| CourseNotes

Chapter 29: Resource acquisition, nutrition, & transport in vascular plants Flashcards

2195553383	Shoots systems get	sunlight and CO2	0
2195556634	Roots systems get	water and minerals	1
2196017534	Early land plants were non vascular plants that grew photosynthetic shoots above the shallow fresh water in which they lived because...	their leafless shoots typically had waxy cuticles and few stomata, which allowed them to avoid excessive water loss while still permitting some exchange of CO2 and O2 for photosynthesis	2
2196013530	Xylem	transports water and minerals from roots to shoots	3
2196013979	Phloem	transports products of photosynthesis from which they are made or stored to where they are needed	4
2200161721	The adaptations of each species represent compromises between...	enhancing photosynthesis and minimizing water loss in the species' particular habitat	5

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Out of Many Vocabulary Chapter 22 Flashcards

Definitions from chapter 22 of the "Out of Many" AP United States History textbook

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2222145017	roosevelt corollary	president Theodore Roosevelt's policy asserting U.S. authority to intervene in the affairs of Latin American nations; an expansion of the Monroe Doctrine	0
2222145018	monroe doctrine	in December 1823, Monroe declared to Congress that Americans "are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European power."	1
2222145019	open door	american policy of seeking equal trade and investment opportunities in foreign nations or regions	2
2222145020	militarism	the tendency to see military might as the most important and best tool for the expansion of a nation's power and prestige	3
2222145021	imperialism	the policy and practice of exploiting nations and peoples for the benefit of an imperial power either directly through military occupation and colonial rule or indirectly through economic domination of resources and markets	4
2222145022	allies	in WWI, Britain, France, Russia, and other belligerent nations fighting against the Central Powers but not including the United States	5
2222145023	preparedness	military buildup in preparation for possible U.S. participation in WWI	6
2222145024	committee on public information	government agency during WWI that sought to shape public opinion in support of the war effort through newspapers, pamphlets, speeches, films, and other media	7
2222145025	selective service act	the law establishing military draft for WWI	8
2222145026	war industries board	the federal agency that reorganized industry for maximum efficiency and productivity during WWI	9
2222145027	liberty bonds	interest-bearing certificates sold by the U.S. government to finance the American WWI effort	10
2222145028	espionage act	no more aiding the enemy or obstructing recruitment, more survellience for u.s.	11
2222145029	sedition act	broad law restricting criticism of America's involvement in WWI or its government, flag, military, taxes, or officials	12
2222145030	great migration	the mass movement of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North, spurred especially by new job opportunities during WWI and the 1920s	13
2222145031	league of nations	international organization created by the Versailles Treaty after WWI to ensure stability	14
2222145032	central powers	germany and its WWI allies in Austria, Italy, Turkey, and Bulgaria	15
2222145033	self determination	the right of a people or a nation to decide on its own political allegiance or form of government without external influence	16
2222145034	irreconcilables	group of U.S. senators adamantly opposed to ratification of the Treaty of Versailles after WWI	17
2222145035	versailles treaty	the treaty ending WWI and creating the League of Nations	18
2222145036	bolsheviks	members of the Communist movement in Russia who established the Soviet government after the 1917 Russian Revolution	19
2222145037	red scare	post-WWI public hysteria over Bolshevik influence in the United States directed against labor activism, radical dissenters, and some ethnic groups	20
2222145038	Roosevelt "big stick"	Have strong military	21
2222145039	Panama canal	American respected the freedom of Panama and paid 10 mil for land +250 thousand a year	22
2222145040	Roosevelt Corollary	(TR) , Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force, first put into effect in Dominican Republic	23
2222145041	Open door policy	A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China. was threatened by japan russia war	24
2222145042	Dollar diplomacy	(WT) , President Taft's policy of building strong economic ties to Latin America. (Nicaragua, DR, Haiti, Virgin Islands),	25
2222145043	Taft	wanted weapon business	26
2222145044	Wilson with Mexico	Militarism and imperialism but found out to an extent when he couldn't control this revolution	27
2222145045	Triple alliance	Central powers)= Germany, austria hungary and italy and the triple entente ( Allies)= Britain, russia, france	28
2222145046	Neutrality	America was as neutral as possible, but germany messed it up shot down louistiana than war zone break and mexico alliance	29
2222145047	Committee on Public Information	propaganda	30
2222145048	Wilson	was calling it a moral crusade	31
2222145049	14 points	(1918) President Woodrow Wilson's plan for organizing post World War I Europe and for avoiding future wars. What was controversial??	32
2222145050	during war food is what	importnat	33
2222145051	What happen to labor during the world war 1	more jobs got higher pay, more people necessary women got more jobs	34
2222145052	19th ammendmant	woman can vote now	35

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American Pagent 12th Edition Flashcards

Used for AP United States History (In Michigan) Including actual test questions!
I'll be adding more flashcards as we cover the chapters However we did skip chapter one so I do not belive that will ever be covered. Enjoy!
Sydney
Ps. the cards that say online quiz's come from historyteacher.net and http://college.cengage.com/history/us/kennedy/am_pageant/12e/students/ace/index.html

