Ploog - AP World History Terms - Unit 4 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 381120045 | Constitutional Convention | when elected representatives got together to write the Constitution | 0 | |
| 381120046 | Estates General | France's Traditional national assembly with representatives from each of the three estates (the clergy, nobility, or commoners) | 1 | |
| 381120047 | National Assembly | French Revolutionary assembly. Demanded radical change. Passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man. | 2 | |
| 381120048 | Jacobins | Radical republicans during the French Revolution that was lead by Robespierre | 3 | |
| 381120049 | Congress of Vienna | meeting of European monarch to reestablish the old order after the Napoleon I was defeated | 4 | |
| 386834768 | Agricultural Revolution | new crops; improvements in cultivation techniques in livestock breeding; consolidated small farms into bigger ones for more efficiency | 5 | |
| 386834769 | Mass Production | the production of many identical products. The production process is comprised of small repetitive tasks. | 6 | |
| 386834770 | Division of Labor | a manufacturing technique that breaks the process into many small, repetitive tasks | 7 | |
| 386834771 | Laissez Faire | the idea that the government should refrain from interfering with economic affairs. | 8 | |
| 386834772 | Utopian Socialism | a philosophy introduced by the French Charles Fourier. He wanted to build self-sustaining communities whose inhabitants would work cooperatively. | 9 | |
| 386834773 | Business Cycles | recurrent swings in the economy between good times and bad times | 10 | |
| 386834774 | mechanization | the application of machinery to tasks or the manufacturing process | 11 | |
| 386834775 | Simon Bolivar | the most important leader for the South American independence movements | 12 | |
| 386834776 | Personalist Leaders | political leaders that rely on charisma to rally popular support | 13 | |
| 386834777 | Caste War | a rebellion of the Mayan people against the government of Mexico in 1847 | 14 | |
| 386834778 | Acculturation | the adoption of the language, customs, values, and behaviors of host nations by immigrants | 15 | |
| 386834779 | Benito Juarez | the president of Mexico that led the resistance against the French invasion in 1863; lawyer | 16 | |
| 386834780 | Women's Rights Convention | a group of women that met in Seneca Falls in 1848 that decided that women should have the right to vote; began women's rights movements | 17 | |
| 386834781 | Zulu | Africans of modern South Africa. King Shaka united them in 1818. A very powerful African tribe, but not as powerful as the Dutch Afrikaners. | 18 | |
| 386834782 | Muhammad Ali | he was the leader of Egypt in the early 1800s that wanted to modernize Egypt. Started the Suez Canal project | 19 | |
| 386834783 | New Imperialism | a wave of conquests by Europe, the United States, and japan in the late 1800s-early 1900s | 20 | |
| 386834784 | Sepoy Rebellion | this was a revolt of Indian soldiers in 1857 because they were mad about some of the practices they were forced to do because it violated their religious beliefs | 21 | |
| 386834785 | Raj | British rule in India | 22 | |
| 386834786 | Indian National Congress | this group demanded more Indian participation in the government. It's members were in the middle class and it appealed to the poor. | 23 | |
| 386834787 | Clipper Ships | these were large, fast moving sailing vessels that were often American built. Vast canvas sails hung from the masts. | 24 | |
| 386834788 | Sokoto Caliphate | a large Muslim state founded in 1809 in modern-day northern Nigeria | 25 | |
| 386834789 | Janissaries | Christian soldiers who were forced to serve for the Ottomans. They opposed the Ottoman reforms, so they caused military uprisings. | 26 | |
| 386834790 | Crimean War | Ottomans vs. Russians. It was fought on the ~ Peninsula. Britain and France helped the Ottomans to prevent the Russians from expanding any further. | 27 | |
| 386834791 | Young Ottomans | these were young intellectuals that wanted liberal reforms in the 1850s-1900s | 28 | |
