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Active and Passive Membrane Transport - [AP Biology] Flashcards

Honors Biology - Membrane Transport : Active Transport and Passive Transport

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1976366282Concentration GradientA difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance "Up" - Low Concentration to High Concentration "Down" - High Concentration to Low Concentration0
1976366292DiffusionMovement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. "Down the Concentration Gradient"1
1976366293OsmosisDiffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane (across the phospholipid bi-layer using protein pores) from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal.2
1976366294Hypertonic"Above Strength" Having a higher concentration of solute than another solution ; Having a lower concentration of solvent (H2O) than another solution. When placed in a Hyper-tonic solution, the cell will begin to diffuse water out of the cell causing the cell to become dehydrated. In a walled cell, this will result in plasmolysis.3
1976366283Hypotonic"Below Strength" Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution ; Having a higher concentration of solvent (H2O) than another solution. When placed in a Hypo-tonic solution, the cell will begin to rapidly diffuse water into the cell causing it to grow. In a cell without a cell wall (animal), this will result in cytolysis.4
1976366284Facilitated DiffusionMovement of specific large (generally lipid-insoluble) molecules across the plasma membrane through carrier proteins.5
1976366285Active TransportThe movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins.6
1976366287Sodium-Potassium PumpA special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports 3 sodium out of the cell and 2 potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.7
1976366288ExocytosisA process in which a vesicle inside a cell fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the external environment. Transports to outside of cell8
1976366289PhagocytosisA type of endocytosis in which solid particles are ingested by a cell9
1976366290PinocytosisA type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.10

DuoLingo Italian Foods Flashcards

Set of Italian terms and matching pictorial definitions. English used sparingly.

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2095033541il caffè0
2095033555la latte1
2095033556la crema2
2095033573il cioccolato3
2095033574il biscotto4
2095033657la tazza5
2095033658il gelato6
2095033676il cibofood7
2095033677la fruttafruit8
2095033678la banana9
2095033697la caramella10
2095033698la carota11
2095033700la piattoplate12
2095033775la fagiolo13
2095033776il manzobeef14
2095033777la birra15
2095033803la bottiglia16
2095033804la ciotola17
2095033827la colazionebreakfast18
2095033828il burro19
2095033829la torta20
2095033856il formaggio21
2095033857il pollo22
2095033858il cuoco23
2095033869la cenadinner24
2095033870la bevandabeverage25
2095033904il pesce26
2095036137la forchetta27
2095036138frittofried28
2095036139l'aglio29
2095036347il bicchiere30
2095036348l'uva31
2095068518la fragola32
2095068519il limone33
2095068680dolcesweet34
2095068779la bistecca35
2095068856la limonata36
2095068909l'arancia37
2095069182la marmellata38
2095069208il succo39
2095069237il gustoflavor, taste40
2095069279il tè41
2095069584la griglia42
2095069598fame (esempio: Non ho fame)hunger (example: I do not have hunger, I am not hungry)43
2095069702il ghiaccio44
2095070270l'ingredienteingrediente45
2095070400il menu46
2095070532la cucina47
2095070564la carne48
2095070654il pastomeal49
2095070676il pranzolunch50
2095071307il coltello51
2095071538la patata52
2095071539il olio53
2095071594il pepe54
2095071719la ricetta55
2095072037la cipolla56
2095072109la maialepork57
2095261379il ristorante58
2095261380il riso59
2095261514il panino60
2095261515la zuppa61
2095261654l'insalata62
2095261837il sale63
2095263129la salsiccia64
2095263915il pomodoro65
2095265920il tacchinoturkey66
2095267281il cucchiaio67
2095267374il vino68
2095267550il vegetarianovegetarian69
2095267551la verdura70
2095269044il cameriere71
2095269244i funghi72

Important Physics Formulas for MCAT Flashcards

Physics formulas vital to have memorized for MCAT examination. These are taken from "ExamKrackers" MCAT Physics review.