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255619256	Ringshout	West African religious rite, retained by African Americans, in which participants responded to a preacher Chapter 4 Quiz	0
255619257	New York City Slave Revolt of 1712	Major Middle Colonies rebellion that caused thirty three deaths Chapter 4 Quiz	1
255619259	New England Conscience	The legacy of Puritian religion that inspired idealism and reform among later generations of americans Chapter 4 Quiz	2
255619260	Harvard	The oldest college in America originally based on the Puritan commitment to an educated ministry Chapter 4 Quiz	3
255619261	William and Mary	The oldest college in the south, founded in 1793 Chapter 4 Quiz	4
255619264	Leisler's rebellion	Small New York Revolt of 1689-1691 that reflected class antagonism between landlords and merchants Chapter 4 Quiz	5
255619265	The attitude of carolinas towards indians can be best described as	Hostile Chapter 6+7 Test	6
255619266	The city of New Haven was founded by	Puritans Chapter 6+7 Test	7
255619267	The population of Chesapeake colonies was noble for its lack of	Women Chapter 6+7 Test	8
255619268	New England colonist were outraged when british dipomats returned_________to french in 1748	louisbourg Chapter 6+7 Test	9
255619269	As a result of General Braddock's defeat a few miles from Fort Duquesne	The frontier from pennsylvania to North Carolina was open to Indian Attack Chapter 6+7 Test	10
255619270	As A French and Indian war, Great Britian...	Became the dominant power in North America Chapter 6+7 Test	11
255619271	The proclamation of 1763 was issued mainly to	workout affair settlement of the indian problem Chapter 6+7 Test	12
255619272	The "Ratical Whigs" Feared	The arbitary power of Monarchy Chapter 6+7 Test	13
255619273	The British Crowns "Royal Veto" of Colonial Legislation	Was used sometimes but colonist resented it Chapter 6+7 Test	14
255619274	The first law ever passed by parliment for rasing tax revenues in the colonies for the crown was	Sugar Act Chapter 6+7 Test	15
255619275	Before 1763 Navagation laws	Loosely enforced in American Colonies Chapter 6+7 Test	16
255619276	Passage of Sugar and Stamp act	Convinced many colonists the british trying to take away liberty Chapter 6+7 Test	17
255619277	"Virtual" Representation means that	every member parliment represented all British subjects Chapter 6+7 Test	18
255619278	The Most Drastic of The Intolerable Acts	Boston Port Act Chapter 6+7 Test	19
255619279	First Continental Congress	Consider ways of redressing colonial orievances Chapter 6+7 Test	20
255619280	As the war for Independence began the colonies afvantage of	Many outstanding civil and Military leaders Chapter 6+7 Test	21
255619281	The colonists faced	use of European officers Chapter 6+7 Test	22
255619285	the Principle established by cheif justice marshal in a famous case that the surpeme court can declare laws unconstitutional	Maubury v. Madison who had final authority of the meaning of the constitution (Judicial Review) Chapter 11 Worksheet	23
255619286	Precedent setting Supreme Court Case in whihc Marshall declared part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional	Marbury V. Madison Chapter 11 Worksheet	24
255619288	Branch of Military service that Jefferson considered least threatening to liberty and most necessary to suppressing the Barbary states	Navy Chapter 11 Worksheet	25
255619290	Territory beyond Louisiana, along the Columbia River, explored by Lewis and Clark	Oregon Chapter 11 Worksheet	26
255619292	American ship fired on by British in 1807, nearly leading to war between the 2 countries	Chesapeake Chapter 11 Worksheet	27
255619294	Militantly nationalistic western congressmen eager for hostilities with the indians, canadians, and british	War Hawks Chapter 11 Worksheet	28
255619295	Battle of 1811 where General Harrison defeated the Indian Forces under Tecumseh and the Prophet	Tippecanoe Chapter 11 Worksheet	29
255619296	Federalist name for the war of 1812 that blamed it on the republican president	Mr. Madison's War Chapter 11 Worksheet	30
255619297	What did the 1829 presidential elections demonstrate?	That the new political parties were strongle sectional in their sources of strength Chapter 10+11 Test	31
255619298	The Second Bank of the United States did not.....	shift funds from the west nad south to the northeast Chapter 10+11 Test	32
255619299	The debate between Webster and Hayne in 1830 Concerned?	The nullification of the federal Laws Chapter 10+11 Test	33
255619300	Andrew Jackson Specie Circular saught to	slow down speculation in public land Chapter 10+11 Test	34
255619301	As a result of Jackson's Bank Policies	sales of public land rose tremendously banks printed new bank notes with abandon the nation entered a period of speculative mania Chapter 10+11 Test	35
255619302	Cheif wepon used by andrew jackson in his dispute with national bank was	to deposit government money in state banks Chapter 10+11 Test	36
255619303	What was the opinion of Andrew Jackson and probably most of his contemporaries regarding the spoils system	the frequent roatation of office holders had a benificial effect on the government Chapter 10+11 Test	37
255619304	The political purpose for proposing the tarriff of 1828 was to?	Discredit the administration of president John Quincy Adams Chapter 10+11 Test	38
255619305	The Whig Party turned against president john tyler because	he opposed the entire whig legislative program Chapter 10+11 Test	39
255619306	andrew jackson's view of the presidency emphasised	leadership by the executive branch in the interests of the people. Chapter 10+11 Test	40
255619307	John C calhoun advocated nullification of a federal law in 1828 and again in 1832 to	Avoid secession Chapter 10+11 Test	41
255619308	In contrast to hte chesapeake colonies those in New England	Had a more diversified economy Chapter 10+11 Test	42
255754020	Originally, The primary purpose of the Joint-stock Virigina company was to provide for the Well-being of the free born english settlers in the colony True or False?	FALSE Chapter 2 Online test	43
255754021	The defeat og Powhatan's indian forces in Virginia was achieved partly by Lord De La Warr's use of brutal "Irish Tactics" True or False?	TRUE Chapter 2 online test	44
255754022	The Maryland colony was founded to establish a religious refuge for persecuted English quakers True or False?	FALSE Chapter 2 Online test	45
255754023	South Carolina prospered partly by selling african slaves in the West indies True or False?	FALSE Chapter 2 Online test	46
255754024	In Their early years, North Carolina and Georgia avoided reliance on slavery True or False?	TRUE Chapter 2 Online Test	47
255754025	After decades of religious turmoil. protestantism finally gained permanent domainance after the succession to the throne of	Queen Elizabeth I Chapter 2 Online Test	48
255754026	Imperial England and English soldiers developed a contemptuous attitude toward "Natives" partly through their colonizing experiences in	Ireland Chapter 2 Online Test	49
255754027	England's victory over the Spanish Armada gave it	Dominance of the Alantic Ocean and a Viberant sence of Nationalism Chapter 2 Online Test	50
255754028	At all time of hte first colonization efforts, England	was undergoing rapid economic and social transformations Chapter 2 test online	51
255754029	Many of the early Puritan settlers of America were	uprooted sheep farmers from eastern and western england chapter 2 test online	52
255754030	Representative government was first introduced to America in the colony of	Virginia Chapter 2 test online	53
255754031	One important difference between the founding of hte Virginia and Maryland colonies was that	Virginia was founded mainly as an economic ventured while maryland was intended partly to secure religious freedom for persecuted Roman Catholics Chapter 2 Online Test	54
255754032	The early conflicts between English settlers and the Indians Near Jamestown Laid the basis for	the forced separation of the Indians into the separate territories of the "reservation system" Chapter 2 Online Test	55
255754033	In colonial English-Indian relations, the term "Middle Ground" referred to	the cultural zone where indians and whites were forced to accommodate one another by shared pratices that included intermarriage Chapter 2 Online Test	56
255754034	After the defeat of hte coastal Tuscarora and Yamasee Indians by North Carolinias in 1711-1715	the powerful creeks, cherokees, and iroquois remained in the appalachian mountians as a barrier againstwhite settement Chapter 2 Online Test	57
255754035	Most of the early white settlers in North Carolina were	religious dissenters and poor whites fleeing aristocratic Virginia Chapter 2 Online Test	58
255754036	The puritans all wanted to break away from the church of england and establish a new purified church True or false?	FALSE Chapter 3 Online Test	59
255754037	The large, separatist Plymouth Colony strongly influenced Puritan Massachusetts Bay True or false?	FALSE Chapter 3 Online test	60
255754038	Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson were both banished for organizing political rebels against Massachusetts bay athorities True or false?	FALSE Chapter 3 Online test	61
255754039	The wampanoag people of New England initially befriended the English Colonies True or false?	TRUE Chapter 3 Online Test	62
255754040	New York became the most democratic and economically equal of the middle colonies True or False?	FALSE Chapter 3 Online Test	63
255754041	William Penn originally planned his Pennsylvania colony to be exclusively a refuge for his fellow Quakers True or False?	FALSE Chapter 3 Online Test	64
255754042	William Penn's benevolent policies were supported by non-quaker immigrants to Pennsylvania True or False?	FALSE Chapter 3 Online Test	65
255754043	The middle colonies were characterized by tightly knit ethically homogeneous communities that shared a common scense of religious purpose True or False?	FALSE Chapter 3 Online Test	66
255754044	The principal motivation shpaing the earliest settlements in New England was	Religious commitment and devotion Chapter 3 Online Test	67