| 386834792 | Pan-Slavism | Russian intellectuals that wanted to identify culturally and politically with all of the Slavic peoples, regardless of which country they were in | 29 | |
| 386834793 | Decemberist Revolt | this occured after Tsar Alexander died and a variety of people wanted to take over. | 30 | |
| 386834794 | Opium War | Britain vs. Qing Empire. Qing didn't want British to send Opium to their empire. They set up a naval blockade, but the British Navy destroyed them. The Treaty of Nanking opened more ports to British trade, and it gave the British "most-favored-nation" status. | 31 | |
| 386834795 | Bannermen | hereditary military servants of the Qing Empire, in large part descendants of peoples of various origins who had fought for the founders of the empire. | 32 | |
| 386834796 | Taiping Rebellion | bloodiest civil war of all time during the Qing Empire | 33 | |
| 386834797 | Victorian Age | name for the Reign of Queen Victoria with strict moral standards and specific gender roles | 34 | |
| 386834798 | Labor Unions | a group of workers with similar jobs that get together to protect a common interest | 35 | |
| 386834799 | Karl Marx | German journalist/philosopher who founded socialism. He wrote "The Communist Manifesto" and "Das Kapital" | 36 | |
| 386834800 | Otto von Bismark | a chancellor of Prussia that beat Austria and France to create the German Empire in 1871. | 37 | |
| 386834801 | Meiji Restoration | followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate. Young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism | 38 | |
| 386834802 | Berlin Conference | Otto von Bismark called this meeting to set the rules of colonization of Africa in 1884-1885 | 39 | |
| 386834803 | Afrikaners | South Africans of Dutch and French descent that ruled the black majority and established the Apartheid system. | 40 |
Set 5 249-259 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 381731750 | Triple Alliance | An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in the years before WWI. | 0 | |
| 381731751 | Archduke Franz Ferdinand | Archduke of Austria Hungary assassinated by a Serbian in 1914. His murder was one of the causes of WW I. | 1 | |
| 381731752 | Gavrilo Princip | Member of a terrorist organization called The Black Hand. Murdered Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife. Wanted to set Bosnia free from Austria-Hungary. | 2 | |
| 381731753 | Schlieffen Plan | Germany's military plan at the outbreak of World War I, in which German troops would rapidly defeat France and then move east to attack Russia. | 3 | |
| 381731754 | Central Powers | World War I alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire | 4 | |
| 381731755 | Isolationism | a national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs | 5 | |
| 381731756 | Zimmerman Telegram | Telegram sent by Germans to encourage a Mexican attack against the United States. Intercepted by the US in 1917. | 6 | |
| 381731757 | The Fourteen Points | a series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I. | 7 | |
| 381731758 | Soviets | a Russian council composed of representatives from the workers and soldiers. | 8 | |
| 381731759 | Red Army | Military organization constructed under leadership of Leon Trotsky, Bolshevik follower of Lenin; made use of people of humble background | 9 | |
| 381731760 | Great Depression | a severe, world wide economic crisis which lasted from the end of 1929 to the outbreak of World War II | 10 | |
| 381731761 | Fascism | A political philosophy that advocates a strong, centralized, nationalistic government headed by a powerful dictator | 11 | |
| 381731762 | Nazis | German political party joined by Adolf Hitler, emphasizing nationalism, racism, and war. When Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933, the Nazi Party became the only legal party and an instrument of Hitler's absolute rule. (786) | 12 | |
| 381731763 | Blitzkrieg | "Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland n 1939 | 13 | |
| 381731764 | Anit-Comintern Pact | Agreement between Germany and Japan to fight against Communism | 14 | |
| 381731765 | United Nations | International organization founded in 1945 to promote world peace and cooperation. It replaced the League of Nations. | 15 | |