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446261121This equation can describe velocity or speed. When d represents distance, the equation describes speed. When d represents displacement, v is equal to velocity.0
446261122This equation describes acceleration, which is the change in velocity, or displacement/ unit time, per unit time. SI units are in m/s^21
447980776This equation requires constant acceleration to hold true. x is displacement, v is velocity, t is time, and a is the acceleration.2
447980777This equation requires constant acceleration to hold true. v is velocity, a is acceleration, and t is time.3
447980778This equation requires constant acceleration to hold true. v is velocity, a is acceleration, x is displacement.4
447980779This equation requires constant acceleration to hold true. v(avg) is average velocity, v(o) is original velocity, v is current velocity.5
447980780This equation requires constant acceleration to hold true. v is velocity, g is gravitational acceleration (9.8m/s/s) and h is height fallen.6
449101852This equation describes an object moving in a circle at a constant speed v which experiences a centripetal acceleration a(c) that is proportional to the square of its speed and inversely proportional to the radius of the circle which is circumscribes.7
449101853This equation describes the centripetal force applied to an object to give it a certain centripetal acceleration.8
449101854This equation describes the force due to gravity on two objects of masses m(1) and m(2) at a distance r. G is the gravitational constant.9
449101855This equation is Hooke's law, which describes the force generated when an object is deformed. k is the spring constant unique to the specific object, and x is the displacement from the rest position.10
449101856This equation describes the force which acts on an object directly down the plane of an inclined plane when gravity is the only force on that object.11
449101857This equation describes the normal force which acts on an object on an inclined plane when gravity is the only force on that object.12
449101858This equation describes the force on an object due to kinetic friction. Note, in order for friction to kinetic, both plane of the objects MUST be SLIDING past each other. This means cars tires do NOT experience kinetic friction.13
449101859This equation describes static friction acting between two objects which are stationary due to each other. This force must be overcome to slide the objects past each other.14
449101860This is Newton's second law, stating that the Force (net force) on an object is proportional to is mass and acceleration.15
449101861This equation describes power. P is power, E is energy, and t is time.16
449101862This equation describes power. P is power, F is force, v is velocity, and theta is the angle between F and v.17
449142695This equation describes elastic potential energy. k is the spring constant, x is displacement.18
449142696This equation describes gravitational potential energy. m is mass, g is gravitational acceleration, and h is height.19
449142697This equation describes kinetic energy.20
449142698This equation describe torque. Tau is torque, F is the force, and l is the lever arm (direction of force perpendicular to the axis of rotation.21
449142699This equation describes work. F is force, d is distance, and theta is the angle between the force and displacement.22
449142700This equation describes total work when no heat is gained or lost. K is kinetic energy, U is potential energy, and E(i) is internal energy.23
449142701This equation describes impulse.24
449142702This equation describes momentum25
449142703This equation describes rest mass energy.26
449470238This equation describes fluid density. Rho is density, m is mass, and V is volume. Unit are usually Kg/m^3.27
449470239This equation describes pressure due to a liquid at rest. P is pressure, F is force, and A is area.28
449470240This equation describes the S.G. of a fluid. The S.G of water is 1. Fluids with higher S.G than 1 are more dense than water.29
449470241This equation describes pressure due to a colummn of fluid at rest. P is pressure, rho is density, g is the gravitational constant, and y is the height of the column.30
449470242This equation describe the buoyant force on an object immersed in a fluid.Rho is the density of the fluid, V is the volume of fluid displaced by object, and g is gravitational acceleration.31
449470243This equation describes volume flow rate. Q is rate, A is area, v is velocity of the fluid.32
449470244Thisis bernoullis equation. K is a constant, P is pressure, rho is density, v is velocity, g is gravitational acceleration, and h is height.33
449470245This equation describes the velocity of a steam of water coming from a spigot at a height h below an open container of water. v is velocity, g is gravitational acceleration, and h is the height difference. Note for this equation to hold true, the spigot and container must be exposed to the same external pressure (atm)34
449470246Modulus of elasticity35
449608827This equation describes decibel levels.36
449608828This equation describes resonant frequency for a pipe open or closed at both ends, or a string with both ends tieddown37
449608829This equation describes beat frequency38
449608830This equation describes resonant frequency for a string tied at one end of a pipe open at one end39
449608831The doppler effect40
449608832The doppler effect41
449608833Velocity of electromagnetic radiation (c = 3 x 10^8)42
449608834Period of a wave43
449608835This equation describes the maximum voltage of an AC current. V(rms) is the root mean square voltage (120 in AC outlets)44
449608836This equation describes the maximum current of an AC circuit. I(rms) is the root mean square voltage.45
449608837This equation describes capacitance. C is capacitance in farads, Q is charge on the plates, V is voltage between the plates.46
449608838This equation describes potential energy of a capacitor47
449608839This equation describes potential energy of a capacitor48
449608840This equation describes potential energy of a capacitor49
449608841This equation describes the force on a charge q due to an electric field E50
449608842This equation describes the potential energy of a point charge in an electric field due to an electric force times displacement of the charge (arbitrary, similar to gravitational pot energy)51
449608843Voltage. E field strength times distance52
449608844Potential energy. Voltage times charge53
449608845Force due to two point charges with charge q1 and q2 and distance between them r54
449608846Potential energy due to two point charges55
449608847Electric field due to a point charge56
449608848Electric field due to a point charge57
449608849Magnetism. q = charge, v = velocity , B= mag field strength, theta = angle between v and B58
449608850Voltage = current times resistance59
449608851Power = current times voltage60
449608852Power = current squared times resistance61
449608853Power = voltage squared divided by resistance62
449823153This equation relates the speed of electromagnetic radiation, c, to its frequency and wavelength63
449823154This is the relative speed of light in a medium. C is speed of light in a vacuum.64
449823155This equation describes the energy of a photon.65
449823156This equation describes the refraction of a light wave when passing between two medium of different indices of refraction. Note, a higher index of refraction results in a lower speed in that medium.66
449823157Equation relating focal point of mirror to center of curvature.67
449823158The thin lens equation.68
449823159Lens power. (focal point)69
449823160Magnification70

Pearson Biology Chapter 7 Flashcards

A review of Chapter 7 from Pearson Biology

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1187994027selectively permeablemembranes0
1187994028active transportrequires ATP1
1187994029passive transportdoesn't require ATP2
1187994030Facilitated Difusionreaches a maximum rate of transport once all channels are filled3
1187994031phospholipid bilayerlayout of cell membrane4
1187994032fluid mosiac modelthe membrane's fluid structure with a mosaic of various proteins embedded in or attached to a double layer (bilayer) of phospholipids.5
1187994033hydrophilic interactionsmain way membranes are held together6
1187994034cell-cell recognitiona cell's ability to recognize one neighboring cell from another7
1187994035supramolecular structuremany molecules ordered into a higher level of organization8
1187994036nonpolar moleculeshydrophobic and can dissolve in the lipid bilayer, crossing it easily9
1187994037transport proteinschannel proteins, create a tunnel for certain molecules10
1187994038aquaporinstransport proteins specialized to aid in the transport of water11
1187994039carrier proteinscarry molecules across the membrane12
1187994040diffusionthe movement of molecules of any substance so that they spread out evenly into the available space13
1187994041concentration gradientthe region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases14
1187994042osmosisthe diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane15
1187994043tonicitythe ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water16
1187994044isotonicsame tonicity17
1187994045hypertonicmore tonicity18
1187994046hypytonicless tonicity19
1187994047plasmolysisa cell membrane contracts from the cell wall in a hypertonic environment20
1187994048ion channelschannel proteins that transport ions21
1187994049voltageelectrical potential energy22
1187994050membrane potentialvoltage across a membrane23
1187994051electrochemical gradientcombination of chemical gradient and electric charge, 2 forces acting on an ion24
1187994052electrogenic pumpa transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane25
1187994053cotransporttwo molecules traveling together, one against its concentration gradient and one with it.26
1187994054exocytosisthe cell secretes certain biological molecules by fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane27
1187994055endocytosisthe cell takes in biological molecules and particlate matter by forming new vesicles from the plasma membrane28
1187994056phagocytosiscellular eating29
1187994057pinocytosiscellular drinking30
1187994058ligandsany molecule that binds specifically to a receptor cite on another molecule31

Cells Flashcards

chloroplast: makes food for plant cells, photosynthesis
mitochondria:produces energy the cell needs to carry out its functions; release energy
vacuole: stores food, water, and waste
lysosome: found mainly in animal cells, digests old cell parts
endoplasmic reticulum: carries proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to the other
cytoplasm: gel -like fluid where the organelles are found
nucleolus: makes ribosomes, center of the nucleus
ribosome: makes proteins
cell membrane:controls what comes into and out of the cell, found in plants and animals
nucleus: controls cell activity
cell wall: protection and support for plant, not animal cells; rigid outer layer

