and sold many into slavery	13
1804853203	Yamasee Indians	Defeated by the S. Carolinians in war of 1715-1716. Devastated the last of the coastal Indian tribes in the south	14
1804853204	Buffer	In politics, a territory between two antagonistic powers, intended to minimize possibility of conflict. British buffer was Georgia for French and Spanish	15

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APUSH - Chapter 1: New World Beginnings - American Pageant, 15th Edition Flashcards

American Pageant, 15th Edition

Terms : Hide Images

1549905448	Aztecs	A Native American empire who lived in Mexico. Their capital was Tenochtitlan. They worshipped everything around them especially the sun. Cortes conquered them in 1521.	0
1549905449	Pueblo Indians	Lived in the Southwestern United States. They built extensive irrigation systems to water their primary crop, which was corn. Their houses were multi-storied buildings made of adobe.	1
1549905450	Joint Stock Companies	These were developed to gather the savings from the middle class to support finance colonies. Ex. London Company and Plymouth Company.	2
1549905451	Spanish Armada	"Invincible" group of ships sent by King Philip II of Spain to invade England in 1588; Armada was defeated by smaller, more maneuverable English "sea dogs" in the Channel; marked the beginning of English naval dominance and fall of Spanish dominance.	3
1549905452	black legend	The idea developed during North American colonial times that the Spanish utterly destroyed the Indians through slavery and disease while the English did not. It is a false assertion that the Spanish were more evil towards the Native Americans than the English were.	4
1549905453	Conquistadores	Spanish explorers that invaded Central and South America for it's riches during the 1500's. In doing so they conquered the Incas, Aztecs, and other Native Americans of the area. Eventually they intermarried these tribes.	5
1549905454	Renaissance	After the Middle Ages there was a rebirth of culture in Europe where art and science were developed. It was during this time of enrichment that America was discovered.	6
1549905455	Canadian Shield	geological shape of North America; 10 million years ago; held the northeast corner of North America in place; the first part of North America to come above sea level.	7
1549905456	Mound Builders	Of the Ohio River Valley and the Mississippian culture of the lower Midwest did sustain some large settlements after the incorporation of corn planting into their way of life during the first millennium AD. The Mississippian settlement at Cohokia, near present-day East St. Louis, Ill., was perhaps home to 40,000 people in about AD 1100. But mysteriously, around the year 1300, both the Mound Builder and the Mississippian cultures had fallen to decline.	8
1549905457	Montezuma	Aztec chieftan; encountered Cortes and the Spanish and saw that they rode horses; Montezuma assumed that the Soanush were gods. He welcomed them hospitably, but the explorers soon turned on the natives and ruled them for three centuries.	9
1549905458	Christopher Columbus	An Italian navigator who was funded by the Spanish Government to find a passage to the Far East. He is given credit for discovering the "New World," even though at his death he believed he had made it to India. He made four voyages to the "New World." The first sighting of land was on October 12, 1492, and three other journies until the time of his death in 1503.	10
1549905459	Hernan Cortes	He was a Spanish explorer who conquered the Native American civilization of the Aztecs in 1519 in what is now Mexico.	11
1549905460	Francisco Coronado	A Spanish soldier and commander; in 1540, he led an expedition north from Mexico into Arizona; he was searching for the legendary Seven Cities of Gold, but only found Adobe pueblos.	12
1549905461	Treaty of Tordesillas	In 1494 Spain and Portugal were disputing the lands of the new world, so the Spanish went to the Pope, and he divided the land of South America for them. Spain got the vast majority, the west, and Portugal got the east.	13
1549905462	Mestizos	The Mestizos were the race of people created when the Spanish intermarried with the surviving Indians in Mexico.	14
1549905463	Marco Polo	Italian explorer; spent many years in China or near it; his return to Europe in 1295 sparked a European interest in finding a quicker route to Asia.	15
1549905464	Francisco Pizarro	New World conqueror; Spanish conqueror who crushed the Inca civilization in Peru; took gold, silver and enslaved the Incas in 1532.	16
1549905465	Juan Ponce de Leon	Spanish Explorer; in 1513 and in 1521, he explored Florida, thinking it was an island. Looking for gold and the "fountain of youth", he failed in his search for the fountain of youth but established Florida as territory for the Spanish, before being killed by a Native American arrow.	17
1549905466	Hernando de Soto	Spanish Conquistador; explored in 1540's from Florida west to the Mississippi with six hundred men in search of gold; discovered the Mississippi, a vital North American river.	18