| 381731766 | Truman Doctrine | President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology | 16 | |
| 381731767 | Containment | a policy of creating strategic alliances in order to check the expansion of a hostile power or ideology or to force it to negotiate pecefully | 17 |
Terms E Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 388078322 | economic imperialism | control of a country's economy by the businesses of another nation | 0 | |
| 388078323 | economic liberalism | the economic philosophy that government intervention in and regulation of the economy should be minimal | 1 | |
| 388078324 | Edict of Milan | a document that made Christianity one of the religions allowed in the Roman Empire | 2 | |
| 388078325 | empirical research | research based on the collection of data | 3 | |
| 388078326 | enclosure movement | the fencing of pasture land in England beginning prior to the Industrial Revolution | 4 | |
| 388078327 | encomienda | a practice in the Spanish colonies that granted land and the labor of Native Americans on that land to European colonists | 5 | |
| 388078328 | Enlightenment | a philosophical movement in 18th century Europe that was based on reason and the concept that education and training could improve humankind and society | 6 | |
| 388078329 | entrepreneurship | the ability to combine the factors of land, labor, and capital to create factory production | 7 | |
| 388078330 | estates | the divisions of society in prerevolutionary France | 8 | |
| 388078331 | Estates-General | the traditional legislative body of France | 9 | |
| 388078332 | euro | the standard currency introduced and adopted by the majority of members of the European Union in January 2002 | 10 | |
| 388078333 | European Union | an organization designed to reduce trade barriers and promote economic unity in Europe; it was formed in 1993 to replace the European Community | 11 | |
| 388078334 | evangelical | pertaining to preaching the Gospel (the good news) or pertaining to theologically conservative Christians | 12 | |
| 388078335 | excommunication | the practice of the Roman Catholic and other Christian churches of prohibiting participation in the sacraments to those who do not comply with church teachings or practices | 13 | |
| 388078336 | extraterritoriality | the right of foreigners to live under the laws of their home country rather than those of the host country | 14 |
Flashcards
Flashcards
AP World 31-35 final exam terms Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 374145038 | Tojo Hideki | Japanese general who dominated internal politics from the mid-1930s;.gave the military dominance over civilian cabinets | 0 | |
| 374145039 | Singapore | part of the British colony of Malaya with a mostly Chinese population; after World War II emerged as a flourishing, independent city-state | 1 | |
| 374145040 | Republic of Korea | southern half of Korea occupied by the United States after World War II; developed parliamentary institutions under authoritarian rulers; underwent major industrial and economic growth after the 1950s | 2 | |
| 374145041 | Democratic People's Republic of Korea | northern half of Korea dominated by USSR after Word War II; formed a communist dictatorship under Kim Il-Song; attacked South Korea to begin the Korean War | 3 | |
| 374145042 | Korean War | fought between 1950 and 1953 between North Korea and its Soviet and Chinese allies and South Korea and United Nations' forces directed by the United States; ended in stalemate | 4 | |
| 374145043 | Taiwan | island off the Chinese mainland that became the refuge for Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomindang regime; maintained independence with United State support; rapidly industrialized after the 1950s | 5 | |
| 374145044 | Hong Kong | British colony in China; became a major commercial and industrial center; returned to China in 1997 | 6 | |
| 374145045 | Lee Kuan Yew | authoritarian ruler of Singapore for three decades from 1959; presided over major economic development | 7 | |
| 374145046 | Korekiyo Takahashi | Japanese minister of finance during the 1930s; increased government spending to stimulate the economy | 8 | |
| 374145047 | Lee Kuan Yew | authoritarian ruler of Singapore for three decades from 1959; presided over major economic development | 9 | |