Terms : Hide Images
2028476573cell wallprotection and support for plant0
2028476574nucleuscontrols cell activity1
2028476575cell membraneA cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell. found in plants and animals2
2028476576ribosomeprotein synthesis (making proteins)3
2028476577Robert Hookemid 1600's first person to observe cells by observing cork under a microscope4
2028476578cytoplasmjelly like, cushion organelles, contain dissolved material5
2028476579vacuolestores food, water, and waste *(bigger in plants to store water)6
2028476580mitochondriaproduces the energy a cell needs to carry out its functions7
2028476581chloroplastcaptures energy from sunlight and uses it to makes food for plant cells, photosynthesis8
2028476582cell theory1. cells are the smallest unit of life 2. all organisms are made up of one or more cells 3. all new cell come from preexisting cells9
2028476583organelles*specialize structures found inside cells *each carries out a specific life function10
2028476584chromosomesmake up strands of DNA11
2028476585organismany living thing (i.e.: plants, animals, fungus, bacteria, protist)12
2028476586cellBasic unit of life13
2028476587prokaryoticAn organism whose cells do not have an enclosed nucleus, such as bacteria.14
2028476588eukaryoticCell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles.15
2028476596golgi bodyA structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell.16
2028476597endoplasmic reticulumA system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids17
2028476598lysosomeAn organelle containing digestive enzymes18
2028476599centrioleAid in cellular division19
2028476602concentrationA measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent20
2028476604plasma membraneA selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells21
2028476605nucleolusA specialized structure in the nucleus, formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes22
2028476606cell differentiation/speciallisationThe process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure or function23
2028568373Matthais Schleiden1838- German botanist, *one of the three fathers of cell theory*, said plants are composed of cells.24
2028570242Theodor Schwann1839- German zoologist, *one of the three fathers of cell theory*, created the word metabolism, said animals are composed of cells.25
2028574084Rudolph Virchow1855- German physician and professor, *one of the three fathers of cell theory*, stole the idea that animals are made up of cells.26
2028578974Antony Van Leevwenhoek1643- Dutch microscope maker and merchant, observed and described LIVING microscopic (and unicellular) organisms from a pond27
2028622243Volume________ increases more rapidly than the surface area. For example, as a cell increases in size its' surface area: ________ ratio decreases.28
2028625310MaterialThe size of a cell is limited by its' need to exchange ________ with its' environment.29
2028627573Volume of ratioThe ______ __ _____ of a cell determines its' rate of metabolism30
2028629364Surface areaThe ______ _____ of a cell determines the rate of exchange of material.31
2028631294largeIf a cell becomes too ______, the distance that materials need to diffuse becomes too _______ and its' surface area/ volume of ratio is too small to allow necessary exchange.32
2028634382Multicellular Organisms__________ _________ need to be flat in shape or have specialised exchange and transport systems to ensure all cells receive the materials they need.33
2028651499Direct relationshipstwo variables increase or decrease together34
2028654335Inverse relationshipone variable increases and the other variable decreases35

Chapter 16: The rise of Industrial America 1865-1900 Flashcards

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2337246621Transcontinental RailroadCompleted in 1869 at Promontory, Utah, it linked the eastern railroad system with California's railroad system, revolutionizing transportation in the west0
2337253288Second Industrial Revolution(1871-1914) Involved development of chemical, electrical, oil, and steel industries. Mass production of consumer goods also developed at this time through the mechanization of the manufacture of food and clothing. It saw the popularization of cinema and radio. Provided widespread employment and increased production.1
2337254871Edwin DrakeAmerican pioneer in oil industry; became first to drill for petroleum2
2337256934Sherman Antitrust Act1890 - A federal law that committed the American government to opposing monopolies, it prohibits contracts, combinations and conspiracies in restraint of trade. Used by TEDDY.3
2337259711Adam Smith1723- 1790; Scottish; "Wealth of Nations"; first economist; "laissez-faire capitalism"; not completely against govt regulation; pro free trade; let individuals pursue own interest; attacks mercantilism- peep do thinks out of self interest (baker); prices should be fluctuated on just supply & demand- not what gov't say it is; philosophe; not hard-core conservative (gov't does have part); didn't trust businessmen; economics should have an economic (not military) end goal; skilled workforce and strong infrastructure determines power of country- not how much stacks of gold you have; colonization is dumb.4
2337264019Social DarwinismThe application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.5
2337267301Cyrus FieldAmerican businessman who laid the first telegraph wire across the Atlantic. This cut down the time it took for a message to be sent from Europe to American and vice-versa.6
2337269359George WestinghouseAn american entrepreneruer and engineer who invented the railroad and the air brake7
2337272755Great Railroad StrikeJuly, 1877 - A large number of railroad workers went on strike because of wage cuts. After a month of strikes, President Hayes sent troops to stop the rioting. The worst railroad violence was in Pittsburgh, with over 40 people killed by militia men.8
2337274582Haymarket Bombing(1886); people were rallying for the workers who were striking in Chicago. The police came and someone threw a bomb; people killed, trial followed, and some men sentenced to death.end of "knights of labor" bc they were seen as radicals.9
2337291039Pullman Strikein Chicago, Pullman cut wages but refused to lower rents in the "company town", Eugene Debs had American Railway Union refuse to use Pullman cars, Debs thrown in jail after being sued, strike achieved nothing10
2337295863Promontory Point, Utahwhere the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads met; joined the railroads to create America's first transcontinental railroad11
2337299310Henry Bessemer(1813-1898) An English engineer who created the Bessemer procces, a process of producing steel, in which impurities are removed by forcing a blast of air through molten iron.12
2337302063J.D RockefellerHe was a highly-valued pioneering figure: an American industralist and philanthropist. He revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy. He founded "Standard Oil". His 40 oil companies owned about 90% of the nation's pipelines and refined 84% of the nation's oiil. His fortune was mainly used to create the modern systematic approach of philanthropy with foundations that had a major effect on medicine, education, and scientific reserach. He was a horizontal integrationer (joining competiting businesses in one area).13
2337305409U.S v. E.C. Knight Co.The case against a sugar monopoly resulted with the Supreme Court declaring manufacturing was an intrastate activity. Impeded federal government's ability to break up monopoly's with Sherman Antitrust Act14
2337308227Wealth Of NationsThis is the 18th century book written by Scottish economist Adam Smith in which he spells out the first modern account of free market economies.15
2337310927Alexander Graham BellHe was an American inventor who was responsible for developing the telephone. This greatly improved communications in the country.16
2337312820Horatio AlgerPopular novelist during the Industrial Revolution who wrote "rags to riches" books praising the values of hard work17
2337314436National Labor Union1866 - established by William Sylvis - wanted 8hr work days, banking reform, and an end to conviction labor - attempt to unite all laborers18
2337316865American Federation Of Labor1886; founded by Samuel Gompers; sought better wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled laborers, arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor, rejected socialist and communist ideas, non-violent.19
2337318998J.P. MorganBanker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S. Steel. Was a philanthropist in a way; he gave all the money needed for WWI and was payed back. Was one of the "Robber barons"20
2337321649Andrew CarnegieA Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry.21
2337323374Standard OilEstablished in 1870, it was a integrated multinational oil corporation lead by Rockefeller22
2337330892Laissez-FaireHands off. No government intervention in business.23
2337332409Invisible HandA phrase coined by Adam Smith to describe the process that turns self-directed gain into social and economic benefits for all24
2337333834Samuel MorseUnited States portrait painter who patented the telegraph and developed the Morse code (1791-1872)25
2337335370Thomas EdisonAmerican inventor best known for inventing the electric light bulb, acoustic recording on wax cylinders, and motion pictures.26
2337337618Iron Law of WagesDavid Ricardo formulated the iron law of wages, which said that because of the pressure of population growth, wages would be just high enough to keep workers from starving.27
2337341139Knights of Laborlabor organization founded by seven Philadelphia tailors in 1869 and led by Uriah S. Stephens, its ideology may be described as producerist, demanding an end to child and convict labor, equal pay for women, a progressive income tax, and the cooperative employer-employee ownership of mines and factories. Leaderships under Powderly, successful with Southwest Railroad System, failed after Haymarket Riot.28
2337347753Homestead Strike1892 steelworker strike near Pittsburgh against the Carnegie Steel Company. Ten workers were killed in a riot when "scab" labor was brought in to force an end to the strike.29
2337350847Impact of RailroadsThey were made to make coal mining safer, then advanced to huge steam engines. Factories flourished because their goods could be imported and exported faster. Railroads made it easier for people to migrate to the city, increasing the labor pool. The need for livestock declined for these purposes.30
2337355335Changes in consumption and the marketing of consumer goods.mail order catalogs, transportation increased.just overall more available31
2337360854Concentrations of wealth in the late 1800sCorporations are becoming too powerful32
2337366757Women Entering the Workforcetransformed issues dealing gender equality, the glass ceiling, and the gender wage gap33
2337370735Discontent among laborersLabor unions.34
2337372020Tactics used to break strikes and defeat labor unionsused military force blacklist people, wouldnt allow to work35