255754045	The indian tribe that first encountered the Pilgrim colonists in New england were the	Wampanoags Chapter 3 Online Test	68
255754046	the puritan missionary efforts to convert indians to christianity were	weak and mostly unsuccessful Chapter 3 Online test	69
255754047	The primary value of the New England Confederation Lay in	Providing the first small step on the road to intercolonial cooperation Chapter 3 Online Test	70
255754048	The event that sparked the collapse of the Dominion of New England was	The Glorious Revolution in England Chapter 3 Online Test	71
255754049	The dutch colony of New Netherland.....	Was harshly and undemocratically governed Chapter 3 Online Test	72
255754050	William penn's colony of pennsylvania...	activly sought settlers from Germany and other non British countries Chapter 3 Online Test	73
255754051	Besides pennsylvania, quakers were also heavily involved in the early settlement of both	New jersey and delaware Chapter 3 Online Test	74
255754052	the middle colonies of new york new jersey pennsylvania and delaware	had more ethnic diversity and either new england or the southern colonies Chapter 3 Online Test	75
256106942	New England Expansion was carried out primarily by independent pioneers and land speculators who bought up large plots and then sold them to individual farmers True or false?	FALSE Chapter 4 Test online	76
256106943	New England women enjoyed fewer rights to inherit and own property than women in the south True or false?	TRUE Chapter 4 Online Test	77
256106944	New England's commercial wealth was based on overseas shipment of the agricultural products of its rich soil True or False?	FALSE Chapter 4 Online Test	78
256106945	Seventeenth-century American lfe was generally simple and lacking in displays of wealth or elaborate class distinctions True or False?	TRUE Chapter 4 Online test	79
256106946	For most of their early history, the colonies of Maryland and Virginia....	Containted far more men than women Chapter 4 Online test	80
256106947	The primary cause of Bacon's Rebellion was...	the poverty and discontent of many single young men unable to acquire land Chapter 4 Online test	81
256106948	Puritan lawmakers in New England prevented married women from having property rights because....	they feared that separate property rights for women would undercut the unity of married couples Chapter 4 Online Test	82
256106949	In New England, Elementary Education.....	Was mandatory for any town with more than 50 families. Chapter 4 Online Test	83
256106950	THe Congregational Church of the Puritans contributed to....	The development of basic democracy in the New england town meeting Chapter 4 Online Test	84
256106951	The focus of much of New England's poliics, religion, and Education was the institution of.....	the town Chapter 4 Online Test	85
256106952	The Half-way Covenant provided........	Baptism but not "full communion" to people who had not had a conversion experience Chapter 4 Online Test	86
256106953	Those people accused of being witches in salem were generally....	from families associated with salem's burgeoning market economy Chapter 4 Online Test	87
256106954	English settlers greatly changed the character of the New England enviroment by.....	their extensive introduction of livestock Chapter 4 Online Test	88
256761422	The established Anglican Church was a more powerful force in colonial life than the congregational Church of New England True or False?	FALSE Chapter 5 Online Test	89
256761423	German settlement in the colonies was especially heavy in.....	Pennsylvania Chapter 5 Online Test	90
256761424	the Scots-Irish eventually became concentrated especially in........	The frontier areas. Chapter 5 Online Test	91
256761425	Indians and African-Americans shared in the common American experience of..........	Creating new cultures and societies out of the mingling of diverse ethnic groups Chapter 5 Online Test	92
256761426	Besides offering rest and refreshment, colonial taverns served an important function as centers of.....	News and political opinion Chapter 5 Online Test	93
256761427	The Anglican Church suffered in colonial America because of......	its poorly qualified clergy and close ties with British authorities. Chapter 5 Online Test	94
256761428	A primary weapon used by colonial legislatures in their conflicts with royal governors was	using their power of the purse to withhold the governor's salary Chapter 5 online test	95
256789305	The french empire in north america rested on an economic foundation of forestry and sugar production True or false?	FALSE Chapter 6 Online Test	96
256789306	In the early seventeenth century, both France and England commited large regular forces to what they considered the crucial struggle for control of North America True or False?	FALSE Chapter 6 Online Test	97
256789307	George washington's battle at Fort Necessity substantialy resolved the issue of control of the Ohio Valley True or False?	FALSE Chapter 6 Online Test	98
256789308	The Albany Congress demonstrated a strong desire among some English Colonists to overcome their differences nad control their own affairs True or False?	FALSE Chapter 6 Online Test	99
256789309	British regular troops under General Braddock succeeded in capturing the key French Forts in the Ohio Valley True or False?	FALSE Chapter 6 Online Test	100
256789310	Compared with the English colonies, New France was.....	more autocratically governed Chapter 6 Online Test	101
256789311	The expansion of New France occurred especially...	along the paths of lakes and rivers Chapter 6 Online Test	102
256789312	Colonial Americans were unhappy after hte peace treaty following the "war of Jenkins's Ear" because.......	it gave the Louisbourg fortress they had captured back to France Chapter 6 Online Test	103
256853008	William Pitt's strategy in the assauly of New France finally succeeded because.....	he concentrated british forces on attacking the vital strong points of Quebec and Montreal Chapter 6 Online Test	104
256853009	The French And Indian war weakened interior indian peoples like iroquois and Creeks by...	Removing their french and spanish allies from Canada and Florida Chapter 6 Online Test	105
256853010	Pontiac's fierce attack on frontier outposts in 1763 had the effect of	Convincing the Brtish to keep troops stationed in the colonies Chapter 6 Online Test	106
256853011	The french and Indian war created conflict between the brtish and the american military because	british officers treated the american colonial milita with contempt Chapter 6 Online Test	107
256935040	The repunlican idea of a just society in which selfish interests were subordinated to the common good took dep root in Britain's North American colonies True or False?	TRUE Chapter 7 Online Test	108
256935041	When Americans first cried "no taxation without representation," what they wanted ws to be represented in the British Parliament True or False?	FALSE Chapter 7 Online Test	109
256935042	The Boston Massacre led the British government to pursue even harsher enforcement of the Townshend Acts True or False?	FALSE Chapter 7 Online Test	110
256935043	The First continental Congress proclaimed that the colonies would declare independence from Britian unless their grievances were redressed. True or False?	FALSE Chapter 7 Online Test	111
256935044	One of the ways in which mercantilism harmed the colonial economy was	by inhibiting the devlopment of banking and paper currency in the colonies Chapter 7 Online Test	112
256935045	The mobilization of "nonimportation" policies against the Stamp Act was politically important because	it aroused revolutionary fervor among many ordinary American men and women. Chapter 7 Online Test	113
256935046	American colonists especially resented the Townshend Acts because	the revenues from the taxation would go to support British officials and judges in America Chapter 7 Online Test	114
256935047	The event that precipitated the first real shooting between the British and American colonists was	The british Attempt to seize colonial supplies and the leaders at Lexington and Concord Chapter 7 Online Test	115
257398805	The most important action the Continental Congress took to protest the Intolerable Acts was	Forming the Association to impose a complete boycott of all British goods. Chapter 7 Online Test	116
257398807	The British parliamentary government at the time of the American REvolution was headed by	Lord North Chapter 7 Online Test	117
257398809	One of the advantages the colonists enjoyed in the impending conflict with Britian was	Fighting defensively on a large agriculturally self-sufficient continent Chapter 7 Online Test	118
257398812	In the Revolutionary war, African Americans....	fought in both the American patriot and British loyalist military forces Chapter 7 ONline Test	119
257398814	Geroge Washington was chosen commander of the American army primarily because of his miitary abilities and experience true or false?	FALSE Chapter 8 Online Test	120
257961931	Following the battle of bunker hill, king george and the Continental congress made one last attempt at reconciliation True or False?	FALSE Chapter 8 Online Test	121
257961932	The declaration of independence was especially important because it enabled the Americans to appeal for direct aid from France True or False?	TRUE Chapter 8 Online Test	122
257961933	The Loyalists considered the "Patriots" to be the traitors to their country and themselves to be the true patriots True Or False?	TRUE Chapter 8 Online Test	123
257961934	Most Loyalists were executed or driven from the country after the Patriot victory true ofr false?	FALSE Chapter 8 Online Test	124
257961935	The Loyalists were strongest in New England and Virginia true or false?	FALSE Chapter 8 Online Test	125
257961936	French entry into the war turned the american revolutionary was into a world war involving most of the european great powers True or False?	TRUE Chapter 8 Online Test	126
257961937	At Yorktown, the Americans finally showed that they couldc win an important battle without french assistance true or false?	False Chapter 8 Online Test(q 13)	127