| 374145048 | Korekiyo Takahashi | Japanese minister of finance during the 1930s; increased government spending to stimulate the economy | 10 | |
| 374145049 | Francisco Madero | moderate democratic Mexican reformer; challenged Porfiío Díaz in 1910 and initiated a revolution after losing fraudulent elections; assassinated in 1913 | 11 | |
| 374145050 | Pancho Villa | Mexican revolutionary leader in northern Mexico after 1910 | 12 | |
| 374145051 | Emiliano Zapata | Mexican revolutionary commander of a guerrilla movement centered at Morelos; demanded sweeping land reform | 13 | |
| 374145052 | Alvaro Obregón | became leader of Mexican government in 1915; elected president in 1920 | 14 | |
| 374145053 | Mexican Constitution of 1917 | promised land and educational reform, limited foreign ownership, guaranteed rights for workers, and restricted clerical education and property ownership | 15 | |
| 374145054 | Lázaro Cárdenas | Mexican president (1934-1940); responsible for large land redistribution to create communal farms; also began program of primary and rural education | 16 | |
| 374145055 | Cristeros | conservative peasant movement in Mexico during the 1920s; a reaction against secularism | 17 | |
| 374145056 | Party of Institutionalized Revolution (PRI) | inclusive Mexican political party developing from the 1920s; ruled for the rest of the 20th century | 18 | |
| 374145057 | Victor Raul Haya de la Torre | Peruvian politician; created the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance in 1924; gained power in 1985 | 19 | |
| 374145058 | Getúlio Vargas | became president of Brazil following a contested election of 1929; led an authoritarian state until deposed in 1945; became president again in 1950 | 20 | |
| 374145059 | Juan Perón | dominant authoritarian and populist leader in Argentina from the mid-1940s; driven into exile in 1955; returned and elected president in 1973; died in 1974 | 21 | |
| 374145060 | Eva Duarte (Evita) | wife of Juan Perón; the regime's spokesperson among the lower social classes | 22 | |
| 374145061 | Juan José Arevalo | reformist president of Guatemala elected in 1944; his programs led to conflict with foreign interests | 23 | |
| 374145062 | United Fruit Company | most important foreign company in Guatemala; 1993 nationalization effort of some of its land holdings caused a U.S. reaction | 24 | |
| 374145063 | Fulgencio Batista | authoritarian ruler of Cuba (1934-1944) | 25 | |
| 374145064 | Fidel Castro | revolutionary leader who replaced Batista in 1958; reformed Cuban society with socialist measures; supported economically and politically by the Soviet Union until its collapse | 26 | |
| 374145065 | Liberation Theology | combination of Roman Catholic and socialist principles aiming to improve the lives of the poor | 27 | |
| 374145066 | Salvado Allende | Chilean socialist president; overthrown by a military coup in 1973 | 28 | |
| 374145067 | Good Neighbor Policy | introduced by U.S. president Franklin Roosevelt in 1933 to deal fairly, without intervention, with Latin American states | 29 | |
| 374145068 | Indian National Congress | political party that grew from regional associations of Western-educated Indians in 1885; dominated by elites; was the principal party throughout the colonial period and after independence | 30 | |
| 374145069 | B.G. Tilak | first populist leader in India; believed that Indian nationalism should be grounded in the Hindu majority | 31 | |
| 374145070 | Moreley-Minto Reforms (1909) | provided Indians with expanded opportunities to elect and serve on local and national legislative councils | 32 | |
| 374145071 | effendi | prosperous business and professional urban Egyptian families; generally favored independence | 33 | |
| 374145072 | Dinshawi incident | 1906 fracas between British soldiers and Egyptian villagers that resulted in an accidental Egyptian death; Egyptian protest led to harsh repression which stimulated nationalist sentiment | 34 | |
| 374145073 | Montagu-Chelmsford reforms (1919) | increased national powers of Indian legislators and placed provincial administrations under ministries controlled by Indian-elected legislatures | 35 | |