Types Of Psychology Flashcards

Types of psychology.

Terms : Hide Images
895640784Gestalt PsychologyThe whole of an experience is different from the sum of its parts. - A melody vs. music notes0
895640785Humanistic PsychologyEmphasizes "free will" and our ability to make conscious, rational decisions in our lives.1
895640786Cognitive PsychologyFocuses on the ways in which organisms process info, and investigates the processes of thinking, memory, language, problem solving, and creativity.2
895640787Developmental PsychologyPsychologists study factors that influence development and shape behavior throughout the life cycle from contraception to old age.3
895640788Social PsychologyConcerned with understanding the impact of social environments on the individual.4
895640789Personality PsychologyFocuses on exploring the uniqueness of the individual, describing the elements that make up human personality, and investigating how personality develops, and influences people's activities.5
895640790Experimental PsychologyPrimary activity is to conduct research.6
895640791Biological PsychologyStudies the relationship between physiological processes and behavior.7
895640792Clinical PsychologyInvolved in the treatment and diagnosis of behavioral problems.8
895640793Counseling PsychologyInvolved in the diagnosis and treatment of problems of adjustment.9
895640794Educational PsychologyConcerned with the study and application of certain teaching and learning methods.10
895640795School PsychologyConcerned with evaluating student's interests and abilities, and resolving learning and emotional problems.11
895640796Industrial/Organizational PsychologyConcerned with using psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers.12
895640797Engineering PsychologyConcerned with creating optimal relationships among people, the machines they operate, and the environments they work in.13
895640798Health PsychologyConcerned with the interaction between behavioral factors and physical health.14
895640799Positive PsychologyStudy of human behavior aimed at discovering and promoting the positive strengths and attributes that enable individuals to thrive and to succeed.15
895640800Forensic PsychologyWorks with the legal, court, and correctional facilities, to develop personality profiles for criminals, and help law enforcement understand behavioral problems.16
895640801Evolutionary PsychologyApproach to both investigating and explaining human behavior in terms of natural selection.17
895640802Cultural PsychologyInvestigating how cultural and religious traditions and practices shape and contribute to differences in human behavior.18