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APWH Terms Chapter 28: Descent into the Abyss: World War I and the Crisis of the European Global Order Flashcards

The Newest Stage of World History: 1914- Present
Ch.28 Descent into the Abyss: World War I and the Crisis of the European Global Order.

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1390797605	Liberty Bonds	A war bond that was sold in the United States to support the allied cause in World War I. Subscribing to the bonds became a symbol of patriotic duty in the United States and introduced the idea of financial securities to many citizens for the first time.	0
1390797606	Archduke Franz Ferdinand	The (crown prince) heir to Austrian throne from 1896: assassinated on June 28, 1914 during good-will mission in Sarajevo, Bosnia (Aus-Hung) by Serbians, sparking WWI: caused Germany and other Austro Allies to declare war on Serbia and its allies	1
1390797607	Western Front	Front established in World War I; generally along line from Belgium to Switzerland; featured trench warfare and horrendous casualties for all sides in the conflict.	2
1390797608	Woodrow Wilson	28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize	3
1390797609	Kaiser Wilhelm II	Was the Kaiser of Germany at the time of the First World War reigning from 1888-1918. He pushed for a more aggressive foreign policy by means of colonies and a strong navy to compete with Britain. His actions added to the growing tensions in pre-1914 Europe.Dismissed Bismarck in 1890. Did not renew Bismarck's treaty with Russia and "Forced" Russia to look for another ally, France.	4
1390797610	Triple Entente	Alliance among Britain, Russia, and France at the outset of the 20th century; part of European alliance system and balance of power prior to World War I.	5
1390797611	Triple Alliance	Alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy at the end of the 19th century; part of European alliance system and balance of power prior to World War I.	6
1390797612	Dreadnought	A battleship with increased speed and power over conventional warships, developed by both Germany and Great Britain to increase their naval arsenals. Carried 10 300mm guns mounted in 5 turrets.	7
1390797613	Franco-Prussian War	Third stage in German unification. Bismark sought to unify all Germans by creating a common enemy in France. Germany defeated France easily and German unification upset the balance of power A war between France and Prussia that ended the Second Empire in France and led to the founding of modern Germany; 1870-1871. Also contributed to WW1 because of Frances lost territory of Alsace and Lorraine.	8
1390797614	Sarajevo	Administrative center of the Bosnian province of Austrian Empire; assassination there of Arch-duke Ferdinand in 1914 started World War I	9
1390797615	Mohandas Ghandi	Led sustained all-India campaign for independence from British Empire after World War I. Stressed nonviolent but aggressive mass protest.	10
1390797616	Blank Check	Promise of support from Germany to Austria-Hungary after Ferdinand's assassination; Austria-Hungary sought reprisals against Serbia	11
1390797617	The Schlieffen Plan	A plan given by Count Schlieffen in which the Germans invaded France using a wheel-like flanking procedure while the Russians mobilized. It was banking on the fact that Russia would take 6 weeks to mobilize. This plan failed because the Germans could not transport troops as well as their opposing forces who had a well-constructed train system.	12
1390797618	Gavriel Princip	The Serbian nationalist who assassinated Archduke Ferdinand and his wife, his actions that were enforced by the Black Hand led directly to WWI	13
1390797619	Black Hand	The Serbian terrorist group that planned to assassinate Franz Ferdinand, part of the Pan-Slavism nationalist movement, with the intention of uniting all of the territories containing South Slav populations (Serbs, Croats, Macedonians, Slovenes, etc) annexed by Austria-Hungary.	14
1390797620	Armenian Genocide	Assault carried out by mainly Turkish military forces against Armenian population in Anatolia in 1915; over a million Armenians perished and thousands fled to Russia and the Middle East.	15
1390797621	Nicholas II	The last czar of Russia, he abdicated in 1917 and was murdered in 1918 along with his family. Though generally regarded as a decent man, he was an extremely weak and ineffective leader.	16
1390797622	Gallipoli	Peninsula south of Istanbul. Site of decisive 1915 Turkish victory over Australian and New Zealand forces under British command during World War I.	17
1390797623	Eastern Front	Most mobile of the fronts established during World War I; lacked trench warfare because of length of front extending from the Baltic to southern Russia; after early successes, military defeats led to downfall of the tsarist government in Russia.	18
1390797624	Adolf Hitler	Nazi leader of fascist Germany from 1933 to his suicide in 1945; created a strongly centralized state in Germany; eliminated all rivals; launched Germany on aggressive foreign policy leading to World War II; responsible for attempted genocide of European Jews.	19
1390797625	Stab in the Back	Myth promoted in Germany after the war that, on the brink of victory, socialists and Jewish politicians conspired to surrender to the Allies; used by Nazis as part of their drive to power in the 1920s.	20
1390797626	Georges Clemenceau	French prime minister; nickname "the Tiger" wanted to punish germany a lot by dramatically reducing its military army and letting French troops occupy the Rhineland until Germany had paid lots of reparations.	21
1390797627	David Lloyd George	Prime minister of Great Britain who headed a coalition government through much of World War I and the turbulent years that followed., He was the British representative at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He pushed for a revenge-based treaty at Versailles, hampering the 14 points.	22
1390797628	Self determination	Wilson called for national independence from colonial rule before Versailles; This encouraged colonial subjects in Asia and Africa until they discovered Wilson intended his rhetoric only for Europe.	23
1390797629	League of Nations	International diplomatic and peace organization created in the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I; one of the chief goals of President Woodrow Wilson of the United States in the peace negotiations; the United States was never a member	24
1390797630	Diktat	The German term for the Treaty of Versailles which they were forced to sign without being allowed to negotiate any of the details. This was an important factor in the anti-Versailles resentment of later years.	25
1390797631	Treaty of Versailles	Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty 1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Airforce. 2) Germany had to rapair war damages(33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manefacture any weapons.	26
1390797632	Tagore	A poet. He was India's first Nobel laureate(1913). Spokesman for Moral concerns of his age; set to music India's first national anthem; life mission was to promote pride in a national Indian consciousness in the face of British domination	27
1390797633	Fourteen Points	It was Wilson's peace plan. Each of the points were designed to prevent future wars. He compromised each point at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. The only point which remained was the 14th (League of Nations). Each one was appealing to a specific group in the war and each one held a specific purpose.	28
1390797634	National Congress Party	Grew out of regional associations of Western-educated Indians; originally centered in cities of Bombay, Poona, Calcutta, and Madras; became political party in 1885; focus of nationalist movement in India; governed through most of postcolonial period.	29
1390797635	B.G Tilak	Believed that nationalism in India should be based on appeals to Hindu religiosity; worked to promote the restoration and revival of ancient Hindu traditions; offended Muslims and other religious groups; first populist leader in India	30
1390797636	Morley-Minto Reforms	Provided educated Indians with considerably expanded opportunities to elect and serve on local and all-India legislative councils.	31
1390797637	Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms	Increased the powers of Indian legislators at the all-India level and placed much of the provincial administration of India under local ministries controlled by legislative bodies with substantial number of elected Indians; passed in 1919.	32
1390797638	Rowlatt Act	Placed severe restrictions on key Indian civil rights such as freedom of the press; acted to offset the concessions granted under Montagu-Chelmsford reforms of 1919, Allowed the British ruling government to jail any protester without trial for a maximum of two years.	33
1390797639	Satyagraha	Literally, truth-force; strategy of nonviolent protest developed by Mohandas Gandhi and his followers in India; later deployed throughout the colonized world and in the United States	34
1390797640	Lord Cromer	British proconsul in khedival Egypt from1883 to 1907; pushed for economic reforms that reduced but failed to eliminate the debts of the khedival regime	35
1390797641	effendi	Class of prosperous business and professional urban families in khedival Egypt; as a class generally favored Egyptian independence.	36
1390797642	Dinshawai Incident	Clash between British soldiers and Egyptian villagers in 1906; arose over hunting accident along Nile River where wife of prayer leader of mosque was accidentally shot by army officers hunting pigeons; led to Egyptian protest movement.	37
1390797643	Ataturk	Also known as Mustafa Kemal; leader of Turkish republic formed in 1923; reformed Turkish nation using Western models	38
1390797644	Hussein	Sherif of Mecca from 1908 to 1917; used British promise of independence to convince Arabs to support Britain against the Turks in World War I; angered by Britain's failure to keep promise; died 1931.	39
1390797645	Mandates	Governments entrusted to European nations in the Middle East in the aftermath of World War I; Britain occupied these in Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, and Palestine after 1922.	40
1390797646	Zionists	members of a movement known as Zionism, founded to promote the establishment of an independent Jewish state	41
1390797647	Theodor Herzl	Hungarian-born, Jewish journalist. Expressed a new sense of Jewish identity. Witnessed the Dreyfus affair and all the virulent anti-Semitism it brought to the surface. This stimulated him to found the Zionist movement which sought a Palestinian homeland. The First International Jewish Congress was held in Basel in 1897.	42
1390797648	Balfour Declaration	Statement issued by Britain's Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour in 1917 favoring the establishment of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine.	43
1390797649	Leon Pinsker	European Zionist who believed that Jewish assimilation into christian European nations was impossible; argued for return to Middle Eastern Holy Land	44
1390797650	World Zionist Organization	Formed by HERZL and other prominent European Jewish leaders to promote Jewish migration to Palestine in advance of the creation of a Zionist state in Palestine	45
1390797651	Wafd Party	Egyptian nationalist party that emerged after an Egyptian delegation was refused a hearing at the Versailles treaty negotiations following World War I; led by Sa'd Zaghlul; negotiations eventually led to limited Egyptian independence beginning in 1922.	46
1390797652	Alfred Dreyfus	French officer and Jew who was falsely accused of spying for Germany in the late 19th century; his mistreatment spurred Herzl and other Zionists to increase their call for a Jewish homeland.	47
1390797653	Sa'd Zaghlul	Leader of Egypts nationalist Wafd party; their negotiations w/ British led to limited Egyptian indep. in 1922, however British gov't told him to stop and was eventually exiled.	48
1390797654	Marcus Garvey	African American leader during the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa.	49
1390797655	W.E.B Du Bois	First African-American to recieve a doctorate. America's foremost black intellectual at the turn of the twentieth century, and an outspoken leader of the black cause. He disagreed with Booker T. Washington's accommodationist posture and called upon blacks to insist on equal rights. He was a founder of the NAACP and editor of its journal, "The Crisis."	50
1390797656	Pan-African	Organization that brought together intellectuals and political leaders from areas of Africa and African diaspora before and after World War I	51
1390797657	negritude	Literary movement in Africa; attempted to combat racial stereotypes of African culture; celebrated the beauty of black skin and African physique; associated with origins of African nationalist movements.	52
1390797658	Leopold Sedar Senghor	(1906 - 2001) One of the post-World War I writers of the negritude literary movement that urged pride in African values; president of Senegal from 1960 to 1980.	53