| 374145074 | Rowlatt Act (1919) | placed severe restrictions on Indian civil rights; undercut impact of the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms | 36 | |
| 374145075 | M.K. Gandhi | Western-educated Indian lawyer and nationalist politician with many attributes of an Indian holy man; stressed nonviolent tactics and headed the movement for Indian independence | 37 | |
| 374145076 | satyagraha | literally means "truth force"; Gandhi's policy of nonviolent opposition to British rule | 38 | |
| 374145077 | Muslim League | founded in 1906 to support demands of the Muslim peoples of India against the Hindu majority; gained separate electorates and legislative seats; divided the Indian nationalist movement | 39 | |
| 374145078 | Government of India Act (1935) | the British retained control of the central administration and turned over provincial governments to Indians chosen by an expanded electorate | 40 | |
| 374145079 | mandates | governments entrusted to victorious European World War I nations over the colonies of the defeated powers | 41 | |
| 374145080 | Zionism | Eastern European movement of the 1860s and 1870s that argued that Jews return to their Holy Land; eventually identified with settlement in Palestine | 42 | |
| 374145081 | Theodor Hertzl | Austrian Zionist; formed World Zionist Organization in 1897; was indifferent to Arabs and promoted Jewish immigration into Palestine to form a Jewish state | 43 | |
| 374145082 | Wafd Party | Egyptian nationalist party founded after World War I; led by Sa'd Zaghlul; participated in the negotiations that led to limited Egyptian independence in 1922 | 44 | |
| 374145083 | W.E.B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey | Afro-American leaders with major impact on rising African nationalists | 45 | |
| 374145084 | Muhammad Ali Jinnah | Muslim Indian nationalist; leader of the Muslim League; worked for a separate Muslim state; first president of Pakistan | 46 | |
| 374145085 | Kwame Nkrumah | African nationalist responsible for forming the Convention Peoples Party in Ghana; leader of the 1st black African state to independence (1957) | 47 | |
| 374145086 | Land Freedom Army | African revolutionary movement for reform of Kenyan colonial system; began a conflict in 1952; called the Mau Mau by the British | 48 | |
| 374145087 | Jomo Kenyatta | leader of Kenyan African Union, a nonviolent nationalist party; became first president of independent Kenya in 1962 | 49 | |
| 374145088 | National Liberation Front (FLN) | Algerian nationalist movement that launched a guerrilla war during the 1950s; gained independence for Algeria in 1962 | 50 | |
| 374145089 | Afrikaner National Party | became the majority in the all-white South African legislature in 1948; worked to form the rigid system of racial segregation called apartheid | 51 | |
| 374145090 | Bangladesh | formerly East Pakistan; after a civil war became independent in 1972 | 52 | |
| 374145091 | Baharatya Janata Party (BIP) | Hindu communalist party winning power in India in 1997 | 53 | |
| 374145092 | Biafra | eastern Nigerian region inhabited mostly by the Ibo people; in 1967 attempted unsuccessfully to secede from Nigeria; defeated and reintegrated in 1970 | 54 | |
| 374145093 | Indira Gandhi, Corazon Aquino, and Benazir Bhutto | women who became leaders of new nations; usually connected to previously powerful men | 55 | |
| 374145094 | neocolonialism | continued dominance of new nations by their former rulers | 56 | |
| 374145095 | Green Revolution | agricultural revolution that increased production through improved seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation; helped to support rising Asian populations | 57 | |
| 374145096 | Kwame Nkrumah | Ghanian leader at independence; his efforts at reform ended with the creation of dictatorial rule | 58 | |
| 374145097 | Gamal Abdul Nasser | member of the Free Officers Movement that seized power in Egypt in a 1952 military coup; became leader of Egypt; formed a state-directed reforming regime; ousted Britain from the Suez Canal in 1956; most reforms were unsuccessful | 59 | |
| 374145098 | Muslim Brotherhood | Egyptian religious and nationalist movement founded by Hasan al-Banna in 1928; became an example for later fundamentalist movements in the Islamic world | 60 | |