SL 61-150 words for AP Language and Composition Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
1087047627amenabledisposed or willing to comply0
1087047628expostulationan exclamation of protest or remonstrance or reproof1
1087047629paramoura lover, often secret, not allowed by law or custom2
1087047630gallto cause irritation or annoyance3
1087047631superfluousmore than is needed, desired, or required4
1087047632penancevoluntary self-punishment in order to atone for some wrongdoing5
1087047633steadfaststeady; firmly loyal; constant6
1087047634maliceextreme ill will or spite7
1087047635triflesomething that has little or no importance, significance, or value8
1087047636martyrone who suffers for the sake of principle9
1087047637imbibeto absorb into one's mind; to drink10
1087047638callousemotionally hardened, unfeeling, insensitive; thick-skinned11
1087047639insidioussly, treacherous, devious12
1087047640irreverentshowing lack of due respect or veneration13
1087047641venerablecommanding respect by virtue of age, dignity, character, or position14
1087047642pietydevoutness15
1087047643sullyto soil, stain, tarnish, taint16
1087047644averto declare to be true, affirm17
1087047645incredulitydoubt, skepticism18
1087047646providencedivine control and direction by God19
1087047647morbidabnormally susceptible to or characterized by gloomy or unwholesome feelings; relating to unpleasant subjects (such as death)20
1087047648procureto obtain through care or effort21
1087047649prolificproductive, generative, fertile22
1087047650capricean impulsive change of mind, fickleness23
1087047651delusivedeceptive, imaginary24
1087047652placiditycalmness, serenity, complacency, tranquility25
1087047653inviolablesacred; of such a character that it might not be broken, injured, or profaned26
1087047654enmityhostility, antagonism, ill-will27
1087047655inalienableincapable of being repudiated or transferred to another28
1087047656preternaturalextraordinary or unnatural29
1087047657gesticulationan animated or excited gesture30
1087047658caperingplayful leaps or hops31
1087047659queryquestion32
1087047660pristineuntouched, uncorrupted33
1087047661wansickly pale34
1087047662pallidlacking color or liveliness35
1087047663cabalisticcryptic, having a secret or hidden meaning36
1087047664exigencedemand or requirement; necessity, urgency37
1087047665burnishto make smooth or glossy by rubbing, polish38
1087047666annalsa record of historic events39
1087047667expatiateto give many details in a speech or writing40
1087047668benevolencekindness, compassion41
1087047669catechisma book or selection of basic principles on a subject, such as Christianity42
1087047670temporalworldly, real-life43
1087047671indefeasiblenot capable of being undone or voided44
1087047672emaciatedextremely thin; wasted away45
1087047673earnestnessdeep sincerity or seriousness46
1087047674vehemencestrength, urgency47
1087047675unobtrusiveinconspicuous; not obvious48
1087047676tarryto wait, to loiter or linger49
1087047677appellationa title or name50
1087047678chirurgicalsurgical51
1087047679heterogeneouscomposed of unlike parts, different, diverse52
1087047680scrupulouscareful and precise; honest53
1087047681parochialrelating to a parish; of limited scope or outlook54
1087047682importunatepleading; extremely urgent; persistent55
1087047683eruditionserious, scholarly learning56
1087047684sextoncaretaker of a church57
1087047685stealthilyquietly and cautiously58
1087047686inimicalhostile, unfriendly59
1087047687propagateto breed; to spread or proliferate60
1087047688decorouslyproperly, tastefully, in a socially correct manner61
1087047689mirthfrivolity, gaiety, laughter62
1087047690palliateto make less serious, ease63
1087047691somniferoushypnotic; soporific, sleep-inducing64
1087047692odioushateful, contemptible65
1087047693abstrusedifficult to understand66
1087047694firmamentthe sky, the heavens67
1087047695scurrilousvulgar, low, indecent68
1087047696portentan omen, a sign of what is to come69
1087047697repleteabundantly supplied70
1087047698requitalrepayment, compensation71
1087047699despotictyrannical, oppressive72
1087047700benignkindly, gentle, or harmless73
1087047701austeritylack of adornment; strictness or severity of manner74
1087047702obviateto anticipate and prevent, to make unnecessary75
1087047703acquiesceto comply quietly; to agree76
1087047704derisivelyin a disrespectful and mocking manner77
1087047705gallowsa wooden frame from which condemned persons are executed by hanging78
1087047706propinquitynearness, proximity79
1087047707usurpto seize by force; to take control without authority80
1087047708sedulousconstant and persevering81
1087047709deleterioussubtly or unexpectedly harmful82
1087047710impalpableunreal, intangible83
1087047711petulanteasily irritated or annoyed; rude, peevish84
1087047712dispositionmood or temperament85
1087047713precocityunusually advanced intelligence at an early age86
1087047714acridharsh, bitter87
1087047715propensityinclination, tendency88
1087047716asperityharshness, meanness89