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Bio Study Vocab. (Nervous System) Flashcards

The nervous system is the master coordinating system of the body. Every thought, action, and sensation reflext its activity. The structures of the nervous system are described in terms of 2 principal divisions-the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS (brain and spinal cord) interprets incoming sensory information and issues instructions based on past experience. The PNS (cranial and spinal nerves and ganglia) provides the communication lines between the CNS and the body's muscles, glands, and sensory receptors. The nervous system is also divided functionally in terms of motor activities into the somatic and autonomic divisions. It is important, however, to recognize that these classifications are made for the sake of convenience and that the nervous system acts in an integrated manner both structurally and functionally.

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1958484189	Central nervous system	Nervous system subdivision that is composed of the brain and spinal cord- interprets/delivers information from/to target parts of the body	0
1958484190	Somatic nervous system	Subdivision of the PNS that controls voluntary activities such as the activation of skeletal muscles.	1
1958484191	Autonomic nervous system	Subdivision of the PNS that regulates the activity of the heart and smoot muscle, and of glands; it is also called the involuntary nervous system.	2
1958484193	Peripheral nervous system	A major subdivision of the nervous system that serves as communication -linking all parts of the body to the CNS.	3
1958484199	Neurons	Specialised cell that transmits electrical message from one area of the body to another area.	4
1958484200	Dendrite	Branches part of neuron receives impulses from other neurons. Conducts electrical currents toward the cell body.	5
1958484194	Myelin sheath	Increases the speed of impulse transmission.	6
1958484195	Cell body	Location of the nucleus.	7
1958484201	Axon	Generally conduct impulses away from the cell body.	8
1958484196	Stimulus	A change in the environment	9
1958484202	Hypothalamus	Regulates functions like body temp, water balance, appetite, sleep patterns (and hormones- from the pituitary gland) linked to emotion.	10
1958484203	Pons	Contains reflex centers involved in regulating respiratory rhythm] Structure #7	11
1958484204	Cerebellum	Responsible for the coordination of muscles and is the center of balance Structure #8.	12
1958484205	Thalamus	Important relay station for fibers traveling to the sensory cortex. Coordinates sensory messages Structure #2	13
1958484206	Medulla oblongata	Part of the brainstem that controls vital life-sustaining functions such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, and digestion. Structure #6	14
1958484208	Frontal lobe	Largest and longest lobe- involved with planning, problem-solving, personality, decision making, controlling emotions and speech production. Colored blue.	15
1958484197	Cerebrospinal fluid	clear watery liquid separating the middle and inner layers of the brain.	16
1958484209	Cerebrum	Largest part of the brain. Divided into lobes.	17
1958484210	Temporal lobe	Where the processing centers for smell and hearing are located. Green in the image.	18
1958484211	Occipital lobe	Where the processing centers for vision are located. Red/pink in the image.	19
1958484212	Parietal lobe	Where the processing centers for speech, taste and reading are located. Yellow in the image.	20
1958484198	Spinal cord	An extension of the brain stem- Bundles of neurons carry impulses from all parts of the body to/from the brain (Reflex arcs are housed here as well)0	21

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Managing stress Flashcards

Stress is the mental and physical response of our bodies to the changes and challenges of our lives.

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60220143	stressor	A physical, socical, or psychological event or condition that causes the body to adjust to a specific situation.	0
60220144	adjustment	the attempt to cope with a given situation.	1
60220145	strain	the wear ant tear the body and mind sustain in adjusting to or resisting a tressor.	2
60220146	eustress	Positive stress that presents opportunities for personal growth.	3
60220147	distress	Negative stress that can have a negative effect on health.	4

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Stress Management: Effects of Stress Flashcards

In this set, students will learn vocabulary related to the effects of stress.

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18007491	insomnia	cannot sleep	0
18007492	angry	the emotion or strong feeling you get when someone does something bad to you	1
18007493	sleep	to rest your mind and body, usually at night when you are lying in bed with your eyes closed	2
18007494	cry	to produce tears from your eyes, usually because you are unhappy or hurt	3
18007495	panic	a sudden strong feeling of fear or nervousness that makes you unable to think clearly headache - a pain in your head	4
18007496	stomachache	a pain in or near your stomach	5
18007497	depression	a medical condition that makes you very unhappy and anxious, and often prevents you from living a normal life	6
18007772	sick	to not feel well physically, like to have a cold or the flu, or other physical problems	7
18008271	sad	a feeling of unhappiness	8

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3.6.08 Stress and Coping Flashcards