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IGCSE Physics Circuit Symbols Flashcards

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2311056016	Conductors crossing with no connection	0
2311056017	Junction between connectors	1
2311056018	Open switch	2
2311056019	Closed switch	3
2311056020	Open push switch	4
2311056021	Closed push switch	5
2311056022	Cell	6
2311056023	Battery of cells	7
2311056024	Power supply (ac and dc)	8
2311056025	Transformer	9
2311056026	Ammeter	10
2311056027	Milliammeter	11
2311056028	Voltmeter	12
2311056029	Fixed resistor	13
2311056030	Variable resistor	14
2311056031	Heater	15
2311056032	Thermistor	16
2311056033	Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)	17
2311056034	Relay	18
2311056035	Diode	19
2311056036	Light Emitting Diode (LED)	20
2311056037	Lamp	21
2311056038	Loudspeaker	22
2311056039	Microphone	23
2311056040	Electric Bell	24
2311056041	Earth or ground	25
2311056042	Motor	26
2311056043	Generator	27
2311056044	Fuse/circuit breaker	28

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AP Human Geography Chapters 2 & 3 Vocabulary Flashcards

Words and definitions.

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1251192813	Brain Drain	Large scale emigration by talented people	0
1251192814	Cain Migration	Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there.	1
1251192815	Circulation	Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis.	2
1251192816	Counterurbaniztion	Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.	3
1251192817	Emigration	Migration from a location.	4
1251192818	Floodplain	The area subject to a flooding during a given number of years according to historical trends.	5
1251192819	Forced Migration	Permanent movement compelled by cultural factors.	6
1251192820	Guest Workers	Workers who migrate to the more developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern and Eastern Europe or from North Africa, in search of higher paying jobs,	7
1251192821	Immigration	Migration to a new location.	8
1251192822	Internal Migration	Permanent movement within a particular country.	9
1251192823	International Migration	Permanent movement from one country to another.	10
1251192824	Interregional Migration	Permanent movement from one region of a country to another.	11
1251192825	Intervening Obstacle	An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration.	12
1251192826	Intraregional Migration	Permanent movement within a region of a country.	13
1251192827	Migration	Form of relocation diffusion involving s permanent move to a new location..	14
1251192828	Migration Transition	Change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes, that also produce the demographic transition.	15
1251192829	Mobility	All types of movement from one location to another,	16
1251192830	Net Migration	The difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration.	17
1251192831	Pull Factor	Factor that induces people to move to a new location	18
1251192832	Push Factor	Factor that induces people to leave old residences.	19
1251192833	Quotas	In reference to migration, laws that place maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a county each year,	20
1251192834	Refugees	People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear or persecution because of their race, religion, nationality membership in a social group, or political opinion.	21
1251192835	Unauthorized Immigrants	People who enter a country without proper documents.	22
1251192836	Voluntary Migration	Permanent movement undertaken by choice.	23
1251192837	Agricultural density	The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture	24
1251192838	Agricultural Revolution	The time when human beings fist domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering.	25
1251192839	Arithmetic Density	The total number of people divided by the total land area.	26
1251192840	Census	A complete enumeration of a population.	27
1251192841	Crude Birth Rate	The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.	28
1251192842	Crude Death Rate	The total number of deaths in a year fro every 1,000 people alive in a society.	29
1251192843	Demographic Transition	The process of change in a society-s population from a condition of high crude birth rate and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population.	30
1251192844	Demography	The scientific study of population characteristics.	31
1251192845	Dependency Ratio	The number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in labor force.	32
1251192846	Doubling Time	The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.	33
1251192847	Ecumene	The portion of Earth's surface occupied by a permanent human settlement.	34
1251192848	Epidemiologic Transition	Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition.	35
1251192849	Epidemiology	Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality.	36
1251192850	Industrial Revolution	A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.	37
1251192851	Infant Mortality Rate	the total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year old for every 1,00 live births in a society.	38
1251192852	Life expectancy	The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. At birth it is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.	39
1251192853	Medical Revolution	Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people t live longer and healthier lives.	40
1251192854	Natural Increase Rate	The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.	41
1251192855	Overpopulation	The number of people in an area exceeds the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.	42
1251192856	Pandemic	Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.	43
1251192857	Physiological Density	The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture,	44
1251192858	Population Pyramid	A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.	45
1251192859	Sex Ratio	the number if males per females in the population	46
1251192860	Total Fertility Rate	The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.	47
1251192861	Zero Population Growth	A decline of the fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.	48

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