McMichael AP Language and Composition Terms - Sets 1 & 2 Combined Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
1162291850Ad hominem argumentArgument that appeals to emotion rather than reason, to feeling rather than intellect0
1162291851AllegoryThe device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. i.e. Animal Farm characters; The Crucible1
1162291852AlliterationThe repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words2
1162291853AllusionA direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work or art purpose: writer does not have to elaborate3
1162291854AmbiguityThe multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage4
1162291855AnalogyA similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them; using something well known to help explain something not as well known. (similar to simile)5
1162291856AntecedentThe word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.6
1162291857AphorismA terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or moral principle; a memorable summation of the author's point7
1162291858ApostropheA figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction, such as liberty or love and adds familiarity or emotion intensity8
1162291859AtmosphereThe emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described.9
1162291860ClauseA grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb.10
1162291861ColloquialThe use of slang or in formalities in speech or writing. Gives work a conversational, familiar tone. Often used to express regional or local dialects11
1162291862ConceitA fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects; displays intellectual cleverness due to the unusual comparison12
1162291863ConnotationThe nonliteral, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning13
1162291864DenotationThe strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color14
1162291865DictionRelated to style, refers to the writer's word choice15
1162291866DidacticMeaning "teaching", it has the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially of moral or ethical principles16
1162291867EuphemismA more agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts. Can be used to adhere to standards of social or political correctness, or to add humor or ironic understatement17
1162291868Extended metaphorA metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work18
1162291869Figurative languageWriting or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid19
1162291870Figure of speechA device used to produce figurative language, Many compare dissimilar things20
1162291871Generic conventionsThis term describes traditions for each genre and helps define each genre. For example, they differentiate between an essay and journalistic writing and an autobiography and political writing21
1162291872GenreThe major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry , and drama22
1162291873HomilyThis term literally means "sermon" but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice23
1162291874HyperboleA figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement for emphasis24
1162291875ImageryThe sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. On a physical level, uses terms related to the five senses25
1162291876InferenceTo draw reasonable conclusion from the information presented26
1162291877InvectiveAn emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language27
1162291878IronyThe contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant; the difference between what appears to be and what actually is true28
1162291879Verbal ironyThe words literally state the opposite of the writers or speakers true meaning29
1162291880Situational ironyEvents turn out the opposite of what was expected30
1162291881Dramatic ironyFacts or events are unknown to a character in a play or piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work31
1162291882Loose sentenceA type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. Makes work often seem informal, relaxed, and conversational32
1162291883MetaphorA figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other33
1162291884MetonymyA figure of speech which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. Example: the White House declared instead of the President declared34
1162291885MoodThe overall feel of the writing (created by writer; determined by reader)35
1162291886Indicative moodused only for factual sentences "Joe eats too quickly"36
1162291887Subjunctive moodUsed for a doubtful or conditional attitude "If I were you, I would get another job."37
1162291888Imperative moodUsed for commands "Shut the door!"38
1162291889NarrativeThe telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events39
1162291890OnomatopoeiaA figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words40
1162291891OxymoronFrom the Greek for "pointedly foolish" a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox. Example: Jumbo Shrimp41
1162291892ParadoxA statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense, but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity42
1162291893ParallelismRefers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity; structuring in generally same way to link them all43
1162291894ParodyA work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. It distorts or exaggerates distinctive features of the original44
1162291895PedanticAn adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish45
1162291896Periodic sentenceA sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. This independent clause is preceded by a phrase or clause that cannot stand alone46
1162291898Point of viewThe perspective from which a story is told47
1162291899First-person narratorTells the story with the first-person pronoun "I" and is a character in the story.48
1162291900Third person narratorRelates the events with the third person pronouns, "he, she it"49
1162291901Third person omniscientthe narrator, with god-like knowledge, presents the thoughts and actions of any or all characters50
1162291902Third person limited omniscientPresents the feelings and thoughts of only the actions of all remaining characters51
1162291903Predicate adjectivesOne type of subject complement- an adjective, group of adjectives, or adjective clauses that follows a linking verb Example: My boyfriend is tall, dark, and handsome. Tall, dark and handsome is describing boyfriend52
1162291904Predicate nominativeA second type of subject complement- a noun, group of nouns, or noun clauses that renames the subject Example: "Lincoln was a man of integrity" Man of integrity describes Lincoln53
1162291905ProseOne of the major divisions of genre, refers to fiction and nonfiction, because they are written in ordinary language and most closely resemble everyday speech54
1162291906RepetitionThe duplication, either exact or approximate of any element of language55
1162291907RhetoricFrom the Greek "orator" describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively56
1162291908Rhetorical modesDescribes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing57
1162291909ExpositionTo explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion58
1162291910ArgumentationTo prove the validity of an idea, point of view, by presenting sound reasoning59
1162291912SarcasmBitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something60
1162291913SatireA work that targets human vices and follies, or social institutions or conventions for reform or ridicule61
1162291915StyleAn author's sum of choices that he or she makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices62
1162291916Subject complementThe word or clause that follows a linking verb and complements, or completes, the subject of the sentence by renaming it or describing it63
1162291917Subordinate clauseContains a subject and a verb but can not stand alone64
1162291918SyllogismFrom the Greek "reckoning together" this term is a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises, first major and second minor Major premise: All men are mortal. Minor premise: Socrates is a man. Conclusion: Socrates is mortal.65
1162291919SymbolAnything that represents or stands for something else66
1162291920Natural symbolsUse objects and occurrences from nature to represent ideas commonly associated with them I.e. Dawn and new beginnings67
1162291921Conventional symbolsThose that have been invested with meaning by a group i.e. Star of David68
1162291922Literary symbolsThey are found in a variety of literature and are generally recognized i.e. whale in Moby Dick69
1162291923SyntaxThe way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences70
1162291924ThemeThe central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers to life71
1162291925ThesisStatement that is a sentence that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or preposition72
1162291926ToneDescribes the author's attitude toward his or her material or the audience73
1162291927TransitionA word or phrase that links different ideas74
1162291928UnderstatementThe ironic minimalizing of fact, presenting something less significant than it actually is. Makes a work humorous and emphatic;A statement that lacks emphasis and is given less force than normal.75
1162291929Witintellectually amusing language that surprises and delights76
1162291930AttitudeA writer's intellectual position or emotion regarding the subject of the writing (related to tone)77
1162291931Concrete detailA non abstract detail asked on essay portion78
1162291932Descriptive detailDetail appealing to the visual sense of the reader79
1162291933DevicesThe figures of speech, syntax, diction, and other stylistic elements that collectively produce a particular artistic effect80
1162291934Languagehow the elements of this combine to form a whole (diction, syntax, figurative language, etc)81
1162291935Narrative devicesThe tools of the storyteller such as ordering events so that they build to a climactic moment or withholding information until a crucial time82
1162291936Narrative techniqueThe style of telling the story, especially the order of events and their detail83
1162291937Persuasive devicesThe words in the passage that have strong connotations hint at this. Words that intensify the emotional effect84
1162291938Persuasive essayAn essay that leads to appeal to the audience's emotion or ethical standards to make them feel or support the author's position85
1162291939Resources of languageAll the devices of composition available to a writer such as diction, syntax, sentence structure, etc86
1162291940Rhetorical featuresRefers to how a passage is constructed. Look at the passage's organization and how the writer combines images, details, or arguments87
1162291941Sentence structureThe type of sentences the author uses; the simple, compound, complex types of this88
1162291942Bathosthe sudden appearance of the commonplace in otherwise elevated matter or style; insincere or overdone pathos89
1162291943HyperboleA non-literal exaggeration to emphasize something.90
1162291945Litotes(Similar to understatement) Emphasizes a point by using a word opposite to the condition.91
1162291946AntithesisA structure that places contrasting ideas next to each other.92
1162291947HypophoraAsking a question, then answering it too.93
1162291948Rhetorical QuestionA question that is asked to create an effect, not really to be answered.94
1162291949Procatalepsis(Form of hypophora) Eliminates an objection without asking any questions.95
1162291950DistinctioGiving the definition of a word so that the word isn't taken the wrong way.96
1162291951SimileA figure of speech using "like" or "as" to compare two thing somewhat alike.97
1162291952Metaphor(Similar to simile) Speaking of something as though it were another.98
1162291955Eponym(Similar to allusion) Linking the attributes of a well known person to another person.99
1162291956SententiaA quotation or wise saying. Can be a quote from a person.100
1162291957ExemplumProviding the reader with an example to illustrate what the author means. Fictional examples need to be hypothetical.101