1. To describe general stress theory.

2. To review empirical research about stress and its effects.

3. To outline the major elements of coping theory.

4. To consider practical strategies for managing stress, including mindfulness and resilience

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1596404552	Can stress cause heart attacks?	Viewing a stressful soccer match more than doubles the risk of acute cardiovascular event	0
1596404553	What is stress? What are exposures and appraisals? What happens when demand > resources?	Stress is the body's non-specific response to a demand placed on it 1 Stressor exposure: - any event/situation of potential demand, harm or threat 2 Stressor Appraisal: - evaluation of available resources to deal with stressor (cognitive response) 3. Stress response: = non-specific (but well recognised) physiological and psychological changes Plus (potentially) -learned and rehearsed responses	1
1596404554	What are the 3 models of stress?	1. Stimulus based model - stress is external to the person, who experiences a reaction to the stress 2. Response based model - focuses on the physiological, psychological, or behavioural response of the person to stress 3. Transactional Model (BEST) - regards the stress process as a transaction between the environment and the person	2
1596404555	What is the weakness of the stimulus based model?	Weakness: treats the person as a passive respondent to a stress event, with no contribution to the event or outcome ("external locus of control")	3
1596404556	What is the weakness of the response based model?	Weakness: Mainly concerned with dealing with the symptoms of stress, without trying to alter the response (stress interpreted as "bad")	4
1596404557	What is the strength of the transactional model?	Strength: Allows for modification of the perception and responses to stress - Situation can be perceived in different ways - Coping can be planned / rehearsed - Support can be provided at an appropriate level	5
1596404558	What is the stress performance curve?	We all experience stress We may become distressed If we are distressed for long, function may become impaired	6
1596404559	How do external and internal stresses?		7
1596404560	What is the continuum of stressors	Stresses are on a continuum	8
1596404561	What are the acute physiological changes in the stress response?	Arousal of Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS), and the Hypothalamic/Pituitary/Adrenal (HPA) axis Heightened cardiovascular, respiratory, skeletal muscle function ("fear, fight and flight") Changes in blood flow to skin and digestive tract, decreased skeletal muscle tone Decrease in immune responses	9
1596404562	What are the chronic physiological changes in the stress response?	Accelerated atherosclerosis Metabolic syndrome (diabetes, hypertension, central obesity) Bone demineralisation Concept of "Allostatic Load" = chronic wear and tear on the body	10
1596404563	What are the psychological changes?	Increased alertness Narrowed attention Strong negative emotions - anxious, vulnerable, helpless, irritable Poor problem-solving/task performance Decreased ability to relate socially	11
1596404564	What are the CV and immune effects of chronic stress?	Cardiovascular system, e.g. ischaemia or arterial occlusion heart attacks arrhythmias Immune system, e.g. infectious disease cancer progression (angiogenesis 'up-regulation')	12
1596404565	What are the effects of chronic stress on the brain?	Atrophy of : 1. Hippocampus (responsible for learning and memory) 2. Prefrontal cortex (responsible for working memory and executive function) dysfunction in e.g. Alzheimers Hypertrophy of: Amygdala (mediates the fear response) Psychoneuroimmunology and Psychoneuroendocrinology via neurotransmitter and endocrine pathways	13
1596404566	What is tend-and-befriend (compared to flight-or-fight)?	although fight-or-flight may characterise the primary physiological responses to stress... behaviourally, females' responses are more marked by a pattern of 'tend-and-befriend'	14
1596404567	What is burnout?	A syndrome reported frequently among those who work at an intense level with others, including health professionals Key features of burnout include: - increased feelings of emotional exhaustion - depersonalisation - feelings of reduced personal accomplishment "Burnout" is a good proxy for "distress"	15
1596404568	What are the effects of burnout?	Anxiety and depression (psychological morbidity)	16
1596404569	What are 2 key coping strategies?	1. Problem-focused coping (reduce stressor intensity) e.g. seeking information, avoiding, taking direct action) 2. Response-focused coping (manage emotional and physical component of stress response) e.g. humour, detachment, fatalism, acceptance, fantasy, physical and psychological "fitness" 1+2 = Resilience	17
1596404570	What are the defensive copying styles (can be adaptive or maladaptive)?	1. Adaptive e.g. cognitive reframing humour, acceptance 2. Less Adaptive e.g. rationalisation, withdrawal 3. Maladaptive e.g. projective identification 4. Pathological e.g. delusional beliefs	18
1596404571	What are the BASICs of coping?	Body Affect Social Intellect Cosmos	19
1596404572	Body strategies?	Nutrition - avoid dehydration, minimise toxins Exercise Rest - sleep is not a luxury Recreation - "rest for mind and spirit" Good Medical Care Boundaries and Balance	20
1596404573	Affect strategies?	Mood Attitudinal and Emotional Health "Emotional Intelligence" - self awareness - ability to manage emotions positively - empathy - delayed gratification, but not indefinitely! Dealing with negative emotions "Mindfulness"	21
1596404574	What is mindfulness?	Mindfulness is all about learning to direct our attention to our experience as it unfolds, moment by moment, with open-minded curiosity and acceptance. Rather than worrying about what has happened or might happen, it trains us to respond skilfully to whatever is happening right now, be that good or bad.	22
1596404575	Social strategies?	Pay attention to your loved ones "In and through community lies the salvation of the world" (MS Peck) Trust and take risks Give and receive feedback Support each other Experience love and intimacy	23
1596404576	Intellect strategies?	Hobbies Current events Reading Intellectual Health allows you to re-evaluate your worldview, belief systems, ethical and moral standards, ideals and expectations Deal with feelings of entitlement	24
1596404577	Cosmos strategies?	A personal sense of meaning and purpose Spiritual Health It is easy to lose perspective in the rigours of daily medical practice We need to keep the ability to experience awe, wonder and surprise	25
1596404578	What are the signs of "distress"?	Depression (and anger) Burnout Changes in behaviour e.g. drinking more, taking risks Relationship problems (family, patients, staff) Financial problems Withdrawal	26
1596404579	What are the 4 things that build resilience?	1) attitudes and perspectives, including maintaining interest, developing self-awareness, and accepting personal limitations 2) balance and prioritization, including setting limits, effective approaches to continuing professional development, and honouring the self 3) management style, which includes sound business management, good staff, and effective time allocation 4) supportive relations, including positive personal relationships, effective professional relationships, and good communication.	27

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Health Psych 13 Stress & Disease/15 Mgmt Stress Pain Flashcards

Stress and Disease
Management of Pain and stress.