| 374145099 | Anwar Sadat | successor of Nasser as Egypt's ruler; dismantled Nasser's costly and failed programs; signed peace with Israel in 1973 | 61 | |
| 374145100 | Jawaharlal Nehru | first leader of independent India; committed to programs of social reform, economic development, and preservation of civil liberties | 62 | |
| 374145101 | Ayatollah Khomeini | religious leader of Iran following the 1979 revolution; worked for fundamentalist Islamic religious reform and elimination of Western influences | 63 | |
| 374145102 | African National Congress (ANC) | South African political organization founded in 1912 to defend African interests; became the ruling political party after the 1994 elections | 64 | |
| 374145103 | Nelson Mandela | ANC leader imprisoned by Afrikaner regime; released in 1990 and elected as president of South Africa in 1994 | 65 | |
| 374145104 | Yuan Shikai | warlord in northern China after the fall of the Qing dynasty; president of China in 1912; hoped to become emperor but blocked in 1916 by Japanese intervention in China. | 66 | |
| 374145105 | Sun Yat-sen | head of the Revolutionary Alliance that led the 1911 revolt against the Qing; president of China in 1911, but yielded to Yuan Shikai in 1912; created the Guomindang in 1919; died in 1925 | 67 | |
| 374145106 | May 4th Movement | acceptance at Versailles of Japanese gains in China during World War I led to demonstrations and the beginning of a movement to create a liberal democracy | 68 | |
| 374145107 | Li Dazhao | Chinese Marxist intellectual; rejected traditional view and instead saw peasants as the vanguard of socialist revolution; influenced Mao Zedong | 69 | |
| 374145108 | Zhou Enlai | one of the most important Chinese leaders; died in 1976 | 70 | |
| 374145109 | Guomindang (National Party) | founded by Sun Yat-sen in 1919; main support from urban businesspeople and merchants; dominated by Chiang Kai-shek after 1925 | 71 | |
| 374145110 | Chiang Kai-shek | leader of the Guomindang from 1925; contested with the communists for control of China until defeated in 1949 | 72 | |
| 374145111 | Mao Zedong | Communist leader who advocated the role of the peasantry in revolution; led the communists to victory and ruled China from 1949 to 1976 | 73 | |
| 374145112 | Long March | Communist retreat from Hunan under Guomindang pressure in 1934; shifted center of Communist power to Shaanxi province | 74 | |
| 374145113 | Mass Line | economic policy of Mao Zedong inaugurated in 1955; led to formation of agricultural cooperatives that then became farming collectives in 1956; peasants lost land gained a few years earlier | 75 | |
| 374145114 | Great Leap Forward | economic policy of Mao Zedong introduced in 1958; proposed small-scale industrialization projects integrated into peasant communities; led to economic disaster and ended in 1960 | 76 | |
| 374145115 | Deng Xiaoping and Liu Shaoqui | pragmatists who, along with Zhou Enlai, opposed the Great Leap Forward; wanted to restore state direction and market incentives at the local level | 77 | |
| 374145116 | Jiang Qing | wife of Mao Zedong; one of the Gang of Four; opposed pragmatists and supported the Cultural Revolution; arrested and imprisoned for life in 1976 | 78 | |
| 374145117 | Cultural Revolution | initiated by Mao Zedong in 1965 to restore his dominance over the pragmatists; disgraced and even killed bureaucrats and intellectuals; called off in 1968 | 79 | |
| 374145118 | Red Guard | student brigades active during the Cultural Revolution in supporting Mao Zedong's policies | 80 | |
| 374145119 | Gang of Four | Jiang Qing and her allies who opposed the pragmatists after the death of Mao Zedong; arrested and sentenced to life in prison | 81 | |
| 374145120 | Minh Mang | second ruler of united Vietnam (1802-1841); emphasized Confucianism and persecuted Catholics | 82 | |
| 374145121 | Vietnamese Nationalist Party (VNQDD) | middle class revolutionary organization during the 1920s; committed to violent overthrow of French colonialism; crushed by the French | 83 | |
| 374145122 | Communist Party of Vietnam | the primary nationalist party after the defeat of the VNQDD in 1929; led from 1920s by Ho Chi Minh | 84 | |