1162291958ClimaxOrganizing ideas in writing from least to most important.102
1162291959ParallelismStructuring multiple sentences, generally the same way, to link them all.103
1162291960Chiasmus(Form of parallelism) The structure of two lines are crisscrossed. The beginning of the first is at the end of the second and vice versa.104
1162291961Anadiplosis(Form of repetition) Repeating the last word of a phrase or sentence near the beginning of the next.105
1162291962Conduplicatio(Form of repetition) Take an important word in the previous sentence or phrase and repeats it at the beginning of the next.106
1162291963MetabasisA summary of a previous body of work that allows the reader to move on to a new point.107
1162291964ParenthesisA device that is used to insert additional information into the main body of the writing.Equivalent to the spoken aside.108
1162291966EnumeratioA list of details about something that is supplied.109
1162291967AntanagogeMaking negative things seem not as bad so the reader doesn't feel as strongly about them.110
1162291968EpithetAdding a descriptive adjective to a noun to evoke an idea or emotion.111
1162291969AsyndetonLeaving out conjunctions in lists or between phrases, words, or clauses.112
1162291970Polysyndeton(The stylistic Opposite of asyndeton) Deliberate use of conjunctions.113
1162291971ZeugmaLinking unexpected items together by a shared word.114
1162291972Synecdoche(Similar to metonymy) Using part of something to refer to another thing as a larger whole.115
1162291974HyperbatonPurposely arranging words in an unexpected order.116
1162291975AporiaUsed to express doubt about an idea.117
1162291976AnaphoraThe use of the same word or phrase at the beginning of each phrase or sentence.118
1162291977Epistrophe(Similar to anaphora) The use of the same word or phrase at the end of each phrase or sentence.119
1162291978Symploce(Form of parallelism) A combination of using a word or phrase repeatedly at the beginning or end of a phrase or sentence.120
1162291979AmplificationRepeating something just said but adding more detail to it.121
1162291980PersonificationGiving human-like traits to something not human.122
1162291981ParataxisA series of clauses without conjunctions.123
1162291983EnthymemeAn abbreviated, informal structured argument with a major and minor premises, both assumed true, making the audience assume the conclusion is also true.124
1162291985TropeA figure of speech in which words are used in a way that changes their meanings.125
1162291986PolemicAn attack during an argument that hits the opposing point of view.126
1162291987EquivocationA fallacy that uses a word with two meanings but concludes the word to have only one meaning.127
1162291988PhronesisEffects Ethos in making it seem the speaker has the wisdom to judge right from wrong.128
1162291989Red HerringA remark that distracts or sidetracks from the original subject of argument.129
1162291990Straw ManA fallacy that attacks the weaker side of the argument and not the issue at hand.130
1162291991HortatorySpeech or writing that urges or commands the audience to do something.131
1162291992PersonaA voice or mask that is used with acting or speaking that the person uses for a particular reason.132
1162414130AbsoluteA word free from limitations or qualifications133
1162414131AdageA familiar proverb or wise saying134
1162414132ArchetypeA detail, image, or character type that appears frequently in literature and is thought to appeal in a universal way135
1162414133Balanced sentenceA sentence in which words, phrases, or clauses are set off against each other to emphasize a contrast136
1162414134Cliche'An expression that has been overused to the extent that its freshness has worn off137
1162414135ColloquialismA word or phrase (including slang) used in everyday conversation and informal writing but that is often inappropriate in formal writing (y'all, ain't)138
1162414136Complex sentenceA sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause139
1162414137Compound sentenceContains at least two independent clauses but no dependent clauses.140
1162414138loose (cumulative) sentenceA sentence in which the main independent clause is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases (main clause is at the beginning)141
1162414139Declarative sentenceA sentence that makes a statement or declaration142
1162414140DialectA regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.143
1162414141Dilemmaa difficult or perplexing situation or problem requiring a person to decide between two equally attractive or unattractive alternatives144
1162414142Dissonanceharsh, inharmonious sounds145
1162414143Elegya sorrowful formal poem or speech about death or another solemn theme146
1162414144EllipsisIndicated by a series of three periods, the __ indicates that some material has been omitted from a given text.147
1162414145EpicA long narrative poem, written in heightened language, which recounts the deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of a particular society148
1162414146EpigramA brief witty poem, often satirical.149
1162414147Epigrapha saying or statement on a title page of a work, or used as a heading for a chapter or other section of a work150
1162483255EpiphanyA moment of sudden revelation or insight151
1162483256Epitapha brief statement written on a tomb or gravestone152
1162483257Eulogya speech honoring the dead153
1162483258Exclamatory sentenceA sentence expressing strong feeling, usually punctuated with an exclamation mark154
1162483259Expletivean interjection to lend emphasis; often a profanity155
1162483260FableA brief story that leads to a moral, often using animals as characters156
1162483261FantasyA story including elements that are impossible or make-believe.157
1162483262FlashbackA method of narration in which present action is temporarily interrupted so that the reader can witness past events158
1162483263Flat characterA character who is not well-developed, but rather one-dimensional ; he/she has only one or two personality traits159
1162483264ForeshadowingA narrative device that hints at coming events; often builds suspense or anxiety in the reader.160
1162483265Frame devicea story within a story. An example is Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, in which the primary tales are told within the "frame story" of the pilgrimage to Canterbury161
1162483266HubrisExcessive pride or arrogance that results in the downfall of the protagonist of a tragedy162
1162483267Hypothetical questiona question that asks how a respondent might react in a given situation163
1162483268IdiomA common, often used expression that doesn't make sense if you take it literally.164
1162483269ImplicationA suggestion an author or speaker makes (implies) without stating it directly. NOTE: the author/sender implies; the reader/audience infers.165
1162483270Jargonspecialized technical terminology; a characteristic language of a particular group166
1162483271JuxtapositionPlacement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts167
1162483272LegendA narrative story about mythical or supernatural beings or events handed down from the past168
1162483273LimerickA five line poem in which lines 1, 2 and 5 rhyme and lines 3 and 4 rhyme.169
1162483274Literary licensedeviating from normal rules or methods in order to achieve a certain effect170
1162483275Malapropismthe unintentional misuse of a word by confusion with one that sounds similar171
1162483276MaximA concise statement, often offering advice; an adage172
1162483277MotifA recurring element, such as an image, theme, or type of incident.173
1162483278MotivationA character's incentive or reason for behaving in a certain manner; that which impels a character to act174
1162483279Mytha traditional story where supernatural characters and events are used to explain a natural event175
1162483280Non sequiturAn argument where claim, reasons and warrants don't connect logically, and one point doesn't follow another.176
1162483281Parentheticala comment that interrupts the immediate subject, often to qualify or explain177
1162483282PathosAppeal to emotion178
1162483283LogosAppeal to logic; facts179
1162483284EthosAppeal to ethics; credibility180
1162483285PhilippicA bitter verbal attack181
1162483286PunPlay on words; achieved through the use of words with similar sounds but different meanings182
1162483287ResolutionAlso called the denouement, this is the final stage in the plot of a drama or work of fiction. Here the action comes to an end and remaining loose ends are tied up.183
1162483288Round characterA character who demonstrates some complexity and who develops or changes in the course of a work184
1162483289Romantic19th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason185
1162483290Scapegoata person or thing carrying the blame for others186
1162483291Simple sentenceA sentence consisting of one independent clause and no dependent clause187
1162483292SolecismNonstandard grammatical usage; a violation of grammatical rules188
1162483293StructureArrangement of parts189
1162483294SurrealismAn artistic movement that displayed vivid dream worlds and fantastic unreal images190
1162483295SyllepsisA construction in which one word is used in two different senses ("After he threw the ball, he threw a fit.")191
1162516032Synesthesiadescribing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound")192
1162516033Tautologyneedless repetition using different but equivalent words; a redundancy (ex: widow woman, free gift)193
1162516034TrilogyA group of three literary or musical works that have a related theme194
1162516035Tritecommonplace; overused, stale195
1162516036VernacularEveryday language used in a country or region.196
1162543818ArchaismA word, expression, spelling, or phrase that is out of date in the common speech of an era, but still deliberately used by a writer, poet, or playwright for artistic purposes197
1162543819Authorial intrusionliterary device wherein the author penning the story, poem or prose steps away from the text and speaks out to the reader.198
1162543820IdyllA scene or event of a simple and tranquil nature199
1162543821Socratic ironysomeone pretends to be ignorant to expose the ignorance or inconsistency of someone else.200
1162543822Ironic overstatementwhen a person exaggerates the character of something.201
1162543823Ironic understatementwhen a person undermines the character of something.202
1162543824Melodramaa play interspersed with songs and orchestral music accompanying the action203
1162543825Absolute metaphora metaphor (or figurative comparison) in which one of the terms (the tenor) can't be readily distinguished from the other (the vehicle).Example: "We are the eyelids of defeated caves."204
1162543826Active metaphorone which is relatively new and has not become part of everyday linguistic usage. The audience knows that a metaphor has been used.205
1162543827Dead metaphormetaphors that normally go unnoticed or that are cliché206
1162543828Mixed metaphora metaphor that combines different images or ideas in a way that is foolish or illogical207
1162543829Submerged metaphorone in which the vehicle is implied, or indicated by one aspect. Example: "my winged thought". Here, the audience must supply the image of the bird.208
1162543830Neoclassical dramaNeoclassicism covers the period from the end of the English Renaissance in 1642 to the culmination of the French Revolution and the beheading of Louis the XVI in 1793 - in this type of drama, there were either comedies or tragedies - no combination of the two.209
1162543831Implied metaphorone in which the tenor is not specified but implied. Example: "Shut your trap!" Here, the mouth of the listener is the unspecified tenor.210
2244294680undertonean attitude that may lie under the ostensible tone of the piece. Under the surface, for example, a work may have threatening undertones211
2244303784anecdotea short narrative detailing particulars of an interesting episode or event.212