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1034204393	Endocrine System		0
1034204394	Sensory Neurons are Afferent or Efferent	Afferent	1
1034204395	Motor Neurons or Afferent or Efferent	Efferent	2
1034204396	Sympathetic NS	prepares body to respond to emergencies Reacts to stress Mobilization of energy	3
1034204397	Parasympathetic NS	antagonist to SNS Restores nl state	4
1034204398	Constricts eyes slows HR Churns stomach digest food Empty fluids erect	parasympathetic NS	5
1034204399	opens pupils reduces secretions opens lungs speeds heart rate interrupts churn inhibits emptying of bladder no erect/excite promotes orgasm secretes adrenaline	Sympathetic NS	6
1037674799	neurotransmitters	regulate NS function	7
1037674800	catecholamine	Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Increased release during stress	8
1037674801	Acetyl Choline	promote PNS	9
1037674802	Epilepsy	2.5 mil US Sx: sz No cure Causes Idopathic injury infx disease metabolic/nutrition disorder genetic d/o	10
1037674803	cerebral palsy	765 K sx: lack muscle control chronic/ not progressive Cause: brain damage by accident or abuse	11
1037674804	Parkinson's	Progressive/degenerative of basal ganglia Sx: tremors, rigidity, slow movement Usually affects >50 y/o Mena > women Cause depletion of catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine	12
1037674805	Basal Ganglia	embedded in cerebellum helps with muscle contractions, smooth, orderly, purposeful	13
1037674806	MS	400K in US degenerative brain tissue Sx: paralysis , blindness, numbness, double vision, drag feet, no bowel control , can have remission Cause: degenerative of myelin , autoimmune	14
1037674807	Huntington's	1:10,000 Chronic mental and physical deterioration Sx: involuntary muscle spasms, loss of motor abilities, personality changes Cause: genetic	15
1037674808	poliomyelitis	Sx: paralysis Cause: viral, destroy bodies of motor neurons, periphery can not contact brain Vaccinations decreased occurrence	16
1037674809	paraplegia & quadriplegia	para = LE Quad = UE/LE Cause: severance of spine para : Lower SC Quad: Upper SC	17
1037674810	Endocrine Sys	ductless glands -> hormones to blood Governs slow acting, long duration response regulated by hypothalamus and pituitary gland	18
1037674811	Pituitary Gland	Nicknamed the "master gland". Attached to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum. Releases tropic hormones from the anterior/adenohypophysis such as STH/GH, ACTH, TSH, FSH, and LH as well as oxytocin, and ADH from the posterior/neurohypophysis.	19
1037674812	Thyroid Controls	metabolic rate	20
1037674813	Adrenal effects	salt, carb, arousal, sleep	21
1037674814	pancreases effect	insulin, glucagon	22
1037674815	Gonads effect	Secondary sex characteristics, reproduction	23
1037674816	Anterior pituitary	Growth Hormone Somatotrophic STH Gonadotrophic thyrotrophic (TSH) adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH)	24
1037674817	Posterior Pituitary	Oxytocin Vasopresin/ADH	25
1037674818	People under more stress	-Reported less sleep -Were less likely to eat breakfast -Reported using more alcohol -Reported using more recreational drugs	26
1040457115	Sympathetic-adrenomedullary system (SAM)	•Cannon's "Fight-or-Flight" Response •stimulates - medulla of the adrenal glands to secrete catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) • Effects: blood pressure and heart rate increase, constriction of peripheral blood vessels, increased sweating	27
1040457116	HPA Axis	Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome • releases -Corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), stimulating pituitary to release ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) • ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids, especially cortisol	28
1040457117	Leukemia	-Cancer of the bone marrow -Excessive WBCs → ↓RBCs in plasma → anemia	29
1040457118	Leukopenia	-Deficiency of WBCs -Result of diseases such as tuberculosis, measles, & viral pneumonia	30
1040457119	Leukocytosis	-Excessive number of WBCs -Response to infections like leukemia, appendicitis, mononucleosis	31
1040457120	B-Cells creates	Plasma cells -> Antibodies	32
1040457121	T-Cells creates	Immune regulation response (intensity/suspense) Lyse cells	33
1040457122	Adaptive Immunity B Cells	Humoral-mediated immunity Protect against bacteria Prevent viral re-infection	34
1040457123	Adaptive Immunity T- Cells	Cell-mediated immunity TC cells respond to specific antigens TH cells enhance the functioning of other white blood cells Ts cells regulate the immune response; suppress response	35
1040457124	Autoimmune disorders	-a specific humoral or cell-mediated immune response that attacks the body's own tissues. -Women more likely to be affected •Examples -Certain forms of arthritis -Multiple sclerosis -Lupus erythematosis	36
1040457125	Psychoneuroimmunology	•Multidisciplinary field •Focuses on interactions among -Behavior -Nervous system -Endocrine system -Immune system •First studies focused on generalization and classical conditioning of the immune system -Artificial flowers; cyclosporine & saccharine	37
1040457126	Immunocompetence	The degree to which the immune system functions effectively	38
1040457127	Measuring Immunocompetence	Three general indicators 1. Measuring numbers of different cells in the immune system by looking at blood samples • Example: Counting T, B, NK cells in the blood 2. Assessing the functioning of immune cells • Activation, proliferation, transformation, and cytotoxicity of cells 3. Measure antibody titres •Reactivation of latent viruses & vaccination	39
1040457128	SNS	Stress response on Immunity Acute effects of increasing immune cell numbers and NK cell activity	40
1040457129	HPA & Cortisol release	Stress response on Immunity:HPA & cortisol release • Reduces the number of WBCs •Reduces functioning and release of cytokines •Trigger apoptosis of WBCs	41
1040457130	Cerebral cortex	Stress response on Immunity • Down regulates immune system possibly through neuropeptides like beta-endorphins	42
1040457131	Long Term Stress Effects	Decreases in cell-mediated immunity •Elevated cortisol levels •Lowered heart rate variability •Elevated epinephrine levels •High waist-to-hip ratio •Decreased hippocampal volume •Memory problems (associated with hippocampus) •Elevated plasma fibrinogen (made by liver & helps clotting) •Elevated blood pressure	43
1040457132	Reactivity	Degree of change in •Autonomic •Neuroendocrine •Immune responses -As a result of stress	44
1040480609	Allostasis	Body's physiological systems fluctuate to meet stressful demands	45
1040480610	Allostatic load	-Physiological costs of chronic exposure to fluctuating neural/neuroendocrine responses from repeated/chronic stress	46
1040480611	Diathesis-stress model	-If a person has a pre-existing vulnerability (physical or psychological), then stress may interact with it to cause illness	47
1040480612	Tapp and Natelson Study of Hamsters	-Hamsters had inherited heart diseases -Stress early in the disease process: no heart failure -Stress later in the disease process: precipitated heart failure	48
1040480613	Three Mile Island nuclear accident	-Lower levels of saliva IgA -Lower percentages of B cells, total T cells, and TH cells -Lower levels of natural killer cells -High antibody titres to several viruses	49
1040480614	Perceived Self-Efficacy	-reduces the experience of stress -reduced development of depression in response to stressful events -may create expectancy-based CNS modulation of immunological reactivity	50
1040523013	Surgical Control of Pain	Cutting pain fibers at various points so pain sensations cant be conducted. - effects short-lived, use different pathways - can worsen problem - last resort	51
1040523014	Counterirritation	-Inhibiting pain in one part of the body by stimulating or mildly irritating another area -Example: Scratching a part of the body near the part that hurts	52
1040523015	Dorsal Column Stimulation	-Electrodes near the nerve fibers from the painful area deliver a mild electrical stimulus, thus inhibiting pain -Short-lived, temporary relief	53
1040523016	Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)	-Electrodes attach to the skin and provide electrical stimulation -Less effective	54
1040523017	Distraction	•Attention is redirected in order to reduce pain -Effective for acute pain and low-level pain	55
1040523018	Hypnosis	An old and misunderstood technique •successfully controlled - Anxiety -Irritable bowel syndrome -Acute pain due to surgery, childbirth, dental procedures, burns, headaches -Pain due to laboratory procedures -Chronic pain, such as pain due to cancer	56
1040523019	Behavioral Management	Shape behavior using operant conditioning •Secondary gains such as compensation, attention, and sympathy are positive reinforcers that promote chronic pain -Identify these reinforcers -Train people to reward and reinforce more desirable behaviors and -To withdraw reinforcement for less desirable behaviors •Benefits: increase physical activity & decrease medication use	57
1040523020	Cognitive Therapy	Based on the principle that people's beliefs, personal standards, and feelings of self-efficacy strongly affect behavior -Focus on changing cognitions or thoughts -Identify and attack irrational beliefs	58
1040523021	Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)	Aims to develop beliefs, attitudes, thoughts and skills to make positive changes in behavior	59
1040523022	Stress Inoculation Program	- conceptualize - skill acquisition and rehearsal stage -application and follow through	60
1040523023	Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (CAT)	Increase acceptance of pain Focus attention on other goals and activitites	61
1040523024	Catharsis	verbal expression of emotions	62
1040523025	Pain management programs	Multi-modal approach Assessment of the pain Functional status - how is life impaired coping style - emotional and mental	63
1040523026	Individual Treatment	Treatment is structured and time limited Treatment has concrete aims, rules, endpoints Patient has specific goal to attain	64
1040523027	Component of Pain Management Program	Patient education - info and mgmt Training - relax/exercise/stretch Group Therapy - control emotional response Target Maladaptive cognitions - response to chronic	65

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Behavioral - Block2 - Psych Disorders Childhood Onset Flashcards

To understand the difference between a "normal " problem and an "abnormal" problem in childhood.
To be able to list the symptoms of the psychiatric disorders that originate in childhood.
To understand the differential diagnosis between the disorders that arise in childhood.