| 374145123 | Ho Chi Minh (Nguyen Ai Quoc) | shifted to a revolution based on the peasantry in the 1930s; presided over the defeat of France in 1954 and the unsuccessful United States intervention in Vietnam | 85 | |
| 374145124 | Viet Minh | Communist Vietnamese movement; fought the Japanese during Word War II and the French afterward | 86 | |
| 374145125 | Vo Nguyen Giap | military commander of the Viet Minh and the victor at Dien Bien Phu in 1954 | 87 | |
| 374145126 | Dien Bien Phu | significant Viet Minh victory over the French that led to the end of the French effort to hold Vietnam | 88 | |
| 374145127 | Ngo Dinh Diem | became president of South Vietnam with United States support in the 1950s; overthrown by the military, with U.S. approval | 89 | |
| 374145128 | Viet Cong | the Communist guerrilla movement in southern Vietnam during the Vietnamese war | 90 |
AP World Chapter 26 Terms Flashcards
Mr. Brown AP World ECHHS
Terms : Hide Images
| 374521364 | Selim II | Ottoman sultan (1789-1807); attempted to improve administrative efficiency and build a new army and navy; assassinated by Janissaries | 0 | |
| 374521365 | Mahmud II | 19th Ottoman sultan who build a private, professional army; crushed the Janissaries and initiated reforms on Western precedents | 1 | |
| 374521366 | Tanzimat reforms | Western-style reforms within the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876; included a European-influenced constitution in 1876 | 2 | |
| 374521367 | Abdul Hamid | Ottoman sultan (1878-1908) who tried to return to despotic absolutism; nullified constitution and restricted civil liberties | 3 | |
| 374521368 | Young Turks | members of the Ottoman Society for Union and Progress; intellectuals and political agitators seeking the return of the 1876 constitution; gained power through a coup in 1908 | 4 | |
| 374521369 | Muhammad Ali | controlled Egypt by 1811; began a modernization process based on Western models but failed to greatly change Egypt; died in 1848 | 5 | |
| 374521370 | Ahmad Orabi | student of Muhammad Abduh; led a revolt in 1882 against the Egyptian government; forced the khedive to call in British aid | 6 | |
| 374521371 | Mahdi | Muhammad Achmad, the leader of a Sudanic Sufi brotherhood; began a holy war against the Egyptians and British and founded a state in the Sudan | 7 | |
| 374521372 | Nurhaci | united the Manchus in the early 17th century; defeated the Ming and established the Qing dynasty | 8 | |
| 374521373 | Taiping Rebellion | massive rebellion in southern China in the 1850s and 1960s led by Hong Xinquan; sought to overthrow the Qing dynasty and Confucianism | 9 | |
| 374521374 | Cixi | conservative dowager empress who dominated the last decades of the Qing dynasty | 10 | |
| 374521375 | Boxer Rebellion | popular outburst aimed at expelling foreigners from China; put down by intervention of the Western powers | 11 | |
| 374521376 | compradors | wealthy group of merchants under the Qing; specialized in the import-export trade on China's south coast | 12 | |
| 374521377 | Lin Zexu | 19th-century Chinese official charged during the 1830s with ending the opium trade in southern China; set off the events leading to the Opium War | 13 | |
| 374521378 | Opium War | fought between Britain and Qing China beginning in 1839 to protect the British trade in opium; British victory demonstrated Western superiority over China | 14 |
APWH Religions, Belief Systems, and Philosophies Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 370301878 | Judaism | 1 god started in Middle East 6000 years ago, spread thru family lines synagogue, Torah, rabbi Orthodox, Conservative, Reform Ten Commandments, no afterlife | 0 | |
| 370301879 | Christianity | 1 god, Jesus Messiah started in Middle East 2000 years ago as sect of Judaism, spread thru Med. world thru missionaries and Roman army and trade church, Bible, priest Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Protestant teachings of Jesus, heaven | 1 | |
| 370301880 | Islam | 1 god, prophets (Muhammad, Jesus) started in Middle East 1400 years ago, spread thru Med./Arab world thru missionaries, traders, conquest mosque, Koran, imam Sunni, Shia Five Pillars of Faith, God will reward w/heaven or punish | 2 | |