Geometry Chapter One Flashcards

Important terms from Chapter One of the McGraw Hill Geometry Book

Terms : Hide Images
1530241751Acute anglean angle that measures between 0 and 90 degrees, not inclusive0
1530241752Adjacent anglesangles that share a common vertex and a common side1
1530241753Angle bisectora line, line segment or ray that goes through the vertex of an angle and divides it into two equal angles that are half the measure of the original angle2
1530241754Areahow many squares are contained in something3
1530241755Circumferencethe distance around a circle4
1530241756Collinearpoints on the same line5
1530241757Complementary anglestwo angles whose measures total 90 degrees6
1530241758Concavea polygon with at least one diagonal in the exterior7
1530241759Convexa polygon whose diagonals are all in the interior8
1530241760Conethe 3-dimensional object with a circular base and diagonal sides coming to a point at the top.9
1530241761CongruentEqual in every way10
1530241762Coplanarthings on the same plane11
1530241763Cylinderthe 3-dimensional object with 2 circular bases and perpendicular lateral sides12
1530241764Degreeangles are measured with a protractor in degrees13
1530241765Edgewhere 2 planes of a 3-dimensional object meet14
1530241766Equilateral polygona polygon with congruent sides15
1530241767Equiangular polygona polygon with congruent angles16
1530241768Facea plane that is part of a 3-dimensional object17
1530241769Intersectionwhere 2 lines or planes meet18
1530241770Lineone of the undefinable terms made up of points very close together. It is unmeasurable and has one dimension.19
1530241771Line segmentit is a piece of a line with 2 endpoints. It can be measured and has one dimension.20
1530241772Linear pair2 adjacent angles that are also supplementary21
1530241773Midpointthe point in the middle of a line segment22
1530241774N-gonrepresent a polygon with an unknown number of sides23
1530241775Obtuse anglean angle that measures between 90 and 180 degrees, not inclusive24
1530241776Opposite rays2 rays pointing in opposite directions that make a straight angle measuring 180 degrees25
1530241777Perimeterthe distance around a polygon found by the sum of the sides26
1530241778Perpendicularmaking a 90 degree angle27
1530241779Planean undefinable term meaning a thin flat surface with 2 dimensions but unmeasureable28
1530241780Platonic solida group of objects named for Plato containing all the same regular polygons. There are only 5.29
1530241781Pointan undefinable term meaning a dot with no dimension and unmeasureable30
1530241782Polygona shape that is closed, created by straight sides, and the sides don't cross each other.31
1530241783Polyhedrona 3-dimensional object made of polygons32
1530241784Prisma 3-dimensional box made of polygons with 2 congruent bases and lateral perpendicular sides that are usually rectangles33
1530241785Pyramida 3-dimensional object made of a polygonal base with triangular lateral sides that come together in a point34
1530241786Raya piece of a line with one endpoint that is immeasurable and has one dimension35
1530241787Regular polygona polygon that is equilateral and equiangular36
1530241788Right anglean angle that measures exactly 90 degrees37
1530241789Segment bisectora line or point that divides a segment into 2 equal segments that are half the measure of the original segment38
1530241790Spherea 3-dimensional perfect circle39
1530241791Supplementary angles2 angles whose degrees add up to 18040
1530241792Surface areathe sum of the areas of all the faces of a 3-dimensional object41
1530241793Undefined termterms whose definitions are not easy to put into words - point, line, and plane42
1530241794Vertexthe intersection of the 2 sides of an angle43
1530241795Vertical anglespairs of angles formed by 2 intersecting lines44
1530241796Volumethe measurement of how many cubes contained in a 3-dimensional object45

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