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307204099	Disorders defined by persistently problematic thoughts, feelings and actions	Psychological disorder	0
307204100	Psychological disorders fit into four categories	Deviance - unusualness Distress - upsetting Dysfunction - interferes with life Danger - risk of harm	1
307204101	Psychological disorders are formed by	Bilogical, Psychological and Social/Cultural influences	2
307204102	Axis 1 psychological disorder is	presence of a clinical syndrome (ex. anxiety, depression, mood disorder)	3
307204103	Axis 2 psychological disorder is	Personality disorder or retardation	4
307204104	Axis 3 psychological disorder is	General medical condition (ex. diabetes, hypertension, arthritis)	5
307204105	Axis 4 psychological disorder is	Psychosocial and Environmental problems	6
307204106	Axis 5 psychological disorder is	Global assessment of persons functioning	7
307204107	Pediatric screenings	Genetic and metabolic errors Hearing Vision Development Mental Health	8
307204108	Pediatric screening system - ages birth to 5	Ages and Stages Questionnaire	9
307204109	Pediatric screen system - ages birth to 8	Parents Evaluation of Develpment Status	10
307204110	Pediatric screening system - ages 11 and up	Pediatric Symptom Checklist	11
307204111	Two most common causes of mental retardation in US	Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Down Syndrome	12
307204112	70-55IQ 55-40 40-25 25 and below	Mild Moderate Severe Profound Mental Retardation	13
307204113	Normal ranges of IQs		14
307221438	Capabilities of mildly retarded (55-70)	Language and social skills Good motor development Academic achievement <6th grade in adolescence Self supporting	15
307221439	Capabilities of moderately retarded (40-55)	Talking/Signing Motor development Self-help skills Academic achievement to 2nd grade	16
307221440	Capabilities of severely retarded (25-40)	No academic achievement Few words and gestures Poor expressive skills Poor social skills Controlled environment needed	17
307221441	Capabilities of a profoundly retarded (<24)	Minimal sensorimotor capability Indicates needs with sounds or body movement Dependent on nursing care and constant supervisioin	18
307221442	Ptient test score is significantly below the expected score for age, IQ and education	Learning Disorder	19
307221443	Four types of learning disorders	Reading Mathematics Writing Non-verbal	20
307221444	Motor co-ordination difficulty interferes Normal IQ No general medical conditions No pervasive developmental disorders (ex. autism)	Developmental Coordination Disorder	21
307221445	How old must a child be to receive a DCD Dx	atelast 4 years	22
307221446	Common neurological conditions that may appear like DCD	cerebral palsy muscular dystrophy intracranial malignancy epilepsy	23
307221447	Poor motor coordination and social isolation are also symptoms of	Visual abnormalities and Pervasive developmental disorders	24
307221448	During questioning for a DCD, include what questions	Presence of: Developmental regression Loss of sensation Bladder/bowel control loss Abnormal movement Headache Vomiting Seizures Collapse	25
307266024	Variations of expressive language disorders	Expressive language disorders Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder Phonological disorder Stuttering	26
307266025	Poor ability to express self via language	Expressive language disorder (be sure to check hearing)	27
307266026	Poor ability to understand and express language	Mixed receptive-expressive langugae disorder	28
307266027	Failure to use developmentally expected speech sounds appropriate for age and dialect	Phonological disorder	29
307266028	Subtypes of Attention defecit hyperactivity disorder	Predominantly inattentive Predominantly hyperactive- impulsive type Combined type	30
307266029	DSM criteria for ADHD	6 signs of hyperactivity or inattention 6 months of maladaptive behavior not consistent with developmental norms Symptoms must appear prior to age 7 Symptoms appear in atleast two settings Functioning must be clearly impaired	31
307266030	Fails to give close attention, careless mistakes Difficulty sustaining attention to tasks or play Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly Does not finish work or follow through on instructions Has trouble organizing Avoids, dislikes or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require attention Loses necessary things Is easily distracted by outside things Is forgetful in daily activity	Symptoms of inattention	32
307266031	fidgets or squirms leaves seat when supposed to be seated runs or climbs excessively at inappropriate times has trouble with quiet activities or play is often "on the go" as if "driven by a motor" often talks excessively	Symptoms of hyperactivity	33
307266032	Blurts out answers before questions are completed Has difficulty awaiting turn Interrupts or intrudes on others	Symptoms of impulsivity	34
307266033	Age of remission for ADHD	12-20 20% continue to adulthood	35
307266034	Advice for handling ADHD children	Behavior modification techniques Remove penalties and punishment and implement reward system Special allowances as required by ADA	36
310214689	DIsruptive behavior disorders	Oppositional defiant disorder Conduct disorder	37
310214690	Types of conduct disorders	Child onset types Adolescent type Unspecified type	38
310214691	Criteria for oppositional defiant disorder	6 months negative hostile Not functioning in school or socially 4 additional criteria	39
310214692	6 months negative and hostile Not functioning in school or socially 4 of the following = Oppositional Defiant Disorder	loses temper argues with adults refuses rules deliberately annoys blames others for own mistakes easily annoyed spiteful and vindictive	40
310214693	Underlying conditions that lead to Oppositional Defiant Disorder	One parent depressed (mother normally) Martial discord Substnaceabuse by caregiver (negligence)	41
310214694	Essential components of Tx for Oppositional Defiant Disorder	Help caregiver and child Responds well to loving and safe environment	42
310214695	Criteria for Conduct Disorder	Behavior that violates rights of others, rules and norms over 12 months Impaired in school and social 3 of following	43
310214696	Violating rights of others, rules and norms over 12 months Impaired in school and socially 3 of following	Aggression to people and animals bullies and threatens starts fights uses weapon cruel to people stolen while confronting victim forced sexual activity	44
310214697	Child Conduct Disorder may develop into	Adult Antisocial Personality Disorder	45
310214698	Tx for child Conduct DIsorders	Management Special schooling and settings	46
310214699	Shy, quiet loners, who don't participate much	The forgotten group	47
310214700	"The forgotten group" kids typically struggle with	Anxiety Depression	48
310214701	Deficit in using language to communicate --> imparied social interaction, communication, repetitive behaviors	Autistic	49
310214702	5 months onset --> decelerated head growth, loss of hand skills	Rett	50
310214703	2-10yrs onset --> loss of acquired skills in 2 areas of normal functioning	Childhood Disintegrative Disorder	51
310214704	Impaired social interactions and communication w/o significant delay in language or cognitive development	Aspberger's	52
310214705	Autism usually comes along with	Digestive problems Seizures Sleep problems Persistent preoccupation	53
310214706	Age of onset for Autism	Prior to age 3	54
310214707	M-CHAT does what	Identifies children at risk for Autism	55
310214708	Vital components of checklist for toddlers with Autism	Child prefers to pretend alone Child uses index finger to point instead of speak Does child look at object when called attention Child instantly uses tea pot and cup Does child point at object when asked to show it to parent	56
310278110	Children with Aspergers often display	Nonverbal behavior Inappropriate peer relationships Seek to share enjoyment Lack of social or emotional reciprocity Intensity of focus on interest Inflexibility to routine Sterotypes mannerisms NO delay in languga NO delay in cognitive development	57
310278111	Social, verbal, and cognitive disorders that are lost in Childhood Disintegrative Disorder	Language Social Skills Adaptive Behavior Bowel or bladder control Play Motor skills Social interactioin Communication Patterns of behavior Interests and activities Motor stereotypes	58
310278112	Mutations in what gene cause Rett Synd	MECP2 --> gene promotor it appears	59
310278113	Persistent eating of non-nutritive substances	Pica	60
310278114	Repeated regurgitation and rechewing	Rumination disorder	61
310278115	Failure to eat adequately in infancy or early childhood	Feeding disorder	62
310278116	Vocal tics, mutliple motor tics	Tourette's disorder	63
310278117	Motor or vocal tics occuring many times daily	Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder	64
310278118	12 months of vocal or motor tics	Transient Tic disorder	65
310278119	Repeatedly passing feces in inappropriate places	Encopresis	66
310278120	Repeated voiding of urine into bed or clothes	Enuresis	67
310278121	Failure to speak in selective enironments	Selective mutism	68
310278122	Pathogenic care by caregiver --> disturbed social relations or diffuse attachments	Reactive attachment disorder	69
310278123	Child approaches and cuddles up indiscriminantly	Disinhibited type reactive attachment disorder	70
310278124	Child is withdrawn and unresponsive	Inhibited type reactive attachment disorder	71
310278125	Repetitive driven, non-functional motor behaviors	Stereotypic movement disorder	72
310278126	Inapproprite/excessive anxiety concerning separation Nighmares of same Complains of physcial symptoms in anticipation of same	Separation anxiety disorder	73
310278127	Chart of age of onset		74

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