| 370301881 | Hinduism | no single founder, 6000 years ago Vedas, Upanishadas, Ramayana Brahma - supreme god caste system - reincarnation to reward/punish past behavior subservient women, sati | 3 | |
| 370301882 | Buddhism | 5th c BCE, founded by Siddhartha Gautama in India, spread along trade routes appealing bc opposed caste system and open to women women not separate from men | 4 | |
| 370301883 | Confucianism | 500 BCE, founded by Confucius Analects of Confucius deal w/morality, ethics, relationships, proper behavior by rulers built upon religious practices in China everyone has his/her place and should stay there | 5 | |
| 370301884 | Daoism | 600 BCE, founded by Lao Tzu try to find unity in nature | 6 | |
| 370301885 | Neo-Confucianism | mixture of Confucianism, Buddhism, and some Daoism | 7 | |
| 370301886 | Mandate of Heaven | gods appoint ruler, which kept Chinese from overthrowing them | 8 | |
| 370301887 | Hellenism | various philosophies in Ancient Greece centered on human achievements, like Aristotle | 9 | |
| 370301888 | absolutism | European monarchs have absolute power like Louis XIV | 10 | |
| 370301889 | Divine Right Theory | God chose the king | 11 | |
| 370301890 | humanism | philosophy of Italian Renaissance that glorified human achievements | 12 | |
| 370301891 | Enlightenment | political/social philosophers set out liberal ideas like freedom of speech/press/religion, common participation in gov't led to American and French Revolutions | 13 | |
| 370301892 | conservatism | keep the status quo dominant in Europe after French Revolutions and Age of Napoleon | 14 | |
| 370301893 | nationalism | unifying purpose that binds people together common religion, language, heritage, history led to independence movements from empires or imperialist countries | 15 | |
| 370301894 | Marxism | economic history of world will end w/communism where all property is shared and class struggle will end | 16 | |
| 370301895 | fascism | extreme national leaders believe in nationalism and glorification of state over individual some were racist and used violence towards others (Nazis) Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain | 17 | |
| 370301896 | feminism | major 20th c Western movement to secure political/economic/social rights for women | 18 |
1750 - 1914 Dates Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 353353899 | 1756 - 1763 | 7 Years' War (3 continents) | 0 | |
| 353353900 | 1776 | American Revolution | 1 | |
| 353353901 | 1776 | Adam Smith writes "The Wealth of Nations" (Start of modern economics - laissez-faire) | 2 | |
| 353353902 | 1789 | Start of French Revolution | 3 | |
| 353353903 | 1804 | Haitian independence | 4 | |
| 353353904 | 1815 | Congress of Vienna - maintains European balance of power and creates 100 years of peace | 5 | |
| 353353905 | 1820s | Independence in Latin America (follows Napoleonic Wars) - Simon Bolivia | 6 | |
| 353353906 | 1839 | Opium Wars - ends Chinese dominance, introduces idea of extra territoriality | 7 | |
| 353353907 | 1848 | Various European revolutions, Karl Marx writes "Communist Manifesto" | 8 | |
| 353353908 | 1853 | Japan's isolation ends at the hands of Americans (led by Matthew Perry) | 9 | |
| 353353909 | 1857 | Sepoy Mutiny - dissolves East India Trading Co. (shift from indirect to direct British rule in India) | 10 | |
| 353353910 | 1861 | End of serfdom in Russia | 11 | |
| 353353911 | 1861 | Italian unification achieved | 12 | |
| 353353912 | 1863 | Emancipation Proclamation | 13 | |
| 353353913 | 1871 | German Unification by Bismarck (Creation of 2nd Reich) | 14 | |
| 353353914 | 1885 | Conference of Berlin (division of Africa) | 15 | |
| 353353915 | 1898 | Spanish - American War - start of US imperialism | 16 | |
| 353353916 | 1899 | Boer War (British control S. Africa - apartheid begins) | 17 | |
| 353353917 | 1905 | Russo-Japanese War - established Japan as a power | 18 | |
| 353353918 | 1910 | Mexican Revolution and establishment of a Constitution | 19 | |
| 353353919 | 1911 | Chinese revolution - end of dynastic cycle, last Civil Service Exam | 20 | |
| 353353920 | 1914 | Start of WWI | 21 |
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